通俗的讲区块链

近几年，区块链技术成为了热点话题，它被认为是一种可以改变世界的技术。那么，什么是区块链呢？

区块链是一种分布式数据库，它是由一系列互相联系的数据块组成的，每一个数据块都包含有一些数据，这些数据可以是交易记录，智能合约或其他任何类型的信息。每一个数据块都有一个唯一的哈希值，它可以被用来跟踪数据块的历史记录。

区块链技术的最大优势在于它具有去中心化的特性，这意味着没有任何一个中心机构来控制它，它是完全分布式的。这也意味着，它是完全透明的，所有的交易都可以被公开查看，这使得区块链技术非常安全，因为没有人可以欺骗它。

区块链技术不仅仅可以用于货币交易，它还可以用于许多其他的应用，比如供应链管理，知识产权管理，数据共享，智能合约等等。它可以被用于改善传统的业务流程，提高效率，降低成本。

总而言之，区块链技术是一种具有重大潜力的技术，它可以改变我们的日常生活，改变我们的社会结构。它有可能改变世界，改变未来，并且将会是未来的重要技术。

㈠ Briefly explain what blockchain is

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

On January 10, 2019, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations". On October 24, 2019, during the 18th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “blockchain should be used as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies” and “accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation.” . "Blockchain" has entered the public eye and become the focus of society.

On December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten buzzwords of 2019 by "Biwenqiezi".

(1) Extended reading on blockchain in layman’s terms:

Blockchain financial applications:

Since 2016, Major financial giants have also taken notice and launched blockchain innovation projects one after another to explore the possibility of applying blockchain technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin Group took the lead in pioneering the “blockchain+” standard digital currency.

The standard digital currency is an asset that has been identified, evaluated, confirmed, insured, etc. by a third-party organization and written into the blockchain through rigorous digital algorithms to form a standard correspondence between the asset and the digital currency. relationship, called a standard digital currency.

In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations of people have been striving for, Puyin Group will Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou on the 9th;

At the meeting, the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the blockchain financial transaction model, and the relationship between blockchain services and blockchain services will be discussed. The application of social public industries will be discussed. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the transformation and development of a new financial ecosystem.

㈡ What does blockchain mean?

1. Blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption New application models of computer technology such as algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each The data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next guess block.

2. In layman’s terms, blocksChain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao.

3. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period and write down his recorded content. Ledger, and the contents of the ledger will be sent to all other people in the system for backup during this period. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.

㈢What is the popular explanation of blockchain?

The popular explanation of blockchain is a chain composed of blocks one after another. Each block stores a certain amount of information, and they are connected into a chain in the order in which they were generated.
This chain is saved in all servers. As long as one server in the entire system can work, the entire blockchain is safe. These servers are called nodes in the blockchain system, and they provide storage space and computing power support for the entire blockchain system. If you want to modify the information in the blockchain, you must obtain the consent of more than half of the nodes and modify the information in all nodes. These nodes are usually in the hands of different subjects, so it is extremely difficult to tamper with the information in the blockchain. thing. Compared with traditional networks, blockchain has two core characteristics: first, data is difficult to tamper with, and second, it is decentralized. Based on these two characteristics, the information recorded in the blockchain is more authentic and reliable, and can help solve the problem of people's mutual distrust.

㈣ What is blockchain in simple terms

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeability", "whole process traceability", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.
On January 10, 2019, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations". Blockchain has entered the public eye and become the focus of society. From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many technological issues such as mathematics, cryptography, the Internet, and computer programming.
Extended information:
From an application perspective, in short, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which is decentralized, non-tampering, traceable, traceable, and collective. Maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for establishing trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the fact that blockchain can solve the problem of information asymmetry.Achieve cooperation, trust and collaborative action among multiple entities.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Essentially, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks associated with cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next data block [8]. In fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English Bitcoin white paper, but blockchain. In the Chinese translation of the earliest Bitcoin white paper [9], blockchain was translated into blockchain language. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

㈤ An easy-to-understand explanation of what blockchain is

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be inextricable. Tamper-proof and unforgeable distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain classification

1. Public

Public Block Chains (Public Block Chains) refer to: any Individuals or groups can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is only one blockchain corresponding to this currency in the world. .

2. Consortium

Industry Block Chains (Consortium Block Chains): Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and each block is generated by all The pre-selected nodes jointly decide (the pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process). Other access nodes can participate in the transaction, but do not participate in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but it becomes distributed accounting. How to determine the number of pre-selected nodes? The bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), and anyone else can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.

㈥What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the basis of Bitcoin. underlying technology. Blockchain is a sequence of numbers associated using cryptographic methods.Data block, each data block contains the information of a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The blockchain is public on the Internet and can be queried in every offline Bitcoin wallet data. The functionality of a Bitcoin wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations before it can proceed. Lightweight Bitcoin wallets use online confirmations, which means they do not download blockchain data to device storage.
Bitcoin’s many altcoins also use the same design, with slightly different proof-of-work and algorithms. Such as: Proof of Stake, SCrypt, etc.

㈦ What is blockchain

[Definition]

Blockchain refers to collective maintenance through decentralization and trustlessness. A technical solution for a reliable database. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system over a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.

Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology. Blockchain technology can be implemented through many programming languages ​​and architectures. . There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by the author who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto (Satoshi Nakamoto) individual (or group). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.

[Popular explanation]

No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.

If we think of the databaseXiangcheng is a ledger: for example, Alipay is a very typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select within a period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, to select the person with the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting, and he will combine the changes in the database during this period with Changes in the ledger are recorded in a block. We can imagine this block as a page of paper. After confirming that the record is correct, the system will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this paper, and then This piece of paper is sent to everyone else in the entire system. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.

Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.

[Elements]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, which we will consider as private blockchain technology (private chain).

1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)

2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)

3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)

4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)

[Characteristics]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless ), collective maintenance (Collectively maintain), reliable database (Reliable Database). And the four characteristics will lead to two other characteristics: open source (Open Source) and privacy protection (Anonymity). If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.

Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect it. operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.

Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , therefore within the rule range and time range specified by the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.

Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.

Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.

Open Source: Since the operating rules of the entire system must be open and transparent, for the program, the entire system must be open source.

Privacy protection (Anonymity): Since nodes do not need to trust each other, there is no need to disclose their identities between nodes. The privacy of each participating node in the system is protected. protected.

㈧ How to express the popular blockchain concept in a layman's terms

Blockchain in layman's terms is a large database, blocks---data packets, which will be used one by one. Associated packets are concatenated to form aVirtual shared “ledger”. The image metaphor is similar to the accounting book of a unit (company), which records various data in business activities. However, this kind of ledger is not unique to a certain unit, but is shared by all units participating in business activities. This ledger is not a storage On a central server, but distributed among the terminals of all relevant units, everyone can share relevant information, and can also graft and update information, but cannot tamper with it. The public key and private key can be used to open information, and any new input of terminal information will also be automatically stored in the "account books" of other related terminals.
Blockchain is a network data system that is based on hash function calculation and network information technology, and uses a distributed network as its skeleton to implement data encryption, transmission, and storage. Its core is decentralization, and its manifestation is that network endpoints are arranged in a distributed manner. Its purpose is to realize the value sharing of data. Its main significance is that the Internet has transformed from information interconnection in the past to value interconnection, or called: value Internet.
Philosophically understanding blockchain is the reconstruction of the real world in the virtual world. This reconstruction is not a direct reflection, mapping or mirroring, but a selective reconstruction. This reconstruction is not limited to the reconstruction of economic activities, it will extend to the reconstruction and operation of various activities such as political, social, military, cultural, knowledge, and credit systems.

㈨ What does blockchain mean and how to understand it?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related data generated using cryptography methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Notes

1. Blockchain Originated from Bitcoin, on November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on P2P network technology, encryption technology, The architectural concepts of electronic cash systems such as timestamp technology and blockchain technology mark the birth of Bitcoin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

2. In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China’s economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations have been striving for, Puyin Group launched the Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou on the 9thAt the meeting, discussions will be held on the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, blockchain financial transaction models, and the application of blockchain services and social public industries.