区块链是分布式数据存储、点对点传输,区块链是分布式账本吗

区块链技术是一种分布式数据存储、点对点传输的技术，它是一种分布式账本，可以追溯到每一个交易的历史记录，这一技术具有安全性、可靠性、透明性和不可篡改性等特点，正在被广泛应用于各个行业。今天，我们就来聊聊关于区块链技术的三个关键词：去中心化、智能合约、加密算法。

去中心化：去中心化是区块链技术的一个核心概念，它指的是没有中心组织或者中心服务器，而是由大量用户组成的网络，每个用户都可以参与进来，参与者之间相互信任，彼此之间可以相互认证。去中心化的优势在于它可以让数据更加安全，不容易被篡改，而且可以让用户更加容易地参与其中。

智能合约：智能合约是一种利用区块链技术实现自动执行的合约，它可以让双方在完成交易之前设定一些条件，只有当条件被满足时，交易才会被执行。智能合约可以让交易安全、可靠，可以让双方更加容易地达成共识，而且可以让交易更加透明，更加有效。

加密算法：加密算法是区块链技术中最重要的一个组成部分，它可以让数据在传输和存储的过程中更加安全，可以让数据不被篡改，可以让数据传输的过程更加安全。加密算法可以让数据在发送和接收的过程中更加安全，可以让数据在传输和存储的过程中更加安全，可以让数据不被篡改，可以让数据传输的过程更加安全。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据存储、点对点传输的技术，它的核心思想是去中心化，它可以让数据更加安全、可靠，而且可以让用户更加容易地参与其中；它还支持智能合约，可以让双方在完成交易之前设定一些条件，只有当条件被满足时，交易才会被执行；它还支持加密算法，可以让数据在传输和存储的过程中更加安全，可以让数据不被篡改，可以让数据传输的过程更加安全。在未来，区块链技术将会被广泛应用于各个行业，改变着我们的生活。

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㈠ Popular explanation of what blockchain is

Blockchain is a distributed and decentralized computer technology. Blockchain is not equal to Bitcoin, it is just an underlying technology invented to realize the digital currency of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be applied in a wider range. In addition to digital currency, it can also be applied in financial aspects such as P2P lending, global payment, micro-finance, electronic payment, and remittance. It can also be used in people's livelihood aspects such as intellectual property, elections, and notarization. The prospects for future development are huge.

So, what is distributed and decentralized? Take marriage registration as an example. In the past, when two people got married, they had to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau to go through the formalities, and then enter the information into the computer. Only then has the legal process been completed. What if blockchain technology is used? As long as two people agree to get married and then post a message in their circle of friends, the marriage process is completed, and there is no need to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau at all. Your friends are common witnesses. They may be scattered around the world, but their mobile phones will help you record the information and tell others who want to know the situation.

Characteristics of blockchain

1. Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

2. Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.

4. Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.

5. Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously.

㈡ What is blockchain

From a scientific and technological perspective, blockchain technology involves many scientific and technological issues such as mathematics courses, cryptographic algorithms, big data technology and computer programming. From an application perspective, to put it simply, blockchain is a resource sharing ledger and database of a distributed framework, which has the characteristics of decentralization, inability to forge, traces of the entire process, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

According to this characteristic, blockchain technologyThis system has broad value by establishing a reliable "trust" foundation and creating reliable "collaboration." In recent years, the world's attitude towards Bitcoin has been ups and downs, but blockchain technology, as one of the basic technologies of Bitcoin, has received more and more attention. In the Bitcoin generation process, a block is a storage unit that records all information exchanges of each block node within the corresponding time period. The intermediate links between each block are achieved according to random distribution (also known as hash algorithm), and the subsequent block contains the hash value of the subsequent block. As the exchange of information expanded, 1 block and 1 block continued, and the result became known as blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology, as an auxiliary technology, does not decentralize the entire energy network, but makes the energy network more closely connected. Each network can be "autonomous" while maintaining independence. This independence can While improving the work efficiency of each outlet, it can also reduce the work efficiency of each outlet and avoid the energy loss of "intermediate links". '/

Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third partyNo longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called ""Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This problem was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why are three independent Control system? For example, in an emergency, there is an airplane on the opposite side. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system is broken, you will die. One of the two systems What should I do if it breaks down? The good ones say hide, and the bad ones say don’t hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it. The probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account the damage. What to do if there are malicious systems? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is also similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is An independent system that does not interfere with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is it used for?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script codes to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize point-to-point transactions based on decentralized credit in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Coordination and collaboration, thus providing solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The areas of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability , privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc., with the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related questions and answers: Can you use it? Please explain to me what blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my childhood friend, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later I came to the city to go to school and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; He works as a farmer at home and also does a small business. Now he has two children and a safe life. He envies my so-called "seen the world", and I envy his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different lives that we envy each other? ?

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked, “What is blockchain? "I was stunned for a moment. How could this idiot care about such avant-garde words? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see that idiot's clouds and fog through the phone screen. Confused expression. How to explain clearly "what is blockchain" to people with a little bit of Internet concept and technical foundation? This seems to be a very difficult question.Troublesome problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating models of blockchain revolve around "decentralization" operate with the concept of “centralization”. Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"In the past, the operation model of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You granted credit to the villagers and allowed them to take accounts on credit. All accounting was done directly through you and our villagers. You were the center of all accounting affairs." Ergazi said I understand, let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the accounts will become dead debts? It will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white, let alone those who remember the accounts verbally, but the block The decentralization of the chain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of blockchain is “decentralization”

“The essence of blockchain is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because of the accounting There are many nodes, and it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others to default on the debt, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to pay back the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial transactions with him in the future? ?”

At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I felt a little sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow the villagers to get paper and pen to help you keep accounts, but through the Internet It was completed by networking with the computer."

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then everyone in the village knows what others bought from me, so who would buy anything from me? It's really a bit weird. There is no privacy. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep delaying it?”

“Okay, Gazi, you are on to the point of asking this question.” It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and is still very smart in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a string of numbers and English, and each account has a timestamp to record the time it occurred. , can't be relied on."

Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the debtor has a good relationship with the villagers, and they uniteHow about tampering with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”

“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete."

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: “What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid, I had to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with the seller? Anyway, the accounting is very safe. "

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Ga Zi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "

"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and helped you keep an account first, and then other people knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si will be able to get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if Gazi can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. And thanThe number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.

"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”

Gazi is a typical example of those who don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle of people who are involved in both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, what he really cares about is “blockchain project investment” Is it reliable? "When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now the so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

As of now, there are only three types of blockchain investments. Situation: Mining, currency speculation, so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining means mining by purchasing mining machines, etc. Equipment, mine virtual currency, and then sell it for cash to get returns. You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as Investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously only a very small number of investors who understand technology can play successfully. I My childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t play with it.

As for “coin speculation”, I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both “buy low and sell high” operations , but there is a huge difference. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself, and the price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely Irregularities, theft and hacker attacks often occur, and the risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagrees with "coin speculation"!

"September 4th" It is illegal to issue virtual currencies

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects use various The packaging and inflammatory rhetoric attract investors into the circle, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly dialed Gazi’s phone number and carefully conducted the above analysis??

㈣ What exactly is blockchain

Blockchain is a distributed data storage , point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other new application models of computer technology. Simply put, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. After reading this, you may still be confused. In fact, in vernacular terms, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database. The advantage of this distributed ledger is that buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary. Everyone has a backup, even if your copy is lost, it will not be affected.

So what is distribution and decentralization? Take marriage registration as an example. In the past, when two people got married, they had to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau to go through the formalities, and then enter the information into the computer to complete the legal process. What if we use blockchain technology? As long as two people agree to get married and post a message in their circle of friends, the marriage process is completed and there is no need to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau. Your friends are common witnesses. They may be scattered around the world, but their mobile phones will help you record the information and tell others who want to know the situation.

If you want to conceal your marriage information, you used to have to modify the records on the Civil Affairs Bureau's computer, but now you have to modify the records on the mobile phones of all insiders at the same time. The more people who know about it, the less likely it is to modify it. Therefore it is an impossible task. This is distribution and decentralization.

On the network, every once in a while, a block will be generated. This block is equivalent to a network record book, which is used to record relevant information that has occurred over a period of time. Waiting for this record book When the record is full, a new record book will be generated. Once the information is recorded, all participants will be notified and everyone will be updated simultaneously.record book.

These record books are eventually connected in series with each other. This is blockchain technology. Because of the use of cryptography technology, if someone wants to unilaterally tamper with the message, it will be verified through the blockchain algorithm protection mechanism. If the time point does not match and the related information does not match, other people will not update their record books. Then this information is invalid.

Therefore, compared with traditional information storage technology, blockchain technology is more secure, transparent, and information is irreversible.

Blockchain is not equal to Bitcoin, it is just an underlying technology invented to realize the digital currency of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be applied in a wider range. In addition to digital currency, it can also be applied in financial aspects such as P2P lending, global payment, micro-finance, electronic payment, and remittance. It can also be used in people's livelihood aspects such as intellectual property, elections, and notarization. The prospects for future development are huge.

㈤ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?

Nowadays, many people think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat different. Blockchain technology is a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

Well known, the first few dozen Bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was worth more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of local tycoons. At present, virtual currencies generated by blockchain technology are gradually entering the market. In our daily life, many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. We often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, your bicycle will turn into a sports car, and one coin will turn you into a young model. You can imagine how attractive it is.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes.Computing tasks reduce the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complicated. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data Services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated during the real-time solidification process. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing prevention.Repudiation and anti-tampering implement a distributed trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the bidding behavior data through the blockchain is shared as "lostIt provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of trustworthy enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

" The document "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" (State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) points out that services such as witnessing, venues, information, archives, and expert selection need to be optimized. However, the current public resource trading process is witnessed by manual on-site witnesses. Mainly, the witnessing strength is limited, it takes up a lot of human resources, and the witnessing effect is limited. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witnessing system is easy to tamper with the data afterwards, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process. From the perspective of security and usability All have certain flaws.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, through timestamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Accurately record the time, content, and data source of data generation. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For large unstructured format files, videos, audios, etc. The summary information of the file is saved through the blockchain, and the original file is saved through the distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in the transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data to clarify the interests of all parties involved in the transaction. Responsibility. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote corporate financial services and corporate financing for bidding

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Current electronic bidding Deposit guarantee letters have been used to some extent in the field of bidding, solving the problem of capital occupation of bid deposits for bidding companies. However, because various financial institutions currently do not have reliable data on the historical bidding behavior of bidders, they are unable to evaluate the defaults of different bidders. Risk judgment has led to the adoption of fixed rates for guarantee services charged by bidders, so that the guarantee costs of a small number of bidders with high default risks are allocated to the majority of bidders with low default risks, which to a certain extent increases the cost of most bidders. Bidder's guarantee rate.

Currently, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder's performance records are aggregated and shared through the blockchain, the analysis will be different. Bidder performance risks, different guarantee rates are provided for different bidders, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders, promotes the use of bid guarantees, and to a certain extent, can also promote bidders to abide by the contract and keep their promises. , maintain the order of the bidding market.

Promote financial services for bidding enterprises

Bidders' bidding behavior is scattered in various trading centers. Simply aggregating data into a centralized information system will cause the risk of data tampering (untrustworthy). Valuable bidding People’s trading behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

AboutBlockchain, we can imagine it as a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

The application that has been implemented is product traceability, Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some goods sold, and consumers can track and trace the purchased goods. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. Quantity, the number of googleThe largest amount is 8000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15,728.64 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

㈥ What is the blockchain?

What is the blockchain?

What is the blockchain? Many people have no idea about the blockchain. It is not very clear what the chain is, and some people have even never heard of it. In fact, blockchain is a common one. I have compiled relevant information about what blockchain is for everyone.

What is blockchain 1

Speaking of blockchain, we have to mention its twin brother-Bitcoin.

Time goes back to 11 years ago. On November 1, 2008, the world was shrouded in the huge shadow of the financial crisis. That day, a mysterious geek who called himself "Satoshi Nakamoto" sent a group email.

Attached to the email is a paper titled: "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System."

Satoshi Nakamoto said in the email that he is working on a new electronic cash system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require any trusted third party. About half a month later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the source code of the Bitcoin system non-stop.

On January 3, 2009, an interesting invention turned out. Satoshi Nakamoto generated the first Bitcoin block on the server, which is the so-called "Bitcoin genesis block". Since then, the Bitcoin system has officially opened.

Having said that, you might as well stop and think about how we conduct cash transactions in real life.

Suppose you borrow 10,000 yuan from a friend and promise to pay it back in one month. You may choose to repay the loan by bank card transfer. The bank is responsible for deducting 10,000 yuan from your deposit account and adding 10,000 yuan to your friend's deposit account.

Here, the bank is the institution responsible for keeping accounts. The underlying reason why you choose bank transfer is that you believe it is more reliable and will help you transfer 10,000 yuan to a friend.

However, in the digital world, inventing a currency is another matter.

The hero behind the Bitcoin game

First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto hopes to conduct peer-to-peer direct transactions, bypassing the third party of the bank.This problem is easy to solve. Then there will be no banks. Users will issue their own currencies through a unique mechanism and trade directly with each other.

But this brings another problem. There is no bank as a reliable intermediary responsible for accounting, and users do not know each other. How to ensure that no one cheats during transactions?

For example, in the digital world, electronic files can be easily copied. 10 yuan of digital currency turns into 100 yuan by copying and pasting it with the mouse 10 times. Isn’t it a mess?

To solve this problem, we need to provide a mechanism for everyone to trust each other.

The method adopted by the Bitcoin system is to record all transaction processes openly and transparently in chronological order. These records are permanent and cannot be tampered with. This way you won't be able to do anything sneaky.

With these mechanisms, the Bitcoin system operates successfully.

This system stores data in units of data blocks, which are blocks. Approximately every 10 minutes, new blocks will be added. Each block records the detailed transaction process of Bitcoin and is timestamped. Different blocks are connected in chronological order through a certain algorithm, which is a chain.

Together, they are called "Blockchain".

In this way, the blockchain took root with the birth of Bitcoin. If Bitcoin is the star in front of the spotlight, blockchain is the hero behind the scenes responsible for providing a trust mechanism in the underlying technology.

Brand new changes in accounting methods

Although behind the scenes, the talent of blockchain was quickly discovered.

In technical terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology. To understand it, let’s take the simplest example.

Suppose your family keeps accounts like this: you, your father, and your mother each have an account book. You each record your own expenses, and at the end of each month you tally the total household expenses together.

But dad likes to buy cigarettes, mom likes to stock up on cosmetics, and you like to buy snacks. You may both miss a few entries intentionally or unintentionally, and sometimes make corrections in the ledger. Therefore, when checking the accounts at the end of the month, there is always a discrepancy with the actual expenditure of the family.

In order to change this situation, you bought a new account book. You, your father, and your mother jointly use a new account book to keep accounts, remind and supervise each other, and check each expense together.

At the same time, you also agreed that once the expenses are clearly recorded, no alteration or deletion is allowed. After trying it for a few months, you found that this joint ledger matched the actual expenses of the family much more closely.

Blockchain is the second accounting method. The little story above tells us that it has at least these major features or benefits.

First of all, it is decentralized, data previously maintained by one partyThe library has become jointly maintained by multiple parties. Everyone writes data together based on consensus, and no one can control the data alone.

Secondly, it allows everyone to change from keeping separate accounts to joint accounting, which brings consistency and openness and transparency to the data.

In addition, the blockchain only allows data to be written, not deletion or modification, which prevents data from being secretly tampered with.

Mutual trust between strangers

In reality, many scenarios are much more complicated than how to keep accounts at home. Moreover, many aspects of financial transactions and business processing are mostly operated by strangers. How can we make everyone trust each other?

It’s blockchain’s turn to show its talents. Don’t forget, it can provide a mechanism for everyone to trust each other from the underlying technology.

For example, when you usually go to the wet market to buy things, you may worry about whether fish, shrimp, and vegetables are safe. Some companies see business opportunities and move the data of farmers and fish ponds to the blockchain. In this way, you will know which fish pond the fish you buy comes from, and you will feel more confident when eating.

For another example, links to fundraising for seriously ill patients often appear in Moments. When making a donation, you may have some concerns: Is the patient's condition real? Can donations really be delivered to patients?

In order to eliminate these concerns, some Internet charity organizations use blockchain to allow you to clearly view the steps for using your donation. If the review finds that the patient's condition is not true, the blockchain system will automatically return the donation to your account.

In the future, what changes can blockchain bring to our lives?

It is conceivable that when blockchain is widely used in various fields of society, it will become an important infrastructure in the information age and can solve many of the headaches that currently cause us.

For example, blockchain will allow countless islands of information to be "chained" together. When seeing a doctor, there is no need to repeat the examination just because you change hospitals. Entrepreneurs do not have to go to multiple departments to go through a procedure; many transactions no longer need to be carried out. Third-party guarantees are required, consumers no longer have to worry about non-refundable deposits, and creators do not have to worry about their works being stolen but getting nothing...

What is blockchain 2

From an academic perspective, blockchain is New application models of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.

Many people still don’t understand this explanation, so let me make a simple metaphor.

Hypothetical situation: Suppose you have a ledger at home and you are asked to keep accounts. In the past, your parents gave you your salary and asked you to record it in your account book. If you are greedy and want to buy something delicious in the meantime, the record in the ledger may be less than ten yuan.

This is just an example. I believe that when we were children, everyone probably wanted to take some money from their parents’ pockets to spend.

How to use blockchain to solve problems:

If you use the whole family mobilization method to keep accounts, the above-mentioned problems will not exist, because you are keeping accounts, your father is also keeping accounts, your mother is also keeping accounts, and they can all see the general ledger. You can't change it, and neither can your parents. In this case, your father who wants to buy cigarettes and you who want to be greedy can't do anything about it.

Functional "blockchain"

It can not only record every transaction, but also can be programmed to record almost everything of value to mankind. Things: birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, title deeds, degrees, financial accounts, medical history, insurance claims, ballots, food sources, and anything else that can be represented by a code.

Each block is like a hard disk, which saves all the above information and then encrypts it through cryptography technology. The saved information cannot be tampered with.

Every 10 minutes, the blockchain system will check all data generated during the period (such as transaction records and records of when the block was edited or created, etc.) and store these data in a new area. On the block, this block will be connected with the previous block to form a chain. Each block must contain relevant information from the previous block to be effective.

Characteristics of blockchain

1. Exceptionally safe:

Unlike centralized databases owned by companies or government agencies, blockchain is not controlled by anyone. or entity's control, data is replicated (distributed) in its entirety across multiple computers.

Unlike centralized databases, there is no single entry point for attackers, and data security is more guaranteed.

2. Non-tamperability:

Once entered into the blockchain, no information can be changed, and even the administrator cannot modify this information.

Once something appears, it cannot be changed. This attribute is of great significance to the changeable and ever-changing online world that humans currently live in.

3. Accessible:

All nodes in the network can easily access information.

4. No third party:

Because the blockchain is decentralized, it can facilitate peer-to-peer transactions, so whether you are trading or exchanging funds, there is no need for a third party of approval.

Blockchain itself is a platform.

Blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Currently, each is keeping its own account.

Since there is no centralized intermediary agency, letting everything run automatically through preset programs can not only greatly reduce costs, but also improve efficiency. And since everyone has the same ledger, it can ensure that the ledger recording process is open and transparent.

Blockchain technologyIt is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has been running very stably for many years without any problems. Therefore, some people have noticed its underlying technology and abstracted the Bitcoin technology. Call it blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.

According to a report released by Santander, Spain's largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.

Cloud computing is usually defined as providing dynamic, easily scalable and often virtualized resources through the Internet, but it is often a centralized organization that provides a cloud computing platform. The network composed of blockchain generally does not have a specific organization, so blockchain is closer to the definition of a distributed computing system and is a type of distributed computing.

The future development and application scenarios of blockchain

1. Digital identity

Many people will encounter "prove that my mother is me" when applying for various certificates. "Mom" dilemma, with blockchain, you no longer have to worry about it.

It turns out that our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. need a central node for everyone to recognize them. Once cross-border, contracts and certificates may become invalid because of the lack of a global central node.

The non-tamperable nature of blockchain technology has fundamentally changed this situation. Our birth certificates, real estate certificates, and marriage certificates can all be notarized on the blockchain and become things trusted by the world. , of course, it can also easily prove "my mother is my mother".

2. Health care

Simply put, it is to use the blockchain to establish a universal record repository with timestamps, so that different databases can extract data information.

For example, when you go to see a doctor, you don’t have to change hospitals for repeated examinations, and you don’t have to worry about reimbursement for medical insurance, which can save time and expenses.

3. Travel consumption

For example, we often use apps such as Ctrip and Meituan to find and place orders for hotels and other services, and each platform gets commissions from them.

The application of blockchain is to remove middlemen and create a secure, decentralized way for service providers and customers to connect and trade directly.

4. More convenient transactions

Blockchain can make payments and transactions more efficient and convenient. The blockchain platform allows users to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met, meaning that automatic payments can be released when both parties to a transaction agree that their conditions are met.

5. Strictly control product quality

If you buy an apple, with blockchain technology, you can know the entire process from the production of the fruit farmer to the circulation link.. Among them are government regulatory information, professional testing data, enterprise quality inspection data, etc. A smart supply chain will make the food we eat and the products we use every day safer and give us more peace of mind.

6. Property rights protection art

The creator puts his work on the blockchain, and if someone uses his work, he can immediately Know. Corresponding royalties are also automatically paid to the creator.

Blockchain technology not only protects copyright, but also helps creators sell their works to consumers better and more directly, without the need for the assistance of distribution companies.

What is blockchain 3

Advantages of blockchain

Decentralized, it does not require the intervention of a third party and enables point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration. Because the data is distributed in various nodes through algorithms and has a unique verification mechanism, no one organization or individual can control the global data. Since it is distributed in various nodes, any node stopping work will not affect the entire system. Operation, this decentralized network will greatly improve data security. The data in the system is jointly maintained by various nodes with maintenance functions.

Openness, in addition to the encryption of private information of all parties in the system, the blockchain data is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain through the public interface Data and development related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.

Where does blockchain come in?

Blockchain is an open, transparent, decentralized and secure technology. This technological revolution is applied to the Internet. For data-sensitive fields such as medical care, public opinion supervision, and ecological testing, it can prevent data from being tampered with and ensure the authenticity of the data.

In short, blockchain is not just a form of virtual currency. Its advantages will play an important role in many industries.

㈦ Briefly explain what blockchain is. Blockchain

Blockchain is a database storage system distributed around the world that can operate collaboratively.

Different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (centralized characteristics), blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate.

Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once added, the node enjoys the same All other nodes have exactly the same rights and obligations (decentralized and distributed characteristics). At the same time, those who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. Finally, all nodes around the world will complete synchronization one after another according to a certain mechanism, thereby achieving The data of all nodes in the blockchain network are completely consistent.

Expanded information

Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a database ledger that records all transaction records. This technology has gradually attracted the attention of the banking and financial industries because of its safety and convenience.

On March 31, 2018, "Blockchain Technology Principles and Development Practice" was officially introduced into university lectures, and the first course was held at the South Campus of Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology.

In April 2018, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced the establishment of the world’s first blockchain university, Woolf University. On May 29, a new blockchain function was launched on the network to ensure that entry editing is fair and transparent.