中国区块链专利申请达到4435件是哪一年,区块链发明时间

近年来，区块链技术的发展越来越迅速，令人瞩目。根据统计，截至2020年，中国的区块链专利申请达到了4435件。

区块链技术的发明可以追溯到2008年，当时由中本聪发明了比特币，并将其开源，从而开创了区块链技术的时代。

区块链技术的发明在当时引起了轰动，不仅改变了传统的金融体系，而且使传统金融业务变得更加透明和安全。

比特币的发明不仅带来了金融创新，而且也使区块链技术变得更加普及。随后，越来越多的企业和研究机构开始研究并应用区块链技术，并开始申请各种专利，以提升区块链技术的安全性和可靠性。

近年来，区块链技术的发展变得越来越迅速，不仅在金融领域得到了广泛应用，而且在政府、教育、医疗、物联网等领域也取得了重大进展。

区块链技术的发明为人类社会发展带来了巨大的契机，它不仅改变了传统的金融体系，而且还推动了新一轮的社会创新和发展。

总之，区块链技术的发明是一个重大的历史事件，它不仅改变了金融体系，而且还推动了新一轮的社会创新和发展，极大地改善了人们的生活。

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Ⅰ How is the development of Tencent Blockchain? What are the scenarios where blockchain concept stocks have been implemented? Is it a new outlet for getting rich?

In the field of blockchain, Tencent Blockchain The speed of chain development is relatively fast. As early as 2015, the Tencent blockchain team has begun to pay attention to blockchain technology and conducted independent research and development. As of December 31, 2019, the number of Chinese invention patent applications related to Tencent blockchain reached 990, and in China Ranked first among applying companies. After several years of R&D and exploration, Tencent Blockchain has achieved good results in both the development of underlying technology and the construction of industrial ecology.

The development history of Tencent’s blockchain:

There are no technical problems, it’s just a question of whether to do it or not. ”

When asked what technical difficulties he encountered, Cai Yige, the head of Tencent Blockchain, answered this way. After thinking about it, he added that for theories such as secure multi-party computation and zero-knowledge proof, Technologies that have made breakthroughs in the past have not yet been engineered, which is an industry-wide problem.

For Tencent Blockchain, the bigger problem seems to be to find more scenarios. "Blockchain "Chain + supply chain finance" is a scenario that Tencent is promoting this year.

At the end of last year, the supply chain financial service platform Xingbei Cloud Chain was released, and its underlying blockchain technology is supported by Tencent Blockchain. In addition, Tencent also invested in Lianyirong, which was Tencent’s only strategic investment in supply chain finance.

Now that it has been almost a year, how is this scene and Tencent’s blockchain progressing?

Today, after the establishment meeting of the Blockchain Policy and Legal Research Group and the press conference of the "Blockchain and Supply Chain Finance White Paper", Odaily Planet Daily interviewed Cai Yige, General Manager of Tencent's Blockchain Business, and Lianyirong Company General Manager Ji Kun.

According to two disclosures, in less than a year of operation, the micro-enterprise chain platform has approximately tens of billions of transactions on the chain, with 12 banks connected and more than 70 Enterprises participate, involving industries such as energy, automobiles, and manufacturing. The current penetration supplier level is about level 1 and level 2, which can reduce the interest rate by 2-8 points compared with traditional bank loans.

Micro-enterprises The chain platform is Tencent's key case in supply chain finance. Tencent mainly provides the underlying technical infrastructure, including the underlying self-developed alliance chain, real-time clearing and account transfer capabilities; Lianyirong is mainly responsible for integrating resources and promoting the platform.

Supply chain finance is the leading scenario of blockchain, but in fact the real implementation is still very slow, which makes people doubt the substantial changes it brings. The two do not deny that this business is in a very early stage At this stage, it will take some time to promote companies to join, but they all believe that "after joining the blockchain, supply chain finance will actually change very much."

What Odaily Planet Daily wants to know more is, With the addition of supply chain finance after blockchain, will companies and financial institutions be more willing to join in? And can this reduce the balance of small and medium-sized enterprise loans and increase the number of companies that receive loans??

“The biggest difficulty (in supply chain finance) lies in the participation of financial institutions, because they can only provide funds.” Ji Kun believes that the addition of blockchain can enhance banks’ willingness to enter supply chain finance.

In his opinion, the traditional banks of the four major banks are quite keen on the layout of blockchain. He said that supply chain finance itself is decentralized and the authenticity of underlying assets is very difficult to check. It is not mainstream in traditional financial institutions, and there was no way to achieve penetration before, so banks can only obtain the data of first-tier suppliers. But those in greatest need of financing may be second- and third-tier suppliers. Now blockchain + supply chain finance has changed the credibility of multi-level data circulation, strong credit cannot be split, and the synchronization efficiency of information, making it difficult for small, medium and micro enterprises in the supply chain to obtain loans from financial institutions in the past. Can get a loan. Banks have always wanted to do business with second- and third-tier suppliers. By joining the blockchain, institutions can better control their own data.

As for promoting enterprise use, Ji Kun said that it will take a certain amount of time for many enterprises to accept it. However, because the blockchain of supply chain finance mainly replaces the role of the original commercial paper, the circulation of the commercial paper itself There are some pain points, such as fraud, so they are relatively easy to accept.

When Odaily Planet Daily asked about how to ensure the authenticity of on-chain information, Cai Yige said that different information can be cross-verified, but he also believed that this was indeed a problem, using blocks The chain does not guarantee the authenticity of the information on the chain. Therefore, the first step of the micro enterprise chain's assets is actually accounts receivable, and it is true to use invoices to protect the underlying assets. As the business systems of small and medium-sized enterprises become electronic, they will go deeper in the future.

He also added that blockchain can also improve the efficiency of information synchronization. "I think it is the control of information. It turns out that in a centralized situation, even if you have information, it can be tampered with."

After talking about the focus of Tencent Blockchain this year, everyone naturally wants to know the future plan of. However, Cai Yige’s answer was the same as at the beginning: “We can’t talk about plans. We will continue to think about the scenarios in which blockchain can exert value.”

About this development:

First, you must choose the right scene and be sure to find experts in this industry.

Second, it must be in line with the nature of technology and have commercial value.

Third, it must meet the needs of future development.

Fourth, the architecture must truly solve the problem and be fully integrated with other technologies.

The concept of blockchain should be a new trend. Specifically, make more use of Internet searches to increase knowledge. Internet search results-Tencent Blockchain Development will be put for you.

II What is the current overall market situation of blockchain?

The entire market of this type is good. You must consider many aspects. When choosing, you must first choose according to the demand situation, and also Pay attention to the strength and effectiveness of the team. It is recommended that you get to know the BakerChain blockchain. It was founded in the United States in March 2017. He is well-known in the industry.The price is good and the reputation is good.

Ⅲ What kind of disruptions does blockchain bring and why can it become a national strategy?

The disruptive characteristics of blockchain lie in the following four aspects: 1. Transparency. The data records of the blockchain system are transparent to the entire network nodes, and the update operations of the data records are also transparent to the entire network nodes. This is the basis for the trust of the blockchain system. Since the blockchain system uses open source programs, open rules and high participation, blockchain data records and operating rules can be reviewed and traced by nodes throughout the network, with high transparency.
2. Openness. The blockchain system is open. Except for the private information of the parties directly related to the data, which is always encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone (except for blockchain systems with special permission requirements). Anyone or participating nodes can query blockchain data records or develop related applications through public interfaces, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information of the blockchain system is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed (except for systems such as private blockchains with special change requirements). Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
4. Decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of blockchain, which means that blockchain no longer relies on central processing nodes and realizes distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In a traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the entire system. However, in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the entire network or more than 5% of the nodes in the network. It's just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year of commercial application of blockchain technology, and favorable policy incentives will make the development of blockchain technology more stable.
As the application of blockchain technology gradually penetrates into many fields such as digital finance and the Internet, everyone has a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain.
Blockchain has formed a global competition situation. All countries are seizing development opportunities, and China cannot lag behind; therefore, it is understandable that blockchain has become a national strategy.

IV Blockchain Technology

Background: After the birth of Bitcoin, it was discovered that the technology was very advanced, and blockchain technology was discovered. Bitcoin and blockchain technology were discovered at the same time.

1.1 The purpose of the birth of Bitcoin:

①Currency transactions have records, that is, ledgers;

②The disadvantages of centralized institution accounting - it can be tampered with; Yi Chaofa

Bitcoin solves the first problem: anti-tampering - hash function

1.2 hash function (encryption method)

① Function: convert any length string, converted to fixed length (sha256)output. The output is also called a hash value.

② Features: It is difficult to find two different x and y such that h(x)=h(y).

③Application: md5 file encryption

1.3 Blockchain

①Definition

Block: Split the general ledger into zones Block storage

Blockchain: On each block, add a block header. It records the hash value of the parent block. By storing the hash value of the parent block in each block, all blocks are connected in order to form a blockchain.

②How does the blockchain prevent transaction records from being tampered with?

After the blockchain is formed, tampering with any transaction will cause the hash value of the transaction block to be different from that of its sub-blocks. , tampering was discovered.

Even if you continue to tamper with the hash value in the sub-block header, the hash value in the sub-block will be different from that in the grandchild block, and the tampering will be discovered.

1.4 The essence of blockchain

①The essence of Bitcoin and blockchain: a big ledger visible to everyone, only recording transactions .

②Core technology: Through cryptographic hash function + data structure, it ensures that the ledger records cannot be tampered with.

③Core function: Create trust. Fiat currency relies on government credibility, and Bitcoin relies on technology.

1.5 How to trade

① To conduct transactions, you need an account number and password, corresponding to the public key and private key

Private key: a string of 256-bit binary numbers , no application is required to obtain it, and you don’t even need a computer. You can generate the private key by tossing a coin 256 times.

The address is converted from the private key. The address cannot reverse the private key.

The address is the identity, which represents the ID in the Bitcoin world.

After an address is generated, it can only be known by everyone if it enters the blockchain ledger.

②Digital signature technology

Signature function sign (Zhang San’s private key, transfer information: Zhang San transfers 10 yuan to Li Si) = signature of this transfer

< p> Verify Korean verify (Zhang San’s address, transfer information: Zhang San transfers 10 yuan to Li Si, signature of this transfer) = True

Zhang San uses his own signature function sign() The private key signs this transaction.

Anyone can verify whether the signature was issued by Zhang San himself who holds Zhang San's private key by verifying the Korean vertify(). It returns true, otherwise it returns false.

sign() and verify() are cryptographically guaranteed not to be cracked. ·

③Complete the transaction

Zhang San will provide the transfer information and signature to the entire network. Under the premise that the account has a balance, after verifying that the signature is true, it will be recorded in the blockchain ledger. Once recorded, Zhang San's account will be reduced by 10 yuan, and Li Si's account will be increased by 10 yuan.

Supports one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many transactions.

In the Bitcoin world, private keys are everything! ! !

1.6 Centralized Accounting

① Advantages of Centralized Accounting:

a. No matter which center keeps accounts, don’t worry too much

< p> b. Centralized accounting, high efficiency

②Disadvantages of centralized accounting:

a Denial of service attack

b Stop service after getting tired

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c Central institutions are vulnerable to attacks. For example, destroying servers and networks, committing self-intrusion, legal termination, government intervention, etc.

All attempts at confidential currencies with centralized institutions in history have failed.

Bitcoin solves the second problem: how to decentralize

1.7 Decentralized accounting

①Decentralization: Everyone can keep accounts. Everyone can keep a complete ledger.

Anyone can download open source programs, participate in the P2P network, monitor transactions sent around the world, become an accounting node, and participate in accounting.

② Decentralized accounting process

After someone initiates a transaction, it is broadcast to the entire network.

Each accounting node continues to monitor and continue transactions across the entire network. When a new transaction is received and the accuracy is verified, it is put into the transaction pool and continues to be propagated to other nodes.

Due to network propagation, the transactions of different accounting nodes at the same time are not necessarily the same.

Every 10 minutes, one person is selected from all accounting nodes in a certain way, and his transaction pool is used as the next block and broadcast to the entire network.

Other nodes delete the transactions that have been recorded in their own transaction pool based on the transactions in the latest block, continue accounting, and wait for the next selection.

③ Features of decentralized accounting

A block is generated every 10 minutes, but not all transactions within these 10 minutes can be recorded.

The accounting node that obtains accounting rights will receive a reward of 50 Bitcoins.Encourage. After every 210,000 blocks (approximately 4 years), the reward is halved. The total amount is about 21 million, and it is expected to be mined in 2040.

Recording the reward of a block is also the only way to issue Bitcoin.

④ How to allocate accounting rights: POW (proof of work) method

Compete for accounting rights by calculating mathematical problems on several accounting points.

Find a random number that makes the following inequality true:

There is no other solution except traversing the random numbers starting from 0 and trying your luck. The process of solving the problem is also called mining.

Whoever solves the problem correctly first will get the accounting rights.

If a certain accounting node finds the solution first, it will announce it to the entire network. After other nodes verify that it is correct, a new round of calculation will start again after the new block. This method is called POW.

⑤ Difficulty adjustment

The generation time of each block is not exactly 10 minutes

As Bitcoin develops, the computing power of the entire network does not increase.

In order to cope with changes in computing power, the difficulty will be increased or decreased every 2016 blocks (about 2 weeks), so that the average time for each block to be generated is 10 minutes.

#欧易OKEx# #BTC[超话]# #digital currency#

Ⅳ Which country will China’s total number of blockchain patents soon exceed?

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In fact, as of August last year, Bank of America had submitted at least 30 blockchain technology patent applications, and in February last year alone, they submitted 9 to the US Patent and Trademark Office Apply.

VI The core technology of Complex Beauty - the development of Chain33 blockchain system

After understanding the basic situation of the company, Gao Guofei and his party sat in the conference room with Wu Sijin and listened to Complex An introduction to Midea’s core technology—Chain33 blockchain system. Regarding the development of blockchain technology, District Chief Gao Guofei was very optimistic. He said: "Blockchain must be a cutting-edge technology. In the future, the underlying layer must be highly transparent and highly credible." He also praised the beauty of complexity, "You guys It is an enterprise with real talents and real abilities.” Wu Sijin also said that the core competitiveness of Complex Beauty is talent. Hangzhou has the best technical developers in the country and even the world. Complex Beauty has now attracted a large number of technical talents to join, many from Alibaba, Huawei, etc.

At the end of the survey, District Mayor Gao Guofei continued to have in-depth exchanges with Wu Sijin, hoping to hear what support the company needs from the government at the current stage of development. When talking about the financial situation of enterprises, District Mayor Gao Guofei also pointed out that the district’s fiscal development guidance fund can focus on the next, so that enterprises can put down their burdens and focus more on research and development.go. District Chief Gao said humorously, “I can’t understand blockchain technology now, and I won’t be able to reach it in the future (when it develops).” Wu Sijin also said that 33 Complex Beauty is now developing steadily, and leaders come to guide us more and give us confidence. What should we do? All difficulties can be overcome.

Finally, in a pleasant and peaceful atmosphere, Gao Guofei and his team’s visit and research on Complex Beauty came to an end.

About Complex Beauty

The implementation of the Chain33 parachain architecture is a major breakthrough in the entire blockchain industry and an important prerequisite for quickly building a public chain. The developer of Chain33’s underlying architecture is Complex Beauty Technology Co., Ltd., a leading company in the blockchain industry. Hangzhou Complex Beauty Technology Co., Ltd. (www.33.cn) was founded in 2008. It has China’s first blockchain invention patent: wallet retrieval function. It has applied for nearly 200 blockchain invention patents, including 7. It has been authorized and 148 items have been made public, ranking among the top 10 in the world with Alibaba and Tencent. It has officially launched blockchain projects for many Fortune 500 companies such as Hainan Horizon, Midea Finance, and power giants. After five years of development, Chain33 has been open sourced since November 2018. The code has been submitted to the Github open source community more than 8,000 times and has been recognized by many partners.

Introduction to Chain33 Parallel Public Chain

Chain33 is a blockchain development system built by 33 Complex Beauty over a period of five years. Its first parallel public chain architecture (hereinafter referred to as parachain ) has been recognized and followed up for research by the Internet, Alibaba, 360 and other institutions. At present, the parachain has reached a cooperation with Microsoft and has been listed on the recommended page of the Microsoft cloud Azure market, which means that users can access the parachain more easily.

VII What is the future development prospect of blockchain technology?

Five major aspects of the growth potential of the blockchain industry promote the healthy development of technology

Basic overview analysis of blockchain

Blockchain technology, as a technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database in a decentralized manner, has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-proof, and high scalability. It is becoming an emerging technology after big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and virtualization. After reality and other technologies, it is another emerging technology that will have a major impact on the future and is expected to promote mankind from the information Internet era to the value Internet era.

The United States, Japan and some countries and regions in the European Union have elevated the development of blockchain to an important national development strategy and vigorously promoted the research and development, application and promotion of blockchain technology. Our country also attaches great importance to blockchain technology innovation and industrial development. With the joint participation of IT and other companies, a large number of new companies, new products, new models, and new applications have emerged. Blockchain has been widely used in finance, government affairs, energy, and medical care. Applications in other industries are gradually unfolding, and it is becoming an important force driving technological product innovation and industrial transformation in various industries.

Blockchain development is divided into three stages, namelyBlockchain 1.0, which is the encrypted digital currency represented by Bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and Blockchain 2.0, represented by smart contracts, are currently gradually moving towards the in-depth application of more complex smart contracts based on blockchain technology. Blockchain 3.0 stage.

Statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year

Since 2016, the frequency and amount of investment and financing in my country’s blockchain field have increased dramatically. According to statistics from the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in the Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the financing amount in the blockchain field was approximately 10.7 billion, a year-on-year growth rate of 1,426 billion compared with the same period in 2017. %; The number of investment and financing events in the blockchain field reached 205. It is expected that investment in the blockchain field will usher in another peak this year.

From the perspective of the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China’s blockchain field, early-stage investment rounds (before Series B) account for more than 95%. Many industry pioneers participate in the investment, and most companies are still in the process of investing. Horse racing and enclosure.

Blockchain investment and financing statistics and growth from 2014 to the first half of 2018

Data source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

my country attaches great importance to the development and application of blockchain technology. Driven by multiple forces such as policy, technology, and market, the pace of blockchain innovation continues to accelerate, and it is deeply integrated with technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things. The scope of explored applications has also expanded from digital assets to supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing, Expand and expand in more fields such as industrial Internet, social welfare, copyright protection, etc.

Five major aspects strive to promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and promote the high-quality development of the digital economy

1. In-depth research and grasp of blockchain technology and industry development trends. Pay close attention to the latest trends in international development, jointly promote blockchain-related technology and industry research, promote the standardization of blockchain development industry behavior, and create a good development environment.

2. Strengthen the construction of core technical capabilities of blockchain.

Establish and improve a collaborative promotion mechanism among key enterprises, universities, and research institutions, guide IT enterprises to strengthen technical reserves, accelerate breakthroughs in key core technologies, and improve blockchain performance, efficiency, and security.

3. Support entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of blockchain

Encourage blockchain enterprises and user units to carry out cross-border integration, guide industry organizations to establish public service platforms, and support third-party institutions Carry out blockchain service evaluation and testing, promote rich industry applications of blockchain, and serve the transformation and upgrading of the real economy.

4. Actively build and improve the blockchain standard system

Accelerate the development and application promotion of key standards, and gradually build a complete standard system. Actively connect with international standards organizations such as ITU and ISO, substantially participate in more international standardization work, and actively contribute more "Chinese power."

5. Accelerate the improvement of the policy environment for blockchain development

Support qualified enterprises to carry out application innovation and model innovation, guide and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate professional talents needed for blockchain development. Support qualified blockchain companies to enjoy the country’s preferential tax policies that support the development of the software industry and small and medium-sized enterprises.

The industry is small but has huge growth potential

The blockchain economy is currently on the eve of an explosion. It is widely used in the financial industry, and applications in other industries have also entered the exploration and research and development stage. It is expected that the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US$410 million to US$7.68 billion between 2017 and 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. It is expected that various blockchain-based extended businesses will reach US$100 billion in 2020.

Industrial application fields continue to expand

The financial industry is the first to apply blockchain technology, and many financial applications have been implemented; the medical industry is an important area of ​​blockchain application and can be more It is good to protect privacy and improve service quality and management efficiency; the demand for blockchain in social forensics is rising rapidly to solve certification problems caused by information asymmetry; the application of blockchain technology in other fields such as communications and supply chain is rapidly expanding .

Ⅷ WeBank helps the blockchain industry flourish

On July 19, the "Digital "Chain" Greater Bay Area" hosted by the China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute— — Blockchain supports the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Report (2022)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") press conference was held in Shenzhen.

The report believes that digital technology represented by blockchain can play an important role in breaking the ice of institutional differences in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, supporting the leapfrogging of the real economy and empowering innovation in social governance, and effectively boosting the development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The integrated development of the Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area has entered a new era 2.0. The report uses a wealth of practical cases of blockchain usage scenarios to demonstrate the role and contribution of blockchain in the construction of digital economy, digital society, and digital government.

The Greater Bay Area has sounded the clarion call for the rise of blockchain.

“The blockchain field in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is active in innovation, with rich application results, strong factor attraction, strong policy support, and an ecological development trend.” At the press conference, the report announced the development of the Greater Bay Area in A series of achievements in the blockchain field.

The report shows that in 2021, there were 10,710 blockchain-related invention patent applications in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, of which 3,282 occurred in the Greater Bay Area, accounting for 31% of the total. In addition, the Greater Bay Area has published a total of 756 articles on blockchain topics. Compared with other world-class bay areas, the number has begun to clearly dominate.

In the context of unprecedented changes in a century, experts and scholars shared their thoughts on the value of blockchain. Fan Gang, a well-known economist and president of the China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute, said that under the influence of international situations such as the epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, new changes have taken place in the international trade system and currency settlement system. Since the blockchain has the characteristics of privacy, mutual trust of real information, and no need to repeatedly verify duplicate information, it greatly improves transaction efficiency. In his view, with Internet technologies such as blockchain,Empowered by the open source ecosystem of large enterprises, more small businesses will use the platform to play a role.

Fan Gang, President of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute.

Therefore, the report believes that “the Greater Bay Area has sounded the clarion call for the rise of blockchain.” "The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has the advantages of open markets, diversified needs, and talent gathering. The cutting-edge science and technology field represented by blockchain is actively innovating, achieving fruitful results, and the ecological development trend has been set. It has become the key to the development of blockchain at home and abroad. The new highland is pregnant with the strong development pulse and greater development future of blockchain and digital economy." Liu, deputy director of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Open Key Development Research Institute, said when releasing the report.

Expansion, integration and innovation of cutting-edge technology in "Xinjiang region"

Ma, Vice President and Chief Information Officer of WeBank.

This is an example of using blockchain across borders for trusted data.

Tang Jie, professor at the School of Economics and Management of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) and former deputy mayor of Shenzhen, commented on the report and pointed out that currently, the application results of blockchain in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are already very rich. The number of projects ranks among the top in the country, and a number of leading blockchain companies are emerging, which can not only effectively solve the current problem of poor flow of people and the institutional differences caused by commodities and funds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, but also contribute to the cross-border transfer of data elements. and cross-domain use. He believes that new technologies such as blockchain should actively explore usage scenarios in the Greater Bay Area, and encourage technology-leading companies to be open and open source to create a good ecosystem.

Therefore, the report states that "digital technology represented by blockchain has accelerated the integration of the Greater Bay Area."

This integration is reflected in the fact that technology is melting the ice of institutional differences, supporting the leap of the real economy, and empowering innovation in social governance. Among them, in terms of melting institutional differences, the "Bay Area Fintech Talent Chain" of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, WeBank's inter-financial institution reconciliation platform, Guangdong-cross-border data verification platform, port logistics and

Harbin Institute of Technology ( Liu Chuanyi, executive director of the Shenzhen Data Security Research Institute and professor of the School of Computer Science and Technology, also believes that one of the functions of the blockchain is to trace the source of the evidence, which cannot be tampered with or traced back. This function determines that it can become an important infrastructure in the digital age. “As a basic infrastructure, the blockchain should first be open source, and secondly the source code should be formally verified. In addition, the blockchain should be vertically open, and some important uses should be fed back to these infrastructures, thereby strengthening the sustainability of the infrastructure. Iterate to make this infrastructure clearer."

With the deepening of the connection between the rules and mechanisms of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, the level of integrated development of the Greater Bay Area continues to improve. The report further points out that shallow integration needs such as hardware docking, front stores and back factories, and gradient division of labor for the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the 1.0 era are being replaced by deep integration needs such as system compatibility, economic interdependence, and social interconnection in the 2.0 era. .

“The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area relies on cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain to realize the flow or utilization of trusted data in a multi-system environment, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the flow of people, logistics, and capital, and significantly expand the economic hinterland, A 'Xinjiang region' that integrates innovation." The report pointed out.

Develop a "trust transfer machine" to help integrated development

"Blockchain, especially alliance chains, are recognized machines for transferring trust. Based on blockchain technology and individual-led distributed data transmission protocols, it can effectively Promote the flow of data elements and help the integrated development of the Greater Bay Area." As a representative of industry practice, Ma said when sharing.

According to its disclosure, WeBank has always regarded blockchain as one of the core technologies of financial technology, and in 2016 it took the lead in launching the blockchain alliance "Golden Chain Alliance" in the financial industry. It has always adhered to the concept of comprehensive security and controllability of blockchain technology, relying on the collaboration of the Golden Chain Alliance open source working group to create FISCO BCOS, the underlying open source platform of the financial alliance chain, to achieve localization support for the entire chain, which greatly accelerated the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The development of the blockchain open source ecosystem. At present, WeBank, as the first digital bank in China, has accumulated 340 million effective individual customers and nearly 2.8 million small and micro enterprises.

Ma revealed that at present, the open source alliance chain ecosystem built by Weizhong Blockchain and many parties has gathered more than 3,000 institutions and enterprises and more than 70,000 individual members, successfully supporting finance, medical care, justice, agriculture, Hundreds of blockchain uses in multiple industries including manufacturing, and more than 200 benchmark uses supporting industrial digitization.

Currently, the blockchain in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is showing an ecological development trend, and the open and diversified blockchain ecosystem is accelerating its evolution. Gu Qingshan, assistant to the general manager of Shenzhen Zhangzhangtong Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., pointed out that as the flagship financial technology incubated by Ping An Group, finance Zhang Tong has been deeply involved in financial technology for many years.

Has rich experience in the use of financial blockchain, and has deep accumulation in patents, localization, etc., which can meet the actual needs of financial institutions’ blockchain.

As a practical representative of the academic community, Pang Chuan, Vice President of Macau University of Science and Technology and member of the Macau Legislative Assembly, said that in addition to scientific research and serving society, the most important thing in academia is to cultivate talents. In June 2023, Blockchain Engineering (080917T ) has passed the registration and approval of undergraduate majors in general colleges and universities by the Ministry of Education, and the first batch of undergraduate graduates in blockchain engineering will be officially born in four years. In addition, Tsinghua University, Peking University, University of Science and Technology of China and other well-known universities are on the list of candidates for the national pilot program for innovative use of blockchain in the education field.

[Written by] Li Hualian

Related Q&A: How does the procuratorate investigate the bank statements of WeBank? The procuratorate only needs to go to the company to investigate the bank statements of WeBank. Under normal circumstances, the court cannot check the bank statements of the person subject to execution. If it is related to the case, it can apply for inquiry. The transaction history of the person subject to execution may involve property outside the case. The property inquired, seized, frozen, transferred, and valuated by the people's court shall not exceed the scope of the obligation of the person subject to execution. Therefore, the court cannot inquire without legal authorization. .

Ⅸ Blockchain Era: Transformation from Information Internet to Value Internet

Guosen’s perspective

Guosen Overseas Group’s perspective:

The Internet has developed toNow, the main function is to allow information to circulate on the Internet, and information is spread by copying (A is copied to B). The "ledger" constructed by the blockchain is open, transparent, non-tamperable, peer-to-peer interconnected, and easy to trace, and builds an infrastructure based on a trust mechanism to allow the value of digital assets to circulate efficiently on the Internet, and digital assets occur on the Internet. Transfer of value (transfer from A to B, rather than copying from A to B). We are optimistic about the future of blockchain. However, the most important achievement of blockchain at this stage is the evangelism of ideas. Its emergence allows the market to see the shortcomings of the "Internet of Information" and the trend of the "Internet of Value".

Comments

The relationship between blockchain and Bitcoin

Explaining blockchain, there is no way around Bitcoin. The "invention" of Bitcoin has proven the feasibility of blockchain technology. Bitcoin is not the entirety of blockchain technology, but only one of its applications. Without Bitcoin, it’s possible that blockchain wouldn’t have happened, or at least not anytime soon.

The origin of the word "blockchain" is the "chain of blocks" in the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper. When translated into Chinese, the word "blockchain" is used. As the focus of Bitcoin mining shifts to China, the Chinese market has become the main battlefield for blockchain and Bitcoin. The English domestic market of blockchain is written as "blockchain", which has become a proper noun for the entire blockchain technology in the world. (Noun evolution path: chain of blocks - blockchain - blockchain).

The total amount of Bitcoin is limited, stimulating market speculation

Whether Bitcoin is regarded as a commodity or currency, due to its limited total amount, it stimulates market speculation on Bitcoin. Price, referred to as currency speculation. According to the Bitcoin generation mechanism, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million.

Bitcoin is the reward after a new block is connected. A block is generated every 10 minutes. A certain number of Bitcoins are rewarded for each block generated. 50 are rewarded in the first four years. The number of Bitcoin rewards is halved every four years, so the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million. Calculation method: {50 X 6 X 24 X 365} X 4 X {1+1/2+. . . . . (1/2)n}=21 million (2.1*107).

Technical principles of blockchain

Blockchain timestamps all transactions through random hashing and merges them into an ever-extending random hash-based, working The proof-of-work chain is used as a transaction record. Unless all the proof-of-work is completed again, the transaction record cannot be changed. There are three steps to form a new block:

1. The miner packages the four parts of the "ledger, the header of the previous block, the timestamp, and the random number sequence X" within a period of time into a block;

2. The miner adjusts the random number of the block through a large number of calculationsColumn

3. Miners connect the new block with the previous block to form a new blockchain.

The number of patents is an important indicator for quantifying blockchain companies at this stage

The global blockchain industry is still in the early stages of development. Most companies are in the conceptual design stage and have no commercialized products. It is difficult for outsiders to objectively evaluate the pros and cons of startups. We believe that the number of blockchain invention patents can reflect the potential of each company and is an important indicator for distinguishing blockchain companies through quantitative means at this stage.

Investment advice: Based on the fundamentals of the company, focus on the value of the Internet in the blockchain era

With the development of the Internet to the present, its main function is to allow information to circulate on the Internet, and information can be copied. propagation method (A is copied to B). The "ledger" constructed by the blockchain is open, transparent, non-tamperable, peer-to-peer interconnected, and easy to trace, and builds an infrastructure based on a trust mechanism to allow the value of digital assets to circulate efficiently on the Internet, and digital assets occur on the Internet. Transfer of value (transfer from A to B, rather than copying from A to B). We are optimistic about the future of blockchain. However, the most important achievement of blockchain at this stage is the evangelism of ideas. Its emergence allows the market to see the shortcomings of the "Internet of Information" and the trend of the "Internet of Value".

Realizing the "Internet of Value" requires large-scale application implementation, not a single technology. At this stage, blockchain is still in its early stages of development. We are optimistic about the future of blockchain, but we do not overestimate the present of blockchain.

In the Hong Kong stock market, there are many companies involved in blockchain. Based on the company's fundamentals and the number of blockchain patents, we recommend Tencent Holdings and Launch Technology, maintaining performance forecasts and recommendation ratings.

Tencent (0700.HK): We expect the company’s revenue growth rate from 2019 to 2020 to be 22% and 22%, and net profit growth rate to 23% and 16%, of which NON-GAAP profit growth rate is 15%, 16%. The EPS corresponding to 2019 and 2020 are HK$10.4 and 12.1, and the target valuation range is maintained at 380 to 400 yuan, corresponding to 31 times to 33 times PE in 2020. The overweight rating is maintained.

Launch Technology (2488.HK): We predict that the company’s revenue growth rate from 2019 to 2020 will be 9.7% and 12.2%, and its net profit growth rate will be 69% and 29%, corresponding to EPS of 0.32, 0.42 Hong Kong dollars. We maintain a "buy rating" and recommend a reasonable valuation of HK$8-9, corresponding to 25-28 times PE in 2019.

Risk warning

1. Blockchain concepts cannot be turned into products. 2. The emergence of new technologies causes the blockchain to be falsified. 3. The profits from the company’s existing business cannot support the long-term R&D investment in blockchain.

Appendix: Blockchain-related companies in Hong Kong stocks

1. Tencent (0700.HK): There is a dedicated blockchain portal (https://trustsql.qq). On October 19, 2019, Tencent released the "2019 Tencent Blockchain White Paper" to provide an overall introduction to Tencent's blockchain. The solution includes the TrustSQL blockchain underlying platform and Tencent Cloud TBaaS, and details four Tencent blockchain best practices, including blockchain electronic invoices, micro-enterprise chain, Zhixin Chain and blockchain bank draft. Tencent, which focuses on "connection", continues to develop infrastructure construction in the field of blockchain and promotes the implementation of "blockchain+" industry solutions to promote value connections between enterprises and between enterprises and consumers. Through the "blockchain+" model, we empower the financial and real industries, promote the integration of blockchain and industry, and accelerate the construction of industrial blockchain.

2. China Mobile (0941.HK): On October 15, 2019, the Blockchain Service Network (BSN) press conference and event was hosted by the Information Center, hosted by China Mobile Communications Group Corporation and China UnionPay Co., Ltd., and co-organized by Beijing Hongzao Technology Co., Ltd. The Technology Development Summit Forum was successfully held in Beijing. China Mobile utilizes existing resources, cloud facilities and computing storage facility resources to conduct independent research and development and optimize existing facilities; as a new cornerstone, China Mobile promotes the mutual empowerment between 5G and blockchain.

3. Ping An of China (2318.HK): The number of global blockchain invention patent applications disclosed in 2018 was 84, ranking 7th in the world. Ping An relies on blockchain technology to improve the intelligent level of urban management. Ping An applies blockchain to medical health, targeted poverty alleviation, social welfare, etc.

5. ZhongAn Online (6060.HK): Anlian Cloud, a professional ecological cloud service platform based on artificial intelligence, blockchain and cryptography. The platform uses Zhongan Chain independently developed by Zhongan as its underlying infrastructure and also develops electronic signing , digital identity, distributed encrypted storage, certificate storage, traceability and other nearly 10 vertical applications.

6. Kingsoft (3888.HK): It was the first to implement Game + Blockchain applications and solutions. Currently, the game cloud business is exploring the application of blockchain technology and accelerating the expansion of the game ecosystem. In the first half of 2018, Kingsoft Cloud took the lead in launching the "project-X" plan for the entire ecosystem of blockchain games, realizing a project consisting of blockchain platform infrastructure construction, blockchain underlying technology, and blockchain game development, operation, and distribution. Complete blockchain game ecological structure.

7. HC Group (2280.HK): On January 31, 2018, HC Group announced that its first application scenario based on blockchain was officially launched. The cooperation framework agreement signed with Joyvio Technology will start from the agricultural field to build the HC Group District. Blockchain products use the advantages of industrial big data and blockchain application scenarios to expand the modern agricultural blockchain market.

8. YuanzhengkeTechnology (2488.HK): The company is China's earliest high-tech leading enterprise dedicated to the research and development and production of automobile diagnosis, testing, maintenance, and tire equipment. As a leader in the Internet of Vehicles industry, the company is deeply involved in exploring solutions for the integration and monetization of automotive big data. In 2018, the company ranked fifth in the world in terms of the number of blockchain-related patent applications, standing at the forefront of new blockchain technologies. The company has combined blockchain technology with industry applications and developed the "Super Chain Project" series product, a 4G vehicle data collection terminal with blockchain technology – GTBOX-I, tailored for the Internet of Vehicles industry. Launch Technology has publicly stated its position many times: No matter whether it is declining or rising, it refuses to get involved in digital currencies and ICOs. It neither public nor private placements, and concentrates on exploring the value of the chain.

9. Meitu Company (1357.HK): The vision of Meitu Blockchain is to connect the digital world and reality by creating a decentralized, secure and encrypted identity pass for users: Meitu Intelligent Passport (MIP - Meitu Intelligent Passport) world and create a trusted blockchain environment. On the one hand, Meitu Intelligent Pass (MIP) allows users to anchor assets scattered across various applications on the blockchain, and through face recognition AI verification, use various applications more conveniently and securely, and receive privacy protection; On the other hand, Meitu Intelligent Pass (MIP) also allows some services that require strong verification, such as the medical and education fields, to more effectively use blockchain to serve users.

10. Gome Retail (0493.HK): On April 14, 2018, according to Gome Retail, Gome has entered the era of comprehensive digitalization. Operating digital stores is Gome’s “No. 1 Project”, and the company’s focus on blockchain technology and decentralization Technology is always doing research. The relevant person in charge of Gome Retail said: Gome’s shared retail business model and employee beauty store retail strategy are very consistent with the decentralized model system of the blockchain. The employee beauty store is also a new channel that Gome hopes to build.

(Source of article: Guosen Securities)

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