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谈谈区块链全套

发布时间：2023-12-06-02:27:00 来源：网络区块链知识区块全套

谈谈区块链全套

近年来，区块链技术受到了越来越多的关注，它的发展潜力无限。那么，区块链究竟是什么？它又有什么样的应用场景？

区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它采用分散式存储和共识机制来确保数据的安全性和可靠性。它的核心原理是“去中心化”，也就是说，所有参与者都可以自由地参与网络活动，而无需经过中央机构的审核。

区块链技术的应用场景非常广泛，从金融领域到政府部门，甚至是娱乐行业，都可以看到它的身影。在金融领域，区块链技术可以用来构建去中心化的金融系统，实现点对点的资金转移；在政府部门，它可以用来构建可信的政府服务系统，提高政府服务效率；在娱乐行业，它可以用来构建去中心化的分布式游戏系统，实现游戏数据的安全存储和资产流转。

此外，区块链技术还可以用来构建去中心化的身份验证系统，实现身份认证和资产管理；用来构建去中心化的数据存储系统，实现数据的安全存储和共享；用来构建去中心化的智能合约系统，实现自动执行合约和资产管理。

总之，区块链技术具有很强的发展潜力，它可以用来构建各种去中心化的系统，实现数据的安全存储和资产流转。通过引入区块链技术，可以有效地提高系统的安全性和可靠性，从而实现金融服务的普惠化和政府服务的便捷化。

请查看相关英文文档

❶ What exactly is blockchain

Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.

The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.

We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".

The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is very different from the traditional "centralized database" in storage, update and operation.

A centralized database can be thought of as having this shape:

For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, all data requests from when I make money to when he receives the money will be centrally processed by Alipay. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally believe it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being hacked, the server being burned, a traitor appearing, and the company running away (Of course, the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.

Then some people think that this kind of low-probability event can use any technical means to avoid individual risks, and not only hand over the data to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process data.

The database structure may look like this:

This picture is a schematic structural diagram of a "distributed database". Each point is a server, they all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it seems that it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but it is also very confusing and inefficient intuitively. Who will handle my information, and who has the final say on the outcome?

At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: who will process a data request (what qualifications are required); who will verify the results (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors and verifiers from colluding with each other, etc.

Some people may like to be questioned when a "rule" is made. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, they must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. We will start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchain and the role of digital currencies.

When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": there are so many nodes that can process information, and I don't know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go and file a lawsuit against it). They all have my data, why should I trust them?

At this time, encryption algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) comes on stage.

In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of a hash algorithm.

HaHashing algorithms can quickly convert any type of data into a hash value. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, and anti-collision. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request could record the information for me, but they had no idea who I was or what I was doing.

So far, the working principle of the decentralized network has been introduced. But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it blockchain?

To understand this matter, we need to clarify a few knowledge points first:

The previous picture is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. . And specifically at the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and strung together in chronological order to form a "chain structure", like this:

Figure Each ring in can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.

In order to academically explain the fields of each part of the data in the block, we tried to use a book metaphor to describe what a blockchain data structure is.

Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.

Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.

It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.

This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.

When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be formed if it is recognized by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.

This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.

Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."

Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.

When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to repay the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.

Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.

This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.

A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.

Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?

Let's go back to 2008.

On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after another, and the Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hoped to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.

Twenty-eight days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography mailing group: "I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third party. Three-party trust institution." The text of the post is a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.

The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.

Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This also sparked discussion in the bitcointalk forum. Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."

Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.

This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".

After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".

There are also people who are not satisfied with the "oldThe world described in "The Testament" started a new sect, written the doctrine into a white paper, and told the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of 66 volumes of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and another 2,000 years Interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.

CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%. Recently, The price is hovering around US$7,200 per coin.

So many currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain reserves. Value and hedging characteristics; digital currencies represented by Ethereum have become the "operational fuel" in its network system; stablecoins represented by USDT and Libra have good payment capabilities due to their low volatility; DCEP The digital currency issued by the central bank represented by the Central Bank has replaced M0 to a certain extent, allowing commercial institutions and ordinary people to not delay receipts and payments when they have no cash and are disconnected from the Internet.

It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, initially And the "biggest" application is digital currency.

Digital currency has also become an attractive reward for participants to maintain the public chain.

So besides digital currency, where else can blockchain technology be used? What?

Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is—a decentralized database, and its corresponding characteristics: traceability, publicity, anonymity, and tamper-proof. So in theory, traditional You can try to use blockchain to transform any centralized database scenario to see if it is suitable.

Next, let’s talk about a few industries and scenarios where blockchain has been successfully implemented:

Blockchain can Proving the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps provides a perfect solution for forensic forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc.

In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, tracking blocks through the supply chain Chain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods.

Give two examples.

Blockchain can allow government data to be run and greatly streamline the service process

The distributed technology of the blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the worker passes the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contract can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent transactions can be completed in sequence. Approval and signature.

Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the blockchain electronic invoice "Tax Chain" platform. The tax department, the invoicing party, and the payee pass a unique number Join the "Tax Chain" network with your identity to truly realize "instant invoicing upon transaction" and "immediate reimbursement upon invoicing" - invoicing in seconds and reimbursement in minutes, significantly reducing tax collection and management costs and effectively solving data tampering, over-reporting of one vote, and tax evasion. and other issues.

Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the openness, transparency, and trustworthiness of blockchain technologyFeatures such as traceability and non-tampering enable transparent use, precise allocation and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Give two examples as well.

The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security is jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which will be issued to Chinese citizens based on the citizen's identity number as the root and cryptographic algorithm. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively alleviating the problems of personal identity information being fraudulently used, abused and privacy leaked.

Odaily Planet Daily compiled 5 identity chain projects registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes

In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, there are many markets Participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. In just a few minutes, they can complete payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that currently take two or three days to complete, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.

In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complicated. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer can handle the issuance on its own through smart contracts. , regulatory authorities conduct unified review and verification, and investors can also bypass intermediaries for direct operations.

In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Give me an example.

The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing

The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. With the development of more new technologies, blockchain may be able toThe combination works in unexpected intersections and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.

In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.

Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.

In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

During this trial process from traditional technology to blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, they also have problems with the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance). , the requirements are not high, and this field is quite suitable for combining blockchain.

At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.

Typical examples of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric, a major contribution from IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.

These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. Businesses or individuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.

It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.

Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.

Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.

Hope to see you here, have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain infrastructure:

Blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.

❷ What is blockchain

The poster must first understand two logics.

One is blockchain technology and the other is blockchain investment (a mixture of good and bad, need to be distinguished).

Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. P is a big deal, every node on the chain will be replicated and accounted for synchronously, and the information will be transparent and difficult to tamper with. For example, if you say you want to buy a bag for your girlfriend, and she posts it to Moments, everyone knows about it and writes it down in her notebook. You can't deny it, so you have to pay for it. However, having a partner is the first step!

There are three core values of blockchain technology

1. Decentralization

2. Traceability

3. Untamperable

Because of its values, it can solve many trust problems in our daily life, such as food safety, evidence preservation, etc.

It can be said that the application of blockchain in today's society is becoming more and more widespread, but there are also people who don't know much about blockchain. So what exactly is blockchain? Let me talk about my own experience!

In terms of the decentralized storage of the blockchain, the blockchain can be said to be equivalent to a distributed ledger. The memory of each block is arranged in series using the order of time to form an extensive chain. And this combined chain cannot be tampered with or forged by a third party at will, which effectively guarantees the security of the chain formed by data combination!

Moreover, the characteristics of blockchain are fully in line with the business needs of modern enterprises. Blockchains that are sufficiently decentralized and trustless will be accepted by more people over time. , I believe that blockchain will also be immeasurable in its future development.

So, where exactly can blockchain be used? I believe this is also an issue that many people are concerned about. Just like the Starlight Chain developed by Diandian Starlight, as the Starlight Chain has the same characteristics as the blockchain, more realistic distributed storage and cloud computing will be widely used in our daily life services and the Internet of Things!

In commercial storage, Starlight Chain will also play a vital role. For example, distributed hotels or smart life computing are inseparable from Starlight Chain's storage, computing and processing work.

It is said that Starlight Chain will be launched soon. If you want to own Starlight Chain, you must prepare in time! But there is another point. If you want to own the Starlight Chain, you have to mine or trade it. If you don’t know it, you need to understand it in advance. Only when you know yourself and your enemy can you choose something that suits you!

What is blockchain? Everyone who knows has a little understanding and their own opinions.

The official definition of blockchain is: Blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that ensures the security of data transmission and access and uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

What is mentioned separately in blockchain technology is "decentralization", which means that online transactions do not require intermediaries such as Alipay, and buyers and sellers directly communicate with each other, and there is no need to worry about being cheated. If you cheat, there is no need to consider the credibility of each other.

Similar to the real-life transactions in a physical store, you give him money and he gives you things. He can see the origin of your money, who has used it in the past, and who holds it, and you can see the raw materials, the place of origin, and the specific manufacturing process. Isn’t this awesome?

In the blockchain, we are all a link in the chain. We are linked back and forth, forming a chain, a loop, and a network. Everyone is a part of it, and everyone is the last source of information for others. and accept the next message.

Regardless of whether you make money or not, participating early will always give you more opportunities.

In one sentence, if Internet technology solves the communication problem, blockchain technology solves the trust problem.

The so-called blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. In layman's terms, blockchain refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. To put it more clearly, blockchain is similar to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important.

Currently, whoever owns the system does the accounting, WeChat’sTencent keeps the ledger, and Taobao’s ledger is kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.

What? I don’t know...

How to use it? The most typical one is probably the economic profit brought about by the exponential explosive growth of Bitcoin. And now every major platform has launched its own blockchain, hoping to get a piece of the pie.

Now the most popular NetEase Planet earns Force Power by signing in every day and earning Force Power by inviting friends. The amount of Force Power directly affects the number of black diamonds you mine. Until now So far, the eldest brother who has dug the most black diamonds probably has only about seventy, and I only have about three.

The current information provided by NetEase is that the black diamond transaction will be carried out in mid-March. At that time, it should be possible to reflect whether the black diamond is valuable. And compared with other blockchain projects, NetEase Planet must have the invitation code of the inviter before you can register.

The second one is Block City, which is also a relatively popular platform. Judging from my current situation, this platform has more types of mines. It’s not just like Black Diamond. It is a kind of thing, and in comparison, the quantity dug is really small. So far, it is calculated based on the output of a few 0.00.

The third one is this inurswallet. I don’t quite understand this one. It’s similar to the other two, but the output is relatively large

The fourth one is this online Leitz dog. This one is a little different from the others. You can get calculus points by signing in. , or you can earn micro points by inviting friends, and you can also earn micro points by buying and selling Leitz dogs. Many people feel that there is nothing interesting about raising a dog, because they don’t need to collect it all the time like other platforms, so it seems a bit boring. The current Leitz dog is only the 0th generation, and the breeding function may appear in the later period to produce the 1st generation, the 2nd generation, etc.

Blockchain is a technology that can make data on the Internet safe, reliable and non-replicable. Moreover, there is no need for an agency or organization to take care of it.

At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature, because there are indeed technical bottlenecks, resulting in unsatisfactory data processing speed in the blockchain. The reason why blockchain is so popular is inseparable from people’s enthusiastic expectations. However, blockchain is indeed a disruptive technology. I believe that one day it will break through the technical bottleneck and truly good applications will emerge.

1 and N, public and private, efficient and inefficient

(1) What is the difference between new retail and blockchain?

Many people’s first impression is that there is no essential difference between the two!

Is this really the case?

Share-holding new retail, free access for the people, limited capital, only channel, and the end point is socialist ownership by the whole people. Blockchain, free access to capital, restrictions on people, infinite channels and platforms (N), constantly pushing up channel costs, always points to capitalist private ownership. One is 1, the other is N; one channel has decreasing costs, one channel has increasing costs; one points to socialist ownership by the whole people, and the other points to capitalist private ownership.

(2) What is the difference between new retail and traditional networks?

Many people feel that new retail will help everyone make money in the future, and will be the same as the traditional Internet in other aspects.

Is this really the case?

Consumer-led new retail has free access for consumers and producers, limited capital, and unique channels. The end point is zero marginal cost and a high degree of system security and stability. In contrast, today's traditional networks have free access to capital, and the number and cost of channels are constantly increasing. Each platform may not see the sun next year, and the platform is logically unsafe and unstable. One is 1, the other is N; one is cost-decreasing, the other is cost-increasing; one is a benefit entity, and the other is a pitfall entity; one is heading towards stability and unity, the other is heading towards division and conflict; one is pointing towards common prosperity, and the other is pointing towards polarization.

(3) What is the difference between new retail and the commercial banking system led by the Federal Reserve?

Consumers dominate new retail, with only one channel. Consumers and physical enterprises have free access. The end point is the lowest-cost channel and socialist public ownership. Commercial banks have free access to capital, and the end point is that channel costs are constantly rising, which not only squeezes physical profits, but also points to debt and economic crisis. One is 1, the other is N; one is free access for people, and the other is free access for capital; one is zeroing out channel costs, pointing to happiness, and the other is gradually increasing channel costs, and the economy is driven by investment, which ultimately triggers an irreversible environmental crisis. .

(4) Great simplicity, all methods unified

Channels do not directly create value!

The fewer channels, the higher the efficiency. New retail has free access for the people. To maintain the uniqueness is to maintain the lowest cost and to maintain the road to the future!

Looking at blockchain, traditional networks and commercial banking systems, their starting point is N. The more they struggle, the greater the damage to the entities they depend on, and the closer they are to death.

——What is socialist public ownership?

All enterprises are linked into a super enterprise by a new retail. This super enterpriseLevel enterprises only bear two costs: production and transportation costs. The wealth of society is determined by production capacity, not by capital and financial algorithms. Strong and excess production capacity determines common prosperity.

——What is capitalist private ownership?

With free access to capital, you can mess around. The number of channels and platforms continues to increase, and channel costs increase exponentially, squeezing entity profits and inhibiting entity enterprises from serving the people. Channels here include blockchain, traditional networks, commercial banking networks, etc. The essence of private ownership is to be conservative and fish in troubled waters.

What is blockchain? This word seems to have become a question that people who have done a little research on the Internet will ask in 2018.

The emergence of blockchain as a new concept word, many people cannot understand it at first. We take the Starlight Chain of Diandianxingguang, code: STA as an example.

Starlight Chain is based on blockchain and has the characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization and trustlessness. The so-called decentralization and trustlessness mean that point-to-point transmission can be carried out in the future, and Starlight Chain Chains can achieve this. The details are as follows:

Based on the decentralization, distribution, point-to-point transmission, non-tampering and other characteristics of the blockchain, the uploaded data will be stored in slices and backed up multiple times and encrypted for storage. Obtaining any one or more pieces cannot constitute complete data. When part of the stored data is lost or damaged, in order to ensure the security of the data and download it at any time, the system will automatically generate a new backup, and only the private key can be used to download, change or delete.

Blockchain is used to jointly record public data, or in a more narrow sense, for accounting.

You said that you can just use a computer to record the accounts yourself. Why do you need a blockchain to record them?

Because others don’t believe the accounts you keep. Who are you? Why do others believe what you remember?

For example, you recorded in your computer that Zhang San owes you 10,000 yuan, and Zhang San said that I also recorded in my computer that you owe me 1 million yuan. What to do?

This used to be the solution: Find a notary, and both of your accounts will be recorded with the notary. If there is a dispute, the notary's account book shall prevail. For example, this is what banks do. Both of your money is deposited with him, and there are records of transfers and borrowings.

The blockchain solves this problem: when you are keeping accounts in your own computer, Zhang San will also keep the same data in his own computer. After recording, you two will check each other and both agree. Okay, this account is officially recorded. There is no need for third parties or so-called "authoritative agencies" or "certification agencies" to participate in the process.

The way everyone keeps accounts together is also called "distributed" or "decentralized" becauseEveryone keeps accounts, and the accuracy of the accounts is determined by a program algorithm, not an authoritative organization.

This is the blockchain. The core is finished. The blockchain is as simple as a common ledger.

What is blockchain?

First of all, let’s clarify the concept. Blockchain is a computer technology that integrates multiple disciplines. Like the Internet, it is an electronic platform for processing information data.

Blockchain is not equal to digital currency. Digital currency only applies blockchain technology to increase its uniqueness and security, making it difficult to counterfeit. These digital currencies are actually strings of digital information codes.

Then answer two sub-questions:

(1) How to use blockchain technology

To figure out how to use blockchain, we must First figure out how it works and what its advantages and disadvantages are.

Simply put, on the blockchain platform, the data will be processed and packaged into a fixed size, and then encrypted to generate unique verification information, and the verification information will be used to complete the concatenation of the data. The middle information block will contain the verification information of the previous block and generate new unique information for use by subsequent blocks. Because the generated verification information is unique, changing any of its contents will produce another different verification information. Therefore, blockchain uses this to ensure data security.

On this basis, the blockchain uses distributed storage to store copies of data in the hands of everyone participating in the blockchain. Only the consistent data information is recognized. information. If there are different copies that are different from the majority, then its data is tampered with, that is, forged.

Blockchain also has other features, such as instant broadcast, status synchronization, smart contracts, automatic operation, and public sharing.

When we use blockchain technology, we must think about what actual problems this technology can solve and whether there are any other alternative solutions to these problems. If the cost of using blockchain technology is lower, then it can be adopted.

For example, if a company's financial information is saved using blockchain technology, each financial transaction will be securely encrypted and distributed to multiple computers in the company to save copies. Then these stored data are secure enough, and no one can unilaterally tamper with the accounts. If someone's copy of the account is different from other people's, then it is tampered with.

Such an application can save a lot of financial data review costs and create benefits for enterprises.

(2) When will blockchain mature?

Blockchain will mature tomorrow.

Haha, of course this is impossible. When do we talk about technology?When it matures, you need to consider where the technology will be used, whether it is for commercial or civilian use, or for simple data applications. To what extent do you want to use technology?

For example, when will Internet technology mature? Can you call me mature now? What are the criteria for maturity? For civilian use, Internet technology is relatively mature because it can already meet people's daily information processing needs. But for commercial use, Internet technology is not mature enough because it still has some technical bottlenecks. This is why Alibaba produces some transaction volume data every year during the e-commerce festival. You know, in such a short period of one or two hours, hundreds of millions of information flows in. How to deal with it? Whose priority? What to do if data is interrupted? These are all questions that are emerging gradually.

Back to the blockchain, blockchain technology is still in the state of a primitive model and is still in a very preliminary stage. No one has imagined what specific changes it will ultimately bring to society. Everything is castle in the air. Even the current social foundation of blockchain is still very weak. How can we infer its maturity time on such a basis?

If I had to name a time, I would say tomorrow. Why tomorrow? Because technology is developing, tomorrow's progress will definitely be more complete than today's.

Thanks for reading.

❸ What technology is blockchain and what impact does it have on our lives and society?

What is blockchain technology?

Before discussing how to apply blockchain in daily life, let us first talk about what blockchain is and how does it work?

Blockchain is an open distributed database, essentially a computer file used to store information (data).

Blockchain gets its name from its structural features: files are made up of blocks of data, each block is linked to the previous block, forming a chain, and each block contains data such as transaction records and A record of when the block was edited or created, the information (data) is timestamped, which is where the blockchain comes from.

Crucially, unlike centralized databases owned by companies or government agencies, blockchain is not controlled by any one person or entity and the data is fully replicated (distributed) across multiple computers .

Because it is a decentralized way of storing and accessing data, this makes it incredibly secure. Because unlike centralized databases, attackers do not have a single entry point, data security is more guaranteed.

In addition to the two major features of decentralization and security, the features that make blockchain a leading technology that distinguishes it from other technologies are:

Immutability: Once on the blockchain, no information can be changed, not even administrators can modify this information. It gives blockchain the advantage of being easily auditable.

AccessibleQ: Information can be easily accessed by all nodes in the network.

No third parties: Blockchain facilitates peer-to-peer transactions, so whether you are trading or exchanging funds, there is no need for approval from a third party. Blockchain itself is a platform.

The impact of blockchain technology?

1. The open and non-tamperable attributes of blockchain technology provide the possibility for a decentralized trust mechanism and have the potential to change the financial infrastructure. Various financial assets, such as equity, bonds, Bills, warehouse receipts, fund shares, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain ledger and become digital assets on the chain, which can be stored, transferred, and traded on the blockchain. It has broad application prospects in the financial field. For example, it has typical applications in cross-border payments, insurance claims, securities transactions, bills, etc.

2. The current IoT ecosystem relies on a centralized network management architecture, and all devices are connected through cloud servers. As the scale of the network expands, the infrastructure and maintenance costs of centralized cloud servers, large servers and network equipment will incur high costs.

In the decentralized Internet of Things, blockchain is a framework that promotes transaction processing and collaboration between interacting devices. Each device on the network can serve as an independent, micro-business entity. run.

3. Public services are factors that promote economic growth and social progress. The supply of public services will have an important impact on various subjects and systems, culture, attitudes, behaviors, etc. in the process of political, economic, and social development. Influence. Traditional notarization relies on the government, but limited data dimensions and unestablished historical data information links often prevent governments and schools from obtaining complete and effective information. Blockchain can be used to create digital proofs that cannot be tampered with. New certification mechanisms can be established in the fields of digital copyright, intellectual property, certificates and public welfare to improve the management level of public services.

❹ Let’s briefly talk about what “blockchain” technology is

Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger system participated by nodes, which stores The data cannot be forged or tampered with, and is open and transparent. The information and value recorded by each account at any point in history can be found on the blockchain. The characteristics of the blockchain protocol provide the necessary foundation for the operation of smart contracts. The contracts can be automatically executed and trusted according to established conditions without the need for review by any centralized organization.
Blockchain is composed of a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each block contains the hash value of the previous block, starting from the genesis block and linking to the current block to form a block. chain. Each block is guaranteed to be generated after the previous block in chronological order, otherwise the hash value of the previous block is unknown. The generation of each block is supervised by the entire network. Each node has a complete copy of the data, forming a huge blockchain network between nodes.
Currently, blockchain technology can be usedTo many industries, such as:
Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership, issue numberable, limited edition works, and can target digital forms of any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
Insurance Industry
Tongxin Huzhu is the first project launched by the blockchain startup Abbots Financial Technology Company. As the first real blockchain application in China, Tongxin Huzhu combines open source code and The combination of practical applications achieves a deep match between blockchain technology and network mutual assistance. Legal Industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property.
Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. They can "tokenize" various assets and have a profound impact on many people.

Real estate industry
They plan to modernize the entire industry chain process and solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.

❺ What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? A chain data structure composed of sequential connections, and a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

[Infrastructure]

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer composition. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps and the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Extended information:

[Blockchain core technology]

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it addresses this issue Four technological innovations:

1. Distributed ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they all Can participate in supervising the legality of transactions and can also jointly testify for them.

The uniqueness of blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally stores The data is divided into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node.

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insuranceThe company improves its risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

Blockchain-Network

❻ Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept

Block The concept of blockchain technology. Nowadays, blockchain has become an area of concern to most people. Many companies have already studied the technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology. related information.

Blockchain technology concept 1

Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain

1. Basic concepts

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

2. Working principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

BlockThe chain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

1. Distributed ledger, which means that transaction accounting is jointly performed by multiple nodes distributed in different places. Completed, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.

Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

3. Others

What is exchanged on the Internet isInformation and blockchain exchange value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they must be combined. For a long time, they must be combined. In the era of long-term separation, all network information is scattered on the Internet. It is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. , the only thing it does is recombine all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of integration and division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.

What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.

At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think there may still be disruptions in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects. , especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.

The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on untrustworthy networks.

One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.

Now the blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum encryption and other encryption appear in this process, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. This phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.

The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.

4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

Decentralization, efficiency, and security, it is impossible to achieve the ultimate in all three at the same time.

Blockchain technology concept 2

The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.

The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.

Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.

Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.

Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.

Blockchain Technology Concept 3

Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or it isThe database records all transaction history in the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and script programs on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.

Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.

Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.

Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is outside the scope of this article.)

Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where Ethereum can be traded. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.

Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.

DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)

Ethereum client, smart contract language

Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.

Clients available for running Ethereum nodes

Ethereum has client implementations in many different languages, i.e., multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network, including C++ , Go, Python, Java, Haskell and more. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.

At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.

About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.

Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.

Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.

Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.

Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.

There are several languages to choose from when writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.

solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.

web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.

❼ Characteristics of blockchain, looking forward to answers

Blockchain technology is very popular now, but many people don’t know much about blockchain. Today’s editor will talk about it Let’s talk about the characteristics of blockchain.

It mainly includes the following six characteristics:

Decentralization

Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralization The hardware and management organization of the system, any node has equal rights and obligations, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions of the entire system. Stopping work of any node will not affect the operation of the entire system.

Detrust

Transactions can be conducted between all nodes in the system without trust, because the operation of the database and the entire system is open and transparent, and nodes cannot deceive each other within the rules and time range of the system.

Openness

The system is open. In addition to encrypting the private information of the transaction parties, the blockchain data is open to everyone and anyone can Query blockchain data and develop related applications through public interfaces, so the information of the entire system is highly transparent.

Autonomy

The blockchain adopts consensus Standardization and negotiation enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustworthy environment, turning trust in people into trust in machines, and no human intervention will work.

Information cannot be tampered with

Once the information is verified and added to the block chain, it will be stored permanently. Unless the nodes in the system exceed 51%, modifications to the database by a single node will be invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the block chain are extremely high.< /p>

Anonymity

Since the replacement between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the block chain judge whether the activity is valid by itself), and the transaction objects do not need to pass Disclosure of identity to trust objects is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.

❽ Let’s talk about my personal views on the blockchain industry

Why various companies should join the blockchain industry< br />
The development of the blockchain industry

The blockchain 1.0 era is represented by Bitcoin. This period solved the problem of "decentralized" value transfer such as BTC LTC, etc.

The blockchain 2.0 era is represented by Ethereum. The smart contracts proposed by Ethereum during this period make the blockchain no longer just in the currency field, but can be applied to all walks of life. During this period, a large number of projects serving all walks of life emerged in an endless stream

The blockchain 3.0 era is represented by many public chains. During this period, the computing speed of public chains has increased significantly, far exceeding that of Ethereum. Therefore, DAPP exploded on a large scale.

To put it simply, if blockchain 2.0 is compared to 4G, then blockchain 3.0 is the 5G era.

What is the actual value of blockchain to traditional industries?

It can be interpreted from the following aspects:

(1) Blockchain Chain is a means of secure data processing.

Blockchain essentially has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts. Corresponding to data storage, data processing and updating, data security and data operations,

In order to get rid of various problems of current "centralized" servers, such as: hacker attacks, downtime, and selling user information blockchain Use these four core technologies for data processing so that the data becomes traceable and cannot be tampered with. All information will be recorded on the blockchain at the moment it is written, and subsequent transportation, sales, and supervision will also be completely recorded on the blockchain, and no one can change it without authorization. If a problem occurs in the future, the information at that time can be easily traced back to clarify accountability and compensation. This is why it is called a chain. Based on these characteristics, blockchain is used in areas where information fraud is serious, such as rights confirmation, medical care, and charity.

(2) Blockchain is a brainstorm.

Based on the "decentralized" nature of the blockchain, there is no authority in the blockchain industry, or in other words, every individual is the authority. Therefore, the consensusThe mechanism, that is, the "consensus mechanism", is based on the voting and trust of the nodes, so that all nodes in the entire system can store and update data freely and securely in the system. Different consensus mechanisms determine the different operating perspectives of the system

(3) The blockchain is a tokenization

Based on the tone of blockchain 1.0 and the idea of 2.0 , basically all blockchain operations require tokens, and the reward tokens used as bookkeeping become the result of the labor of the miners on the chain. The quality of the token affects the enthusiasm of miners to contribute. Tokens are very similar to stocks, so the quality of the token determines the quality of the company.

Enterprises on the chain

The blockchain is very different from the Internet. Its goal is not to make the company’s products easier to sell (because similar goals have made the Internet Achieved). Instead, some of the information carried by these products or services is placed on new infrastructure to generate new value. In consensus economics, this information is called an entropic asset. There are two reasons why it is called an entropy asset: first, it is scarce; second, it contributes to the formation of consensus.

Only information that is valuable for creating consensus enters the blockchain, which is a cost-effective thing. The most basic part is traceable product information, but traceable value is not necessary in every industry, and blockchain may not be able to solve the authenticity problem of the underlying assets well. Generally speaking, intangible assets are more suitable for being put on the chain, because the property rights system can be quickly improved by using the feature of “disclosure and confirmation of rights”.

However, one must be extremely cautious when putting physical goods on the chain. If IoT technology is used to achieve authenticity traceability, the legal currency price may be too high and the actual return is too low.

Enterprise on-chain is to carry out blockchain economic transformation of traditional enterprises, allowing them to operate on the chain and become a blockchain economic organization, which is enterprise on-chain. A standard blockchain economic organization is a distributed autonomous organization that replaces the traditional collaboration model by issuing certificates and building consensus, thereby improving productivity and allowing various stakeholders involved in creating wealth to have the long-term interests of the organization. Co-governance and shared power, the greatest value of enterprises on the chain is to provide new economic development momentum, reduce the production cost of enterprises, and increase the value of enterprise assets. Consumers can purchase tokens to share the development and benefits of enterprises; upstream and downstream companies can also purchase tokens to directly deduct payment for goods or other transactions; after the integration of the industry chain, everyone will jointly supervise the development of enterprises in the industry and maintain the tokens. The stability of the certificate. Today, many companies are beginning to set their sights on enterprise blockchain.

Difficulties in companies getting on the blockchain

1. First time involved in the blockchain industry and lack of information

2. Lack of successful candidates under the new token economic model Enterprise operating model

3. New technologies lack corresponding talents

4. The initial investment cost is huge

Faced with such problems, many companies are deterred. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the company's on-chain, they can find blockchain industry service providers through BCSeeker. business. BCSeeker allows providers and customers to find trading partners, seek services, and negotiate business on this platform in a free and open manner. It can be said that it has established a free matching market on the Internet without geographical and time barriers, and the whole process is convenient for both parties. Totally free.

BCSeeker has specially opened up a path for on-chain enterprises. What are you waiting for?

❾ What is blockchain technology and what areas it may be used for in the future

The development of technology is often beyond your imagination, from the agricultural revolution to the industrial revolution to the information revolution, as of The blockchain revolution has now begun. Reaching the height of the cognitive revolution should be considered a relatively big proposition. Why did the previous emergence of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. not mention the cognitive revolution, but blockchain can?

How to quickly enter the blockchain industry?

1. Find the top experts in this industry and learn or communicate with them, such as Li Xiaolai, such as Uncle Cai

2. You can buy some books. News books are not as mixed as Taobao. There are only a few classics, choose a few and read them through

3. You can search for more related articles, public accounts, Zhihu or other, which are very informative. You can find yourself after reading 30 high-quality articles. Article, you are basically getting started.

WeChat public account: Workplace Cheese Pie, tell you about things in the workplace

❿ Let’s briefly talk about what “blockchain” technology is

Blockchain is a permanent and irreversibly modified record generated by superimposing encrypted data (blocks) in chronological order (chain).
Blockchain is a technology that can completely change the underlying design of the financial system. Because it can achieve undifferentiated records of the ownership and transaction records of all assets in the market by all market participants, it can completely eliminate clearing and custody. These are the intermediate links that confirm ownership before, during and after the transaction; in addition, the blockchain, as an electronic information record, can be combined with computer algorithms to realize the automation of transactions, that is, smart contracts. Blockchain has many derivative applications combined with other financial technologies, each of which can replace a type of market intermediary. Blockchain is to financial services what TCP/IP is to the Internet: once the underlying standards are recognized and popularized, specific applications like Bitcoin and R3 will appear in every corner of financial services.