矿工打包区块链要多久完成,矿工打包区块链要多久才能完成
矿工打包区块链是一个非常复杂的过程，它能够帮助网络确认交易，并且将交易永久记录到区块链中。但是，矿工打包区块链需要多长时间才能完成呢？
一般来说，矿工打包区块链的时间要取决于网络上的交易量。如果网络上的交易量很大，那么矿工打包区块链将需要更长的时间。例如，在比特币网络上，每个区块的大小是1MB，每10分钟只能生成一个新的区块，因此如果网络上的交易量很大，矿工打包区块链将需要更长的时间。
另外，矿工打包区块链的时间还取决于矿工的算力。如果矿工的算力越大，那么他们就能够更快地完成矿工打包区块链的过程。因此，如果网络上的矿工算力很强，那么矿工打包区块链就会比较快。
总的来说，矿工打包区块链的时间取决于网络上的交易量和矿工的算力，一般来说，矿工打包区块链的时间至少需要几分钟，但是也可能需要几个小时或者更长的时间。因此，想要确保矿工打包区块链的过程顺利完成，就必须要注意网络上的交易量和矿工的算力。
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① The currency withdrawal from the exchange to the WaykiChain wallet has not arrived for a long time
1. First, the withdrawal of currency from the trading platform needs to be reviewed. You must first confirm whether the trading platform has issued the transaction. If not, please go to the trading platform and contact the relevant personnel; 2. Secondly, although some trading platforms prompt that the transaction is successful, it only means that the trading platform has sent the transaction information to the public chain. Next, you need to wait for the miner to package and the miner to confirm the successful packaging. Only after the transaction is completed can the transaction be deemed successful. If you do not find the transaction information on the block explorer, it means that the miner has not packaged the transaction. 3. If it has been a long time since the currency was issued on the trading platform and you still cannot find any information about the transaction on the block browser, then it is possible that the transaction has been abandoned. Please contact the transaction that issued the currency in time. The platform resends the transaction. 4. Finally, if the transaction record has been queried on the block explorer but is not displayed in WaykiChain, you can try to refresh the asset page and check whether the network is normal, and you can try to switch the network.
② How long is the approximate block generation time of Bitcoin?
10 minutes.
1. Why is the generation time of a Bitcoin block 10 minutes?
It was decided by Satoshi Nakamoto (the inventor of Bitcoin) himself that the block production rate should maintain an average average speed of 1 block every 10 minutes because: The blockchain is estimated to take 10 minutes to complete The latest block is propagated to all nodes around the world. To keep the blockchain properly synchronized. If blocks are produced at a faster rate, some nodes on the other side of the world may not be able to catch up with the latest transaction data fast enough, which may cause the nodes to no longer align correctly, resulting in "block breaks," which is a block Chains must be avoided as much as possible to maintain basic measures of safety.
2. Then why is it not safe if the time is short?
If you change it to 1 minute, a problem arises - we assume that any new block takes 2 minutes to propagate across the network. Then, if a block is generated in 10 minutes, the probability that a new block will be generated by a node that did not receive it during the propagation process is not high, because after all, it is only 1/5 of the average block generation time of the entire network. However, if one block is generated every minute, the problem will be big - assuming the block transmission speed is average, then it is almost certain that by the time the newly generated block is transmitted halfway, there will be no network that has not received the block yet. It is very likely that a new one has also been generated.
As a result, a bifurcation was generated. This situation is very likely to occur, that is to say, there will be at least one fork in this network for a long time. Such a network is obviously unsafe, because the assumption of Bitcoin is "If you want to cheat, you have to beat all competitors, which is 51% of the computing power of the entire network." However, if there are two people in the network all year round, The above forks indicate that the computing power of the entire network is shared, so if you want to cheat, you only need to calculate the win.Half of the network is enough, which is 25% of the computing power. Obviously, this reduces the reliability of Bitcoin.
③ How long does it take for the exchange’s 12 networks to confirm
The normal arrival time for Bitcoin withdrawals is within 24 hours. The specific arrival time depends on the payment collection time. The bank is slightly different, and the arrival time is slightly delayed during holidays.
Extended information:
1. Withdrawal network confirmation is still in the blockchain confirmation (the number of confirmations is different for different currencies) and the confirmation speed is related to your network absenteeism fee and miner fee The higher the value, the higher the confirmation speed. The withdrawal network is being confirmed, so you need to wait patiently for block confirmation. Take Bitcoin as an example: Due to the technical advantages of our platform, the Bitcoin you receive can be transferred to your account for transactions when there is 1 confirmation, but it will take 6 confirmations (that is, 1 hour) before it can be fully transferred to your account. You use it to pay again or transfer out. Generally speaking, after a Bitcoin transaction is submitted, it will be broadcast to the entire network within a few seconds; but this does not mean that the transfer is completed. The transaction after the broadcast just enters the pending confirmation state, together with all the transactions in the network that need to be confirmed. Flow into the pool and wait for miners to package them into blocks. Once a transaction is packaged into a new block, it is equivalent to being confirmed once; however, generally speaking, the transfer process cannot be completed until it has been confirmed six times, that is, after six more blocks have been mined.
2. The Block analyzed the number of block confirmations required for recharging on 46 cryptocurrency exchanges, mainly focusing on nine assets: BTC, ETH, BCH, BSV, LTC, XMR, DASH, ETC and ZEC. We started from Three dimensions detect the exchange’s confirmation time: blocks, minutes, and dollar value. Cryptocurrency exchanges are prime targets for hackers, as the huge flow of cryptocurrency value satisfies their attempts to launch double-spend attacks and profit from them. Just recently, some exchanges were affected by the attack on Bitcoin Gold. Although exchanges cannot prevent 51% hash power attacks (double spend attacks), they can adjust the minimum number of block confirmations required for deposits to reduce this risk. Exchanges that increase the block confirmation time of supported assets can increase the cost for hackers to reverse transactions.
④ How long does blockchain mapping take?
Blockchain mapping takes about 2 to 3 months
Blockchain mapping is quite You need to establish a corresponding relationship between the old currency wallet and the new currency wallet and tell the project party how many old coins you have. After the mainnet goes online, you need the project party to give you the same number of new coins.
Blockchain is a database with a data "hash verification" function. Blocks are data blocks. Data blocks are combined into a chain structure in chronological order, and cryptographic algorithms are used to collectively maintain the reliability of the database in a distributed accounting manner. All data blocks are connected in chronological order, forming a blockchain.
⑤ The principle of global mining of Coinbase is
China Report Network Tips: An introduction to the principle of Bitcoin “mining” The main principles of Bitcoin and the blockchain technology behind it are&
An introduction to the principle of Bitcoin “mining”
Bitcoin and The main principle of the blockchain technology behind it is to
establish a global distributed ledger. Each node participating in account verification and packaging can query the stored transaction details that have occurred since the creation to ensure that any account has A sum of money will never be spent twice. Transactions that occur every 10 minutes are grouped into a package and become a "block", using cryptographic signature technology. The latter block uses the signature information of the previous block to sign itself, forming a signature "chain". Such a "blockchain" can ensure that account and transaction information are not tampered with. (Red circle)
Refer to the "China Mining Steel Market Development Analysis and Investment Value Assessment Report" released by Guanyan Tianxia
Unconfirmed transactions are broadcast to the entire network at all times, and then all those willing to participate in verification Every 10 minutes, the transaction node (Bitcoin miner) will select some unconfirmed transactions to verify against the historical blockchain and package them into a "block", but not all blocks packaged by Bitcoin miners are valid blocks. Instead, you need to participate in an arithmetic competition with increasing difficulty. Only then can the winner's results be recognized by the entire network and receive rewards (newly issued Bitcoins) (green circle). At the same time, when multiple people win, it is necessary to use the voting mechanism to retain only the result produced by one miner and invalidate the confirmation of others.
Every moment, unconfirmed transactions are broadcast to the entire network, and then all nodes (Bitcoin miners) willing to participate in verifying transactions will select some unconfirmed transactions to verify against the historical blockchain every 10 minutes. Packed into a "block", but not all blocks packaged by Bitcoin miners are valid blocks. Instead, they need to participate in an arithmetic competition with increasing difficulty. Only then can the winner's result be recognized by the entire network and receive Rewards (newly issued Bitcoins) (green circle). At the same time, when multiple people win, it is necessary to use the voting mechanism to retain only the result produced by one miner and invalidate the confirmation of others.
⑥ How transactions are packaged into blocks
There has always been confusion
1. Is the private key absolutely non-repeatable? Although it is 256-bit binary.
2. Does the node refer to the miner node, or all nodes?
3. How does the miner package the transaction and crack the random number at the same time? The process of the transaction being confirmed is not The process of broadcasting on the network?
For example, I am packing and you are packing, are we both packing the same bag?
Everyone packs his own, and whoever solves the puzzle will be recognized for his block.
Or are we facing the same trading pool?
What I don't understand is how the transaction is packaged inIn a block, for example, there are 10,000 transactions, and only 1,000 of them are confirmed, but all these 10,000 transactions have been broadcast. Could it be that some of them are in an "unconfirmed" state? Waiting to be included in the next block?
After consulting with the Blockchain Research Club, my thinking became much clearer.
1. The private key is not completely non-repeating, it just means that on earth, the probability of such repetition is almost 0;
The private key is a 256-bit binary generated by the program of random numbers. Its size is on the order of 10^76. The size of all atoms in the universe is approximately 10^80. The probability of duplication is slim.
2. The node is the miner, and your computer can also be used as a node, although the computing power is very small;
3. The transaction is in a memory pool (queue), and the miner Try to package it, take out the transaction, calculate the problem, and it is calculated, so you add your signature to complete the confirmation process. There is no precise time sequence.
But I still have doubts. Can it be understood in this way? Before the answer is found, there are many blocks. Whoever finds the answer will have his block entered into the blockchain, and then the The transactions in the block are confirmed and can proceed to the next step.
Then there is the following answer:
A transaction may be in the queue on different nodes, just like if you are queued third in class one, you may be queued third in class three. Ranked ninth.
Then a block package will contain this transaction, and other nodes will discard the transaction when processing it. Therefore, a transaction can only be included in one block.
After the block is submitted, other nodes synchronize the block and verify each transaction in the block. If a transaction is found to be in the local queue, the transaction will be Removed from own queue.
There is a new confusion. Doesn’t it mean that verification only requires checking the Merkel tree? Why do we need to verify every transaction? It stands to reason that each transaction needs to be verified, so that transactions in its own queue can be effectively eliminated. So, are Merkle trees needed in later queries?
Next step to clear up the confusion.
⑦ 108 knowledge points for getting started with blockchain
1. What is blockchain
Combine the information of multiple transactions and the information indicating the block The information is packaged and put together, and the verified package is the block.
Each block stores the hash value of the previous block, creating a relationship between blocks, that is to say, a chain. Together they are called blockchain.
2. What is Bitcoin
The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, and the total amount is21 million. The Bitcoin chain generates a block approximately every 10 minutes, and this block is mined by miners for 10 minutes. As a reward to miners, a certain number of Bitcoins will be issued to miners, but this certain number is halved every four years. Now it's 12.5. If this continues, all Bitcoins will be available in 2040.
3. What is Ethereum
The biggest difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is the smart contract. This allows developers to develop and run various applications on it.
4. Distributed ledger
It is a database that is shared, replicated and synchronized among network members. To put it bluntly, all users on the blockchain have accounting functions and the content is consistent, which ensures that the data cannot be tampered with.
5. What is quasi-anonymity?
I believe everyone has a wallet, and the wallet address (a string of characters) used to send transactions is quasi-anonymity.
6. What is open transparency/traceability
The blockchain stores all data from history to the present, anyone can view it, and can also view any data in history.
7. What is tamper-proof
Historical data and current transaction data cannot be tampered with. The data is stored in the block on the chain and has a hash value. If the block information is modified, its hash value will also change, and the hash values of all blocks following it must also be modified to form a new chain. At the same time, the main chain is still conducting transactions to generate blocks. The modified chain must always generate blocks synchronously with the main chain to ensure that the length of the chain is the same. The cost is too high, just to modify a piece of data.
8. What is anti-DDoS attack
DDoS: Hackers control many people’s computers or mobile phones and allow them to access a website at the same time. Since the bandwidth of the server is limited, a large amount of traffic The influx of data may cause the website to fail to function properly, resulting in losses. However, the blockchain is distributed and there is no central server. If one node fails, other nodes will not be affected. Theoretically, if more than 51% of the nodes are attacked, problems will occur.
9. Definition of main chain
Taking Bitcoin as an example, at a certain point in time, a block is mined by two miners at the same time, and then 6 blocks are generated first. The chain of blocks is the main chain
10. Single chain/multi-chain
Single chain refers to the data structure that handles everything on one chain. The core essence of the multi-chain structure is composed of public chain + N sub-chains. There is only one, but in theory there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain can run one or more DAPP systems
11. Public chain/consortium chain/private chain
Public chain: everyone can participate in the blockchain
Consortium chain: only alliance members are allowed to participate in accounting and Query
Private chain: Writing and viewing permissions are only in the hands of one organization.
12. Consensus layer, data layer, etc.
There are six overall structures of the blockchain: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Data layer: a layer that records data, belonging to the underlying technology; network layer: a structure for building a blockchain network, which determines how users are organized. Consensus layer: Provides a set of rules to allow everyone to reach agreement on the information received and stored. Incentive layer: Design incentive policies to encourage users to participate in the blockchain ecosystem; Contract layer: Generally referred to as "smart contracts", it is a set of contract systems that can be automatically executed and written according to their own needs. Application layer: Applications on the blockchain, similar to mobile apps. Former Distributed Storage R&D Center
13. Timestamp
The timestamp refers to January 1, 1970 Day 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds 0... The total number of seconds from the current time to now, or the total number of nanoseconds and other very large numbers. Each block is generated with a timestamp indicating when the block was generated.
14. Block/block header/block body
Block is the basic unit of blockchain, and block header and block body are components of blockchain. The information contained in the block header includes the hash of the previous block, the hash of this block, timestamp, etc. The block body is the detailed data in the block.
15. Merkle tree
Merkle tree, also called binary tree, is a data structure for storing data. The bottom layer is the original data contained in all blocks, and the upper layer is each The hash value of a block, the hash of this layer is combined in pairs to generate a new hash value, forming a new layer, and then upwards layer by layer, until a hash value is generated. Such a structure can be used to quickly compare large amounts of data, and you can quickly find the bottom-level historical data you want without downloading all the data.
16. What is expansion?
The size of a Bitcoin block is about 1M and can save 4,000 transaction records. Expansion means making the block larger so that more data can be stored.
17. What is a chain?
Each block will save the hash of the previous block, creating a relationship between the blocks. This relationship is a chain. Data such as block transaction records and status changes are stored through this chain.
18. block height
This is not the height mentioned in the distance, it refers to the total number of blocks between the block and the first block on the chain. This height indicates which block it is, and is just for identification purposes.
19. Fork
Two blocks were generated at the same time (the transaction information in the block is the same, but the hash value of the block is different), and then in Two chains are forked from these two blocks. Whoever generates 6 blocks from these two links first will be the main chain, and the other chain will be discarded.
20. Ghost Protocol
Mining pools with high computing power can easily generate blocks faster than mining machines with low computing power, resulting in most of the blocks on the blockchain being generated by these mining pools with high computing power. However, the blocks generated by mining machines with low computing power are not stored on the chain because they are slow, and these blocks will be invalid.
The ghost protocol allows blocks that should be invalidated to remain on the chain for a short time, and can also be used as part of the proof of work
. In this way, miners with small computing power will contribute more to the main chain, and large mining pools will not be able to monopolize the confirmation of new blocks.
21. Orphan block
As mentioned before, orphan blocks are blocks generated at the same time. One of them forms a chain, and the other does not form a chain. Then this block that does not form a chain is called an orphan block.
22. Uncle block
The orphan block mentioned above, through the ghost protocol, makes it part of the proof of work, then it will not be discarded and will be saved in the main chain superior. This block is the next
23 replay attack
The hacker resends the message that has been sent to the server. Sometimes this can deceive the server into responding multiple times.
24. Directed acyclic graph
Also called data set DAG (directed acyclic graph), DAG is an ideal multi-chain data structure. Most of the blockchains mentioned now are single chains, that is, one block is connected to another block, and DAG is multiple blocks connected. The advantage is that several blocks can be generated at the same time, so the network can process a large number of transactions at the same time, and the throughput will definitely increase. However, there are many shortcomings and it is currently in the research stage.
25. What is mining
The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try them one by one. The random number you are looking for, and finally successfully find a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value, then the mining is successful, and the node can broadcast the area to neighboring nodes. block, neighboring nodes receiveThis block performs the same operation on the above six fields, verifies compliance, and then broadcasts it to other nodes. Other nodes also use the same algorithm for verification. If 51% of the nodes in the entire network are successfully verified, this block Even if the block is truly "mined" successfully, each node will add this block to the end of the previous block, delete the list in the block that is the same as its own record, and repeat the above process again. Another thing to mention is that regardless of whether the mining is successful or not, each node will pre-record the reward of 50 Bitcoins and the handling fees of all transactions (total input-total output) in the first item of the transaction list (this is " The most fundamental purpose of "mining" is also the fundamental reason to ensure the long-term stable operation of the blockchain), the output address is the address of this node, but if the mining is unsuccessful, the transaction will be invalidated without any reward. Moreover, this transaction called "production transaction" does not participate in the "mining" calculation.
26. Mining machines/mines
Mining machines are computers with various configurations, and computing power is the biggest difference between them. A place where mining machines are concentrated in one place is a mining farm
27. Mining pool
Miners unite to form a team, and the computer group under this team is a mining pool. Mining rewards are distributed based on your own computing power contribution.
28. Mining difficulty and computing power
Mining difficulty is to ensure that the interval between generating blocks is stable within a certain short time, such as Bitcoin is issued in 10 minutes
p>Block 1. The computing power is the configuration of the mining machine.
29. Verification
When verification in the blockchain is a confirmation of the legality of the transaction, each node will verify the transaction once when the transaction message is propagated between nodes. Whether the transaction is legal. For example, verify whether the syntax of the transaction is correct, whether the transaction amount is greater than 0, whether the entered transaction amount is reasonable, etc. After passing the verification, it will be packaged and handed over to the miners for mining.
30. Transaction broadcast
The node sends information to other nodes through the network.
31. Mining fees
For the blockchain to work non-stop like a perpetual motion machine, miners need to maintain the system. Therefore, the miners must be given favorable fees to make it sustainable.
32. Transaction confirmation
When a transaction occurs, the block recording the transaction will be confirmed for the first time, and will be confirmed in every area on the chain after the block. Block is reconfirmed: When the number of confirmations reaches 6 or more, the transaction is generally considered safe and difficult to tamper with.
33. Double transaction
That is, I have 10 yuan, I use the 10 yuan to buy a pack of cigarettes, and then instantly use the 10 yuan that has not yet been paid. Bought another cupcoffee. So when verifying the transaction, you need to confirm whether the 10 yuan has been spent.
34. UTXO unspent transaction output
It is a data structure containing transaction data and execution code, which can be understood as digital currency that exists but has not yet been consumed.
35. Transactions per second TPS
That is throughput, tps refers to the number of transactions the system can process per second.
36. Wallet
Similar to Alipay, it is used to store digital currencies, and blockchain technology is more secure.
37. Cold wallet/hot wallet
A cold wallet is an offline wallet. The principle is to store it locally and use QR code communication to prevent the private key from touching the Internet. A hot wallet is an online wallet. The principle is to encrypt the private key and store it on the server. When it is needed, it is downloaded from the server and decrypted on the browser side.
38. Software Wallet/Hardware Wallet
A software wallet is a computer program. Generally speaking, a software wallet is a program that interacts with the blockchain and allows users to receive, store, and send digital currencies and can store multiple keys. Hardware wallets are smart devices that specialize in handling digital currencies.
39. Airdrop
The project sends digital currency to each user’s wallet address.
40. Mapping
Mapping is related to the issuance of blockchain currency and is a mapping between chains. For example, there are some blockchain companies that have not completed the development of the chain in the early stage. They rely on Ethereum to issue their own currency. The issuance and transactions of the early currency are all operated on Ethereum. With the development of the company, the company's own chain development has been completed. The company wants to map all the previous information on Ethereum to its own chain. This process is mapping.
41. Position
Refers to the ratio of the investor’s actual investment to the actual investment funds
42. Full position
All funds are bought Enter Bitcoin
43. Reduce the position
Sell some of the Bitcoins, but not all of them
44. Heavy positions
Compared with Bitcoin, Bitcoin accounts for a larger share of funds
45. Short position
Compared with Bitcoin, the share of funds is larger
46. Short position
Sell all the Bitcoins you hold and convert them all into funds.
47. Take profit
GainAfter getting a certain profit, sell the Bitcoins you hold to keep the profits
48. Stop loss
After the losses reach a certain level, sell the Bitcoins you hold to prevent further losses< /p>
49. Bull market
Prices continue to rise and the outlook is optimistic
50. Bear market
Prices continue to fall and the outlook is bleak
< p> 51. Long (going long)The buyer believes that the currency price will rise in the future, buys the currency, and after the currency price rises, sells it at a high price to take profits
52. Short position (short selling)
The seller believes that the currency price will fall in the future, and sells the currency he holds (or borrows currency from the trading platform). After the currency price drops, he buys it at a low price to take profits.
53. Open a position
Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies
54. Cover a position
Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies in batches , such as: buy 1BTC first, then buy 1BTC
55. Full position
Buy all the funds into a certain virtual currency at once
56. Rebound
When the currency price falls, the price rebounds and adjusts because it falls too fast
57. Consolidation (sideways)
The price fluctuation is small , the currency price is stable
58. Falling
The currency price declines slowly
59. Diving (waterfall)
The currency price falls rapidly , the amplitude is very large
60. Cutting meat
After buying Bitcoin, the price of the currency fell, and in order to avoid the expansion of losses, the Bitcoin was sold at a loss. Or after borrowing the currency to go short, the currency price rises, and you buy Bitcoin at a loss
61. Hold on
Expect the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expect the currency price fell, but unexpectedly, after selling, the currency price rose
62. Unwinding
After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but then the currency price rebounded and the loss was reversed To make a profit
63. Go short
After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, the price of the currency continued to rise, and I was unable to buy it in time, so I failed to make a profit
64. Overbought
The currency price continues to rise to a certain height, the buyer's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to fall
65. Oversold
The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise
66. Lure bulls
The currency price has been consolidating for a long time and has fallen. It is more likely that most of the short sellers have sold Bitcoin, and suddenly the short sellers pulled up the price of the currency, inducing many parties to think that the price of the currency will rise and buy one after another. As a result, the short sellers suppressed the price of the currency and locked up the long parties.
67. Short-selling
After buying Bitcoin, bulls deliberately suppress the price of the currency, making short sellers think that the price of the currency will fall and sell them one after another. As a result, they fall into the trap of bulls
< p>68. What is NFT
The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", which is non-fungible tokens. Simply put, it is on the blockchain. An indivisible copyright certificate, it is mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.
69. What is the Metaverse
The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.
70. What is DeFi
DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications based on open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system
71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?
72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.
Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.
73. What is a mining machine?
Taking Bitcoin as an example, the Bitcoin mining machine runsProfessional equipment that competes for accounting rights with a large number of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards is generally composed of mining chips, heat sinks and fans. It only executes a single calculation program and consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.
74. What is quantitative trading?
Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.
75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading
Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.
76. What is a timestamp?
The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.
77. What is a blockchain fork?
Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.
78. Soft fork and hard fork
Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork refers to an old nodePeers are unaware of changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".
79. Classification and application of blockchain projects
Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.
80. USDT against the US dollar
USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).
81. Altcoins and alternative coins
Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.
82. Three major exchanges
Binance: https://accounts.binancezh.ac/zh-CN
Okex: https://www .ouyi.top/
Huobi: https://www.huobi.af/zh-cn
83. Market software
Mytoken: http: //www.mytoken.com/
Non-small account: https://www.feixiaohao.co/
84. Information website
Babbitt: https://www.8btc.cn
Golden Finance: http://www.jinse.com/
Coin World News: http://www.bishijie.com
85. Blockchain Explorer
BTC: https://btc.com/
ETH: https://etherscan .io/
BCH: https://blockchair.com/bitcoin-cash/blocks
LTC: http://www.qukuai.com/search/ltc
ETC: https://gastracker.io/
86. Wallet
Imtoken: https://imatoken.net/
Bitpie ： https://bitpie.com/
87. Decentralized exchange
uniswap: https://uniswap.org
88. NFT Exchange
Opensea: https://opensea.io
Super Rare: https://superrare.com/
89. Ladder
Bring your own, buy a reliable ladder
90. Platform currency
The digital currency issued by the platform is used to deduct handling fees. , trading, etc.
91. Bull market, bear market
Bull market: rising market
Bear market: falling market
92. Blockchain 1.0
A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin
93. Blockchain 2.0
Contract represented by Ethereum (smart contract) Blockchain technology is 2.0
94. Blockchain 3.0
In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field to provide decentralized solutions for various industries
< p> 95. Smart ContractSmart Contract is a computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based way. Simply put, an electronic contract is set in advance. Once both parties confirm, The contract executes automatically.
96. What is a token?
The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.
Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (A simple understanding of production relations is labor exchange and consumption relations. The core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)
ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token issuance, is the first step in the blockchain digital currency industry. Crowdfunding. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.
99. Five characteristics of digital currency
The first characteristic: decentralization
The second characteristic: having open source code
The third feature: independent electronic wallet
The fourth feature: constant issuance
The fifth feature: global circulation
100. What is decentralization?
It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.
100. What is measurement (scarcity)?
Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Because the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining, and the fewer coins are mined, so it is scarce.
101. What is open source code?
The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.
102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?
Everyone can register and download the wallet online without real-name authentication. It is completely made of encrypted data.Composed of character codes, it can be sent and traded globally in real-time point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. Anyone without my authorization cannot track or inquire.
A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.
105. Digital Currency Industry Chain
Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins< /p>
106. Who is Erben?
Erben: Digital Currency Value Investor
Investment style: Steady
Building a community: Erben’s Miscellaneous Talks (High Quality Price Investment Community)
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107. Two investment strategies
Combining long and short term, focusing on price investment, no contracts, no short-term play
Reasonable layout, scientific operation, prudent and conservative, making periodic money
108. Two books?
Welcome currency friends and seek common development
