到底是谁发明了区块链技术,到底是谁发明了区块链呢
区块链技术是一种新型的数据结构，它改变了传统的数据存储方式，使得数据存储更加安全、可靠、可信任。但是，到底是谁发明了区块链技术呢？
2008年，一位名叫中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）的神秘人士发表了一篇论文，宣布了区块链技术的诞生。这位神秘人士没有留下任何自己的信息，甚至没有给出任何有关自己的照片。
中本聪在论文中提出了一种新的数据结构，即区块链，它是一种分布式数据库，由一系列区块组成，每个区块都包含了一定数量的交易记录。这种数据结构具有去中心化、安全性高、可靠性强等特点，使得它成为了一种全新的数据存储方式。
中本聪用他的论文为区块链技术奠定了基础，但是他并没有完全提出完整的技术，而是提出了一种理念，让其他开发者进行改进和发展。
随后，许多开发者都致力于完善区块链技术，比如比特币的发明者李小龙（Vitalik Buterin），他提出了智能合约技术，使得区块链技术可以实现更多的功能。有了他们的努力，区块链技术得到了迅速发展，成为了当今最热门的科技之一。
总而言之，尽管中本聪是区块链技术的发明者，但是他并不是区块链技术的唯一开发者，他只是给出了一种理念，让其他开发者进行改进和发展，最终使得区块链技术发展到今天的地步。
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❶ Who invented Bitcoin
It was invented by the Japanese Satoshi Nakamoto, and it was determined by mining data
❷ Bitcoin and blocks What is the relationship between chains
We call the process of grabbing the accounting rights and obtaining Bitcoin rewards mining.
At first, Bitcoin had little value, and only its inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, was willing to mine it. After Satoshi Nakamoto quietly mined more than 1 million Bitcoins, people finally began to join the mining team. Later, some physical stores, websites, etc. began to accept Bitcoin payments. People's demand for Bitcoins increased, and Bitcoins became more and more valuable.
3. In essence, Bitcoin is a supporting virtual token of blockchain technology. Without the existence of blockchain, there would be no Bitcoin.
❸ Who invented the blockchain and what does it have to do with Bitcoin
Satoshi Nakamoto, a member of the Cryptozoological Society, invented the blockchain based on previous experience .
A technology of Bitcoin is called blockchain, and the correct translation should be element chain.
@ Blockchain God Tucao
❹ One article to understand the Internet blockchain
One article to understand the Internet blockchain
One article to understand the Internet To understand blockchain, you have to study the brief history of blockchain technology development starting from the birth of the Internet, discover the motivations for blockchain, and infer the future of blockchain. Let’s understand the Internet blockchain in one article.
Understand the Internet blockchain in one article 1The originator of blockchain is mahjong, and the earliest blockchain was invented by the Chinese! The blockchain is just like Mahjong, except that Mahjong has fewer blocks. Mahjong only has 136 blocks. The rules of Mahjong vary from place to place and can be regarded as a hard fork of Bitcoin.
As the oldest blockchain project, Mahjong has a group of four miners. The first one to dig out the 13 correct hash values will get the accounting rights and rewards. It adopts the method of being willing to admit defeat and not cheating. Thousands of consensus mechanisms!
Mahjong is decentralized, everyone can be the banker, and it is completely peer-to-peer.
Mining pool = commission from the boss of the chess and card room.
It cannot be tampered with, because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.
A typical value Internet. The value in my pocket didn't last eight rounds before it went into their pockets.
The Chinese are basically good at playing mahjong. In terms of blockchain, they produce 70% to 80% of the world’s mining machines and have the most computing power in the world, accounting for about 77% of the computing power.
Mahjong is actually the earliest blockchain project:
1. A group of four miners. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 13 numbers can obtain the accounting rights. and get rewarded.
2. It cannot be tampered with. Because convincing the other three people requires eliminatingIt consumes too much computing power and physical strength.
3. Typical value Internet. The valuable digital currency www.gendan5.com/digitalcurrency/btc.html in my pocket ran into their pockets after eight rounds.
4. Decentralization, everyone can be a banker, it is completely peer-to-peer.
5. UTXO, unspent transaction expenses.
There is another blockchain method of credit, assuming that everyone has no cash
Let’s take a closer look. When everyone reaches a consensus, we see There is no intermediary or third party to judge whether C wins, and the rewards given to C do not need to be transferred to C through a third party. They are all direct peer-to-peer transactions. This process is decentralized, and players (miners) record their own records. After recording the results of the first game, B Dahu drew thirteen pieces, and B got Jia Dongfeng. After the record was completed, a complete block was generated, but remember, this was only the first game. In the entire blockchain , this is just one node. After the 8 rounds mentioned at the beginning, there are 8 nodes (blocks). The 8 blocks are connected together to form a complete ledger, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one of this ledger, it is a distributed ledger. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with the record. At the end of the game, it is clear who wins and who loses.
Four men (A, B, C, and D) got together to play mahjong for money. None of them brought any cash, so they asked a beautiful woman (centralized) to keep a book and record who won how much money in each round. , Who lost how much? At the end of the day, everyone uses Alipay or WeChat to pay and settle the ledger. However, if this beauty made a mistake in accounting or was bribed by one of the four people in advance to make a mistake on purpose, there is no guarantee that the outcome of this game will be fair, just, and reasonable. ,dont you agree? then what should we do? If you "play mahjong", you can use "blockchain" as the game rules and adapt it as follows:
Four men (A, B, C and D) got together to play mahjong for money. No one brought any cash. B said Let the beauty she brought keep accounts. A said that none of us knew this beauty, so the four of them, A, B, C, and D, agreed that everyone would keep accounts at the same time (decentralized) on their mobile phones (blockchain nodes) for each game. ), after finally playing mahjong and paying with electronic money directly on the mobile phone, everyone checked the accounting results. The accounting results should have been the same.
Assume that the original result is the account recorded on A’s mobile phone: B owes A 10 yuan. However, the record on B's mobile phone shows that there is no debt, but the other two people (C and D) have the same accounting as A, so the settlement is still based on the majority rule. In addition, everyone has a bad impression of B's integrity. Next The first time I play mahjong, I won’t take B to play with me.
Unless B bribes two people (C and D) in advance to deliberately cheat, but the cost of B bribes them is 100,000 yuan (10,000 times the default of 10 yuan), then in common sense, B only You can choose to give up because the cost of counterfeiting is too high.
Assume that even if B is secretly willing to pay a high price of 100,000 yuan to buy C and D to do this silly cat transaction with huge losses during the card game, the rules of the blockchain are based on time stamp accounting. , it turns out that B owed A 10 yuan when debiting the account at 1 p.m., that is, when C and D changed the account at 3 p.m., time is irreversible and they can only record 3 p.m., which is inconsistent with the rules of the game. .
In fact, in 2017 the blogger has developed a set of Mahjong coins
China’s earliest blockchain project: a group of four miners, first starting from 148 random numbers The miner who collides with the correct hash value of 14 numbers can obtain an accounting right incentive. Since distributed accounting requires the consensus of several other miners, each accounting transaction takes about ten minutes.
Understanding the Internet Blockchain in One Article 21. Before the birth of Bitcoin, 5 Internet technologies that will have a significant impact on the future of the blockchain
In 1969, the Internet was born in the United States. Since then, the Internet has expanded from four research institutions in the United States to the entire planet. In terms of application, it has expanded from the earliest military and scientific research to all aspects of human life. In the nearly 50 years since the birth of the Internet, five technologies have been of particularly great significance to the future development of blockchain.
1. The TCP/IP protocol born in 1974: determines the position of blockchain in the Internet technology ecosystem
In 1974, the most critical step in the development of the Internet was taken by The TCP/IP protocol, the core communication technology of the Internet jointly developed by American scientists Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, was officially launched.
This protocol enables the transmission of information between different computers and even different types of networks. All computers connected to the network can communicate and interact as long as they comply with this protocol.
In layman's terms, Internet data can travel tens of thousands of kilometers to reach the computer users who need it. This is mainly because the Internet world has formed a unified information dissemination mechanism. That is to say, Internet devices follow a unified law-TCP/IP protocol when disseminating information.
Understanding the TCP/IP protocol is of great significance to mastering the Internet and blockchain. After the invention of TCP/IP in 1974, the entire Internet was between the underlying hardware devices, the intermediate network protocols and the network Addresses have always been relatively stable, but an endless stream of innovative applications are emerging at the top application layer, including news, e-commerce, social networks, QQ, WeChat, and blockchain technology.
In other words, in the technical ecology of the Internet, blockchain is a new technology at the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. Its emergence, operation and development have not affected the underlying infrastructure and communication protocols of the Internet. , is still one of the many software technologies that operates according to the TCP/IP protocol.
2. Cisco router technology born in 1984: It is based on blockchain technologyImitation object
In December 1984, Cisco was established in the United States. The founders were a couple from Stanford University, Leonard Posak, director of the computer center, and Santi, director of the computer center of the business school. Lerner, they designed a networking device called a "multi-protocol router" and placed it in the Internet's communication lines to help data accurately and quickly reach the other end of the Internet thousands of kilometers away.
In the entire Internet hardware layer, tens of millions of routers are busy working, directing the transmission of Internet information. An important function of Cisco routers is that each router saves a complete Internet device address table. Once something happens Changes will be synchronized to tens of millions of other routers (theoretically), ensuring that each router can calculate the shortest and fastest path.
When you see the operation process of the router, you will feel very familiar. That is the important feature of the blockchain later. The significance of understanding the router lies in the important features of the blockchain. It has been implemented on the router in 1984. For the router, even if the node device is damaged or attacked by hackers, it will not affect the transmission of the entire Internet information.
3. The B/S (C/S) architecture that was born with the World Wide Web: the opponent of the blockchain and the target of attempted subversion
The World Wide Web is referred to as the Web and is divided into Web clients and server. All updated information is only modified on the Web server. Thousands, tens of thousands, or even tens of millions of other client computers do not retain the information and only obtain the information data when accessing the server. This structure is also often referred to as the Internet B/S architecture is a centralized architecture. This architecture is also the most important architecture of the current Internet. Internet giants such as Google, Facebook, Tencent, Alibaba, and Amazon have all adopted this architecture.
Understanding the B/S architecture will be of great significance to the subsequent understanding of blockchain technology. The B/S architecture is that data is only stored in the central server, and all other computers obtain information from the server. Blockchain technology has tens of millions of computers without a center, and all data will be synchronized to all computers. This is the core of blockchain technology.
4. Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P): Blockchain The father of the chain and its technical basis
Peer-to-peer network P2P is another Internet infrastructure corresponding to C/S (B/S). Its characteristic is that multiple computers connected to each other are connected to each other. In a peer-to-peer position, there is no distinction between master and slave. A computer can be used as a server, setting shared resources for use by other computers in the network, and as a workstation.
Napster is one of the earliest P2P systems, mainly used for music resource sharing. Napster cannot be regarded as a true peer-to-peer network system. On March 14, 2000, a message was posted on the Slashdot mailing list of the US underground hacker site, saying that AOL's Nullsoft has released Gnutella, an open source Napster clone.
In the Gnutella distributed peer-to-peer network model, each networked computer is functionally peer, serving as both a client and a server, so Gnutella is called the first true peer-to-peer network model. Network Architecture.
In the past 20 years, some Internet technology giants such as Microsoft and IBM, as well as liberals, hackers, and even criminals who infringe intellectual property rights, have continued to promote the development of peer-to-peer networks. Of course, those on the Internet want to strengthen information sharing. The idealists also put a lot of enthusiasm into peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain is a software application based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. It is a benchmark application for peer-to-peer networks trying to break out from the silence of the past.
5. Hash algorithm: the key to generating Bitcoin and tokens (tokens)
The hash algorithm converts numbers of any length into fixed-length values using a hash function. Algorithms, famous hash functions such as: MD4, MD5, SHS, etc. It is a member of the family of cryptographic functions defined by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology.
This family of algorithms is crucial to the functioning of the entire world. From Internet application stores, emails, anti-virus software, to browsers, etc., all of them are using secure hashing algorithms. It can determine whether Internet users have downloaded what they want, and it can also determine whether Internet users are involved in man-in-the-middle attacks or network attacks. Victim of a phishing attack.
The process of blockchain and its application to generate new coins from Bitcoin or other virtual currencies is to use the function of the hash algorithm to perform operations to obtain numbers that meet the format requirements, and then the blockchain program gives Bitcoin rewards.
Mining, including Bitcoin and tokens, is actually a small mathematical game built with a hash algorithm. However, because of the fierce competition, people all over the world used powerful servers to perform calculations in order to get the rewards first. As a result, many computers on the Internet participated in this little mathematical game, which even consumed more than 40% of the electricity in some countries.
2. The birth and technical core of blockchain
The birth of blockchain should be the most unusual and mysterious invention and technology in the history of human science, because in addition to blockchain, to So far, there is no major invention in the history of modern science whose inventor cannot be found.
On October 31, 2008, Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) published a paper on the cryptography mailing group - "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". In this paper, the author claims to have invented a new electronic currency system that is not controlled by governments or institutions. Blockchain technology is the basis for supporting the operation of Bitcoin.
The preprint address of the paper is at http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. From an academic point of view, this paper is far from a qualified paper., the main body of the article is composed of 8 flow charts and corresponding explanatory text. No nouns and terms are defined, and the format of the paper is also very irregular.
In January 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released an application case of blockchain on the SourceForge website - the open source software of the Bitcoin system. After the release of the open source software, it is said that Satoshi Nakamoto mined approximately 1 million bits. Coin. A week later, Satoshi Nakamoto sent 10 Bitcoins to cryptography expert Hal Finney, which became the first transaction in Bitcoin history. With the booming development of Bitcoin, research on blockchain technology has also begun to show explosive growth.
It is indeed difficult to fully and clearly explain the blockchain to the public. We use Bitcoin as the object to introduce the technical characteristics of the blockchain as simply as possible but in depth.
1. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application
As we mentioned before, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Internet formed two major types of applications. Architecture, centralized B/S architecture and non-centered peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. Many Internet giants such as Alibaba, Sina, Amazon, etc. all have centralized B/S architecture. Simply put, it is data Put it in a giant server, and our ordinary users can access the servers of Alibaba, Sina and other websites through mobile phones and personal computers.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been many software applications for freely sharing music, videos, and paper materials. Most of them use a peer-to-peer network (P2P) architecture, that is, there is no central server, everyone's personal computer They are all servers and clients, with equal status. However, this type of application has never become popular. The main reasons are large resource consumption and intellectual copyright issues. Blockchain is a software application in this field.
2. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application that synchronizes information across the entire network
Peer-to-peer networks also have many application methods. In many cases, everyone is not required to Each computer keeps the same information. Everyone only stores the information they need, and downloads it to other computers when needed.
However, in order to support Bitcoin financial transactions, the blockchain requires that every transaction that occurs must be written into historical transaction records and change information be sent to all computers with Bitcoin programs installed. Every computer with Bitcoin software installed maintains the latest and complete Bitcoin historical transaction information.
The characteristics of blockchain's network-wide synchronization and network-wide backup are often referred to as blockchain information security, and the source cannot be changed. Although it is still not absolutely safe in practice, when the number of users is very large, it does have certain security advantages in preventing information tampering.
3. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses a hash algorithm to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network
Area The first application of blockchain is the famous Bitcoin. When discussing BitcoinWhen it comes to currency, a term that is often mentioned is “mining”, so what exactly is mining?
The metaphor is that the blockchain program gives the miners (players) 256 coins, numbered 1, 2, 3...256. Each time a Hash operation is performed, it is like tossing a coin. 256 coins are thrown at the same time. After landing, if all the coins with the first 70 numbers happen to be heads. The miner can tell the blockchain program this number, and the blockchain will reward the miner with 50 Bitcoins.
From the perspective of software programs, Bitcoin mining is a mathematical game built using the hash SHA256 function. The blockchain first stipulates a winning mode in this small game: a 256-bit hash number is given, but the last 70 bits of the hash number are all 0, and then the player (miner) continuously enters various numbers. Give the hash SHA256 function and see if you can use this function to get a number with 70 zeros. If you find one, the blockchain program will reward the player with 50 Bitcoins. Actual mining and rewards are more complex, but the above example expresses the core process of mining and obtaining Bitcoin.
When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. According to the design of the Bitcoin program, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million.
From the above introduction, Bitcoin can be seen as a guessing game based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. The Bitcoin information rewarded for each correct guess will be transmitted to all players and recorded. into each player's history database.
4. Smart contracts, tokens, ICOs and blockchain basic platforms generated by blockchain technology due to the rise of Bitcoin
From the above introduction, Bitcoin technology It is not a new technology falling from the sky, but a clever combination of various original Internet technologies, such as peer-to-peer network architecture, network-wide synchronization of routing, and network security encryption technology. It can be regarded as a combination of innovative algorithm games. .
Because Bitcoin can be exchanged for legal currency, purchased in kind, and made huge profits through appreciation, the whole world is not calm. With the attitude that if you can do it, I can do it, many people have created their own imitation Bitcoin software applications. At the same time, taking advantage of the difficulty for the government to regulate peer-to-peer networks, various altcoins exploded together with Bitcoin. There have been many incidents of fraud and absconding, which have gradually attracted the attention of governments around the world.
Blockchain basic platform: It is still quite technically difficult to create currency using the blockchain technology framework. At this time, the blockchain basic platform Ethereum and other basic technology platformsIt has appeared, allowing ordinary people to easily create "Bitcoin"-like software programs, show their magical powers, invite people to join the game to mine coins, speculate in coins, and obtain benefits from it.
Pass or token: If each "Bitcoin" or "Altcoin" uses a hash algorithm to create a guessing game and generates its own "currency", this "currency" is collectively referred to as " "Certificate" or "Token".
ICO: Since Bitcoin and Ethereum have been exchanged with the legal currencies of various countries, when other new virtual currencies are issued, only Bitcoin and Ethereum are allowed to purchase the new issued coins. This process of issuing coins It’s called ICO. The emergence of ICO has amplified the transaction volume of Bitcoin and Ethereum. At the same time, many ICO projects are completely based on nihilistic projects, resulting in a large number of frequent fraud cases. This further deepens society’s negative understanding of virtual currencies generated by blockchain.
Smart contract: It can be seen as a software function on the blockchain. It is a program that assists various virtual currency transactions on the blockchain. The specific function is like the fund custody of Alipay on Taobao. When a user receives goods and confirms them on Alipay, the funds are automatically paid to the buyer and owner. Smart contracts also assume this intermediary payment function in blockchain applications such as Bitcoin.
3. The historical status and future prospects of blockchain technology in the Internet
1. Where does blockchain stand in Internet technology? It is a new software and architecture at the top level.
We mentioned in the previous introduction to TCP/IP that blockchain, like browsers, QQ, WeChat, online game software, mobile APPs, etc., is a software form of the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. . Its operation still relies on the TCP/IP architecture system to transmit data. But unlike most application layer software, it does not adopt the central software architecture of C/S (B/S). Instead, an unusual peer-to-peer network architecture is adopted. From this point of view, blockchain cannot subvert the Internet infrastructure.
2. Who does blockchain want to subvert? Want to subvert the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web.
It attempts to subvert the B/S, C/S structure of the World Wide Web, which was born in 1989. Said before. Since 1989, European physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and gave up applying for a patent. In the past nearly 30 years, companies including Google, Amazon, Facebook, Alibaba, Internet, Tencent and other companies have used the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web to grow into Internet giants.
In their headquarters, a powerful central server cluster was established to store massive amounts of data. Hundreds of millions of users obtained the data they needed from the giant servers. This also led to the emergence of cloud computing, and then the Internet giants Open up your unused central server resources to further absorb data from enterprises, governments, and individuals. Centralized Internet giants have an increasing influence on the world, countries, and Internet users.
The goal of blockchainIt attempts to reduce the influence of Internet giants by distributing data to each Internet user's computer. It can be seen that the real opponent of the blockchain and what it wants to subvert is the B/S (C/S) structure born in 1990. . But whether it can be subverted depends on its technical advantages and bottlenecks.
3. Technical flaws of blockchain: dilemmas caused by the pursuit of complete equality and freedom
The technical flaws of blockchain first come from its peer-to-peer network architecture. For example For example, Taobao currently has a B/S structure, and massive data is stored in the Taobao server cluster computer room. Hundreds of millions of consumers access the Taobao server website through their browsers to obtain the latest information and historical information.
If blockchain technology is used, hundreds of millions of people will retain a complete Taobao database on their personal computers or mobile phones. Every time a transaction occurs, it will be synchronized to hundreds of millions of other users. This is completely unachievable in reality. The amount of data transferred and stored is too large. It is equivalent to setting up and running hundreds of millions of Taobao websites at the same time.
Therefore, blockchain cannot be applied to projects with large amounts of data, and even smaller website projects will have difficulty using blockchain. By 2018, Bitcoin had been running for nearly 10 years, and the accumulated transaction data had brought the entire system to collapse.
So the blockchain has adopted many alternative methods, such as establishing relay nodes and lightning nodes. These two concepts can also make people confused. In layman's terms, the blockchain will ask it for The subversive object B/S structure has been studied, and a data server center has been established to become the relay node of the blockchain, which can also be accessed with a browser-like terminal. This is the lightning node of the blockchain.
This change can alleviate the technical shortcomings of the blockchain, but it does make the blockchain what it opposes, centralization. It can be seen that pure blockchain technology has major flaws due to its technical characteristics and cannot be widely used like the World Wide Web. If the technology is upgraded and some parts adopt a B/S (C/S) structure, the blockchain will become centralized. The information node no longer maintains the dream when it was born.
4. Looking at the future prospects of blockchain from the Internet brain model
We know that the Internet generally refers to the Internet that connects computer networks around the world. On this basis The development of a global Internet network covering the whole world is called the Internet, which is a network structure that is interconnected.
Since the birth of the Internet in 1969, humans have innovated in the Internet field from different directions, and there is no unified plan to build the Internet into a structure. When the wheel of time reaches 2017, with the advent of artificial intelligence, With the vigorous development of science and technology such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robots, virtual reality, and the industrial Internet, when humans look up to see the giant systems they have created, the model and architecture of the Internet brain have become increasingly clear.
Through nearly 20 years of development, relying on the B/S, C/S structure of the World Wide Web, Tencent QQ, WeChat, and FaceboOK, Weibo, Twitter, and Amazon have developed neuron network-like structures. Internet devices, especially personal computers and mobile phones, map personal data and functional space on the giant's central server through the software on the device, allowing them to add friends, communicate and transfer information. Internet giants continue to optimize the software versions of hundreds of millions of terminals through software upgrades in central server clusters. In the neurological system, this is a standard central nervous system structure.
The birth of the blockchain provides another neuron model. Instead of uniformly managing neurons in the centralized services of giants, each terminal, including personal computers and personal mobile phones, becomes an independent neuron node. , retaining an independent data space and synchronizing mutual information. In the neurological system, this is a distributed neural structure with no center and multiple neural nodes.
Interestingly, these two different types of neural structures appear in the development of the nervous system. In lower organisms, blockchain-like neural structures have appeared. There are multiple ganglia with the same functions, all of which can command body activities and reactions. However, as organisms evolve, these ganglia gradually merge. When they evolve into higher In biology, the central nervous system appeared, which contains a large number of neurons that interact with each other.
4. Judgment on the future status of blockchain in the Internet
1. Understanding of Bitcoin: a guessing game based on peer-to-peer network architecture (P2P), Through clever financial and public opinion operations, it has become a "world currency" that is not subject to government supervision.
2. Understanding of blockchain: a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses hashing algorithms to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network.
3. Blockchain has specific uses, such as large-scale election voting, large-scale gambling, financial transactions that circumvent government financial supervision, etc. It still has irreplaceable uses.
4. In more cases, blockchain technology will rely on the B/S and C/S structures of the Internet to achieve functional expansion, but overall it is still a supplement to the existing technology of the Internet. Most of the application scenarios currently envisaged by blockchain can be implemented using B/S and C/S structures, with higher efficiency and more mature technology.
5. Whether from the perspective of information transmission efficiency and resource consumption, or from the evolution of the nervous system, blockchain cannot become the mainstream architecture of the Internet, let alone a subversive and revolutionary leader of the future Internet.
6. Of course, Internet giants developed with B/S and C/S structures also have their problems, but these can be gradually solved through commercial and political methods in the future.
❺ Who invented Bitcoin
The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The open source software and construction were designed and released based on Satoshi Nakamoto’s ideas. P2P network on it. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. point-to-point transmissionMeans a decentralized payment system.
Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm All transactions are recorded, and cryptographic design is used to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins. Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred or paid only by real owners. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between Bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that its total quantity is very limited and it is extremely scarce. The currency system had no more than 10.5 million coins in 4 years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million coins.
Bitcoin can be cashed out and converted into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, Bitcoin can also be used to purchase items in real life. [1][2]
On February 26, 2014, West Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin issued an open letter to multiple regulatory agencies of the US federal government, hoping that relevant agencies could We pay attention to the fact that Bitcoin encourages illegal activities and disrupts financial order, and requires that action be taken as soon as possible to completely ban this electronic currency. [3]
Starting from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major Bitcoin platforms officially began to charge transaction fees. [4]
Chinese name
Bitcoin
Foreign name
Bitcoin
Type
Electronic currency
Circulation platform
Network
Concept founder
Satoshi Nakamoto
Development Cheng Cheng Ting Voice
When the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, someone published a paper under the pseudonym "Satoshi Nakamoto" describing the Bitcoin model.
2 photos in total
Bitcoin
Compared with legal currency, Bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, but is generated by the calculation of network nodes. Anyone can participate in the creation of Bitcoins, and they can be circulated around the world. They can be bought and sold on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where they are, anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoins, and trade them. During the process, outsiders cannot identify the user’s identity information. [2] In 2009, Bitcoin, which is not controlled by the central bank or any financial institution, was born. [2] Bitcoin is an “electronic currency” consisting ofComposed of a series of complex codes generated by a computer, new Bitcoins are created through preset programs. As the total number of Bitcoins increases, the rate of new coin creation slows down until it reaches a total limit of 21 million in 2014. The total number of Bitcoins mined has exceeded 12 million. [2]
Whenever Bitcoin enters the mainstream media's field of vision, the mainstream media will always ask some mainstream economists to analyze Bitcoin. Early on, these analyzes always focused on whether Bitcoin was a scam. Today's analysis always focuses on whether Bitcoin can become the mainstream currency in the future. The focus of debate often focuses on the deflationary characteristics of Bitcoin. [5]
Many Bitcoin players are attracted by the fact that Bitcoin cannot be issued at will. In contrast to the attitudes of Bitcoin players, economists have polarized attitudes towards the fixed total supply of 21 million Bitcoins. [6]
Economists of the Keynesian school believe that the government should actively regulate the monetary aggregates and use the loosening and tightening of monetary policy to fuel or brake the economy in a timely manner. Therefore, they believe that Bitcoin’s fixed total currency sacrifices controllability, and what’s worse is that it will inevitably lead to deflation, thereby harming the overall economy. Austrian economists hold the opposite view. They believe that the less government intervention in currency, the better. Deflation caused by the fixed monetary aggregate is not a big deal, and is even a sign of social progress.
The Bitcoin network generates new Bitcoins through "mining." The so-called "mining" is essentially the use of computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of the distributed accounting system of the Bitcoin network. The Bitcoin network automatically adjusts the difficulty of math questions so that the entire network gets a qualified answer approximately every 10 minutes. The Bitcoin network will then generate a certain amount of Bitcoin as a bounty to reward those who get the answer.
When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Subsequently, Bitcoin increased at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. [7]
First of all, according to its design principle, the total amount of Bitcoin will continue to grow until the day it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. However, the total amount of Bitcoin currency will grow very slowly in the later period. In fact, 87.5% of all Bitcoins will be mined within the first 12 years. Therefore, from the perspective of the total amount of money, Bitcoin will not reach a fixed amount. In fact, its total amount of money will continue to expand, although the speed is getting slower and slower. So it seems that Bitcoin is an inflationary currency.
However, judging whether it is deflation or expansion does not depend on whether the total amount of money is decreasing or increasing., but depends on whether the overall price level falls or rises. An increase in overall prices is inflation, and vice versa is deflation. In the long run, the issuance mechanism of Bitcoin determines that the growth rate of its total monetary volume will be much lower than the growth rate of social wealth.
Economists of the Keynesian school believe that continued decline in prices will make people tend to postpone consumption, because the same dollar can buy more things tomorrow. The reduction in willingness to consume has further led to shrinking demand and unsaleable goods, making prices even lower and entering a vicious cycle of "deflationary spiral". Similarly, deflationary currency can appreciate even if it is not deposited in the bank (purchasing power becomes stronger and stronger), people's willingness to invest will also increase, and social production will also fall into a downturn. [5] Therefore, Bitcoin is a currency with deflationary tendencies. In the Bitcoin economy, the prices of goods priced in Bitcoin will continue to fall. [1]
Bitcoin is an online virtual currency with a limited quantity, but it can be used for cash: it can be exchanged for the currencies of most countries. You can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use Bitcoin to purchase items in real life. [1][1]
On September 9, 2014, the American e-commerce giant eBay announced that its payment processing subsidiary Braintree would begin accepting Bitcoin payments. The company has partnered with Bitcoin trading platform Coinbase to begin accepting this relatively new payment method.
Although the eBay marketplace and PayPal business do not yet accept Bitcoin payments, Braintree customers such as travel home rental community Airbnb and car rental service Uber will begin to accept the virtual currency. Braintree, whose main business is providing payment processing software to businesses, was acquired by eBay last year for about $800 million.
On the evening of January 22, 2017, Huobi, Bitcoin China and OKCoin successively issued announcements on their respective official websites, stating that in order to further curb speculation and prevent violent price fluctuations, each platform will The transaction service fee will be charged starting from 12:00 noon on January 24. The service fee is charged at a fixed rate of 0.2% of the transaction amount, and the rates for active transactions and passive transactions are the same. [4] On May 5, the latest data from OKCoin showed that the price of Bitcoin had just refreshed history again, reaching a high of 9222 points as of press time. [8]
Founder of Wuting Voice
On November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto posted on a secret cryptography comment group He wrote a research report describing his new idea of electronic currency-Bitcoin was launched, and the first transaction of Bitcoin was completed. Bitcoin spreads with disclosureThe general ledger is free from the constraints of third-party institutions, and Satoshi Nakamoto calls it a "regional chain." Users are willing to donate their CPU computing power and run a special software to be a "miner", which will form a network to jointly maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they will also generate new currencies. Transactions are also carried out on this network, and computers running this software can crack irreversible cryptographic problems, which contain multiple transaction data. The first "miner" to solve the problem will be rewarded with 50 Bitcoins, and the relevant transaction area will be added to the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, so does the difficulty of each puzzle, which keeps the Bitcoin production rate per trading block at about 10 minutes.
Kyoto University Mathematics Professor Mochizuki Shinichi
In 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto designed a digital currency, Bitcoin. The booming Bitcoin market has gone up and down, and The identity of its founder "Satoshi Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about the "Father of Bitcoin" involve everyone from the National Security Agency to financial experts, giving Bitcoin a mysterious halo.
According to foreign media reports, computer scientist Ted Nelson posted a video on the Internet on Sunday saying that he had determined that the founder of Bitcoin was Kyoto University mathematics professor Shinichi Mochizuki. The founder of Bitcoin has always used the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, and there has been a lot of speculation about his true identity on the Internet. Nelson posted a video saying that he had determined that Mochizuki Shinichi was the true founder of Bitcoin. [9]
Mochizuki Shinichi became famous in 2013 for proving the ABC conjecture. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy in high school, one of the most prestigious high schools in the United States, graduating after just two years. Shinichi Mochizuki entered Princeton University in the United States at the age of 16, left the school with a Ph.D. at the age of 22, and became a full professor at the age of 33. It is extremely rare in academia to obtain the title of full professor at such a young age. The superstar of mathematics may have cracked one of the most important problems in the field.
Satoshi Nakamoto himself left very little personal information on the Internet, and has almost completely disappeared in recent years, so his life experience has become a mystery. On March 7, 2014, when the news broke that the founder of Bitcoin, Dorian P. Satoshi Nakamoto, was found, it quickly became the most fascinating news on the Internet.
Unlike outside speculation that it may be a fictitious name, "Satoshi Nakamoto" is a real name. He is a 64-year-old Japanese-American who likes to collect model trains and once worked for a large company. and the U.S. military, doing classified work. For the past 40 years, Satoshi Nakamoto has never used his real name in life. According to 1973 files in the U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, when he graduated from California Polytechnic State University at the age of 23, he changed his name to Dorian Prentis Nakamoto.ce Satoshi Nakamoto). Since then, he no longer uses the name "Song" and uses Dorian S. Nakamoto as his signature. [9]
Principle of production Listen to the voice
Starting from the essence of Bitcoin, the essence of Bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution refers to a set of infinite (in fact, Bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained by a system of equations. And every special solution can solve the equation and is unique. [10] Using RMB as an analogy, Bitcoin is the serial number of RMB. Once you know the serial number on a certain banknote, you own the banknote. The mining process is to continuously seek special solutions to this system of equations through a huge amount of calculations. This system of equations is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of Bitcoin is 21 million. [10]
Crazy Rise
To mine Bitcoin, you can download a dedicated Bitcoin computing tool, then register on various cooperative websites, and fill in the registered username and password into the calculation In the program, click Calculation to officially start. [11] After completing the Bitcoin client installation, you can directly obtain a Bitcoin address. When others pay, you only need to post the address to others, and you can pay through the same client. After the Bitcoin client is installed, it will be assigned a private key and a public key. You need to back up your wallet data containing private keys to ensure that your property is not lost. If unfortunately the hard drive is completely formatted, one's Bitcoins will be completely lost.
Currency characteristics Listen to voice
Decentralization: Bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency. The entire network is composed of users and there is no central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of Bitcoin’s security and freedom.
Circulation around the world: Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. Anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoin regardless of location.
Exclusive ownership: Manipulating Bitcoin requires a private key, which can be isolated and stored on any storage medium. No one can obtain it except the user himself.
Low transaction fees: It is free to remit Bitcoin, but there will ultimately be a transaction fee of approximately 1 bit cent per transaction to ensure faster transaction execution.
No hidden costs: As a means of payment from A to B, Bitcoin has no cumbersome limits and procedures. You can make the payment by knowing the other party's Bitcoin address.
Cross-platform mining: Users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms.
Advantages
Completely decentralized. Without an issuing agency, it is impossible to control the issuance quantity. Its issuance and circulation are realized through the open source p2p algorithm.
Anonymous, tax-free and free from supervision.
Robustness. Bitcoin completely relies on the p2p network and has no issuance center, so the outside world cannot shut it down. The price of Bitcoin may fluctuate and collapse, and many governments may declare it illegal, but Bitcoin and Bitcoin’s huge p2p network will not disappear.
Borderless, cross-border. Cross-border remittances will pass through layers of foreign exchange control agencies, and transaction records will be recorded by multiple parties. But if you use Bitcoin to trade, you can directly enter the digital address, click the mouse, and wait for the p2p network to confirm the transaction, and a large amount of money will be gone. It does not go through any control agency and will not leave any cross-border transaction records.
It is difficult for copycats to survive. Since the Bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, and recompile it to create a new p2p currency. However, these counterfeit currencies are fragile and extremely susceptible to 51% attacks. Any individual or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a p2p currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency values at will, which will cause a devastating blow to the p2p currency. Many altcoins fail at this point. The Bitcoin network is already robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the Bitcoin network, the number of CPU/GPU required will be an astronomical number.
Disadvantages
Fragility of the trading platform. The Bitcoin network is robust, but Bitcoin trading platforms are fragile. The trading platform is usually a website, and the website can be hacked or shut down by the authorities.
Transaction confirmation takes a long time. When a Bitcoin wallet is first installed, it will take a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. When doing Bitcoin transactions, in order to confirm the accuracy of the data, it will take some time to interact with the p2p network. The transaction will not be completed until the entire network confirms it.
Prices are extremely volatile. Due to the involvement of a large number of speculators, the price of converting Bitcoin to cash has fluctuated like a roller coaster. Making Bitcoin more suitable for speculation rather than anonymous transactions.
The public does not understand the principles, and there is resistance from traditional financial practitioners. Active netizens understand the principles of p2p networks and know that Bitcoin cannot be manipulated and controlled by humans. But the public doesn’t understand, and many people can’t even tell the difference between Bitcoin and Q Coin. "No issuer" is the advantage of Bitcoin, but in the eyes of traditional financial practitioners, currencies with "no issuer" are worthless. [12]
Currency trading listening to voice
Purchase method
Users can buy Bitcoin, and they can also use computers to perform a large number of calculations according to algorithms to " Mining” Bitcoin. When a user "mines" Bitcoin, he or she needs to use a computer to search for a 64-bit number, and then compete with other gold miners by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the Bitcoin network with the required number. If the user's computer successfully creates A set of numbers, then you will get 25 Bitcoins.
Due to the decentralized programming of the Bitcoin system, only 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes, and by 2140, the upper limit of circulating Bitcoins will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from destroying the code.
Transaction method
Bitcoin is electronic cash similar to email. Both parties to the transaction need a "Bitcoin wallet" similar to an email address and a "Bitcoin address" similar to an email address. Just like sending and receiving emails, the remitter pays Bitcoin directly to the other party according to the recipient's address through a computer or smartphone. The following table lists some of the websites where you can download Bitcoin wallets and addresses for free.
A Bitcoin address is a string of letters and numbers about 33 characters long, always starting with 1 or 3, such as "". Bitcoin software can automatically generate addresses. When generating addresses, there is no need to connect to the Internet to exchange information, and it can be done offline [2]. There are more than 2 Bitcoin addresses available. To put it figuratively, there are about 2 grains of sand in the world. If there is an earth in each grain of sand, then the total number of Bitcoin addresses far exceeds the number of all the sand on all these "earths".
Bitcoin addresses and private keys appear in pairs, and their relationship is like a bank card number and password. A Bitcoin address is like a bank card number used to record how many Bitcoins you have at that address. You can generate a Bitcoin address at will to store Bitcoins. When each Bitcoin address is generated, a corresponding private key for the address will be generated. This private key proves your ownership of the Bitcoins at that address. We can simply understand the Bitcoin address as a bank card number, and the private key of the address as the password of the corresponding bank card number. You can only use the money on your bank card number if you know your bank password. Therefore, please save your address and private key when using a Bitcoin wallet.
After Bitcoin transaction data is packaged into a "data block" or "block", the transaction is initially confirmed. When a block is linked to the previous block, the transaction will be further confirmed. After 6 consecutive block confirmations, the transaction is basically confirmed irreversibly. The Bitcoin peer-to-peer network stores all transaction history in the "blockchain". The blockchain continues to lengthen, and once new blocks are added to the blockchain, they cannot be removed. The blockchain is actually a group of decentralized user-side nodes and a distributed database composed of all participants. It is a record of the history of all Bitcoin transactions. Satoshi Nakamoto predicted that when the amount of data increases, the client hopes that not all of the data will be stored in its own node. To achieve this goal, he introduced a hash function mechanism. In this way, the client will be able to automatically eliminate those parts that it will never use, such as a very early versionSome Bitcoin transaction records.
Consumption methods
Many websites for technology players have begun to accept Bitcoin transactions. Including websites such as Mtgox, BTCChina, and some Taobao stores, they can even accept services such as Bitcoin exchange for US dollars and euros. There is no doubt that Bitcoin has become a real currency in circulation, rather than a virtual currency like Tencent Q Coin. There are already specialized third-party Bitcoin payment companies abroad, similar to domestic Alipay, that can provide API interface services.
You can use money to buy Bitcoins, or you can be a miner and "mine" them by using a computer to search for 64-bit numbers. By using computers to repeatedly decrypt, they compete with other gold diggers to provide the Bitcoin network with the numbers it needs. If the computer can successfully create a set of numbers, it will receive 25 Bitcoins. Bitcoin is decentralized and requires a fixed number of Bitcoins to be created per unit of computing time. 25 Bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes. By 2140, the upper limit of Bitcoins in circulation will reach 21 million. In other words, the Bitcoin system is self-sufficient, coded to resist inflation and prevent others from sabotaging it.
Payment Case
While being wildly pursued by investors, Bitcoin has been accepted by individual merchants in reality. A restaurant in Beijing has enabled Bitcoin payments. The restaurant in Chaoyang Joy City said it began accepting Bitcoin payments at the end of November 2013. At the end of the meal, consumers transfer a certain amount of Bitcoin to the store's account to complete the payment. The entire process is similar to a bank transfer. The restaurant once settled a meal of 650 yuan with 0.13 Bitcoins. [13]
In January 2014, Overstock began accepting Bitcoin, becoming the first large online retailer to accept Bitcoin. [14]
Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto, (almost certainly) a pseudonym. To date, no one has been able to definitively associate Bitcoin with a real person. Or connect a group of people. Satoshi Nakamoto disappeared from the internet in 2011, leaving few clues as to who they might be. Over the years, many people have publicly claimed to be Satoshi, but none have backed up this claim with indisputable facts.
In an early Bitcoin forum, Satoshi said they started working on Bitcoin in 2007, two years before the first block was mined. On January 3, 2009, the first block of the Bitcoin blockchain, the Genesis block, was mined. Satoshi Nakamoto, the miner of the Genesis block, received the first batch of 50 Bitcoins put into circulation. However, the reward for the first block is unpayable because the way Genesis blocks are expressed in the code is a little weird. BitMEX Research publishes an analysis of early Bitcoin mininganalysis and concluded that “someone” mined 700,000 Bitcoins. Although many believe it is Satoshi, there is still no official confirmation.
One can only imagine the fame Satoshi Nakamoto would gain if their identities were revealed, not to mention the vast wealth they would collect (although Sato doesn't seem to have spent any of the coins they were supposed to mine). Over time, many people have claimed to be Satoshi, while others have had this claim thrust upon them.
False Claims
One of the most famous examples of someone claiming to be a Satoshi is Craig Wright , Australian scholar. As early as 2015, Wright has repeatedly tried to present to the public indisputable proof that he is the inventor of Bitcoin, but to this day he has been unsuccessful. In fact, his "evidence" turned out to be fake.
Why Satoshi must remain anonymous
Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of the world’s first decentralized currency, should arguably remain anonymous , because of the nature of their creation. After creating a protocol with no central point of failure, Satoshi may have realized that remaining anonymous might eliminate the last possible central point of failure that Bitcoin could have: the people who created it. Removing a single identity that might be associated with the emergence of Bitcoin removes any single face that might influence the politics, rules, or decisions of the Bitcoin community.
Whoever Satoshi is, they are undoubtedly the geniuses of our time. The Bitcoin protocol provides economic incentives in all the right places, providing a unique solution to the Byzantine Generals' Problem. Satoshi Nakamoto used concepts from cryptography, mathematics, game theory, and economics to create a beautifully designed—and the world’s first—digital scarce asset, Bitcoin.
The inventor of Bitcoin is a Japanese named Satoshi Nakamoto. On January 3, 2009, the world’s first batch of Bitcoins were born, and digital currency was officially born. Digital currency until The price rose rapidly at the end of 2013, from around US$10 in the early stage to more than US$900. In 2016, the popularity of Bitcoin really started, and the price soared, and it was called "digital gold". Why is Bitcoin so valuable?
1. Mining is difficult. Bitcoin mining requires specific calculations, the cost of calculation time is very high, and the initial material investment is also very large.
2. Bitcoin has currency attributes and is trusted by the market. Bitcoin’s encryption algorithm is difficult to crack, ensuring its uniqueness.
3. The Bitcoin trading market is highly transparent and the market priceThey are all open and transparent, and circulation and transactions in virtual digital goods are convenient and fast.
4. With the recognition of some countries, some policies issued by the country towards Bitcoin and digital currencies will undoubtedly stimulate the rise of Bitcoin prices.
Things are more valuable when they are scarce. Bitcoin is relatively rare. Currently, it is very difficult to mine comparative coins. The impact of supply and demand, the shortage of supply in the market, etc., have undoubtedly played a big role in the rise in prices. . Friends who buy Bitcoin on trading platforms to earn the price difference need to be cautious.
Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system. The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by the Japanese Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The price of Bitcoin has been unimaginably high since its inception. Why is Bitcoin so valuable?
Let’s briefly talk about it. .
By running a special program, the Bitcoin mining machine can obtain Bitcoins similar to task rewards after the operation. The current output of Bitcoin is very low, about 3,600 new coins are produced every day, and the quantity is limited; the price of Bitcoin mining is high. Since Bitcoin became popular, the price of professional mining machines has dropped from a low price of about 10,000 yuan to the current price. If it is more expensive than 300,000 yuan, it requires a lot of financial resources to invest in equipment in the early stage; the mining time is long, and Bitcoin mining is to go through specific complex calculations, which consumes a very long time; Bitcoin mining machines consume a lot of money, in addition to their own In addition to losses, it also consumes a lot of electricity. The daily power consumption of Bitcoin mining machines can reach 188 million kilowatt hours, which is equivalent to one percent of China's daily power generation. The number of Bitcoins is still increasing, and some institutions estimate that the electricity consumption of Bitcoin mining will exceed the electricity consumption of the United States in 2019.
The price of Bitcoin has always been related to the media. I would like to remind everyone that the price of Bitcoin rises quickly and falls quickly. The risk is high. Friends who want to buy Bitcoin to make money must be cautious. join in.
Bitcoin, which has been dormant for many days, has made a comeback with the help of the "ransomware" virus, and started a familiar rampage mode. This virtual currency, called "digital gold", has surged 3 million times in 8 years, and even Chinese aunts have entered the market. Some people think that this is a drum-passing game, some firmly believe that Bitcoin will become a scarce asset, and some even say that it will be a shining node in the long history. Most people do not ask for a deeper understanding, but are just amazed by another round of wealth explosion.
Who do you think created Bitcoin? There has never been a conclusion about the inventor of Bitcoin. The common theory is that the Japanese "Satoshi Nakamoto" (Satoshi Nakamoto). On January 3, 2009, the world's first batch of Bitcoins were "mined". This digital currency designed by a person codenamed "Satoshi Nakamoto" was officially born. Since that moment, 15 people have successively Suspected to be "Satoshi Nakamoto". In 2014, authoritative American media revealed, a Japanese-American physicist whose real name is "Satoshi Nakamoto", is the legendary "Father of Bitcoin", but the old professor firmly denied it. The picture shows Satoshi Nakamoto, who made a rare appearance, being besieged by the media, constantly blocking the camera and denying any connection with Bitcoin.
In May 2016, Australian engineer and entrepreneur Craig Wright publicly stated that he was the creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. But just a few days later, White himself "surrendered" and issued a letter of apology, saying that he "could not provide key evidence" to prove himself. Although Satoshi Nakamoto was nominated as a candidate for the 2016 Nobel Prize in Economics, his true identity has not yet been completely unveiled. Picture: BBC (from: Tencent Pictures)
After getting involved with Bitcoin, Craig White was targeted by the police. The picture shows the Australian Federal Police and tax officials searching White's residence and office. The latter's Bitcoin-related business has tax issues. According to media reports, the mysterious figure "Satoshi Nakamoto" holds more than 1 million Bitcoins. Based on the current price of 15,000 yuan each, his worth exceeds 15 billion yuan. According to the original strict design, the total number of Bitcoins was limited to 21 million, and currently about 14 million have been mined. Picture: Reuters
Satoshi Nakamoto, whose true identity is unknown
❻ "Blockchain" has become a hot word recently, why is "Blockchain" so popular
When it comes to blockchain, we have to mention Bitcoin, and when it comes to Bitcoin, we have to mention its mysterious founder-Satoshi Nakamoto.
It is no exaggeration to say that the blockchain was invented and created by Satoshi Nakamoto, but Satoshi Nakamoto’s original purpose was not to make the blockchain The popularity of blockchain, but he hopes that the decentralized virtual currency he founded, Bitcoin, can develop. Therefore, Satoshi Nakamoto may have expected the popularity of Bitcoin, but the popularity of blockchain may have exceeded Nakamoto’s expectations. Cong's surprise.
Therefore, blockchain will affect all aspects of society in the future, and many industries or our current lifestyle may be subverted as a result.
❼ The History of the Birth of Blockchain
Many people will be instinctively intimidated when they hear the three words "blockchain", thinking that it is unpredictable content or A technology has nothing to do with me.
2018 is the first year of blockchain technology. In the past Spring Festival, blockchain has become really popular. The "three o'clock sleepless zone" of the first blockchain community "Blockchain", articles from major media "How to introduce blockchain to seven aunts and eight aunts", novices from all walks of life are ready to enter the currency circle and try their best, etc.
We know that the Internet has connected the world over the course of decades. people don'tWill talk about whether the world is flat, because as long as you have a computer or a mobile phone, you are closely connected to the entire world. Elites are accustomed to calling the past Internet era the information Internet era.
With the advent of blockchain technology in 2008, humans were caught off guard and drawn into the world of bits. In the future, no matter whether you understand whether you know what blockchain technology is? Do you understand how digital virtual currency is implemented? They have all been coerced into the second era of the Internet: the era of value Internet. What you don’t know is how blockchain technology was born?
David Chaum, the "bishop" figure of cypherpunk in the 1980s and 1990s, invented the cryptographic anonymous cash system Ecash in 1990. Chaum believes that a distributed, truly digital cash system should encrypt people’s privacy.
British cryptographer Adam Baker invented Hashcash in 1997, which used the Proof of Work system. The proof-of-work system is one of the core concepts of Bitcoin.
In 1997, Harper and Stonitta proposed a protocol that uses timestamps to ensure the security of digital files. This protocol has also become one of the prototypes of the Bitcoin blockchain protocol. The biggest feature of timestamps is that when a virtual currency is traded, it is timestamped and it cannot be changed.
Cryptozoology expert Dai Wei invented B-money in 1998. B-money emphasizes point-to-point transactions and immutable transaction records, and every trader in the network keeps track of transactions.
In 2004, Hal Finney, a top developer at PGP Crypto Company, launched the electronic currency "Crypto Cash", which used a reusable proof-of-work mechanism (RPOW).
But their single invention and idea are still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency. Ecash declared bankruptcy in 1998; the proof-of-work system cannot guarantee whether digital currencies have been traded many times; the technical protocol of timestamps is only used on a small scale by the government; in the B.money system, David did not solve the problem of ledger synchronization; finally Halfini's idea is still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency.
In 2008, when all technical conditions were mature and time conditions were mature, a god-level figure was still needed to answer a question: why did the previous virtual currency pioneers fail? The name of the person who answered this question is Satoshi Nakamoto.
He believes that the most important reason for the failure of previous virtual currencies is that they all have a centralized structure, and all transaction data will be aggregated into the company's data center, which is no different from government-issued currencies. Once the company that endorses the virtual currency goes bankrupt, or the central server of the general ledger is breached by hackers, the virtual currency will face the risk of collapse. Satoshi Nakamoto optimized David Chaum's Ecash, integrating timestamps, proof-of-work mechanisms, asymmetric encryption technology, and the structure of UTSO, and finally invented Bitcoin.
It can be seen that blockchain is not a single technology, it is a collection of a series of above-mentioned technologies. Bitcoin is just a typical example of the first large-scale application of blockchain technology. In the future, blockchain technology can be applied to many fields such as financial services and social life.
❽ Who proposed the idea of blockchain
Satoshi Nakamoto (English: Satoshi Nakamoto), who claims to be Japanese-American, is often translated as Philosophy of Nakamoto in the Japanese media. Man is the creator of the Bitcoin protocol and its associated software Bitcoin-Qt, but his true identity is unknown. Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" in 2008, describing a method he called "Bitcoin." "Coin" electronic currency and its algorithm. In 2009, he released the first Bitcoin software and officially launched the Bitcoin financial system. In 2010, he gradually faded away and handed the project over to other members of the Bitcoin community. Satoshi Nakamoto is believed to hold approximately one million Bitcoins.
