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区块链预定义业务逻辑被称为什么,区块链预定义业务逻辑是什么

发布时间：2023-12-06-00:59:00 来源：网络区块链知识区块逻辑业务

区块链预定义业务逻辑被称为什么,区块链预定义业务逻辑是什么

近些年，区块链技术受到越来越多的关注，被广泛应用于各行各业，其中，区块链预定义业务逻辑也是一个重要的组成部分。那么，区块链预定义业务逻辑是什么？它又能带来什么样的好处？

首先，区块链预定义业务逻辑被称为智能合约，它是一种特殊的区块链应用，它定义了在区块链网络上自动执行的一系列操作，这些操作可以更好地实现信息共享和数据交换。智能合约可以实现自动化的业务流程，可以更有效地实现业务流程的自动化，从而提高业务流程的效率，减少人工参与的成本。

智能合约的优势在于它可以实现更可靠的数据存储和数据交换，可以有效地保护数据的安全性和完整性，而且智能合约的执行过程是不可逆的，这可以有效地防止数据被篡改。此外，智能合约可以实现自动化的业务流程，可以更有效地实现业务流程的自动化，从而提高业务流程的效率，减少人工参与的成本。

另外，智能合约还可以实现智能设备之间的信息共享和数据交换，可以更有效地实现物联网的智能化，从而提高物联网的效率。此外，智能合约还可以实现跨越组织边界的跨机构协作，可以有效地改善企业合作的效率，提高企业的竞争力。

总的来说，智能合约可以实现更可靠的数据存储和数据交换，可以有效地保护数据的安全性和完整性，而且智能合约的执行过程是不可逆的，这可以有效地防止数据被篡改。此外，智能合约还可以实现自动化的业务流程，可以更有效地实现业务流程的自动化，从而提高业务流程的效率，减少人工参与的成本。因此，区块链预定义业务逻辑可以有效地改善企业的运营效率，提高企业的竞争力，为企业提供更可靠的信息安全保障。

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㈠ Contents of the organizational structure that make up the basic computing functions of the blockchain

With the rapid development of the Internet, consumers’ awareness of blockchain technology and digital virtual currency The level is also constantly improving. Today, let’s take a look at the structures of the basic computing methods of blockchain technology. Let’s take a look at the specific situation in the following Java course.

The basic elements that make up computing technology are storage, processing and communication. Mainframes, PCs, mobile devices, and cloud services all exhibit these elements in their own way. There are also dedicated building blocks within each element to allocate resources.

This article focuses on the large framework of the blockchain: it introduces the modules of each computing element in the blockchain and some implementation cases of each module, preferring an overview rather than a detailed explanation.

The building blocks of blockchain

The following are the building blocks of each computing element in decentralized technology:

Storage: token storage, database, file system/blob

Processing: stateful business logic, stateless business Logic, high-performance computing

Communication: a connected network of data, value and state

Storage

As a basic computing element, the storage part contains the following building blocks.

Token storage. Tokens are storage media of value (such as assets, securities, etc.), and the value can be bitcoins, airline miles, or the copyright of digital works. The main function of the token storage system is to issue and transfer tokens (there are many variations) while preventing events such as multiple payments from occurring.

Bitcoin and Zcash are two "pure" systems that only focus on the token itself. Ethereum began to use tokens for various services to realize its ideal of serving as a global computing center. These are examples where tokens are used as internal incentives to operate the entire network architecture.

There are also some tokens that are not internal tools used by the network to promote its own operation, but are used as incentives for higher-level networks, but their tokens are actually stored in in the underlying architecture. One example is an ERC20 token like Golem, which runs on the Ethereum network layer. Another example is Envoke’s IP authorization token, which runs on the IPDB network layer.

Database. Databases specialize in storing structured metadata, such as data tables (relational databases), document stores (such as JSON), key-value stores, time series or graph databases. Databases can quickly retrieve data using queries like SQL.

Traditional distributed (but centralized) databases such as MongoDB and Cassandra typically store hundreds of terabytes or even petabytes of dataof data, performance can reach millions of writes per second.

Query languages like SQL are very powerful because they separate implementation from specifications, so that Fu Tanqing is not bound to a specific application. . SQL has been used as a standard for decades, so the same database system can be used in many different industries.

In other words, to discuss generality outside of Bitcoin, one does not necessarily have to talk about Turing completeness. You only need one database, which is both concise and easy to expand. There are times when Turing completeness is also useful, which we will discuss in detail in the "Decentralized Processing" section.

BigchainDB is decentralized database software and a specialized document storage system. It is based on MongoDB (or RethinkDB) and inherits the latter's query and expansion logic. But it also has the characteristics of blockchain, such as decentralized control, tamper resistance and token support. IPDB is a regulated public instance of BigchainDB.

In the field of blockchain, it can also be said that IOTA is a time series database.

File system/blob data storage. These systems store large files (movies, music, large data sets) in a hierarchical structure of directories and files.

IPFS and Tahoe-LAFS are decentralized file systems that contain decentralized or centralized blob storage. FileCoin, Storj, Sia and Tieron are decentralized blob storage systems, as is the old and wonderful BitTorrent, although the latter uses a p2p system rather than a token. Ethereum Swarm, Dat, and Swarm-JS basically support the above two methods.

Data market. Such systems connect data owners (such as businesses) with data users (such as AI startups). They sit on top of databases and file systems, but they are still the core architecture because countless data-hungry applications (such as AI) rely on such services. Ocean is an example of a protocol and network upon which a data marketplace can be created. There are also application-specific data marketplaces: EnigmaCatalyst for crypto markets, Datum for private data, and DataBrokerDAO for IoT data streams.

Processing

The basic computational element of processing is discussed next.

"Smart contract" system usually refers to a system that processes data in a decentralized form [3]. It actually has two subsets with completely different properties: stateless (combined) business logic and stateful (sequential) business logic. Stateless and stateful in terms of complexity, verifiability, etc.The differences are huge. The three decentralized processing modules are high-performance computing (HPC).

Stateless (combined) business logic. This is arbitrary logic and does not retain state internally. In electrical engineering terms, it can be understood as a combinational digital logic circuit. This logic can be expressed as a truth table, a logic diagram, or code with conditional statements (a combination of if/then, and, or, not, etc.). Because they are stateless, it is easy to verify large stateless smart contracts, creating large provably secure systems. N inputs and one output require O(2^N) calculations to verify.

The Inter-Ledger Protocol (ILP) includes crypto-conditions (CC) protocols to clearly label combinational circuits. CC is easy to understand because it became an Internet standard through the IETF, while ILP is widely used in various centralized and decentralized payment networks (such as Ripple used by more than 75 banks). CC has many independently implemented versions, including JavaScript, Python, Java, etc. BigchainDB, Ripple and other systems also use CC to support combined business logic/smart contracts.

㈡ What are the core blockchain technologies of blockchain technology?

What is the hottest Internet topic at the moment, I don’t need to tell you. I also know that it is blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), which solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to seconds), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), target hash value of the current block, and Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This function is easy to verify, but difficult to verify. Crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block, and ultimately generates a unified hash value of all transaction information in the block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause Merkle tree changes.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. In order to verify the signature, the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number. Make the new block plus the hash value of the random number meet certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, in the PeerCoin PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who do not win will be deducted Ether coins to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, PO can be used because there is no trust issue with verification nodes.S is more suitable; and due to the existence of untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, DPOS is more suitable.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain technology----contract layer: giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of programmed rules and logic that respond to scenarios. Implemented by decentralized, trusted shared script code deployed on the blockchain. Normally, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content of the introduction to the core technology of blockchain.

㈢What is the logic of blockchain reform?

If chain reform is carried out in accordance with the ideas of "top-level design, economic incentives, technology application, and industrial empowerment", chain reform is more likely to succeed. Finish.
1. Top-level design. Since chain reform aims to transform business processes and social organization governance structures, its impact is far-reaching and significant. Therefore, it is necessary to have a very high-level top-level design as a guide, instead of just taking one step at a time and crossing the river by feeling for the stones. The objects, conditions, and goals of each chain reform project are different, and it is impossible to copy them indiscriminately.
2. Economic incentives. Economic chain reform is a trend that has emerged recently, which means using tokens as a carrier to adjust the long-term and short-term interests of investors, entrepreneurs, and customers across time and space, so that the three can form a synergy. , strive for a common goal.
3. Technical application. Chain modification is a blockThe inevitable result of chain development. However, the blockchain follows the system architecture of Bitcoin in terms of system architecture, and it is not designed for chain change itself. Therefore, it is necessary to transform the existing technical structure of the blockchain. By deconstructing the technical structure of the blockchain and combining it with other necessary technologies, we can restructure the technology according to the needs of chain reform so that it can be adapted to different industries. The internal logic of different types of chain reform goals in different industries.
4. Industrial empowerment. Chain reform must go deep into the industrial process and links, and be implemented to the ultimate goal of empowering the industry. Through in-depth analysis of data possession and data flow in industrial processes and industrial links. The most ideal way to implement chain reform is not to optimize business processes from the perspective of data possession authority, but to reconstruct data organization and data storage methods from the perspective of business process optimization. Only by targeting the industry as the ultimate goal of chain reform can it be possible to produce more value for the entire society.
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot of the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

㈣ What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? A chained data structure composed of sequential connections, and a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

[Infrastructure]

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer composition. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Extended information:

[Blockchain core technology]

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

< p>1. Distributed ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of transactions, and can also work together to Testify for it.

The uniqueness of blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally stores The data is divided into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node.

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

Blockchain-Network

㈤ Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept. Nowadays, blockchain has become an area of concern to most people. Many people Enterprises have already been deeply studying this technology, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology concept 1

Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain

1. Basic concepts

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

2. Working principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

1. Distributed A ledger is a record of transactionsThe account is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.

Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

3. Others

The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: when divided for a long time, they must be combined.On the Internet, it is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. The only thing they do is to reorganize all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of integration and division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.

What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.

At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think there may still be disruptions in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects. , especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.

The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on untrustworthy networks.

One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.

Now the blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum encryption and other encryption appear in this process, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. This phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.

The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.

4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.

Blockchain technology concept 2

The essence of blockchain is a kind ofDistributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, is widely used in our current lives. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.

The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.

Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.

Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.

Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.

Blockchain Technology Concept 3

Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum BitcoinYou can also write scripts on . It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.

Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.

Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.

Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is outside the scope of this article.)

Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where Ethereum can be traded. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.

Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.

DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)

Ethereum client, smart contract language

Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.

Clients available for running Ethereum nodes

Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages.A method of interacting with the Ethereum network, including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, and more. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.

At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.

About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.

Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.

Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.

Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.

Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. The programming language used to write smart contracts is Solidity.Just fine.

There are several languages to choose from when writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.

solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.

web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.

㈥ What is the concept of blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology.

Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". . Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

On December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten buzzwords of 2019 by "Biwenqiezi".

Related to blockchain financial applications:

Since 2016, major financial giants have also taken notice and launched blockchain innovation projects to explore the application of blockchain in various financial scenarios. Possibility of applying blockchain technology. In particular, Puyin Group took the lead in pioneering the “blockchain”-based digital currency.

The standard digital currency is an asset that has been identified, evaluated, confirmed, insured, etc. by a third-party organization and written into the blockchain through a rigorous digital algorithm to form a link between the asset and the digital currency. The standard correspondence relationship is called a standard digital currency.

In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations have been striving for, Puyin Group will On December 9, the Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou.

The meeting will discuss the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the financial transaction model of blockchain, and the discussion of blockchain services and social public industries.The implementation of the application will be discussed. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the transformation and development of a new financial ecosystem.

㈦ How to understand the definition of blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed the definition of blockchain technology as follows:
1. Blockchain is a place where Distributed databases (systems) in non-secure environments.
2. Blockchain uses cryptography to ensure that existing data cannot be tampered with.
3. The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.
A system with the above three properties is a blockchain.

㈧ What is blockchain

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of The information of Bitcoin network transactions is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(8) Extended reading of blockchain predefined business logic

Characteristics of blockchain:

1. Certificate storage

The "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain provides a solution to the problem of "certificate storage" in economic and social development. As long as the authenticity of the on-chain information and data can be ensured, the blockchain can solve the problem of "storage" and "certification" of information.

For example, in the field of copyright, blockchain can be used to store electronic evidence, which can ensure that it is not tampered with, and can link original platforms, copyright bureaus, judicial agencies and other parties through distributed ledgers, which can greatly Improve the efficiency of handling infringements.

2. Sharing

The "distributed" characteristics of the blockchain can break through the "data barriers" between departments and achieve information and data sharing. Different from centralized data storage, the information on the blockchain will be distributed to each node through point-to-point broadcasting, and all information can be "truthfully recorded" through "whole network witness".