区块链与金融治理体系现代化的关系,区块链与金融的融合

随着科技的发展，区块链技术已被广泛应用于金融领域，它为金融治理体系的现代化提供了可能性。区块链技术的应用可以改变金融治理体系的结构和功能，从而实现金融治理体系的现代化。

首先，区块链技术可以提高金融治理体系的安全性。区块链技术采用分布式账本技术，可以有效防止金融欺诈和恶意攻击，确保金融交易的安全性。区块链技术还可以提高金融治理体系的透明度，通过提供可信的数据和信息，可以更好地监督金融活动，减少金融欺诈行为。

其次，区块链技术可以改善金融治理体系的效率。区块链技术可以加快金融交易的处理速度，减少金融交易所需的时间和成本，提高金融治理体系的效率。同时，区块链技术还可以提高金融治理体系的可操作性，可以更好地满足金融服务的需求，更加灵活地满足客户的需求。

最后，区块链技术可以实现金融治理体系的融合。区块链技术可以实现跨行业、跨国家的金融治理体系的融合，改善金融治理体系的可操作性和可扩展性，更好地满足金融服务的需求。

总之，区块链技术为金融治理体系的现代化提供了可能性。它可以提高金融治理体系的安全性、效率和可操作性，并实现金融治理体系的融合，从而实现金融治理体系的现代化。

因此，金融机构应该加大对区块链技术的研究力度，以更好地实现金融治理体系的现代化。

『一』Using political life knowledge to explain how blockchain empowers social governance

Blockchain technology can make citizens’ political participation more convenient and smooth. This protects citizens’ rights to know, participate, express and supervise.
Blockchain technology can facilitate the government to accept supervision, create a sunshine government, and safeguard the interests of the people.
It enables decision-making organs to master sufficient public opinion information to make scientific and democratic decisions.
Blockchain technology can promote the modernization of national governance systems and governance capabilities.
It is not easy to summarize, I hope you will adopt it.

『二』What is blockchain technology and how it changes business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology. It allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improving efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for commercial activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchainIt is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

『三』 What is the current situation and prospect analysis of the development of the Internet of Things in my country

From 2006 to 2020, the application of the Internet of Things will move from closed loop and fragmented Open and large-scale, smart cities, industrial Internet of Things, Internet of Vehicles, etc. are the first to make breakthroughs. The scale of China's Internet of Things industry continues to increase, and the industry scale maintains rapid growth. The industry scale in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong provinces all exceeds 100 billion yuan.

As of 2019, the size of my country’s Internet of Things market has grown to 1.5 trillion yuan. The huge market demand in the future will bring rare development opportunities and broad development space to the Internet of Things.

In recent years, the Chinese government has issued various policies to vigorously develop the Internet of Things industry. Many local governments have also issued special plans, action plans and development opinions for the Internet of Things, ranging from land use, infrastructure facilities, tax incentives, Core technologies and application fields provide policy support for the development of the Internet of Things industry. A series of application pilots and demonstrations have been carried out in the fields of industrial automatic control, environmental protection, medical and health, public safety and other fields, and preliminary progress has been made.

At present, the scale of my country's Internet of Things industry has reached one trillion yuan. The scale of China's Internet of Things industry has exceeded expectations, and network construction and application promotion have achieved outstanding results. Driven by national strategies such as network power and new infrastructure, China has accelerated the construction of IPv6, NB-IoT, 5G and other networks. The consumer Internet of Things and industrial Internet of Things have gradually begun to be applied on a large scale, and breakthroughs have been made in the development of 5G, Internet of Vehicles and other fields.

Policies promote the rapid development of my country's Internet of Things

Since the issuance of the "Special Action Plan for the Development of the Internet of Things" in 2013, the state has encouraged the application of Internet of Things technology to promote the development of production, life and social management methods. The shift in the direction of intelligence, refinement, and networking is important for improving the informatization level of the national economy and social life, improving the level of social management and public services, driving the development of related disciplines and enhancing technological innovation capabilities, and promoting the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of development methods. significance.

The fourth industrial revolution, characterized by digitalization, networking, and intelligence, is emerging. As a product of the deep integration of new generation information technology and manufacturing, the Internet of Things builds a new manufacturing and service system that fully connects all factors, the entire industry chain, and the entire value chain through the comprehensive interconnection of people, machines, and things. It is a digital The way to realize transformation is the key force to realize the conversion of old and new kinetic energy.

——The above data comes from the "Market Demand and Investment Forecast Analysis Report on Application Fields of China's Internet of Things Industry" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

『四』digits In the economic era, blockchain innovation application scenarios continue to expand

In the digital economy era, blockchain, as a new driving force for economic growth, is leading a new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation. At present, blockchain is developing rapidly and penetrating into all areas of our country’s economy. It not only strengthens the resource allocation capabilities of the digital economy, but also plays a vital role in promoting high-quality economic development and improving the country’s economy.The modernization of national governance systems and governance capabilities is of great significance.

Blockchain is the new engine driving digital development

As the role of blockchain in the digital economy grows, its innovative applications continue to expand. According to the "China Mobile Internet Development Report (2021)", "There were nearly 2,000 blockchain projects across the country last year, and the blockchain market size exceeded 3.2 billion yuan."

China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Industrial Internet and Liu Yang, deputy chief engineer of the Internet of Things Research Institute, once said that blockchain is a trust infrastructure necessary for the development of economic activities. It provides inclusive public services for finance, agriculture, industry, energy and other industries and the public. It is also a Collaboration tools, transforming production relations, and integrating with the real economy will improve collaboration efficiency and reduce costs.

In fact, blockchain is called "the next generation of Internet-level technology" because of its disruptive innovation, and is considered the most revolutionary among strategic emerging technologies. In October 2019, blockchain was elevated to a national strategic level. In April 2020, blockchain was included in the new infrastructure and was listed as one of the seven "key digital economy industries" in the "14th Five-Year Plan". In the future, blockchain will usher in new opportunities for innovation and development.

However, Zhang Chao said that currently, data governance on the blockchain is still a huge challenge at a global level. First, data governance requires a clear regulatory subject, but in blockchains or distributed ledgers (or public chains) other than alliance chains, a relatively clear object may not be found as a regulatory subject; secondly, due to the The data on the chain cannot be easily tampered with, which means that during the data governance process, the rights of the data owner to modify and delete the data may not be fully protected.

Blockchain innovative application scenarios continue to expand

Driven by favorable policies and market demand, blockchain innovative application scenarios continue to expand. In recent years, in addition to the two major outbreak scenarios of finance and government affairs, there is even more promise in empowering the field of rule of law. On the one hand, the multi-faceted and multi-field application of "blockchain + rule of law" can effectively improve the efficiency of rule of law construction; on the other hand, blockchain technology can also help public prosecutors and law enforcement agencies crack new criminal cases.

Industry insiders believe that based on the analysis and tracking of massive on-chain data, blockchain technology provides governments, enterprises and users with on-chain data monitoring, transaction maps and on-chain address analysis. For suspected criminal activities such as virtual currency, the blockchain browser provides on-chain data tracking to combat virtual currency crimes, maintain national financial security, and provide "blockchain power" for the construction of Digital China.

『Wu』How to use modern information technology such as blockchain to improve the digitalization level of supply chain finance

In recent years, supply chain finance has been encouraged by many policies at the national level and is a service provider in my country.An important starting point for the real economy and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. On July 6, 2019, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on Promoting Supply Chain Financial Services to Serve the Real Economy", requiring banking and insurance institutions to rely on core supply chain enterprises to provide upstream and downstream chain enterprises with A package of comprehensive financial services such as financing, settlement, and cash management. In September 2020, eight departments including the central bank, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Opinions on Regulating the Development of Supply Chain Finance to Support the Stable Cycle and Optimization and Upgrading of the Supply Chain Industrial Chain", requiring financial institutions and entities to strengthen information sharing and collaboration to improve The online and digital level of supply chain financing has improved the efficiency of accounts receivable financing for small, medium and micro enterprises, and has become a programmatic document for the development of supply chain finance in my country. The 2021 Government Work Report separately mentions "innovative supply chain financial service models" for the first time, which means that the development of supply chain finance has become a national strategy. It can be seen from this that the state emphasizes on the service model to play the credit transmission role of core enterprises based on the authenticity of trade; on the application of technology, it encourages the role of blockchain, big data, Internet of Things and other technologies , monitor the flow of information such as property rights and claims in the industrial chain to solve the problem of business credit risk management and control.
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the accounts receivable of my country's industrial enterprises above designated size exceeded 16 trillion yuan in 2020, an increase of 15.1% from the end of 2019; the inventory of finished products reached 4.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. The balance of accounts receivable continues to increase nationwide, and the proportion of liquid assets also continues to rise. Problems such as slowdown in corporate working capital turnover, high financing pressure, and high liquidity risks in accounts receivable cannot be effectively alleviated, which to a large extent affects The healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the good operation of the economy. It is urgent to solve the working capital pressure of real enterprises, especially the financing problems of small, medium and micro enterprises. "Ask the easy questions and solve the difficult ones." To solve the financing problems of small, medium and micro enterprises, we must first solve the problem of mutual trust between banks and enterprises in the industrial chain, and truly realize that the information on financial services and business operations is well-founded, verifiable and consistent. Returning to the essence of blockchain is actually to use technologies such as data encryption, multi-party verification, and blockchain storage to solve problems such as difficulty in verifying the authenticity of assets and trade information between buyers and sellers in the industry chain, and high cost of credit assessment; through blockchain technology To optimize the production relations of the inclusive financial ecosystem and accelerate the improvement of supply chain financial innovation service models and service capabilities.
According to the "Blockchain Financial Application Development White Paper (2020)" released by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Technology Research Institute, supply chain finance regards the core enterprises in the supply chain and its related upstream and downstream enterprises as a whole. Relying on core enterprises and taking real trade as the premise, we use self-reimbursement trade financing to provide comprehensive financial products and services to upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. By observing the current development of supply chain finance business, we found that its large-scale substantial advancement still faces many difficulties.
Multiple levels of credit transmission are blocked. Subject to corporate reputation and traditional financialIn order to meet the requirements of financial risk control, most financial institutions and core enterprises’ self-built supply chain financial platforms mainly focus on the first-level upstream and downstream enterprises of core enterprises, but can truly target the second-level, third-level up to N-level upstream and downstream enterprises, and can The real trade links of core enterprises are credit endorsements, and very few carry out financing business. Under existing business operations, we often face situations where core enterprises or key enterprises are not proactive and unwilling to cooperate in confirming rights. The reason is that there is often no direct trade relationship between core enterprises and N-level enterprises, and core enterprises in a strong position are not willing to cooperate; there are also problems such as high frequency of rights confirmation, cumbersome offline operations, and concerns about the leakage of commercial secrets. Therefore, small, medium and micro enterprises in the industrial chain cannot solve their own financing problems with the help of core enterprise credit and trade flow information, and the credit "watering" of core enterprises only reaches first-level upstream and downstream enterprises. Blockchain has the characteristics of distributed ledger, transparent traceability, automatic execution of smart contracts and other characteristics, which has become the exploration direction of technology application to solve credit disassembly and realize multi-level credit transmission.
The authenticity of the trade is difficult to verify. Supply chain finance relies on real trade transactions to carry out financing. However, in practice, due to the lack of effective verification methods and multi-dimensional risk control data sources, it is difficult for financial institutions to know the authenticity of transaction information, and manual verification Costs remain high, resulting in information asymmetry and trust gaps between banks and enterprises. In recent years, there have been frequent news incidents of loan fraud involving companies colluding and colluding with false trade. Therefore, solving the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises has become a necessary condition for the smooth development of supply chain finance. Blockchain's multi-party maintenance of the same ledger, built-in timestamp, and non-tampering characteristics have begun to be used by industry insiders to build multi-dimensional trusted data sources to ensure the verifiability of transaction information.
Information from multiple parties in the industry chain is separated from each other and cannot be shared. The links, enterprise types, participants, etc. involved in supply chain finance are relatively complex and diverse. The information and data islands of each supply chain participant have not been effectively connected. Faced with problems such as difficulty in matching capital flow, information flow, business flow, and cargo flow, it has not been able to form a The synergistic effect of the entire industrial chain has hindered the development of supply chain finance, making it difficult and difficult to cure the stubborn problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing for small and medium-sized enterprises.
In response to the above-mentioned outstanding problems in the development of supply chain finance, my country has proposed an "innovative supply chain financial service model" at the central government level for the first time. As an emerging financial service model, industry insiders generally believe that in order to innovate the supply chain financial model, it is necessary to accelerate the digital transformation of supply chain finance, conduct business online and digitally, and use blockchain, big data and other technologies to solve trade confirmation issues. , transaction authenticity and other issues, helping financial institutions control transaction risks and build a digital trust mechanism. The key is to make the information data in supply chain financial activities credible, transparent, mutually verified and traceable.
Blockchain technology has been identified as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of national core technologies. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology positioned it as a new infrastructure in 2019 and has begun to serve the real economy on a large scale, reducing costs and increasing efficiency for the real economy. According to SaidiAccording to statistics from the Blockchain Research Institute, in 2019, blockchain accounted for 29% of the application implementation projects in the financial field, which was the highest proportion among application implementation projects in the same period, covering electronic vouchers, payment and settlement, insurance claims, and credit reporting. , lending and financing and other business scenarios. According to the "China Blockchain Development Report (2020)", it is expected that the market size of my country's blockchain core products and solutions, as well as related derivative industries, will reach 10 billion yuan by 2022. From the perspective of the technology itself, according to the "White Paper on Supply Chain Finance Based on Blockchain Technology (2020)", blockchain is a kind of data block that is connected sequentially in chronological order and combined into a chain data structure that distributes, Distributed ledger technology that is consistently stored among all participants and uses cryptography to ensure that data cannot be tampered with or forged. Blockchain is the integration of a series of technologies such as point-to-point network, data encryption, distributed data storage, and consensus mechanisms. It has the characteristics of multi-center, non-tampering, traceability, and high security. As a new cutting-edge technology, blockchain is naturally suitable for supply chain finance business scenarios involving multiple parties, and has great potential to promote supply chain finance to deeper industrial applications.
Faced with the difficulties faced by supply chain finance business development, the blockchain-based supply chain finance platform has changed the business development model in the following aspects.
Confirm the rights of basic claims. Since the logic of supply chain financial financing services is to transfer the debt claims formed based on the supply chain as a financial asset to achieve financing, it is necessary to confirm the rights of the basic claims, that is, to confirm that the basic claims have been truly generated and confirmed. Unfavorable factors that may affect the effective exercise of the underlying claims have been eliminated. Faced with the practical problem that core enterprises are unwilling to cooperate in confirming rights, the supply chain financial platform based on blockchain transforms claims into blockchain digital certificates that can be freely split, transferred for payment, and financing, which can realize accounts receivable. The circulation of payment transactions among multi-level enterprises. While ensuring the authenticity of the trade, this model is equivalent to pre-confirmation of rights. Financial institutions can directly lend money based on the blockchain digital certificate in one step online, changing the traditional offline lending model.
Achieve multi-level transmission of credit. The core of supply chain finance is credit. Only multi-level transmission of credit can effectively provide financing services to small, medium and micro enterprises based on the credit of core enterprises. Different from the traditional supply chain finance method, the credit of core enterprises can only be transmitted to first-level enterprises. Financial technologies such as blockchain are used to generate transferable digital certificates on the platform, and the underlying assets of debts and claims generated by trade are transferred through the blockchain. Generate unique digital credentials. Its block chain structure with timestamps can ensure that digital certificates cannot be tampered with, are extremely verifiable and traceable, can be transferred and split, and turn corporate credit into a tool. After multiple splits and transfers, digital certificates can clearly retain the core corporate credit, allowing the core corporate credit to be passed along trusted trade links to the end of the industrial chain. For example, after the first-tier supplier signs for the voucher issued by the core enterprise, it can be used as a certificate based on the real trade background.The payment method is transferred to the upper-level suppliers, which solves the problem that the core enterprise's credit cannot be transferred to multi-level suppliers.
Ensure the authenticity of trade. By fully recording and uploading basic materials related to trade in the supply chain - contracts, invoices, documents, funds and other information - all types of data can be shared in a timely manner. Utilizing blockchain's real-name authentication, cross-verification identity access, authentication, etc., can ensure the credibility of data sources; technical features such as multi-level encryption and signature verification can ensure data security. Combined with big data analysis technology, the authenticity of trade data can be verified through cross-validation, which can effectively reduce the verification and risk control costs of offline authenticity, build a new trust mechanism and efficient collaboration mechanism, and effectively support supply chain finance. The service covers multi-level enterprises in the supply chain, especially small, medium and micro enterprises at the end.
With the popularization of technology, the exploration of supply chain financial innovation models based on blockchain is in the ascendant. For example: Zheshang Bank cooperated with Qulian Technology in 2017 to launch the accounts receivable chain platform. The platform adopts the "blockchain + supply chain finance" model and can handle the issuance, acceptance, confirmation and payment of accounts receivable. , transfer, pledge, redemption and other businesses, converting accounts receivable into electronic payment settlement and financing tools, revitalizing the originally illiquid accounts receivable assets; Tianjin Free Trade Pilot Zone launched a blockchain-based receivable Xin Warehouse is the country's first supply chain financial innovation model that integrates warehouse receipt pledge, disposal, trading, and risk control and price locking.
As one of the important starting points for financial digital transformation, blockchain has entered a comprehensive construction stage. The original intention of building blockchain is to empower the development of industry and finance. By leveraging the role of blockchain in building digital trust, we can build new organizational relationships, create an innovative service paradigm for industrial chain finance, and actively promote the digital, intelligent, and scenario-based development of supply chain finance. , to help create an open, shared, green, efficient and credible supply chain financial ecosystem, truly solve the practical pain points of many parties in supply chain financial services, and enhance the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain.
The author is the CEO of Qulian Technology

『Lu』 What is the impact and significance of blockchain technology on society

On the morning of November 8, 2019, 2019 Credible The Blockchain Summit opened in Beijing. Wang Xinzhe, chief economist of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shang Bing, chairman of the Internet Society of China, attended the opening ceremony of the summit and delivered speeches.

Wang Xinzhe pointed out that a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation characterized by accelerated innovation and integration of information technology is booming. Blockchain technology is important for promoting high-quality economic development, improving national governance systems and The modernization level of governance capabilities is of great significance.

(6) Blockchain and modernization of financial governance system Extended reading:

Wang Xinzhe emphasized that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology attaches great importance to the blockchain technology industry development work, by creating a good development environment, guiding local governments to accelerate the pace of exploration, supporting breakthroughs in key core technologies, promoting the implementation of industry applications, and building and improving standard systems, etc.Various methods support the development of the blockchain technology industry and solidify the development foundation of China's blockchain field.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will accelerate the innovative development of the blockchain technology industry, vigorously promote the deep integration of blockchain and economy and society, and give full play to the role of blockchain technology in driving technological breakthroughs, driving economic development, and promoting It plays a strategic role in improving people's livelihood and promoting social progress, and makes positive contributions to the realization of the "Two Centenary Goals" and the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.