区块链沈长军,区块链技术大咖

区块链技术大咖沈长军，在区块链领域有着深厚的学术背景和丰富的实践经验。他曾经参与过多个区块链项目的研究和实施，也参加了多次国内外的区块链峰会和论坛，其在区块链技术领域的研究成果备受赞誉。

沈长军认为，区块链技术是一种全新的分布式计算技术，它能够有效地解决分布式系统中的安全性、可扩展性和可信任性问题。区块链技术的核心思想是把数据和逻辑分布到不同的节点上，通过对网络中的节点进行有效的控制，来实现数据的安全存储和可靠的交易。

沈长军认为，区块链技术的发展有三个重要的方向：一是技术方面的发展，二是应用方面的发展，三是政策方面的发展。在技术方面，要推动区块链技术的发展，需要研究其底层的技术，比如算法的优化、网络的安全性、共识机制的研究等；在应用方面，要推动区块链技术的发展，需要研究如何将区块链技术应用到更多的领域，比如金融、智能合约、医疗保健等；在政策方面，要推动区块链技术的发展，需要研究如何制定合理的政策，比如制定更加科学的监管体系、更加完善的数据保护机制等。

总之，沈长军认为，要推动区块链技术的发展，需要研究其底层技术、应用到更多领域以及制定合理的政策。只有这样，才能够有效地推动区块链技术的发展，让它在更多的领域发挥作用，为人们的生活带来更多的便利。

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1. Alipay, WeChat and QR code scanning are popular. In what direction will ATM machines develop? Will they be marginalized?

ATM machines have been marginalized, not whether they will be marginalized. Marginalization.

Taking myself as an example, as long as you can scan the QR code to pay, 100% of the scan QR codes will be used to pay, and cash will never be used.

The most troublesome thing about using cash is that, for example, you buy a bag of salt and give 100 yuan to the supermarket, and then the supermarket gives you 97.50 yuan in change. It must be 7 one-dollar coins plus 5 dime coins. , extremely inconvenient to carry.

Scanning QR codes to pay is now so comprehensive that it has penetrated into every aspect of life. For example, when I go to work and take the subway in the morning, Tiantian Citizen scans the QR code to pay online, orders takeout online to pay at noon, and goes home to buy groceries in the afternoon and pays via WeChat.

In terms of transfer and payment, ATM machines are obviously not as convenient as mobile APPs.

In other words, there is almost no need to use cash in life. Since there is no need to use cash, there is no need to go to the ATM machine to withdraw cash, and there is no need to go to the ATM machine to transfer, pay, inquire, etc., so it is bound to be Marginalized, eliminated.

For example: When I used to give living allowances to my parents, I would withdraw a large stack of cash before the Chinese New Year every year, and then go home and give it to my two elders during the Chinese New Year. Now I almost never give cash, it’s all Alipay. Or transfer via WeChat.

Therefore, ATM machines will inevitably be eliminated and marginalized.

Alipay, WeChat and QR code scanning are popular. In what direction will ATM machines develop? Will they be marginalized? In my opinion, ATM machines will develop in the direction of contactless multi-functionality, will not be marginalized, and will tend to develop in the direction of intelligence. Next, I will analyze it in detail.

Alipay and WeChat payment bring people the safety and convenience of payment, and more and more people are willing to use this kind of mobile payment. However, just as the popularity of washing machines does not prevent the use of washboards, due to the existence of bank cards and the need for cash payment, many units still use cash to pay wages and bonuses. In some villages and towns, many people pay Cash is still used, but in some places, cash is also required, such as printing credit reports. In some places, such as pharmacies, water and electricity bills are still paid in cash. It is precisely because of the existence of cash payment that it is necessary for ATMs to exist. Especially during this epidemic, the need for epidemic prevention has put forward new requirements for ATMs, that is, they must be contactless and multi-functional, so that ATMs can carry multiple functions. , to avoid face-to-face contact between people, face recognition + voice recognition, multi-function, become the new development direction of ATM.

Due to the needs of competition, all walks of life continue to reduce costs, which has become a consensus among people. Letting ATM machines replace counters will reduce labor costs and improve efficiency. If ATM wants to replace people, it needs to improve the human-machine interface., so that people can better use ATMs, this requires ATMs to be intelligent and be able to better understand human speech. Artificial intelligence needs to be introduced, and technology is making this demand a reality, and ATMs will develop in an intelligent direction. .

Alipay/WeChat, scan the QR code to win, in what direction will ATM machines develop, will they be marginalized? To answer this question, let’s first look into the future development trends.

At this stage, the popularity of Alipay/WeChat code scanning payment has further promoted the process of cashless payment. The emergence of face scanning payment is another new milestone. In the future, payment methods will only become more and more popular. As ATM becomes more and more convenient, there will be fewer and fewer ways to use cash. There will be fewer opportunities to use cash, and the significance of the existence of ATM machines will gradually decline.

Scan your face to pay

The popularity of Alipay/WeChat payment and the marginalization of ATM machines are also reflected in salary transfers. In the past, most of our wages were deposited into bank cards and paid with cash withdrawals from ATM machines. What now? Transfer money from your bank card to Alipay/WeChat and scan the QR code to pay, and ATM machines become dispensable.

WeChat Pay

The popularity of Alipay/WeChat Pay has catalyzed the reform of cash payment. According to relevant news reports, the emergence and use of digital currency. It's just a matter of time. All preparations are in order, and it's just a matter of large-scale promotion and application.

Digital Currency

From all aspects, a single ATM machine is marginalized, so the trend is that even if more advanced ATM machines are developed, such as face-scanning deposits , withdrawals, etc., only improve the user experience, multi-functional ATM machines will still be replaced by more advanced equipment.

Scan your face to withdraw money

Even so, ATM machines will not completely disappear for the time being, and they still have the meaning of their existence. Instead, it gradually withdraws from people's vision, is slowly eliminated, or is reborn, and is upgraded to be given many more powerful functions.

The future trend must be paperless digital currency. Today, with the rapid development of mobile Internet, it is so convenient to use Alipay and WeChat to complete transactions with your little fingers and you don’t have to find change. The country is also steadily advancing based on Blockchain digital currency is safe and convenient. In the future, fewer and fewer people will deposit and withdraw money from ATM machines and they will be slowly marginalized.

The big trend in the future is de-banknoteization!

A real-life example:

"If you pay with cash, you don’t have to queue up! If you pay with cash, come here to check out!" The cashier staff at Xidan Shopping Center rushed to the checkout queue. call. On that day, due to poor signal in the mall, the cashier welcomed cash payments, but there was still a small queue at the electronic payment window.The mobile screens of many customers have been redirected to the payment page.

The fading out of ATM machines may imply the “de-cashification of currency.” Is a cashless society on the way? "Payment and settlement methods are profoundly affected by communication and information processing technology, and are changing very quickly. In the past few years, banks were still investing in a large number of various self-service equipment such as ATMs and actively building smart banks; but now mobile payment has almost completely covered it and Substitution will cause huge waste!" said a senior financial person.

The president of a joint-stock bank told the Economic Observer that the use of cash will definitely become less and less. According to its analysis, cash cannot be completely eliminated within ten years. After all, "In addition to age issues, people still need to leave no trace in some areas of payment income. The use of ATM cash machines will decrease. Perhaps there will be an industry that specializes in providing automatic deposit and withdrawal services."

However, "the decashification or digitization of currency has become an irreversible trend!" said Wang Yongli, former vice president of the Bank of China and academic member of the International Monetary Institute of Renmin University of China. He explained that bookkeeping and liquidation promote profound changes in the form and delivery of currency—from tangible currency to intangible currency. Currency is no longer the cash that is ingrained in people's minds, but is increasingly becoming invisible numbers.

Why withdraw?

ATM machines were once accepted by cardholders because of their convenience and 24-hour service. However, with the advent of third-party payments such as Alipay and WeChat Pay, "carrying only your mobile phone when going out" has become the choice of more and more people. ATM machines that mainly provide cash withdrawal services may slowly fade out of the stage.

Banks have fixed procedures for placing ATM machines in non-bank branches. First, the shopping mall applies to the bank to install an ATM machine. The banking specialist will go to the shopping mall to inspect the site and observe the main consumer groups, passenger flow and other conditions. If the requirements are met, the business specialist will initiate a formal process, inspect the site again with the bank security office, submit an approval report, and install the equipment after approval from the leadership.

“When we first installed the machine, we considered two aspects. First, we considered providing convenient services to our bank card holders, such as placing it in a shopping mall, and we also considered providing convenience to people visiting shopping malls. Provide a convenient financial service; in addition, hotels, office buildings and other places require the placement of ATM machines, which is one of the standard services required for their properties, so we are in a mutual partnership," Shen Liang said.

With the rise of Alipay, WeChat scan payment and mobile payment, the frequency of use of ATM machines is getting lower and lower, and it seems that there should be fewer and fewer. Similarly, bank branches should also It is becoming less and less, because we go to the bank less and less frequently, and we can more often transfer and pay on our mobile phones. But the data tells us that our feelings are wrong, the data tellingOur bank has more and more branches and more and more ATM machines! Why is this happening? How many ATMs are there? How many bank branches are there?

2. Collide with the sparks of the digital economy era and listen to the voice of energy and electricity during the “14th Five-Year Plan”

Collide with the sparks of the digital economy era and listen to the voice of energy and electricity during the “14th Five-Year Plan”

< p> 2020 China Electric Power Development Forum Keyword Search

Reporter Zhao Ran

September 22 is the 100th day since the start of the "14th Five-Year Plan". The energy and power industry is facing " The plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan has reached the final stage of sorting out. From September 22 to 23, the 2020 China Electric Power Development Forum was held in Beijing, with the theme of "Facilitating the digital transformation of electric power and promoting high-quality development of the industry", focusing on the hot and difficult issues involved in the development of electric power's "14th Five-Year Plan" After in-depth exchanges, how to develop "new infrastructure" and how to transform the energy structure have become the topics discussed by the participants.

"Digital new infrastructure supports the digital transformation of the power grid", "The impact of large-scale offshore wind power development on the power grid and countermeasures", "Development opportunities for energy storage under the scenario of high proportion of new energy", "Hydrogen energy industry development Situation and practice"... These topics allow people to have more predictions about energy and electricity during the "14th Five-Year Plan".

"New infrastructure" is full of vitality

"The era of new infrastructure has begun, the era of industrial Internet has arrived, and the power industry has ushered in a new blue ocean of digital transformation and is more flexible A more efficient and competitive power grid will be an inevitable trend in future development, and digital transformation, intelligent upgrades, and integrated innovation will also become the password to unlock the transformation and upgrading of the energy and power industry." Keynote speech at the 2020 China Electric Power Development Forum At that time, Xin Yong, deputy general manager of State Grid Information and Communications Industry Group Corporation, said this.

According to Xin Yong, State Grid Corporation of China’s “new infrastructure” involves six other fields besides railways and rail transportation, among which big data centers, industrial Internet, 5G, artificial intelligence, etc. are represented. The construction of new digital infrastructure (referred to as "digital new infrastructure") is an important part of the new infrastructure. On June 15, State Grid Corporation of China announced to the public the ten key construction tasks of "Digital New Infrastructure", namely power grid digital platform, energy big data center, power big data application, power Internet of Things, energy industry cloud network, and smart energy comprehensive Services, energy Internet 5G applications, power artificial intelligence applications, energy blockchain applications, and power Beidou applications.

"Technological innovation is an important driving force for the new digital infrastructure. Taking into account the key construction tasks of the new digital infrastructure of State Grid Corporation of China and the development needs of the information and communication industry, combined with the development trends of strategic science and technology in recent years, we believe that in In the construction of new digital infrastructure in the power industry, chip technology, 5G+Beidou key technologies, intelligent sensing technology, power artificial intelligence technology, etc. will become key technologies leading future development.technology and the source of driving force for industrial upgrading. " Xin Yongtan said.

As a core component of new infrastructure in the new energy field, State Grid New Energy Cloud currently has a total of 142,000 registered users, 9,206 companies staying in it, and 427,800 visits in August. The average number of visitors per day is 614. Wang Jinsong, deputy director of the State Grid Development Department, introduced the construction goal of the State Grid New Energy Cloud - to build an internationally leading new energy digital economic platform with Chinese characteristics and establish "horizontal collaboration, vertical connectivity" and "full "The digital economy is an advanced economic form." The digital economy has initiated a fission-type transformation of the traditional industrial economy and has become an important weight for countries in the new round of market competition. " Shen Liang, deputy director of the State Grid Big Data Center, pointed out that my country's industrial modernization is characterized by traditional industry + digitalization, networking, and intelligence. Unlike developed countries, my country has encountered informationization opportunities in the process of industrialization, which has determined the The industrialization of my country does not need to complete industrialization before embarking on the path of informatization, but rather the path of deep integration of industrialization and informatization. With the continuous development and improvement of my country's digital technology tools and business models, as well as the vigorous promotion of "new infrastructure", The digital economy will become an opportunity for our country to overtake in a new round of industrial revolution.

Under the craze of new infrastructure, many power companies are exploring and practicing the industrial Internet. Huaneng Information Technology Company participated in the meeting General Manager Fan Weining said that Huaneng Industrial Internet project is divided into three levels: group side, regional side and power plant side. "Huaneng Aistry Industrial Internet has five core points, namely IT infrastructure cloudification, providing powerful storage and computing power; factory Equipment data is moved to the cloud, massive industrial data is mined, and the value of the data is mined; the business is SAAS (software services provided through the network), based on the middle platform, and the enterprise operation center is constructed; intelligent applications are the core, using IT as a tool to empower production; Create a win-win situation for everyone and create a full-process enterprise ecosystem. ” He said.

Electric vehicle charging facilities are one of the key contents of the “new infrastructure”. According to Que Shifeng, deputy general manager of the State Grid Electric Vehicle Service Company, in 2025, the charging capacity of dedicated piles in the whole society will reach 42.3 billion kWh, and the charging capacity of public piles is 36.5 billion kWh; it is estimated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the total charging capacity of dedicated piles and public piles in the whole society will be 253.2 billion kWh, and the total charging capacity of unit piles and private piles in the whole society will be 272 billion kWh. billion kilowatt-hours.

“The market for interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid has broad prospects. "He said that in 2030, the total theoretical power potential of electric vehicles interacting with the power grid will exceed 1 billion kilowatts, equivalent to 50 Three Gorges Power Stations; the total theoretical power potential of electric vehicles interacting with the grid will exceed 2 trillion kilowatt hours. It is estimated that the total market size of power grid interactive services will exceed 100 billion yuan at 0.05 yuan/kWh. “Charging equipment must be strengthened.Implement planning and layout, promote scientific interconnection and orderly interoperability, strengthen charging safety supervision, and enhance sustainability. ” He suggested.

Huang Yu, director of the Electric Power Planning Center of China Southern Power Grid Energy Development Research Institute, analyzed the difficulties of digitalization of power planning research from practice: In a multi-source heterogeneous data environment, there are many data sources, Different calibers are often mixed with incomplete, incorrect or irrelevant dirty data; it is difficult to obtain energy industry data, and power industry data are scattered in various provinces and cities, making it difficult to collect according to the division of labor; some mainstream methods in various aspects of current power planning research Application software is relatively independent, has strong encapsulation, etc.

"As the level of informatization is increasingly improved, more application systems, software and hardware platforms and equipment need to be maintained and managed. , how to establish an efficient and collaborative network, provincial and local collaborative management system, unify management authority, and establish a stable and standardized platform operation and maintenance mechanism has become an important problem in platform information management. ” He said.

Energy transformation is accelerating and stepping on the accelerator

“We will give full play to our country’s advantages in clean energy, ultra-high voltage, smart grids, etc., and adhere to the principle of ‘independent innovation, demonstration first, and China’s leadership’” 'The idea is to focus on energy cleanliness, electrification, intelligence, integration and other directions related to the overall energy transformation and development, promote technological and equipment innovation in the fields of energy development, conversion, allocation and use, promote industrial development, and seize the global energy Technical high ground. "Li Jun, deputy director of the Economic and Technical Research Institute of the Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization, said when talking about the "14th Five-Year Plan" for electric power.

She pointed out that the overall path of energy transformation can be divided into three stages. " The 14th Five-Year Plan is about incremental replacement. Coal and electricity will step on the brakes and clean energy will step on the accelerator. Coal and electricity will transform from main power sources to regulated power sources. New demand will be met by wind and solar storage and transmission. The proportion of clean energy installed capacity and power generation will continue to increase. Reaching 57% and 45% respectively. The energy system has reached the peak of carbon emissions. From 2025 to 2035, it is the replacement of stock, the acceleration of the withdrawal of coal power, and the acceleration of the transition to regulated power supply. Clean energy and electric energy have become the largest on the production side and the consumption side respectively. Energy. From 2035 to 2050, it will be a comprehensive transformation to fully build China's energy Internet. Coal power will be transformed into seasonal backup power, and clean energy will fully replace fossil energy.

As a "weighty" clean energy , Nuclear energy is expected to accelerate development in the "14th Five-Year Plan". Qiu Jiangang, vice president of the China Electric Power Development Promotion Association and chairman of the Nuclear Energy Branch, said that by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", nuclear power units in operation and under construction will be based on low and The high levels are expected to reach 90 million kilowatts and 110 million kilowatts respectively. "Preliminary forecasts indicate that the operating scale of nuclear power units in 2025 will reach more than 70 million kilowatts, accounting for approximately 3% of the country's total installed capacity; nuclear power generation accounts for 6%; relatively efficient fuel Coal-fired power generation can achieve an annual carbon emission reduction of about 450 million tons; the scale under construction is 40 million kilowatts. “During the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ period, we will strive to ensure safe operation of the power grid when the power load is large.In central China, which has an important status as a transportation hub and where renewable energy resources are scarce and costly, inland nuclear power construction should be initiated in a timely manner. " He also said.

Luo Jinhua, deputy director of the strategic planning department of China Huadian Group, shared "the development opportunities of energy storage under the scenario of high proportion of new energy." He suggested that we should pay attention to the positioning of energy storage and do a good job in energy storage. Layout in all aspects; strengthen industrial support and promote the development of energy storage in various fields; promote market construction and accelerate the participation of energy storage in the power market; improve technical levels and promote high-quality development of the energy storage industry; improve the standard system and lead energy storage Promotion of technical standards.

Mei Jingyi, chief economist of the National Energy Investment Group Guohua Investment Company (hydrogen energy company), is very optimistic about the development of hydrogen energy in the "14th Five-Year Plan". She pointed out that global hydrogen energy The general development trend has been established and is advancing rapidly, and domestic hydrogen energy’s upward and downward interactions and horizontal competition are becoming increasingly frequent. “The Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of hydrogen energy, and various regions have released hydrogen energy development plans relying on their own industrial foundation and resource endowments. On September 16 this year, five ministries and commissions officially issued the "Notice on Carrying out Demonstration Applications of Fuel Cell Vehicles", proposing "replacement of subsidies with awards", which will effectively promote the formation of the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry chain. ”

But at the same time, Mei Jingyi also pointed out the current problems of hydrogen energy: there is an obvious gap in the performance of key technologies in the entire hydrogen energy chain, equipment and key materials are dependent on imports, equipment prices are high, and the initial investment in hydrogenation stations is high. There is a lack of hydrogen energy talents, a lack of industrial supporting systems, and a lack of technical standard systems in hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and refueling. "It is necessary for the government to clarify market expectations and technology research plans, and the national strategy for hydrogen energy development to form a joint effort from all parties, Promote the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. ” she suggested.