区块链生态覆盖四个生态,区块链四个生态

区块链作为一种新型的技术，它的生态覆盖面非常广，其中包括了技术生态、应用生态、交易生态和发行生态。它们各自在区块链生态体系中发挥着不同的作用，也是区块链生态发展的基础。

技术生态是指区块链技术的发展，包括共识机制、共识算法、网络结构、节点设置、智能合约、数据存储等。技术生态的发展是区块链技术的基础，任何应用都要依靠这些技术来实现。

应用生态是指区块链技术的应用，包括金融应用、支付应用、游戏应用、智能合约应用等。应用生态的发展是区块链技术实际应用的基础，它能够将区块链技术应用到实际场景中，从而实现价值传递。

交易生态是指数字资产交易的发展，包括数字货币交易、数字资产交易、智能合约交易等。交易生态的发展是数字资产交易的基础，它能够将数字资产变现，从而实现价值传递。

发行生态是指数字资产发行的发展，包括数字货币发行、数字资产发行、智能合约发行等。发行生态的发展是数字资产发行的基础，它能够将数字资产发行出去，从而实现价值传递。

总之，区块链生态覆盖了技术生态、应用生态、交易生态和发行生态四大生态，它们各自在区块链生态体系中发挥着不同的作用，也是区块链生态发展的基础。

请查看相关英文文档

① How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything. Make blockchain technology a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a method that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that they cannot be tampered with, Unforgeable distributed ledger (database) technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises,Upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc., core enterprises issue accounts receivable certificates to their suppliers. The bills can be transferred between suppliers after being digitized on the chain. Each level of supplier can use the digital bill certificate to achieve the corresponding amount of financing. .

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will be effectiveReduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. “Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronicContract refers to a process, from conclusion of contract to confirmation to final execution. "Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but an integration of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, smart contract and other computer technologies. New application model. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to the characteristics of "decentralization" and "distribution" With advantages such as "automatic data storage", "traceability", "tamper resistance", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve the problems of data authenticity, security and openness in the data field. A data management environment to prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practical exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions. Empower public resource transaction management services.

Promote transaction data sharing and transaction witness

p>

Promote transaction data sharing

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. During the bid evaluation process, it is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders, and the same personnel are duplicated. Problems such as difficulty in troubleshooting as a project manager and low cost of breach of trust by transaction entities. Establishing a cross-regional entity database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger features based on blockchain can Effectively guaranteeing the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, it can reduce repeated entry operations of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the authenticity of the data flow process on the chain. The performance of bidders in the regional alliance is directly taken from the data on the chain. This makes it impossible to hide false performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

p>

Blockchain-based transaction witness

The document "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" (State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) points out the need to optimize witness, venue, Information, archives, expert extraction and other services. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing strength, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witnessing system is easy to collect data afterwards Be tampered with, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to verify each transaction The data generated in the link are solidified and stored as evidence, using timestamp technology and summary algorithms., Electronic signature technology accurately records the time, content and data source of data generation. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustainable profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become the challenges faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities.The problem. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What economic benefits can blockchain have?What about applications?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. So in the Internet, a place where data is exploding and information is exploding, how can there be such aThe place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

② What are the ecosystems of blockchain?

The application fields of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, and anti-counterfeitingTraceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger database. Its core is the essence of trust, that is, it still uses a ledger. There are records in the ledger that cannot be tampered with. To make it impossible to tamper with, its design is similar to traditional There are 2 differences in the ledger:
A signature is added to each record
Each device in the blockchain network maintains a complete and identical ledger
Another aspect of the blockchain One feature is that a copy of this general ledger is kept in each computer, and each copy is exactly the same. This ensures that if one ledger is destroyed (the disk is damaged or tampered with and becomes unavailable), the ledger will not be available on other machines. The ledger can still be used, ensuring that data will not be lost.
The above two points are the core technologies that enable blockchain to establish a trust relationship. It ensures that the data is reliable and cannot be tampered with. This revolutionary feature enables trust transfer between two strangers without the need for an intermediary agency. With participation, with this foundation, the entire "new institutional economics" will cease to exist, and even the trust companies derived from it will be replaced. This is probably why Alipay announced the introduction of blockchain technology in January 2017. , make a bold prediction that all Internet companies in the future will be built on the blockchain. It is conceivable that there are property rights chains, food safety chains, financial services chains, blockchain chains, etc.

③ Eight major ecosystems help Digital Life Chain DC become the most potential blockchain project

With the rapid development of the blockchain industry ecology, more and more projects have actually been implemented. In the future, blockchain technology will continue to accelerate its widespread application in industrial scenarios, deeply integrate with real economic industries, and form a number of "industrial blockchain" projects, which will become the application trend of blockchain technology.

In terms of market size, the scale of the global blockchain industry is growing rapidly, and application scenarios continue to expand. Thanks to its intermediation, good traceability, and difficulty in tampering, blockchain technology has profound transformation potential in finance, technology and other fields. Since 2013, blockchain application scenarios have continued to penetrate from digital currency and mining machine manufacturing to finance, supply chain, copyright, medical and other fields, providing sufficient impetus for the development of the blockchain industry. According to data, from 2013 to 2019, the global blockchain market showed steady growth as a whole, reaching US$122.26 billion in 2019.

DC’s Chinese name is Digital Life Chain, which is the world’s first pan-life digital service application platform.

DC is a full ecological platform based on and serving the life service industry. It mainly connects consumers and the life service industry to enable better communication between them and enable the service industry to serve consumers in a timely and efficient manner. The ultimate goal of blockchain technology is to meet people's needs, so DC hopes to cooperate with peopleIndustries closely related to our daily lives can embark on the fast track of blockchain development.

The DC platform is based on all the content of the industry application layer, including blockchain e-commerce, social platforms, charity, entertainment, real estate industry, tourism, electronic games, advertising precision marketing, and unifies them into society The life service platform is committed to combining blockchain technology with areas closely related to people's lives to ensure the creation of a platform for real industry implementation. Blockchain technology and digital currency wealth are no longer obscure and obscure in the clouds, but integrated into every aspect of people's lives.

In all subsequent ecosystems opened, DC will be used as a platform currency and a media currency for the payment and circulation of all ecological services, such as the payment of platform product purchase fees, the use of platform ecological functions (information release, Service fees for merchants and enterprise functions), payment for enjoyment consumption such as games, entertainment and travel, etc.

④ [Thinking about blockchain from scratch] (10) Everyone is the ecology, and the ecology is everyone

2018 is destined to be an extraordinary year for blockchain content entrepreneurship. Especially in the past two months, various content platforms have emerged. In addition to Bihu, which has been in public beta, PRI, ONO, QUNQUN, Zhibi, etc. are currently in internal beta testing.

In Dayu WeChat, one platform has several partners joining the group, and they are all frantically recruiting new promotion platforms.

What is the magic power of blockchain that makes everyone so enthusiastic and popular?

Knifefish thought of a word, ecology.

1 Multiple identities, one person, one ecosystem

In any economy in the past, we generally had only one identity, the boss was the boss, the employees were employees, and the investors were investors. , the boundaries between the parties are clear and distinct.

But in the world of blockchain, identity characteristics and boundary consciousness are blurred and homogenized. We generally play multiple roles, unified into one, living in peace and harmony.

Taking Bihu as an example, Daoyu not only contributes content and is a producer, but also browses and likes other articles, and is also a consumer. At the same time, Daoyu invests his time and energy in his works on Bihu, which has a positive impact on Bihu. Ecologically speaking, he is also an investor and platform maintainer.

Therefore, from the perspective of the role and identity of the swordfish itself, the swordfish has the roles of producer, consumer, investor, etc., all of which are carried by the swordfish in a unified manner, co-prosperity and symbiosis, and become a self-contained entity.

A saury is actually an ecosystem. It is not like in the previous production relations, where the saury is just a fixed role and a link.

2 Convergence of interests, shared ecology for everyone

In the pastIn various production relations, the interests of all parties are inconsistent. The interests between bosses and employees are inconsistent, the interests between the company and customers are inconsistent, the interests between the board of directors and management are inconsistent, and even the interests between employees are inconsistent, and so on.

Among these production relations, the most difficult thing to coordinate is the issue of interests.

People are all seeking profit. Since their interests are inconsistent with each other, it is naturally difficult to coexist.

Inconsistency of interests is the root of many problems in the company. Therefore, the resulting internal and external conflicts have caused a huge consumption of resources, and many companies have been destroyed due to this.

In such a production relationship, an organization (company) is like a fragile fishing net. Each party pulls one end and pulls it toward itself. As long as one party is too strong, it will inevitably cause an imbalance and the fishing net will break.

But in the blockchain ecosystem, no matter which party you are on, or whether you are on multiple parties, everyone’s interests are naturally the same. Everyone will be prosperous and everyone will suffer. Everyone’s energy is positive, and their hearts are They all want to make this ecosystem bigger and stronger.

For example, Bihu, in this ecosystem, whether it is the platform, content generators, or consumers, everyone wants to increase the value of the KEY in their hands, and they all want to contribute more to the Bihu ecosystem. Make some contribution.

This is not to say that everyone becomes noble as soon as they join the blockchain, but that everyone’s interests have converged and they all want to make money by expanding the ecosystem.

3 Complete closed loop, self-operating ecology

Self-motivating. There is no need for other external stimulus intervention. Incentives can be completed within the ecosystem. You work, OK, and the system will send you rewards (tokens). Everything is executed automatically. Tokens are generated by the system and require no additional payment.

Self-organizing. The blockchain efficiently organizes all participants in the ecosystem through smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, TOKEN, etc., forming a self-contained system without external force or external demands. All parties within the organization perform their respective duties and work together to build and maintain the ecosystem.

Self-running. All operations are completed within the system, and the maintainers of the ecosystem, whether miners, nodes, etc., do it on their own and voluntarily. No one forces it, and there is no need for external intervention.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, it has been operating safely for 9 years, and its lifespan has exceeded that of many enterprises. The most awesome thing is that Bitcoin has not established any special maintenance organization, has not hired a single employee, and has not paid 1 cent of operating expenses. This is an awesome scene that has never appeared in human history. Bitcoin’s current market value is 1,000 More than 100 million US dollars, exceeding the market value of most listed companies.

Therefore, in the blockchain ecosystem, all incentives, organizations, and operations do not require external forces.It can be done within.

This is completely different from the previous production relations. The previous incentives, organization and operation had to rely on external forces, such as manpower, power, money, punishment, etc. outside the system.

4 Consensus co-construction, everyone is the ecosystem

Consensus is the core competitiveness of the blockchain and one of the greatest values. It is precisely because of the consensus that we come together, gather in a project, gather in the blockchain system, and form an ecosystem together.

In this system, everyone is the ecology, the ecology is everyone, and every participant is a part of the ecological co-construction. In this ecosystem, it is truly everyone for one and one for everyone.

Unlike previous production relations, everyone is in a tense superior-subordinate relationship and a competitive relationship. Everyone is in danger and wants to maximize their own interests. It is usually a zero-sum game.

In the everyone-to-people ecosystem of the blockchain, it is not that human nature has changed and everyone is no longer selfish, but that the environment has changed, the system has changed, and the ecology has changed. Individuals naturally change with the general environment and ecology.

Everyone still pursues maximization of interests, but this is based on the maximization of ecological interests and the interests of everyone's mutual prosperity.

In the governance system, the blockchain increases the cost of people doing evil, reduces the possibility of people doing evil, and at the same time increases the interests of people doing good. This decrease and increase complete the ecological innovation. , fundamentally changed the previous model of production relations.

In this way, everyone is in the game, coexisting and prospering with each other, forming a complete and upward ecology.

In such an ecosystem, no one will come out to cause trouble or cause trouble for you.

⑤ How extensive is the scope of blockchain?

The breadth of blockchain is just like the Internet. The future trend is increasingly towards blockchain. To be honest, there are many now. Binance chain, Binance Smart chain, etc. are all practical applications of blockchain.

⑥ What are the ecosystems of blockchain?

The development of cryptocurrency to this day has made "blockchain technology" popular, and the development of blockchain technology has become what everyone expects. In our country, both giant companies such as BATJ (Network, Alibaba, Tencent, JD.com) and "new emerging companies" such as Didi and OFO are actively exploring blockchain technology. Throughout the world, Walmart, Mastercard,
IBM, and giant automobile manufacturers are all trying to use blockchain technology to solve industry pain points. In addition, there are companies such as Japan's Kodak that are in decline and hope to fight a "turnaround" through blockchain.
What do these phenomena indicate? Blockchain technology, has very great commercial value, and everyone hopes to open up a new world in this unknown land. Therefore, with the development of blockchain technology this year, it is no longer just a simple underlying technology, but has formed a complete ecosystem. Below we will tell you about it from the two aspects of "currency circle" and "chain circle" Let’s talk about: What is the blockchain ecosystem like? Let’s take you to understand the whole picture of the blockchain industry.
Section 1: Currency Circle
In the currency circle, these terms are always important: project parties, exchanges, media, and mining machine manufacturers. Next, let’s take a detailed inventory of how Something happened.
1. Project Party
The project party in the currency circle can be understood this way: anyone who issues tokens is the project party. Note, it is a currency circle. There are also some project parties that do not issue coins, such as Alibaba, Tencent, and NetEase, which are also working on blockchain projects. They do not issue coins and only focus on technology. What about these project parties that do not issue coins? It mainly focuses on the role of blockchain in data security and supply chain, which we will mention later.
Going back to the topic of project parties in the currency circle, for example, the recently controversial Elastos and the previous Tron are all project parties in the currency circle, as well as the recently popular blockchain games. They also belong to the currency circle project side when it comes to earning tokens in games.
A subversive aspect of the currency circle project is that it combines the project and the token, directly replacing the equity with the token, and the token can be directly circulated. This is a very revolutionary feature that allows many initial projects to more easily raise funds. After financing, the feedback tokens can be circulated on digital currency trading platforms, and investors can also exit well.
This "financing-investment" approach seems to be another way to realize the circulation of equity listings and transactions in disguise.
So, it is this kind of model that makes the currency circle project team the place closest to money. It is easy for them to trap money. Of course, it is also easy for them to be tempted, or have planned for a long time, and run away after trapping money. road. The detailed process for project parties to issue tokens is generally as follows:
The first step is to make a token system, which is similar to making an app application. This is not very complicated because Ethereum is open source. Similar to Android and Apple systems, developers can develop specific applications on it;
The second step is to write a white paper, which is similar to a business plan. The white paper is similar to a business plan and mainly includes the team situation of the project. , technical status and other information;
The third step is to find someone to endorse and find some influential industry figures to promote it;
The fourth step is to start promotion and marketing, find some blockchain media to promote Soft articles, cooperation, we will mention this below;
The fifth step is to find financing;
The sixth step is to go to the exchange, and the token begins to spread widely.
2. Exchange
After talking about the project side, let’s talk about the exchange. If the project party isProducers, then, the things they produce have to be sold and traded, right? The exchange is a trading place for project party tokens. If the project team's token is similar to a stock, then the exchange in the currency circle is similar to the secondary market of the stock market. It’s just that exchanges in the currency circle have more power. They have the right to review currency listings and can decide to list or delist currencies.
Of course, if the project team wants to list the currency, it has to pay a huge fee to the exchange for listing the currency. When investors trade in the exchange, they also need to pay handling fees or withdrawal fees. Each exchange has handling fee and withdrawal fee rules. Not all the same. In fact, listing fees, handling fees, and withdrawal fees constitute the profit model of cryptocurrency exchanges. Of course, in addition to these three profit models, the exchange’s profit models also include: “market maker” business to earn price differences, That is, the exchange creates liquidity through continuous buying and selling, acts as a market maker, and earns business spreads at the same time.
Currently, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the industry, listing fees and handling fees will become less and less, or even unnecessary, so regular profits will account for less and less, and other profits will appear. Model, for example: platform currency, leverage fee. Let’s talk about platform coins first. Platform coins are coins issued by exchanges: OKB and Binance Coin are platform coins. These platform coins issued by exchanges can be exchanged for BTC and ETH. At the same time, the increase in the value of the platform coins themselves can lay a solid foundation for the development of the exchange. For users, holding platform currency can enjoy benefits such as handling fee discounts, platform dividends, and special activities of the exchange. This is the platform currency. The leverage fee is the currency financing function on the platform, which supports margin trading and charges a certain percentage of handling fees to currency financing users.
The above mentioned are actually ecosystems built through the exchange’s own resource output. Now, exchanges are actively deploying the entire industry to obtain income, such as establishing capital, mining pools, wallets, incubators, engineering academies, funds, etc. We believe that if the exchange wants to develop in the long term, it must deploy the entire industry chain, find new hot spots in the industry, and build a complete ecosystem. Therefore, it must increase the proportion of strategic profits.
3. Blockchain Media
In the past two years when blockchain has become popular, not only have there been many project parties, but also media have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain. Currently, there are about 200 well-known blockchain media. Go home. The content on the blockchain media platform probably revolves around the following points: policies, hackers, exchanges, bosses, and project parties. In addition to text, the operation method of blockchain media also includes community activities, such as inviting “big guys” to join the group to share. In this way, high-quality content can be accumulated and some traffic can be earned at the same time.
Why must we mention blockchain media? It’s because there are actually some differences between blockchain media and the media in our impressions. What's the difference? The difference is that there are some interests between the blockchain media and the project parties and exchanges mentioned above. We just said that the project party is like a "producer".The exchange is like a "sales market", so the role played by the media is like an "advertising platform". If a project wants to sell well, it needs publicity and advertising, so blockchain media plays such a role. Therefore, the investors of some blockchain media are now project parties and exchanges.
The recent period has been a bear market, and many blockchain media have laid off large-scale layoffs. The reason is simply a shortage of projects and insufficient funds. Therefore, if blockchain media simply relies on investment from project parties and exchanges, as well as advertising revenue, it is actually far from enough. When the bear market comes and project parties and exchanges are affected, then the media will inevitably face a very serious situation. Brutal winter. Therefore, many blockchain media are now also issuing tokens to project parties (the most typical ones are content communities such as Bihu and Biche, which both belong to a media platform and issue tokens to project parties), or some Blockchain media is doing business such as wallets and selling mining machines and renting computing power.
However, we believe that blockchain media, as a media, still plays a role in guiding public opinion after all. Therefore, it is still necessary to return to the essence and be a place to transmit industry value information, rather than a place to pile up advertisements. Therefore, blockchain media should still keep up with the development of technology to achieve its own survival and development, relying on the advantages of blockchain technology and based on the consensus mechanism in the token system to achieve a reasonable distribution of interests in the media industry. In this aspect, there may be some room for imagination.
4. Mining machine manufacturers
Bitcoin mining is ultimately a competition for computing power. Whoever has stronger computing power has a greater chance of mining Bitcoin. Therefore, in the entire business system of the currency circle, mining machine manufacturers are an existence that cannot be ignored. Let’s look at a piece of data and we’ll know: In the blockchain industry on the Hurun Report 2018, the richest person is Mr. Zhan Ketuan, a partner from the mining machine manufacturer Bitmain. In addition, according to the prospectus, Bitmain’s net profit in the first half of the year was US$743 million, an increase of nearly 8 times year-on-year. It once occupied more than 70% of the global Bitcoin mining machine market share and became the leader in the mining machine industry. Not only mining machines, Bitmain still occupies a near-monopoly position in mining pools (that is, a cooperative mining model): as of now, the top six mining pools in the world account for 79.2% of the computing power.
Another company that researches mining machine chips - "Canaan", after inventing China's first Bitcoin mining machine, began to engage in research on chips in the fields of blockchain and artificial intelligence. In just a few years In 2008, it also became an internationally renowned chip company.
In fact, as early as 2012, the United States announced that it would release a butterfly mining machine. However, this matter was later considered by many people to be a scam, because the butterfly mining machine was delayed for several years before being released. In the past few years, It has also made the research and development of mining machines in other countries very frightened, and they are all scrambling for time. In a sense, the butterfly mining machine can be regarded as driving the prosperity of the mining machine industry. So, by 2013, mining machines had already entered aIn the season of blooming flowers, a large number of ASIC mining machines have been proposed: either announced research and development, or announced pre-sale, or appeared in the form of spot: Roasted Cat Mining Machine, Pigeon Mining Machine, TMR Mining Machine, Biter Mining Machine, Rand Mining Bureau, Little Bee Mining Machine, Avalon Original Factory and various OEMs, Garden Mining Machine, Smart Mining Machine, etc... Maybe you have never heard of these mining machines, because these are basically After his death, Bitmain, Canaan, and Yibang remained, becoming mining giants.
However, as a derivative industry under the prosperity of the cryptocurrency market, the price of mining machines is closely related to the cryptocurrency market: in the bull market, mining machines are often in short supply, and miners pay several times higher prices to buy from "scalpers" It is not uncommon to buy mining machines. At this time, mining machine manufacturers have entered a bonus period. But in a bear market, mining machine manufacturers will also be affected by some adverse effects. Miners' enthusiasm for mining wanes, and some manufacturers have to lower the price of mining machines to recover costs. For example, when Bitcoin plummeted in March this year, a certain model of mining machine sold by Huaqiangbei was sold at a price reduction of 5,000 yuan. The price dropped from about 19,000 yuan per unit to
14,000 yuan.
[Summary]
At this point, we can find that whether it is the project party, the exchange, the media, or the mining machine, it can be said to be a relationship in which “one prospers, one loses, and both suffer”. In the bull market, the project party gets financing to issue tokens, and then goes to the exchange. The exchange earns the token listing fees and transaction fees. The increase in the token net worth can also allow the project party to make another profit, and then find the media to advertise, and the media earns Advertising fees, then the currency price will be high, the enthusiasm of miners will be high, and the mining machines will be sold well. But in the bear market, it is completely the opposite sign. Everyone is facing a cold winter, so this is a relationship of "one prosperes, one loses, and both suffer".
The currency circle is introduced here first, let’s introduce the chain circle next.
Section 2 Chain Circle
Chain circle refers to the circle that focuses on blockchain technology. Compared with the currency circle, the chain circle is quite low-key. However, without the technical support of the chain circle, the currency circle cannot exist. Therefore, the chain circle is often ignored, but in fact it is very important. The implementation of future blockchain scenarios will also rely on the technology of the chain circle as a support.
At present, the Chain Circle project mainly focuses on the aspect of data security in the supply chain. We mentioned at the beginning that Wal-Mart, Mastercard, IBM, and those giant automobile manufacturers are trying to use blockchain technology to solve some industry pain points involving data security, such as: the circulation safety of fresh food, vaccines Security, transaction data security, copyright protection, etc.
In terms of supply chain, the most typical example is the express delivery industry. SF Express is currently trying to use blockchain technology to solve pharmaceutical logistics safety. In addition, Alibaba is actively deploying blockchain in Xiongan New Area; Tencent, Internet, NetEase, and JD.com have developed a number of online games based on blockchain. Although these projects are not yet very mature, they have enriched the blockchainThe business model of the chain provides some relatively broad imagination space.
When it comes to imagination, for the blockchain community, it actually mainly revolves around the topic of "Blockchain+": Blockchain+Finance, Blockchain+Insurance, Blockchain+Agriculture, Blockchain + entertainment, blockchain + artificial intelligence, blockchain + and any other industry... To put it bluntly, it is the implementation of blockchain scenarios. Turning these imaginations into reality is like spreading the Internet to thousands of households. The same as the household.
[Summary]
Blockchain, the underlying technology, was actually a currency system at first, serving Bitcoin. However, as it develops today, this technology has evolved into an idea of ​​change and innovation. Or methods, these ideas and methods are indeed solutions to some pain points in the current Internet era.

⑦ What disruptions does blockchain bring and why can it become a national strategy?

The disruptive characteristics of blockchain lie in the following four aspects: 1. Transparency. The data records of the blockchain system are transparent to the entire network nodes, and the update operations of the data records are also transparent to the entire network nodes. This is the basis for the trust of the blockchain system. Since the blockchain system uses open source programs, open rules and high participation, blockchain data records and operating rules can be reviewed and traced by nodes throughout the network, with high transparency.
2. Openness. The blockchain system is open. Except for the private information of the parties directly related to the data, which is always encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone (except for blockchain systems with special permission requirements). Anyone or participating nodes can query blockchain data records or develop related applications through public interfaces, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information of the blockchain system is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed (except for systems such as private blockchains with special change requirements). Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
4. Decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of blockchain, which means that blockchain no longer relies on central processing nodes and realizes distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In a traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the entire system. However, in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the entire network or more than 5% of the nodes in the network. It's just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year of commercial application of blockchain technology, and favorable policy incentives will make the development of blockchain technology more stable.
As the application of blockchain technology gradually penetrates into many fields such as digital finance and the Internet, everyone has a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain.
Blockchain has formed a global competition situation. All countries are seizing development opportunities, and China cannot lag behind; therefore, it is understandable that blockchain has become a national strategy.