地球区块链合法吗,区块链 地图

近年来，区块链技术受到越来越多的关注，而地球区块链也成为人们津津乐道的话题。那么，地球区块链是否合法呢？

对于地球区块链的合法性，有不同的看法。一方面，有人认为，地球区块链是一种新兴技术，有利于改善传统金融体系的缺陷，可以有效防止金融犯罪，有利于提高金融系统的安全性，因此是合法的。

另一方面，也有人认为，地球区块链技术可能会引发一些问题，比如数据安全问题，隐私保护问题，甚至可能会对金融系统的稳定造成影响，因此不太合法。

不管怎样，地球区块链技术的发展离不开相关法律的支持和配合。因此，地球区块链技术的合法性问题，必须要从相关的法律法规出发，结合实际情况，逐步制定出一套比较完善的相关法律法规，以确保地球区块链技术的合法性。

从长远来看，地球区块链技术有着巨大的发展潜力，可以为金融业带来新的发展机遇。因此，地球区块链技术的合法性问题应该引起重视，政府和相关机构应该加快相关法律法规的制定，以保证地球区块链技术的合法性。

请查看相关英文文档

1. Explain blockchain in vernacular

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Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. You just need to know that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security, which is not easybeen tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume failed nodes and maliciousThe number of nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"PreviouslyThe operation mode of your canteen is a typical centralization. You grant credit to the villagers and all the accounting is directly connected with our villagers through you. You are the center of all accounting. " Ergazi said he understood and let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the debts will become dead debts? It is estimated that it will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white. Forget about remembering those accounts orally, but the decentralization of the blockchain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, then the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of the blockchain is "decentralization"

"The The essence is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because there are many nodes for accounting, it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others can refuse to pay, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to repay the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial dealings with him in the future??"

At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was I was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I also felt a small sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow villagers to get paper. The pen helps you keep accounts, but it is done through the Internet and computer networking. "

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then what others bought from me, wouldn't everyone in the village know it? Then who would buy things from me? There is really no privacy at all. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep procrastinating? "

"Okay, Gazi, your question is on point. "It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and he is very shrewd in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a picture of numbers and English. String, and each account has a timestamp to record the time of occurrence, which cannot be relied on. "

Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”

“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete??"

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamps, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: "Does the blockchain mean that I used to learn from the Internet?"All purchases and payments online have to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with the seller? Anyway, the accounting is very safe. "

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Gazi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "Your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long, right? Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "

"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first, and then others knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si can get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.

"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”

If you have nothing to do, don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall, GaziIt is a typical example of this. Despite a large circle, both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, the question he really cares about is "Is investment in blockchain projects reliable?" When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now The so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

Up to now, there are only three situations in investing in blockchain: mining, currency speculation, and so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining is to obtain returns by purchasing mining equipment such as mining machines, mining virtual currencies, and then selling them for cash. . You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously something only a very small number of investors who understand technology can do well, and my childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t do it.

As for "coin speculation", I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both "buy low and sell high" operations, they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!

The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currency is illegal

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"Got it!

I quickly called Gazi and conducted the above analysis carefully??

2. Is Earth Coin a blockchain? Does anyone know?

Earth Coin EAC, It is a blockchain network virtual asset. The total amount is 13.5 billion, and the circulation is already about 11.5 billion. Not finished digging yet.
Dedicated to education and environmental protection industries. Persistent maintenance team; friendlier user experience, extremely fast transfer speed.
EarthCoin, the fastest transfer currency in the world
EarthCoin (EAC) is a global cryptocurrency based on the scrypt algorithm released in Toronto, Canada on December 20, 2013. Committed to sustainable and equitable development.

Blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that uses smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and manipulate data.

The total amount of earth coins is 13.5 billion, with 365 days as a cycle, starting with 10,000 coins per block, and a sinusoidal change with an amplitude of 2,000. Meaning it starts at 10,000 coins and adjusts each block until it reaches 12,000 coins per block after 3 months, then drops to 10,000 coins after about 6 months, drops to 8,000 coins per block at 9 months, and then to It will increase to 10,000 coins per block in the year. Pay in half later. Every 14 days there will be one day with twice the output, and every 31 days there will be one day with five times the output. By far one of the fastest currencies in the world for wallet transfers.

2013.12 Earth Coin was released in Toronto, Canada.
2014.7.21 Earth Coin (EAC) Mission Statement: People’s Currency, Freedom and Foresight, and launched version 1.3.1 wallet
2014.7.22 Earth Coin (EAC) walked into a store that uses Earth Coin as payment
2014.8 Earth Coin (EAC) sponsored Jaguar Rescue Center
2016.5 [EAC] Earth Coin community carried out a loving support action to Guangxi Hope Primary School
2017.5.22 Earth Coin Chinese Community The official team was established
2017.5.26[EAC] The original Earth Coin team members returned and launched a new wallet pre-release version
2017.6 Earth Coin China Community official forum was officially launched
Earth Coin makes you fast and efficient , manage your blockchain assets safely and legally.

A global cryptocurrency based on the scrypt algorithm
Safe and valuable digital assets
Sustainable and fair development
Widely known at home and abroad
GitHub code open source
One of the fastest transfer currencies in the world
Environmental protection, education and public welfare
Persistent team and community maintainers

3. What is blockchain and how to introduce it in a simple and easy-to-understand manner Blockchain

Many people don’t know what blockchain is. Here I will give you a detailed introduction. Blockchain is a new technology that subverts the old model. Just like people tend to ignore the invisible but indispensable Like the lack of oxygen, people often ignore the most important thing in the market economy, that is trust. Without trust, no transaction can be established.

In addition, different races, nationalities, cultures, religious beliefs, etc. will form a trust gap. Due to the lack of mutual understanding and necessary trust between strangers, it is difficult for transactions to occur. The market economy emerged in large numbers among strangers. The emergence and development of the market economy lies in the birth of a new mechanism, which solves the problem of trust between strangers.

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in a paper written by Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. Blockchain can be understood as a kind of public accounting. Technical solution: All data will be open and transparent, without the need for a central server as a trust intermediary, thus ensuring the authenticity, immutability and credibility of information on a technical level. The immutability of data is very important.

Because the blockchain has the technical characteristics of large-scale expansion, open and transparent data, and because the data of each client is consistent, even if some clients are destroyed, it will not affect the reliability of data security. In particular, it can effectively solve the problem of trust between strangers, so this technology can be extended to all fields that can be digitized, such as digital currency, payment settlement, digital bills, proof of rights, credit information, government services, medical records, etc. If blockchain technology develops, it will be closely related to everyone in the future.

4. What is blockchain

Why do you think the country attaches so much importance to blockchain? The central bank also issued the world's first sovereign digital currency DCEP. This technology seems to have nothing to do with us. What is the difference from current mobile payment? Have you ever had similar doubts? It’s a bit brain-burning, but it will definitely allow you to fully understand the core value of blockchain.

Let’s review first. In the era before e-commerce, how difficult was it to buy something off-the-beaten-path? You either had to go around a lot by yourself and spend a lot of time going to various places. Or directly find an intermediary to pay a high cost and let them buy it for you, right? Because our transaction requires the cost of information matching, that is, how the buyer's needs are received by the seller. This process of information transmission is either done by someone or by a robot. You may be confused, aren't we talking about blockchain? Why have we come to this point? Hey, don’t worry, if you want to understand blockchain, you must start from the nature of economic activities.

All economic activities in our society can be understood as a group of exchanges. Whether you are looking for a job, a buying something, or a live broadcast, they are all sets of transactions. , the more developed the economy is. But there's always something standing in the way of a deal being made, and that's transaction costs.

There are several types of them. The information matching cost of the transaction we just talked about is one of them. For a long period of time, your family has something to sell, and I just want to buy it, but I don’t know you, this deal can’t be concluded. Until the emergence of the Internet and big data, everyone can suddenly start hooking up quickly. All sellers and buyers can complete the deal without leaving home. This is technology. Progress has significantly reduced the cost of confidence in transactions, creating a 20-year boom in e-commerce. But once the transaction intention is reached, can we make bold transactions with confidence?

At this time, the second obstacle to the transaction jumps out. It is called trust cost. For example, before signing a contract, you must check whether the other party is from Earth, right? If he is a Alien, what contract did you sign for him? Also, you must check whether he has the corresponding qualifications. If it is illegal and has no resources, you will not sign. But this inspection process costs money. This is the cost paid for trust. Furthermore, why do we need to sign a contract? That's because if the other party violates the contract, we can file a lawsuit and we can get legal protection. The reason why the contract is credible is because there is a whole legal system behind it to provide protection, but this system requires money to operate. Where did the money come from? Of course, it is extracted from each of our transactions. Each of us is paying a huge cost for trust in the transaction process, because trust is based on information transparency, and people are naturally motivated by interests. As for panic, both parties to the transaction are trapped in a prisoner's dilemma. In the end, in order for the transaction to proceed smoothly, we have to introduce a trusted third party to break this dilemma.

We need to read the next sentence carefully. We have never trusted the counterparty of the transaction, but because we trust the third party, the third party has proved that the other party is reliable, so we indirectly trust This is one of the basic systems that our entire society operates now. However, all our current trusted third parties are basically composed of people, and any system that uses human power as energy must be at the bottom of its efficiency. For professional institutions, throughout the history of human development, it is a process of constantly replacing human power with machines. We invented the wheel to replace the shoulder and hand, and we invented the machine tool toInstead of manual work, computers were even invented to replace people's core abilities of calculation and reading. So what can replace manpower in the field of trusted third parties? It is the blockchain, which uses distributed storage, zero-knowledge proof, and asymmetric elliptic curve encryption algorithms. In short, technically it is a trusted third party that does not need to rely on anyone and cannot be tampered with.



So, if our legal digital currency DCEP application matures, what will happen? The cost of trust will be further reduced, and the friction cost in transaction behavior will also be reduced. Ultimately, it will trigger fundamental changes in the business, taxation, law and even governance methods of the entire society. At least corrupt officials can no longer hide their money, and the impact will definitely be far greater than the current e-commerce.

We should be happy that we live in a very forward-looking country. We are trying to create a new social form unprecedented in human history, and lead the entire world with this change.

Not written by me?

                                                                                                                                                                                                             From Douyin account: chuyong9
 
                                     Which

Many people now believe that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is a bit of a myth about blockchain technology!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a database storage system that is distributed around the world and can operate collaboratively. It is different from traditional database operation - the read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (center ization characteristics), the blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate in it. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically achieves noAn electronic cash system that requires third-party transfer or arbitration, and both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "transactions"."Instant invoicing" and "instant invoicing and reimbursement" - invoicing in seconds and reimbursement in minutes, greatly reducing tax collection and management costs and effectively solving problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one vote, tax evasion, etc. Poverty alleviation is another benefit of blockchain technology Implemented application. Utilize the openness, transparency, traceability, non-tampering and other characteristics of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, accurate investment and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Certificate storage and anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps. In addition, its public, non-tamperable, traceable and other characteristics provide a perfect solution for judicial authentication, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. Solution. In the field of intellectual property, through the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates, the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc. can be confirmed, and transactions can be executed through the creation of smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and maintain real-time security. The data forms an evidence chain, covering the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, luxury goods and other fields through supply chain tracking.< /p>

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will all With massive data, existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges, and edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, blockchain’s non-tampering and traceability mechanism for data The authenticity and high quality of data are guaranteed, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problem of " "Data monopoly" and "data island" issues, to realize the value of data circulation. In view of the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("area "Blockchain as a Service") solution. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce the cost of enterprise blockchain deployment and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also be used in charity, insurance, energy, It plays an important role in many fields such as logistics and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything else. Some people say that this is the arrival of a new era, and the past has become classic. Others say that everything is hype and ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain Technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries in the past two years, such as electronic signatures. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eSignBao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed .

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection, online signing, web page evidence collection, phone recording, email certificate storage, etc. .

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. issues of data authenticity, security and openness in the field. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering and loss, and promote data integrity.Efficient sharing and application. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of capital occupation of bidding deposits for bidding companies. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper features of blockchain will helpIn order to solve the above problems, the contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links are all implemented on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data credibility but also reduces the dependence of the entire system on centralized authoritative institutions.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values ​​and meets human value needs.Only the technology that is needed will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human beings’ pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a combination of data blocks that are connected sequentially in chronological order.Chained data structure, and cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

6. Is the Global Village Blockchain real or fake?

Answer: The Global Village Blockchain should be fake.

7. What software is Green Earth?

You may be talking about the green area app
HB Green Earth app, also called HB green earth chain, is an app that improves environmental protection for all people. Conscious blockchain trading money-making platform. The main purpose of the Green Earth app is to hope that everyone can realize the importance of environmental protection in the process of mining and making money!
HB Green Earth app is a blockchain software in miner mode. With this HB Green Earth, as long as you register and complete the certification, you can get a free experience environmental protection device. With the environmental protection device, you can mine minerals. coins, a total of about 13 environmental coins can be mined in 30 days. Only one environmental coin can be sold. The current market price is 0.7, and it will continue to rise every day. The income is relatively stable, no investment is required, and you can earn income anytime and anywhere. .

8. Is Smart Earth NAT a real blockchain?

Smart Earth NAT is decentralized and Smart Earth NAT is a real blockchain.

Smart Earth is divided into three elements, namely "3I": IoT, interconnection, and intelligence. It refers to the full application of the new generation of IT and Internet technologies to all walks of life and the embedding of sensors. , equipped with hospitals, power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, and oil and gas pipelines around the world.

Smart Earth forms the Internet of Things through the Internet; and then uses supercomputers and cloud computing to enable humans to work and live in a more refined and dynamic way, thus improving the level of intelligence around the world. Ultimately, it is Internet + Things Internet = smart planet. It is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it is the core feature of the blockchain.

(8) Extended reading on Earth’s blockchain:

The essence of blockchain:

Technological level It seems that blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for the blockchain to create trust. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related data using cryptographic methods. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

9. The rise and significance of the new world - the virtual world defined by blockchain

We are fortunate to be in a historic moment when two parallel worlds are about to intersect. One is the one we are familiar with. The physical world will not die or shrink; the other is the virtual world where chaos begins, it is coming towards us, but it is still vague. If you want, you can refuse to enter the virtual world, but your life will have many inconveniences; people born after 2025 will feel that everything in the virtual world is so natural and familiar.

The significance of blockchain

Ren Zeping in "Hearing Thunder in Silence - Looking at China's Future from the 2018 Statistical Bulletin" ( March 3, 2019) article mentioned, "According to IMF estimates, the total global GDP in 2018 reached 84.8 trillion U.S. dollars, of which China and the United States accounted for 16.1% and 24.2% of global GDP respectively. China's GDP in 2018 was equivalent to 90 trillion yuan.

According to Feixiaohao statistics as of 19:33 on March 3, 2019, the total market value of digital currencies is approximately US$136.4 billion, of which Bitcoin is approximately US$67.427 billion. Ethereum is US$14.138 billion. In other words, the total market value of digital currencies only accounts for 1.6‰ of global GDP (US$84.8 trillion).

In my opinion, physical The world's assets will gradually be mapped to the virtual world. In August 2018, I felt that there may be as much as 50% to 60% mapping in the future. In this way, digital currency will still grow by more than two to three hundred times.

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In fact, meeting the physiological needs for food, clothing, housing and transportation is relatively easy to achieve in modern society, and consumption is relatively low. When physiological needs such as food and clothing are met, people will naturally There will be psychological and spiritual needs such as security, emotion, respect, and self-realization, and the consumption of this part will gradually increase.

"Hearing Thunder in the Silent Place" ——The statistical data of “Looking at China’s Future from the 2018 Statistical Bulletin” reflect this change. The article mentioned that “the service industry’s contribution to GDP growth has reached a new high, and consumption dominates economic growth”: “The economic structure continues to be optimized, and the three industries have contributed to the economy. The contribution rate reached a record high, and the contribution of consumption increased significantly. From an industry perspective, the primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 7.2%, 40.7% and 52.2% of GDP respectively, and contributed 4.0%, 35.8% and 60.1% to GDP growth respectively, a change of -0.9, 0.9% and 60.1% respectively from the previous year. -0.5 and 1.3 percentage points, among which the contribution rate of the tertiary industry reached a record high. ”

Although the service industry cannot completely correspond to the new world of the generalized virtual economy, the overlap is very high. During the Spring Festival in 2019, the film "The Wandering Earth" " is very popular, and the box office has exceeded 4.5 billion yuan so far. From the perspective of labor creating wealth, the wealth created by the film crew is increasing day by day compared to the labor they put in.

In Lin Zuoming's "Generalized Virtual Economics", he also proposed that life creates wealth and wealth is the carrier of culture. I also agree with it very much. The scope of life is far greater than labor; when the basic problem of food and clothing is solved In the future, people are willing to spend far more on satisfying their psychological and spiritual needs than on food and clothing. Similar to movies, television, books, musicHigh-quality digital content such as entertainment, education, and games can be easily copied and utilized without increasing the cost by hundreds or thousands.

Therefore, I changed my point of view (my original point of view was: assets in the physical world will gradually be mapped to the virtual world, but it will not be 100% , maybe up to 50% 60%), I believe that the assets of the virtual world in the future (such as the bit assets proposed by Mr. Newton, the virtual economy proposed by Lin Zuoming) will be far greater than the assets of the real world (such as the atomic assets of Mr. Newton, the entities of Lin Zuoming) economy).

Digitalization is an unstoppable trend. Although the rate of digitization of everyone's physiological information, behavioral data, and psychological information is still very low, as the software-defined world gradually deepens, we will actively embrace it because of the need for convenient life and low-cost and efficient use of information. Or passively accept it, causing each individual's digitalization rate to increase year by year. People who were born before the large-scale popularization of the Internet may not feel it, but for those new generations who were born when the Internet, mobile Internet, and blockchain value networks were already popular, digital life has become a norm. In order to interact with them , older people will also increase their digital life ratio to a greater or lesser extent.

In the digital journey, the privacy protection of individual information and the security and transfer of digital assets will become more and more important. Trust infrastructure (trusted computing, trusted storage) will become a must. Because every bit in the blockchain world is stored and recorded on each node at the same time, it cannot be added, deleted or modified at will, which greatly enhances certainty.

Wang Jiaping said in "What's So Great About Blockchain": "Blockchain further expands the computer architecture of the von Neumann architecture. Separating it from specific physical computing devices can fundamentally prevent the computing process from being controlled by a single controller, so that everyone can trust this computing system." This reminds me of the "Software-Defined Storage" proposal written by my organization. The software-defined data center (Software Defined Data Center) initiated by VMware is divided into three stages:

1. Abstraction (decoupling or standardization)

2. Pool (Virtualization)

3. Automation (Strategy Driven)

Previously I wrote in "Change is Mining - Trading from FCoin" "Thoughts Triggered by McDonald's Issuance of MacCoin Tokens" mentioned: "Blockchain is a distributed log set or record set that is synchronized across the entire network."Take blockchain 1.0, also known as Bitcoin, as an example. It includes instructions such as accounting or logging, as well as data such as ledgers or logs. Instructions and data form a logical computing system. In early computers, its software system and data were tightly coupled in the physical computer. This computer was easily damaged, and instructions and data were easily tampered with. Later, high-availability clusters appeared, and physical security was improved. Guarantee; after the emergence of virtualization and cloud computing, software systems and physical hardware are decoupled. However, no matter which physical hardware the software system drifts to, the ownership of the physical hardware belongs to the same individual or organization. Therefore, it is possible that instructions or data may be tampered with due to loose protection from the outside world (such as hacker attacks), or internal misoperations, or even malicious operations.

However, the use of blockchain allows software systems to run on thousands of nodes, and everyone is doing the same thing: accounting or Keep a journal. The physical hardware of these thousands of nodes is owned by different individuals or organizations, and they do not know each other. Therefore, this software system not only achieves decoupling from the physical location (decentralization of the architecture), but also The decoupling of usage rights and ownership (decentralization of the organization) is achieved. In fact, each node of the entire public chain is based on consensus (public rules) and is constructed in a self-organized manner by many individuals or organizations that do not know each other. Essentially, no individual or organization has ownership. , so there is no single controller that can control or tamper with the instructions or data above. This is a very complete decoupling.

It should be noted that in the Bitcoin system, shared calculations are not implemented, but only shared ledgers are completed, and everyone is doing the same calculations. However, it is this shared ledger processing that opens a new chapter in IT history. Because this processing process is recognized by all node participants and is the cornerstone of trusted infrastructure.

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