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区块链政府审批要多久,区块链政府审批需要多久

发布时间:2023-12-06-01:15:00 来源:网络 区块链知识 区块   政府

区块链政府审批要多久,区块链政府审批需要多久

区块链技术的发展,政府审批也随之变得越来越重要。但是,区块链政府审批要多久,这是一个值得深思的问题。

首先,需要考虑的是,政府审批的时间主要取决于政府审批的内容。如果是一个简单的审批,政府可能只需要几天的时间就能完成审批,但如果是一个复杂的审批,政府可能需要更长的时间。

其次,政府审批的时间还取决于政府审批的流程。一般来说,政府审批流程比较复杂,需要经过多个部门的审批,需要花费更多的时间。

此外,政府审批的时间还取决于政府审批的效率。如果政府审批的效率较低,政府审批的时间也会较长。

总之,区块链政府审批要多久,这取决于政府审批的内容、流程和效率。因此,要想更快通过政府审批,就要积极改善政府审批的内容、流程和效率。


请查看相关英文文档

『一』 Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and blockchain government affairs make things easier

"Blockchain + Government Affairs" Conference What kind of sparks result from the collision? Mawei Xingang Community in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province uses blockchain technology to solve the pain points of government informatization and launches a "blockchain + community certification" application. "This application can easily realize the electronic issuance of certificates required by enterprises and the masses, promote the transformation from 'reduced certificates' to 'no certificates', let data run instead of people running errands, improve service efficiency, and better serve the people. "Ms. Zhu, a citizen of Fuzhou, said.

Provident funds can be transferred and continued in other places

"Post-90s" Chen Jing joined a new company at the end of last year, and her work location changed from Hangzhou, Zhejiang to Chengdu, Sichuan. If you change your workplace, how can you transfer the previously accumulated housing provident fund to a new account? After consultation, Chen Jing learned that by searching for the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet on her mobile phone, she could realize the transfer to other places. According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet will be launched online in October 2021. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has built a credible data environment for the operation of the applet by deepening the application of new technologies such as blockchain to ensure that depositors information and financial security. Thanks to blockchain technology, depositors can transfer housing provident fund accounts and funds across cities through mini programs. They no longer need to go to the counter to handle off-site transfers and continuations, which greatly shortens the processing time and further facilitates the cross-regional flow of human resources. .

Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and the use of blockchain technology improves the efficiency of government departments and public satisfaction. For example, Haidian District in Beijing has opened a "Blockchain Zone" on the Haidiantong APP, which can directly handle public rental housing subsidies, Haidian District high-tech talent training subsidy approval, etc... With the application of new technologies such as blockchain, many government affairs The service realizes "one-stop service and full online service".

In addition, Zhuzhou City in Hunan Province has also innovated administrative approval service methods and launched blockchain application scenarios for electronic certificates, effectively improving the level of government data sharing and business collaboration efficiency; Fuzhou City has launched the "Rongcheng on the Chain" plan , exploring the use of blockchain technology in four fields including e-government, financial technology, social governance, and people's livelihood security.

Why does the government field favor blockchain technology? Industry insiders believe that blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering, security, confidentiality and traceability, and is highly suitable for government service needs such as cross-domain data sharing and business collaborative management. It can actively operateThe use of blockchain technology can solve problems such as difficulty in data sharing and business collaboration in the government service process, and improve government management services and overall coordination capabilities.

Effectively supporting people’s livelihood services

Related management service platforms based on blockchain in many places in China have been launched frequently: in Jiangsu, the country’s first transfer of idle residential use rights based on blockchain technology The transaction was successfully completed. Relying on the provincial information service platform, the transaction information can be directly uploaded to the "chain" for certificate storage, ensuring that the housing source is credible and the results are traceable; in Zhejiang, the first intellectual property blockchain public certificate storage platform was officially launched, providing data Assets, original designs and other intellectual property rights provide efficient and fast certificate storage services; in Yunnan, the Provincial Market Supervision Administration and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Blockchain Application Technology jointly carry out Yunnan Province’s blockchain underlying chain food traceability work based on domestically produced independent , through blockchain technology, we can promote product source traceability, one-stop code, logistics tracking, responsibility identification and credit evaluation, so that blockchain technology can truly contribute to people's livelihood services.

Hu Kai, a professor at the School of Computer Science at Beihang University, told this reporter that the current blockchain industry applications are mainly divided into four categories: real economy, financial services, social governance and people's livelihood services. The government attaches great importance to guiding blockchain The application of chain in manufacturing, energy, government affairs, education and other fields has been implemented.

Active drive at the policy level has allowed blockchain to continue to advance in industries such as judicial evidence storage and transportation and shipping data sharing. In May, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Strengthening the Judicial Application of Blockchain", proposing that by 2025, a blockchain alliance for interoperability and sharing between people's courts and all walks of life should be established to form a relatively complete blockchain judicial system. Field application standard system. In June, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of an Electronic Platform for Imported Dry Bulk Cargo Entry and Port Business Based on Blockchain" in June, proposing to promote the in-depth integration and development of blockchain technology and the transportation industry.

Let data flow safely and orderly

Hu Kai believes that today, with the rapid development of the digital economy, numbers and data are key elements for future social development, but there are still legal issues behind the data. , interoperability, privacy, security, traceability, storage, transactions and many other complex issues. How to make data flow more securely and orderly? Blockchain technology has broad room for development.

Blockchain technology is accelerating breakthrough applications and playing a role in establishing a trustworthy and secure digital economic order and promoting high-quality economic and social development. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology released the "Blockchain Infrastructure Research Report (2022)" in July this year, proposing that as the scale of blockchain infrastructure construction continues to expand and operating capabilities continue to increase, blockchain can not only be used in encrypted digital Currency and other scenarios can also be applied in manufacturing, service industries and other fields. Typical application scenarios such as digital collections, data circulation, supply chain finance, and product traceability have emerged.

『二』The first blockchain service platform in the State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company system was successfulFiling

On June 7, the "Large Energy Enterprise Level Blockchain Underlying Service Platform" (hereinafter referred to as "Long Energy Chain") applied for filing by State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company has been submitted after multiple information improvements. , and was finally approved by the Cyberspace Administration of China and filed. This service platform is the first blockchain service platform in the Gansu power system to receive a registration number.

For a long time, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company has conducted in-depth research under the overall framework of the "State Grid Chain" to implement the State Grid Corporation's work arrangements on building a "State Grid Chain" and based on consensus Mechanism, smart contracts, cross-chain collaboration and other aspects have formed its own core technologies, and developed a blockchain service platform suitable for the company's business applications. The blockchain service platform includes 1 platform and 3 centers, supporting business applications in eight major application scenarios: "energy distribution, power trading, marketing services, corporate management, finance, material supply, data assets, and electric vehicles". According to the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" and the "Network Security Law of the People's Republic of China", blockchain information service providers engaged in blockchain information services within the territory of the People's Republic of China must register in the National Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System Authentic information verification will be carried out. After the registration information is reviewed by the Cyberspace Administration of China, a unified registration number will be issued and a formal announcement will be issued.

The completion of the filing procedures and the successful filing are recognition of the legal compliance of State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company in engaging in blockchain business, laying a solid "cornerstone" for the standardized operation of the "Long Energy Chain". It supports the "pillars" and plays a positive role in guiding the subsequent development of blockchain business. It provides an authoritative reference for the industry and government agencies to dare, want to use, and be willing to use this blockchain service. Successfully The filing is the first step in the compliance development of Tongxing Intelligent's blockchain business, laying a good foundation for continued work such as expanding the blockchain business and applying for national blockchain innovation pilots.

Author: Huo Xiaoxia and Jia Yifan

『三』 Blockchain registration qualification

Digital collections or NFT platforms are specific applications built on the blockchain, engaged in Commercial Internet information services provide the public with digital works with publishing features such as editing, production, and processing through information networks. One point and one line will help you understand what qualifications are required to engage in these businesses. 1. Article 9 of the "Blockchain Information Service Registration" and "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" stipulate that if a blockchain information service provider develops and launches new products, new applications, or new functions, it shall report them to the state and government in accordance with relevant regulations. The Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government conduct security assessments. Article 11 stipulates that blockchain information service providers shall fill in the name, service category, and service form of the service provider through the Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System of the Cyberspace Administration of China within ten working days from the date of provision of services. , application fields, server address and other information, and perform the filing procedures. The platform can carry out evaluation by itself or entrust an evaluation agency with corresponding qualifications, and passSubmit a security self-assessment report through the National Internet Security Management Service Platform. 2. Article 7 of the "Value-Added Telecommunications Business License" and "Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services" stipulate that those engaged in commercial Internet information services must apply to the provincial, autonomous region, or municipality telecommunications management agency or the information industry department of the State Council for Internet information services. Value-added telecommunications business operating license (hereinafter referred to as the operating license). The telecommunications management agency of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government or the information industry department of the State Council shall complete the review within 60 days from the date of receipt of the application and make a decision on approval or disapproval. If approved, a business license shall be issued; if not approved, the applicant shall be notified in writing and the reasons shall be explained. After obtaining the business license, the applicant shall go through the registration procedures with the enterprise registration authority with the business license. 3. Obtain the "Online Publishing Service License" and Article 2 of the "Online Publishing Service Management Regulations" stipulate that online publications as mentioned in these regulations refer to publications that are provided to the public through information networks and have publishing characteristics such as editing, production, and processing. The scope of digital works mainly includes: (1) original digital works such as intellectual and ideological texts, pictures, maps, games, animations, audio and video readings in the fields of literature, art, science and other fields; (2) and published books , newspapers, periodicals, audio-visual products, electronic publications and other digital works with consistent content; (3) digital works such as online document databases formed by selecting, organizing, collecting, etc. the above-mentioned works; (4) State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Other recognized types of digital works. Article 7 stipulates that those who engage in online publishing services must obtain approval from the publishing administrative department in accordance with the law and obtain an "Online Publishing Service License." 4. Obtain the "Information Network Audiovisual Program Dissemination License" or complete the filing procedures. Article 2 of the "Internet Audiovisual Program Service Management Regulations" stipulates that the Internet audiovisual program services referred to in these regulations refer to the production, editing, integration and distribution to the public through the Internet. Provide audio and video programs, and provide services for others to upload and disseminate audio and video programs. Article 7 stipulates that those who engage in Internet audio-visual program services must obtain the "Information Network Audio-visual Program Dissemination License" (hereinafter referred to as the "License") issued by the competent department of radio, film and television in accordance with these regulations or complete the filing procedures. 5. Obtain an "Internet Culture Business License". Article 8 of the "Interim Regulations on Internet Culture Management" issued by the Ministry of Culture stipulates that to apply to engage in commercial Internet cultural activities, an application must be submitted to the cultural administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the place is located. It shall be reviewed and approved by the cultural administrative departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. 6. Process the filing of network security level protection. Article 21 of the "Cybersecurity Law" stipulates that the state implements a network security level protection system. Network operators shall, in accordance with the requirements of the network security level protection system, perform the following security protection obligations to protect the network from interference, destruction or unauthorized access, and to prevent network data from being leaked or stolen or tampered with. Article 31 stipulates that the state shall regulate public communications and information services, energy, transportation, water conservancy, finance andOnce important industries and fields such as finance, public services, and e-government are damaged, lost functions, or data is leaked, key protection will be implemented based on the network security level protection system. Article 59: If a network operator fails to fulfill its network security protection obligations stipulated in Articles 21 and 25 of this Law, the relevant competent authorities shall give a warning; if it refuses to make corrections or causes consequences such as endangering network security, it shall A fine of not less than RMB 10,000 but not more than RMB 100,000 shall be imposed. Therefore, its operating or using units should go to the network supervision department of the local public security organ to complete the filing procedures. 7. Obtain an auction business license or cooperate with an auction company. If the platform is sold in the form of bidding auction, you should obtain an auction business license from the commerce department or cooperate with an auction company that has obtained an auction business license. 8. Business units engaged in art business activities as mentioned in the "Artwork Unit Business Registration Certificate" and "Artwork Business Management Measures" include: art acquisition, sales, and leasing business units, art auction companies, import and export business units, commercial Exhibition companies, appraisal and evaluation institutions, e-commerce platform companies, leasing platform companies, etc. that use information networks to engage in art business activities, investment and financing companies with art as their subject matter (including art fund trusts, art banks, exchanges, etc. ). and other units engaged in art business activities. Let me give you some popular science == ink paintings, traditional Chinese paintings, calligraphy, porcelain, purple clay pots, pottery, paintings, musical instruments, sculptures, sandstone, imitation sandstone, glass ornaments, iron art and other collectible items. These are all works of art. At present, the mainstream domestic digital collection NFT platforms do not support the opening of secondary market transactions, mainly because of concerns about excessive speculation, which will lead to stakeholder risks. If the platform opens secondary trading, then the platform becomes a "trading place". According to Guofa [2011] No. 38 "Decision of the State Council on Cleaning up and Rectifying Various Trading Places to Effectively Prevent Financial Risks" (Guobanfa [2012] No. 37) "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Cleaning up and Rectifying Various Trading Places" A trading venue refers to a platform that provides equal and transparent trading opportunities for all market participants and is highly social and open for orderly trading. Therefore, to open a digital collection NFT platform for secondary market transactions, you must obtain a "trading place" license issued by the provincial people's government! If you have any questions about qualifications, please feel free to consult~

『四』What qualifications are needed to open an NFT trading platform

1. Provide "Blockchain Security Assessment and Filing" qualification
If a blockchain information service provider develops and launches new products, new applications, or new functions, it shall report them to the country, provinces, autonomous regions, or autonomous regions in accordance with relevant regulations. Municipal Internet Information Offices conduct security assessments.
Blockchain information service providers shall fill in the name, service category, service form, and application fields of the service provider through the Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System of the Cyberspace Administration of China within ten working days from the date of provision of services. , server address and other information, and perform the filing procedures.
2. Provide the qualification of "Internet Information Services Value-Added Telecommunications Business License", and go through the registration formalities with the enterprise registration authority with the business license
To engage in commercial Internet information services, one must apply for an Internet information service value-added telecommunications business license from the telecommunications management agency of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government or the information industry department of the State Council. (hereinafter referred to as business license).
3. Provide "Online Publishing Service License" qualification
To engage in online publishing services, you must obtain the "Online Publishing Service License" with the approval of the publishing administrative department in accordance with the law.
4. Provide the qualifications for the "License for Information Network Audiovisual Program Dissemination" or perform the filing procedures
To engage in Internet audiovisual program services, one must obtain the "Information Network Audiovisual Program Dissemination License" issued by the competent department of radio, film and television in accordance with these regulations. (hereinafter referred to as the "License") or perform the filing procedures.
5. Provide "Internet Culture Business License" qualifications
To apply for engaging in commercial Internet cultural activities, an application should be submitted to the cultural administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government is located. Review and approval by the administrative department.
6. Provide qualifications for "Network Security Level Protection Registration"
For information systems that have been operated (operated) or newly built at level 2 or above, their operating and user units should go to the location within 30 days after the security protection level is determined. Public security organs at or above the districted city level shall handle the filing procedures.
Therefore, the digital collection platform should go to the network supervision department of the local public security agency to go through the filing procedures.
7. Provide the "Auction Business License" qualification or cooperate with the auction company
The "Auction Business License" qualification is the qualification issued by the Commerce Bureau to allow auction business, and we need to meet the following conditions:
a. Registered capital of 1 million
b. Requires 1 auctioneer, annual renewal
c. Actual office address, this needs to be verified on site
8. Provide trading venue license qualifications approved by the provincial people's government
At present, domestic mainstream digital collection NFT platforms do not support the opening of secondary market transactions, mainly due to concerns about excessive hype, which will lead to stakeholder risks. If the platform opens secondary trading, then the platform becomes a "trading place".

『武』What is blockchain + government affairs

Essentially, all relevant data and information needed for government affairs will be recorded on the blockchain. The quality of information can be traced back to its source, and a lot of information data does not need to be submitted repeatedly, nor does it need to be reviewed repeatedly by different government departments. Now there is a very good implementation of blockchain + government affairs called SMIC Blockchain Public Service Platform, you can pay attention to it.

How does "Lu" view blockchain electronic contracts to promote the digital development of government services?

Recently, the "National Economy and Society of the People's Republic of China" passed at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress The 14th Five-Year Plan for Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035 were officially released. Proposed: Promote blockchain technology innovation such as smart contracts, consensus algorithms, encryption algorithms, and distributed systems, with the alliance chain as the focus of developmentBlockchain service platform and application plans in the fields of financial technology, supply chain management, government services, etc., and improve the supervision mechanism. In terms of smart government affairs, it is proposed to: promote the one-stop service of government affairs, promote the application of electronic certificates, electronic contracts, electronic signatures, electronic Invoices, electronic files, and improve the "good or bad" evaluation system for government services. With the rapid development of the digital economy, electronic contracts and electronic signatures have developed rapidly in the wave of digitization, networking and intelligence. As the infrastructure for digital applications, electronic contracts and electronic signatures have become the core tools for the digital transformation of government and enterprises due to their advantages such as "convenience, efficiency, safety and environmental protection, and paperless online", helping the government simplify the enterprise certification process and improve work efficiency. and service experience.
In the actual application scenarios of blockchain, government services have become the most widely used field. Whether it is real estate registration, social security, medical care, or taxation, blockchain has absolute advantages in breaking through data barriers and solving information asymmetry. "Blockchain + government services" can effectively solve problems such as government data sharing, fidelity and security, improve government supervision capabilities, and also help improve the efficiency and level of comprehensive government services. As a professional domestic blockchain electronic signing platform under Yibaoquan, Junzizhuan innovates the "blockchain + judicial + electronic signing" model and can provide government departments with identity authentication, electronic signatures, seal control, blockchain certificate preservation, One-stop electronic signing services such as judicial services, by deeply integrating reliable and mature electronic seal technology with blockchain technology, can provide strong technical support for cross-regional, cross-department and cross-level data exchange and information sharing, helping to open up Government services are provided "online-wide" and "one-stop" to accelerate the construction of digital government and enhance government digital service capabilities.

『撒』 The government’s development of blockchain technology

With the further development of blockchain technology and the technology being elevated to a national strategic level by the government, it has effectively accelerated and Promoted the comprehensive development and layout of blockchain technology. In the face of this epidemic, blockchain technology, while giving full play to its own advantages, cooperates with artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing and other technologies to play a role in government affairs management, supply chain finance, charitable donations, logistics and transportation, etc. It has produced huge effects and effects, which has brought blockchain technology to a higher level of attention. It has not only promoted the exploration and involvement of blockchain technology in various industries, but also enabled governments at all levels and central enterprises to The blockchain field is making full efforts and actively deploying! Next, let’s take a look at the recent related actions and plans of local governments and national functional departments in the field of blockchain! Legal basis: Article 9 of the "Regulations on the Establishment and Establishment Management of Local People's Government Organizations at All Levels". For the establishment, cancellation, merger or change of specifications and names of administrative agencies of local people's governments at all levels, the people's government at the same level shall propose a plan, which shall be approved by the next higher level. After review by the people's government organizational establishment management agency, it shall be reported to the people's government at the next higher level for approval; among them, the establishment, cancellation or merger of administrative agencies of local people's governments at or above the county level shall also be reported to the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the corresponding level for filing in accordance with the law.case. Article 10 If the administrative agencies of local people's governments at all levels have the same or similar responsibilities, they shall, in principle, be undertaken by one administrative agency. If there are any disagreements between administrative agencies on the division of responsibilities, they should take the initiative to negotiate and resolve them. If consensus is reached through consultation, it shall be reported to the institutional establishment management authority of the people's government at the same level for record; if there is disagreement after consultation, the establishment management authority of the people's government at the same level shall be submitted to provide coordination opinions, and the establishment management authority shall report it to the people's government at the same level for decision. Article 11 The establishment of deliberation and coordination bodies by local people's governments at all levels shall be strictly controlled; if the functions can be delegated to existing agencies or the problems can be solved through coordination by existing agencies, no separate deliberation and coordination agencies shall be established. A discussion and coordination body established to handle a specific task within a certain period of time should clearly stipulate the conditions and time limit for its cancellation. Article 12 The deliberation and coordination agencies of local people's governments at or above the county level do not set up separate offices, and the specific work is undertaken by the relevant administrative agencies. Article 13 The administrative agencies of local people's governments at all levels shall establish necessary internal agencies based on work needs and the principle of leanness. The establishment, cancellation, merger, or change of specifications or names of internal agencies of the administrative agencies of local people's governments at or above the county level shall be submitted to the administrative agency of the people's government at the same level for approval.

『8』 How to define blockchain and what are its application scenarios

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat true. Make blockchain technology a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financialAttributes, it is revolutionizing the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. chain of evidence, covering the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection at the same time. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.


In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.


Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.


Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.


eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped withA legally valid timestamp that proves that electronic files have not been tampered with during a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.


Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.


Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.


Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing



Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on blockchain can effectively ensure real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data and reduceThere are fewer subject information to be entered repeatedly; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the authenticity of the data circulation process on the chain. The performance of bidders in the regional alliance is directly taken from the data on the chain, making it impossible to hide false performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".



Blockchain-based transaction witness

"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.


Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies



Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but alsoLowering the cost of use for most bidders promotes the use of bid guarantees, which to a certain extent can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market.



Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.



Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; conducting value transactions through blockchainpass, the financing cycle is greatly shortened; reducing supplier loan costs is conducive to reducing the production cost of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately increases the bidder's profit margin and indirectly reduces the cost of the bidder.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.


So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time


The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage, etc..

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

『玖』 In which year was China’s first blockchain engineering undergraduate major approved?

China’s first blockchain engineering undergraduate major was approved in 2019 Year approved.

Blockchain Engineering is a new major approved by Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology in 2019. It is the first "Blockchain Engineering" undergraduate major in the country. In 2021, the Ministry of Education announced the results of the registration and approval of undergraduate majors in general colleges and universities in 2020. A total of 14 colleges and universities have registered for the "Blockchain Engineering" major.

The country’s first blockchain engineering major is located in Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology, which shows that the related majors of Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology are very strong. In the fourth round of national overall discipline level assessment, Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology ranked first among provincial universities in Sichuan Province in its information and communication engineering, computer science and technology, software engineering, statistics and other disciplines.

Established the National Bureau of Statistics Key Open Laboratory for Statistical Information Technology and Data Mining, the Sichuan Provincial Information Application Support Software Engineering Technology Research Center, the Graphic Avatar Intelligent System Collaborative Innovation Center, and dozens of campus joint experiments room.

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