区块链的特征和作用是什么意思,区块链的特征和作用是什么呢

近些年，区块链技术深受关注，它是一种新型的数据存储技术，它可以把数据存储在网络中，并且可以被多方共同维护和管理。那么，区块链的特征和作用是什么呢？

首先，区块链技术具有去中心化的特征。它不依赖于任何中心化的机构，而是依靠多个不同的节点来维护网络，因此，它可以有效地防止数据的恶意篡改和网络的破坏。

其次，区块链技术具有不可篡改的特征。它可以使用加密技术来确保数据的安全性，并且可以确保数据的完整性，从而避免数据被篡改。

此外，区块链技术具有可追溯性。它可以记录每一次数据的变更，从而使得数据的变更可以被追溯，从而有效地防止数据的恶意篡改。

最后，区块链技术具有高效率的特征。它可以把大量的数据存储在网络中，并且可以在短时间内完成大量的数据处理，从而使得数据处理更加高效。

总之，区块链技术具有去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯性和高效率的特征，它可以有效地保护数据的安全性和完整性，并且可以使得大量的数据处理变得更加高效。

区块链技术的应用非常广泛，它可以用于金融、政府、医疗、法律等众多领域。在金融领域，它可以用来实现跨境支付，改善金融服务的可用性和安全性；在政府领域，它可以用来改善政府的服务效率，加强政府的监管能力；在医疗领域，它可以用来改善医疗服务的可用性和安全性；在法律领域，它可以用来改善法律服务的可用性和安全性。

总之，区块链技术具有去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯性和高效率的特点，它的应用非常广泛，可以有效地改善各行各业的服务效率和安全性。

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『一』What is "blockchain"

Blockchain is a public ledger, and there is no centralized hardware or management organization , anyone can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily discover whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.

In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.

The concept of being verifiable by everyone is crucial to blockchain.

Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.

So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?

In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:

1. Decentralized domain name server, namely domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.

2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.

3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.

4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.

But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.

The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values ​​of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.

Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.

In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions waiting for verification into hash values, and charge a certain amount of Bitcoin as a service fee.

Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.

I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.

Supplement

Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.

Bitcoin has demonstrated blockchain technology to the worldIt is possible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technologically transforming Bitcoin or introducing an entirely different blockchain technology. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. But Bitcoin is still the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.

Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.

In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.

| What is Blockchain

Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links". Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.

It is generally believed that blockchain has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:

Since each block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a specific period of time, Therefore, each block is equal, and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the entire system, so the blockchain has decentralized characteristics.

Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness.

Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .

Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? is a disruptive newTechnology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, ranging from one or two years to four to five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect all aspects of the economy and society.

| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system

In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.

Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. Like many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu resisted it at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.

Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless features of the blockchain are fully utilized, what else will the intermediaries of financial institutions do? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.

In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.

| Subverting the financial system, blockchain still faces two mountains

Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides. The more prominent the advantages, the more obvious the flaws. It’s just the perspective. Just different. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.

First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution. Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralized characteristics of blockchain are destined to only be used in certain situations.How can it subvert everything if it only works in certain areas (that is, areas that are not suitable for centralization)?

Furthermore, it is a matter of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. Here comes the problem. Each block retains all transaction information. There is no problem on a small blockchain. However, as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and will also bring information. Dramatic increase in storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.

Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.

As a conclusion, Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify that blockchain, as a conceptual innovation, does have great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant and the golden mean", in the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.

(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)

As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of its information. Next block.

I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.

If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.

To understand what this word means, you need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center, and all these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan coupons at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.

Golden Yuan Coupons

This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, and through mathematical methods, illegal modification of the ledger becomes very difficult.Very difficult. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.

Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called a block chain.

After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.

For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If its processing volume is one day comparable to that of Alipay, the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 terabytes per year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?

For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system

In layman’s terms, it is to play mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the banker, and each other can shoot four people. They all have their own ledger records, but if you want to modify the ledger, you must have more than 50% of the modification rights, so the cost of cheating on the ledger is very high.

In the future, blockchain will be used more in finance to combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and in culture it can be used for copyright protection, etc.

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I have seen a lot of people’s explanations of blockchain in official terms, and some may not even be clear to the person explaining it. I will explain blockchain in vernacular below to ensure that everyone can read it. Gotta understand.

What is blockchain? Let me give an analogy. In 50 years, you can buy an electric fan from the supermarket. This electric fan will automatically mine coins for you when it is blowing. You can mine coins automatically while using the electric fan. When you use this electric fan, When the fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to repair the electric fan. Of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand.When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, small fees such as membership fees or service fees or other methods can be used. to make a profit. Just like this, the mined coins can be purchased and repaired. Although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.

And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.

Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient. It is equivalent to upgrading on the basis of the Internet, making it safer and more convenient. This is blockchain! It's that simple.

The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain is impossible to change. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.

At present, the blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, a truly valuable blockchain Internet will be hatched. company.

The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .

1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.

2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.

3. Everyone works on the same blockchain, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission and tampering with the blockchain is prohibited. It is difficult to operate in terms of computing power.

If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is a kind of accounting behavior:

Anyone can verify this public ledger, but notThere is a single user that can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.

(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. node, which is equivalent to changing the database record; (consensus mechanism, cryptography)

(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp the time Stamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)

(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)

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(4) Storage, the account book is stored in blocks. As transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain to form a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology) < /p>

(5) Backup, every participating trader is a node of the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.

Features

1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.

2. Close to zero trust cost.

The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long. For example, Taobao often takes several years to build its credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.

3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.

If traditional assets are to be used for trading, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging and endorsement, and the fees and thresholds are extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.

The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.

According to my current understanding

1. Blockchain is an outlet.

Everyone is talking about blockchain. Whether they have read it or not, whether they understand it or not, many people are forwarding blockchain articles in their circle of friends. The only new WeChat group is Blockchain related groups.

Investors are talking, entrepreneurs are talking, almost every major Internet company is talking about it, government departments are taking a stand, and tens of thousands of vertical media focusing on blockchain are quickly born.

If you don’t join any currency circle or chain circle, you will be completely out. Even well-known investmentsThe big boss Zhu Xiaohu was unilaterally declared to belong to the old world by the rising star Chen Weixing.

2. Blockchain represents the story of sudden wealth.

Although ICO has been stopped by the national level, the most popular word-of-mouth about blockchain is still the increase in wealth by hundreds or thousands of times. Coins that were bought for a few cents or a few dollars are now worth dozens or hundreds of dollars. Everyone is talking about value-added stories.

There are Bitcoin and Ethereum. If you download a digital currency trading platform APP, the various currency codes composed of densely packed letters will feel like a stock exchange.

3. Blockchain is not only a technology, but also a belief at the conceptual level.

The basic layer, application layer, and a lot of blockchain knowledge seem to have a lot to do with the hot artificial intelligence.

Many people say that blockchain technology is mature, but applications have barely found an entrance. We can all shout loudly: Artificial Intelligence +, but if you shout "Blockchain +" now, it's not enough and you will be laughed at. The application scenarios are still being explored.

As for the previous Internet, it was an Internet of confidence. With the addition of blockchain, it became an Internet of value.

Such similar concepts are people’s good expectations for blockchain technology to solve the trust problem. If it is so easy to implement, blockchain can subvert finance, e-commerce, and many intermediaries. But why has the Internet not been subverted for so many years and real estate still relies on intermediaries?

4. Blockchain already has a history, so don’t think it is too new.

Just as many people claim that artificial intelligence is so new that it is a joke, its history can be traced back to the 1950s.

The blockchain is marked by the birth of Bitcoin, which was 10 years ago. There is also a still mysterious founder, Satoshi Nakamoto, who seems to have a Japanese name, and some say he is from the United States. From the Security Bureau, I think it can also be interpreted as "Chinese people are inherently smart", of course the latter is just a joke.

The reason why it has become so popular is because of the skyrocketing price of various digital currencies in 2017, which skyrocketed thousands of times in a few months and days. How could there be such an amazing speed in the past?

5. Blockchain is a knowledge system.

For me, whether it is a trend, whether it is a wealth game, or whether it is technology, we cannot ignore it or ignore it.

I started to make two columns to understand the blockchain from the perspective of characters, stories and characters. One is "Blockchain 100 People (Industry People)" and the other is "Blockchain 100 Investors". (Viewpoint)” Learn and spread at the same time.

As for related books, of course, I will accept them all as ordered. I can only be a follower of various trends and follow suit.

The biggest mistake is not how we criticize the blockchain, but to ignore it when we see it has a huge bubble and the crowd is enthusiastic about it, and to stay away from it as if we are noble.

The only way we have left is to be willing to be students, learn, and learn again.

Literal meaning: block, chain, using a chain to connect each block.

Blockchain = distributed data storage + point-to-point transmission + consensus mechanism + encryption algorithm

What is data storage? For example, a supermarket must have a ledger to record the entry and exit of various goods and transactions. This is storage.

What is distributed storage? It is the account book of this supermarket. Every employee has a copy. Every time there is something that needs to be recorded, it will be recorded in everyone's account book in a timely manner. Distributing each ledger (storage) to countless people (places) is distributed storage. (The supermarket employees here can be understood as blocks, and the ledger is the chain)

What is point-to-point transmission? In the same supermarket, there is no yogurt at the front desk. The shopping guide reports it to his superiors, and then reports it to his superiors.... Finally, he reports it to the warehouse. The warehouse records the accounting records in the ledger, and then transfers the goods to the front desk. As for point-to-point transmission, if there is no yogurt at the front desk, the shopping guide directly tells the warehouse, and the quantity sent by the warehouse to the shopping guide is recorded in the ledger. Everyone knows how many goods the warehouse has sent to the front desk. This is point-to-point transmission. There is no intermediate link, but the accounts can be made public for everyone who holds the ledger to see.

What is consensus mechanism? The consensus mechanism mainly includes two points. In a simple summary, the minority obeys the majority and everyone is equal. Similarly, the positions in this supermarket may be high or low, but everyone’s account books are indeed the same and equal. If someone makes a false account, then this person's account must be different from other people's accounts. At this time, it depends on whose account is remembered by more people. In theory, as long as the blockchain is large enough, then there is no need to make false accounts. Limit reduction! Because of the "minority obeys the majority" mechanism, if you want to make false accounts, then the number of false accounts you need to make must be at least greater than 50% of the total! On a network, if you need to change a piece of data, you must control at least 50% of the total number of computers to succeed.

The encryption algorithm is easy to understand. That is, when you go to the warehouse to adjust goods, the system will protect your privacy very well. It will only record the time, location, and person with a certain number who went to adjust the yogurt. It couldn't be the time, place, or Zhang San went to mix the yogurt. Taken together, this is the core component of the blockchain.

Personally, I think its main function is to decentralize and protect data from being tampered with! Decentralization and data protection are actually related. A supermarket only has one ledger, and any scheduling needs to go through the person who manages the ledger. If you need to make false accounts, you only need to control the person who manages the ledger. And if that supermarket uses blockchain technology, then he will make false accounts. If so, you need to control more than you hold.The people who hold 50% of the supermarket's total ledger account. Obviously, it is almost impossible to control so many people as the number of holders increases.

『二』What are the functions and characteristics of blockchain

Blockchain is starting a revolution in currency. Blockchain should be liquidity with bit characteristics, rather than currency characteristics.
According to the Radcliffe Report, "Only liquidity is the transmission mechanism through which monetary policy affects the economy." People's spending is not limited by the amount of money available, but only by the amount of money people expect they can get. Relevantly, these currencies may be obtained as income, obtained by selling assets, or borrowed. Blockchain marks value through tokens, and all assets can be expressed on the blockchain very simply. The structure and marginal cost of asset exchanges tend to be zero. The Technology Research Department of Maoqiu Technology believes that this is one of the core technologies of the blockchain, and what it brings is an explosion of liquidity in a zero marginal cost scenario.
Only liquidity is the transmission mechanism of blockchain value
The liquidity of currency generally refers to the ability of currency to be liquidated quickly without loss during circulation. As the informatization process intensifies, currency is required to be more simple and fast in transactions. The current liquidity of paper money is far lower than that of electronic money.
In the era of Internet finance, "liquidity" can be completely explained as "the flow of information that transcends the value expressed in the form of banknotes."
We all know that the central bank system cannot survive without controlling the flow of information behind value. Because the essence of the central bank's monetary policy is to control the flow of value information, or simply to deny the "information flow." This is one of the reasons why inflation has increased over the past few years.
The reason why electronic money is gradually becoming more liquid than paper money is that the value of paper money before the prosperity of the Internet is because it can provide higher value than information flow such as gold and silver. Therefore, the essence of electronic currency is direct value exchange, and the form carrier is information exchanged through digital signals through the network. This is completely consistent with the characteristics of "liquidity".
Although there was no way to know the situation of blockchain in the last century, based on liquidity analysis, the future value characteristics of currency can still be accurately grasped. Now when it comes to blockchain, most people talk about its technical aspects and rarely touch on its value content.
However, if the central banks' "quantitative easing" is tracked by the blockchain to the flow of benefits, the technology will immediately "reveal" as benefits.
Is the blockchain the general equivalent of distributed, or distributed? Specific use value
Blockchain can record and measure the monetary flow facts of transactions in a distributed manner. In a distributed transaction recording system based on blockchain technology, each node becomes an independent product consumer, and each subject Equality and decentralized decision-making, all transactions are public, transaction nodes can be anonymous, ensuring the security of node accounts, decentralized management does not require a central server, avoids expensive operation and maintenance costs, and reduceslow cost.
Although blockchain is decentralized in form compared with currency, the liquidity it handles is still based on general equivalents.
We all know that the emergence of blockchain is based on the increasingly serious centralization problem. From the perspective of general equivalent theory, the emergence of general equivalents is because equivalents in the existing value form cannot adapt to the growing exchange needs, so a kind of New equivalents appear to make up for the shortcomings of existing equivalents.
French biologist Jacques Monod mentioned in "Necessity and Contingency" published in 1970: There is inevitability in the development of things. It is self-evident that the blockchain is designed as a liquidity ledger of general equivalents. Of course, according to Jiang Qiping’s view of “Blockchain and Monetary Philosophy” from the Information Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, blockchain is now just a distributed system designed as a general equivalent. If the characteristics of general equivalents no longer play a leading role in the future, then Future liquidity will need to reflect value in utilization, use, and service applications. Therefore, the Technology Research Department of Maoqiu Technology believes that in the future, blockchain should not only reflect distribution in technology, but should also be reflected in specific value applications.
Heidegger proposed the philosophical concept: Dasein in his masterpiece "Being and Time". There is no better way to describe the blockchain here, that is, God will not be content with being a means of accounting. He wants to live in the present and the purpose of being. This means that if the blockchain wants to develop for a long time, it must develop a function that can be used contextually as a being, rather than a flash in the pan.
If blockchain is no longer a general equivalent, how to view liquidity
From Jiang Qiping’s liquidity point of view, shells, currencies, and blockchain are liquidity in different historical periods and under different value logics. Different carriers. Currency, as liquidity, ignores the use characteristics of value, which are always specific, local, and current, and therefore can only be distributed.
The Technology Research Department of Maoqiu Technology believes that when blockchain captures the distributed characteristics of liquidity, although it will be used as a ledger of general equivalents in the early days, it will eventually have to be modified. Negation of negation develops a valuation function corresponding to services.

『三』What does blockchain mean and what are its main uses

In recent years, a hot word has appeared frequently on the Internet, and that is "blockchain". This word It gives people a very noble and powerful feeling, but many people don’t know what blockchain means? And what are the main uses of blockchain? Let’s take a look at the relevant content that has been issued.

Blockchain Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a string of rubber data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block. In other words, blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Distributed ledger. Broadly speaking, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method that is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

In addition, the blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Regarding its role, blockchain is mainly used to solve the trust and security issues of transactions. The above is the relevant content about the meaning and function of blockchain. I hope it can help friends in need.

『四』What are the characteristics of blockchain technology

The four major characteristics of blockchain technology include: decentralization; trustlessness; scalability; anonymization . Decentralization: Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the blockchain system. Therefore, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are maintained by the entire system. nodes to jointly maintain. Openness: The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent. Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, so that trust in "people" is exchanged. It has become a trust in the machine, and no human intervention will work. Information cannot be tampered with: Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node will be invalid, so the area The data stability and reliability of blockchain are extremely high. Anonymity: Since the exchanges between nodes follow a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to reveal its identity to the other party. Generating trust is very helpful for the accumulation of credit. Reliability: The data on the blockchain saves multiple copies, and the failure of any node will not affect the reliability of the data. The consensus mechanism makes modifying large numbers of blocks extremely costly and almost impossible. Destroying data is not in the self-interest of important participants. This practical design enhances the reliability of data on the blockchain and global circulation: blockchain assets are first based on the Internet. As long as there is the Internet, blockchain assets can be circulated. The Internet here can be the World Wide Web or various local area networks, so blockchain assets are circulated globally. As long as there is the Internet, blockchain assets can be transferred. Compared with centralized methods, the transfer fees for global circulation of blockchain assets are very low. For example, the early transfer fees for Bitcoin were0.0001 BTC. Compared with traditional transfers, blockchain assets arrive very quickly. It usually takes a few minutes to an hour to arrive.