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区块链企业技术选型要求,区块链企业技术选型标准

发布时间：2023-12-06-01:50:00 来源：网络区块链知识区块技术企业

区块链企业技术选型要求,区块链企业技术选型标准

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，越来越多的企业开始采用区块链技术作为自己的核心技术。然而，区块链技术的选型也是一个复杂的问题。那么，技术选型的要求是什么呢？下面就来详细介绍一下：

1. 兼容性：区块链技术的选型要求首先考虑兼容性。企业在选择技术时，需要考虑技术是否能够与现有的技术系统完美兼容，以免出现不必要的技术冲突。

2. 技术可靠性：另外，企业在选择技术时，也要考虑技术的可靠性。企业要选择那些技术可靠、稳定、安全的技术，以确保企业的正常运行。

3. 技术可操作性：此外，企业还要考虑技术的可操作性。企业要选择那些操作简单、易于理解的技术，以便更好地推进企业的发展。

4. 技术成本：最后，企业还要考虑技术的成本，也就是技术投入的成本。企业在选择技术时，要考虑技术的投入成本是否合理，以便更好地控制企业的成本。

总之，企业在选择区块链技术时，需要考虑兼容性、可靠性、可操作性和成本等多方面的因素，以便更好地推进企业的发展。

请查看相关英文文档

① How to choose a blockchain technology service provider

The first thing to look at is whether the blockchain technology service provider has developed successful cases. Generally, when negotiating cooperation, The other party will use the successful case they have done before as an example.
Secondly, check whether the other party has R&D experience in similar projects.
Third, look at the size and strength of the other party’s technical team. The size and strength of the technical team are important factors to ensure the normal progress and stability of the project
Fourth, you can ask your friends around you if they have any understanding and recommendations. Yes, I personally know that Blockchain has good technical strength but is relatively low-key. Xiaoyi has good publicity. When I personally feel that the strength is not enough, there are other ones. Understand and pay attention to yourself and choose the one that suits you best.
There are still issues that need attention that have not been mentioned, and I hope others will continue to add~~

② What should you pay attention to when choosing a blockchain project

Under the bear market of blockchain , how to find truly valuable blockchain projects? The editor will explain from the following aspects:

1. Use the Blockchain Security Technology Testing Center to see if it is a pyramid scheme coin or an air coin

Any project regardless of concept is boasted How advanced, how exaggerated the propaganda slogans are, but when it comes to the essence, it still depends on technology. Blockchain projects without technology are like the emperor's new clothes. They need a mirror that reflects the emperor's new clothes - blockchain Security Technology Testing Center.

Ulord public chain technology provider Tianhe Guoyun is one of the important sponsors of the Blockchain Security Technology Testing Center. The code audit function it provides is for the Blockchain Security Technology Testing Center to identify blockchain projects. A weapon for both good and bad. Code auditing uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to establish a knowledge base for automatic auditing of blockchain codes. It can improve the efficiency of code auditing and solve the security issues of smart contracts. The blockchain code audit business prevents digital asset security incidents by conducting quality assessments on blockchain projects, exchanges, wallets and smart contract codes, and provides services such as code revision measures and security protection deployment. It is reported that in addition to automatic auditing, Tianhe Guoyun's blockchain code audit can also customize expert team projects to conduct comprehensive audits to help investors identify "fake projects" to a greater extent.

2. Look at the blockchain project team

The blockchain field can be regarded as a comprehensive field, involving cryptography, mathematics, economics and even social management. Subject. We have a reliable team. As I mentioned above, the Ulord project has brought together a large number of high-level R&D and operations personnel.

3. It is not just a hot concept, but also its application.

There are many startups in the blockchain field. If you want to become a few high-quality projects that are widely recognized, just speculating on concepts or theories will not work. Only projects with hematopoiesis capabilities and practical implementation are good projects.

The current application DAPP Ush based on Ulord public chainare Youxiang has been officially launched into public beta on October 15th. Ushare is the world's first decentralized experience value sharing platform and the first DAPP based on the Ulord public chain. Through a decentralized consensus mechanism, we will build an open, fair and just content evaluation system, encourage high-quality experience producers and experience sharing disseminators, and allow the value of high-quality experience to flow.

There are also nearly a hundred teams and projects that are negotiating and cooperating with the Ulord public chain.

4. Communities all have autonomous attributes

Whether the community has the attributes of a DAO (distributed autonomous organization), this is naturally suitable for blockchain,

About the governance of the community. Whether it is the operation model of the community or the organizational form of the developer community, it is actually in a process of quantitative change to qualitative change. Everyone has realized the important role of community.

Ulord adopts a community autonomy model in which “everyone can participate and everyone can contribute to the ecology”.

We will have some new community governance models, including collaboration among some developers, and large-scale open source community collaboration models will be born and flourish.

The incentive system mainly includes three aspects: first, participation in accounting; second, contribution to network resources; third, participation in community building. As mentioned above, in the accounting part of our entire budget system, the POW + PoS part accounts for 60%, the code contribution level of participating in the open source community accounts for 10%, and the remaining 10% is used as an incentive for community operations. Therefore, we hope that more people can participate in the construction and promotion of Ulord. We hope to build a platform, but the dividends obtained from this platform should be shared with everyone to the greatest extent. This is also fundamentally different from Internet products.

③ What is blockchain technology and what aspects may it be used for in the future?

The development of technology is often beyond your imagination, from the agricultural revolution to the industrial revolution to the information revolution. The blockchain revolution has now begun. Reaching the height of the cognitive revolution should be considered a relatively big proposition. Why did the previous emergence of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. not mention the cognitive revolution, but blockchain can?

How to quickly enter the blockchain industry?

1. Find the top experts in this industry and learn or communicate with them, such as Li Xiaolai, such as Uncle Cai

2. You can buy some books. News books are not as mixed as Taobao. There are only a few classics, choose a few and read them through

3. You can search for more related articles, public accounts, Zhihu or other, which are very informative. You can find yourself after reading 30 high-quality articles. Article, you are basically getting started.

WeChat public account: Workplace Cheese Pie, tell you about things in the workplace

④ What are the core blockchain technology introductions in blockchain technology

What is the hottest topic on the Internet right now? No need to be pettyThe editor also knows that it is blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), which solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to seconds), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), target hash value of the current block, and Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This kind of function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block, and ultimately generates a unified hash value of all transaction information in the block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause Merkle tree changes.
Core Technology 4, Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key confidentiality method that requires two keys: a public key and a private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. In order to verify the signature, the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number , so that the hash value of the new block plus the random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, in the PeerCoin PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predictTest the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who do not win will be deducted Ether coins to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, it is more suitable to use POS because there is no trust problem in verification nodes; and because there are untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, it is more suitable to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain technology----contract layer: giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of programmed rules and logic that respond to scenarios. departmentIt is implemented by decentralized, trustworthy and shared script code deployed on the blockchain. Normally, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content of the introduction to the core technology of blockchain.

⑤ How to do blockchain entry

Blockchain technology is currently in a stage of rapid development. In the past two years, our country has also invested a lot of money and cultivated talents in this area.
Technical people who are born can learn this technology, and non-technical people can start from industry media and industry communities.
If an enterprise needs to develop blockchain applications, it can entrust a professional third-party company. The current technology in Guangzhou is good.

⑥ Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, blockchain has become the concern of most people In the field of blockchain, many companies have already studied this technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology concept 1

Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain

1. Basic concepts

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

2. Working principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

1. Distributed The ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.

Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. ""Everyone is equal" means that when nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work, and only Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of forgery. Possibly.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Taking insurance as an example, if everyone’s The information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is authentic and credible, so it is easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

3. Others

The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they will be reunited. Scattered on the Internet, it is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. The only thing they do is to reorganize all our information. In the Internet era, the monopoly giants reorganized Information does not generate its own information, the information generated is completely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will appear, so it is an era of long-lasting divisions that must be combined. Now due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has reached a time of long-lasting divisions. The era is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands. The value generated by personal data belongs to ourselves. This is the most exciting thing in this era. era.

What is the value of blockchain? It is a low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish digital rights, and solve the property rights of data.

Currently, blockchain technology continues to develop. Including the current development of single chain to multi-chain, and the technology can be further expanded, I think there may still be disruptive scenarios in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects, especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.< /p>

The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on an untrustworthy network.

One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow Trust produces lossless transmission, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.

The blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum appears in this process. Encryption and other encryption, in fact, attacks on the encryption algorithms used in the blockchain itself also occur from time to time. Including the blockchain is also a recognition of an asset, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use passwords Algorithm, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if the password is forgotten, it is likely that your current assets will be lost.You can't get your original assets back, so there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.

The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.

4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.

Blockchain technology concept 2

The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.

The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.

Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness,Autonomy, immutability of information, and anonymity.

Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.

Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.

Blockchain Technology Concept 3

Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and script programs on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.

Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.

Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.

Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is outside the scope of this article.)

Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where Ethereum can be traded. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.

Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.

DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a user-friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum groupteam but with a similar spirit). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)

Ethereum client, smart contract language

Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.

Clients available for running Ethereum nodes

Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages, that is, multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network, , including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.

At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.

About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.

Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.

Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) anotherThe first problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.

Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.

Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.

There are several languages to choose from when writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.

solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.

web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.

⑦ How to choose an SCM cloud supply chain system suitable for enterprises

To choose an SCM cloud supply chain system suitable for enterprises, we must consider the following aspects:
1. Clarity The enterprise's own needs must not be "imitation"
In the process of enterprise cloud supply chain system selection, such a problem often arises. Enterprises ignore their own problems and demand points and blindly pursue brands or companies in the same industry. choices, resulting in the phenomenon of "doing something in the same way and imitating others".. As the competition among information technology manufacturers becomes increasingly fierce, it is easy for enterprises to lose their direction during the information selection process. Therefore, enterprises must first have a thorough understanding of their business characteristics and needs during the selection process, so that the selection will be more targeted and more in line with their own circumstances.
2. Management systems should be coordinated to avoid information islands
Generally speaking, the procurement, warehouse, sales and other departments of an enterprise often fall into the situation of "working independently", and information coordination between departments appears. Obstacles cannot achieve real-time information sharing, and information islands are prone to occur. Therefore, when selecting a cloud supply chain system, you must pay attention to the synergy of the system and whether the information connectivity for these departments is excellent. In some companies, each department uses its own system, which is independent of each other and cannot collaborate. As everyone knows, the purpose of installing a system is to clear communication barriers and achieve smooth flow of information. However, it is difficult to achieve this goal when multiple systems are parallel and unable to connect. Therefore, in the process of informatization selection, it is necessary to pay attention to the synergy of systems among various departments.
3. Enterprise employees should cooperate in the implementation to avoid the system becoming a decoration
In addition to the selection of the successful implementation of the information management system, another thing that needs to be paid attention to is the degree of cooperation of the enterprise's own employees. It should be said that information technology projects require the cooperation of software suppliers and enterprises. It will not work if either party has problems. It often happens that the management system selected by the enterprise after spending a lot of manpower and financial resources becomes a decoration after the implementation. Because the working habits developed by employees over a long period of time and the management system fail to find a suitable integration point, over time it becomes Returning to the original work routine, the system will naturally become abandoned in the long run. Therefore, in the process of selecting a cloud supply chain system, the deployment and deployment of one's own personnel must be resolute, job responsibilities must be clear, and corporate execution must be in place.
After clarifying the above situation, you can find a suitable system.
Take the 8Manage SPM procurement cloud system as an example:

They are 100% independently developed enterprise management software using blockchain technology. All software can be deployed in the cloud and supports a high degree of customer service. Systematization. You can choose to rent the product (SaaS) on demand or purchase a permanent license for private deployment.
The specific functions are as follows:
1. Supplier life cycle management
Segmentation/level/qualification/performance management
Strategic sourcing and supplier recruitment
Suppliers Bidding management
Supplier collaboration and self-service
Supplier assessment
2. Intensive and decentralized procurement
Support layer-by-layer summary of procurement requirements
Intensive procurement to obtain more information Good purchasing price
Supports direct purchasing by using departments
Supports large-volume/regular/urgently needed goods purchasing
3. Whole-process management of purchasing
Purchasing application and approval process
Purchasing pricing (Inquiry, price comparison, bidding, negotiated price)
One-stop purchase order management
Shipping, receipt, acceptance and storage
Invoice and payment management
4. Base price of purchased products
Purchased product information management
Procurement product price management
Historical best price and market best price
Suppliers self-update product prices
Automatically prompt the deviation between the purchase price and the benchmark price
5. Online Electronic bidding
Tender plan and tender documents
Supplier pre-selection
Bid response-bid evaluation-bid selection-announcement of results
Set bidding process as needed
Tender analysis ( Participation, shortlisting rate, return rate, etc.)
6. Click-to-click custom reports
Reports can be customized as needed
Click-to-click report generator
Report display can be set (Fields, layout, color)

⑧ What are the core technologies of blockchain system development-blockchain transaction system development-

Blockchain technology is an emerging technology today Technology, but it is not appropriate to say so, because this technology was born with the emergence of Bitcoin ten years ago, but it is no problem to say that it is a very hot technology at the moment. After 10 years of continuous updates, blockchain technology has finally seen relevant applications in the past two years, and has entered the blockchain 3.0 era. In the next 3-5 years, I believe there will be more fields that require blockchain Chain system to support. Below, the editor of blockchain system development loopodo will take you to take a look at several core technologies for blockchain system development.
1. Hash algorithm
Hash algorithm is the most commonly used algorithm in the development of blockchain systems. Hash function is also called hash function or hash function. The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y =h (x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
2. Asymmetric encryption algorithm
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a secret key method. Asymmetric encryption algorithm requires two keys: public key and private key. . The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt data, it can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm
3. Consensus Mechanism
The so-called "consensus mechanism" is through the voting of special nodes. The verification and confirmation of the transaction can be completed in a very short time; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, we can think that the entire network can also reach a consensus on it.
Today’s blockThe consensus mechanism of the chain can be divided into four major categories: Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Delegated Proof of Shares (DPoS) and Pool verification pool.
4. Smart Contract
A smart contract is a digital, networked version of a traditional contract. They are computer programs that run on the blockchain and can execute themselves when conditions written in the source code are met. Once a smart contract is written, it can be trusted by users and the terms of the contract will not be changed. Therefore, the contract is immutable and cannot be modified by anyone.
Developers write code for smart contracts, which are used for transactions and any exchange between two or more parties. The code will contain some conditions that trigger automatic execution of the contract. Once written, the smart contract is automatically uploaded to the network. Once the data is uploaded to all devices, users can come to agreement with the results of executing the program code.
5. Distributed Storage
Distributed storage uses the disk space on each machine in the enterprise through the network, and combines these dispersed storage resources into a virtual storage device, and the data is distributed in Every corner of the enterprise. Massive data is divided according to the degree of structure, and can be roughly divided into structured data, unstructured data, and semi-structured data.
Lupda Network Technology focuses on blockchain system development, Ethereum development, blockchain transaction system development, virtual currency platform development, currency transaction system development, and digital currency wallet system development

⑨ What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain?

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a combination of data blocks that are connected sequentially in chronological order. A chained data structure and cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

[Infrastructure]

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer composition. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure and distributed nodes based on timestampThe consensus mechanism, economic incentives based on consensus computing power and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Extended information:

[Blockchain core technology]

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it addresses this issue Four technological innovations:

1. Distributed ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they all Can participate in supervising the legality of transactions and can also jointly testify for them.

The uniqueness of blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally stores The data is divided into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectivelyto help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

Blockchain-Network