区块链阅读理解答案,区块链材料阅读答案

随着互联网的发展，现今的社会正处于数字化时代。为了满足现代社会中对安全、可信赖的数据管理的需求，区块链技术应运而生。区块链是一种分布式数据库技术，它利用分布式节点网络，将数据存储在每个节点上，当有新的数据要添加时，将会被验证和确认，然后被添加到区块链上。

区块链的最大特点就是去中心化，它可以让用户在不需要第三方机构的情况下安全地进行数据交换。它不仅可以让用户安全地存储和交换信息，而且可以在去中心化的网络中创建分布式应用。

此外，区块链技术还具有安全性和可信性。因为它的分布式节点网络，所有的数据都是由每个节点来确认和验证的，所以它是非常安全的。另外，它的可信性也很强，因为它的数据是不可篡改的，所以它可以作为可信的数据来源。

因此，区块链技术不仅可以提高现代社会的数据安全性，而且可以提高数据可信性，使得现代社会更加安全。

本文介绍了区块链技术的优势以及如何提高现代社会的数据安全性和可信性。

区块链技术的发展正在改变着现代社会，它不仅可以提高数据安全性，而且可以提高数据的可信性。它的去中心化特性使得它可以在不需要第三方机构的情况下安全地进行数据交换，这样就可以更好地保护用户的数据安全。

另外，区块链技术还可以创建分布式应用，这种应用可以更好地支持用户之间的交易，并且可以更加安全和可信。因此，区块链技术可以帮助我们更好地管理数据，提高现代社会的数据安全性和可信性。

总之，区块链技术是一种重要的技术，它可以提高现代社会的数据安全性和可信性，从而改善我们的生活。
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Ⅰ Give an example of what is blockchain

Question 1: What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. On a cloud system, the self-certification of data during data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", which is a new form of distributed artificial intelligence and will establish a new interface and shared interface between human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 2: What is the transaction process of the blockchain? Best to give an example 20 points 1. Definition
Blockchain is like an open network ledger. It originated from Bitcoin and is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In a Bitcoin transaction, all the information recorded in the transaction is packaged into a "Block" for storage. With the expansion of information exchange, blocks are linked to each other, forming a blockchain.
2. Characteristics
Digital currency represented by Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Among them, each transaction will be broadcast to all participants in the network, and will be recorded in the ledger after multiple confirmations. This ledger is the "blockchain". every parameterEveryone will have their own ledger. In this way, when false information occurs, it can be broken through mutual verification, thereby ensuring network security.
In the blockchain, every node is equal, and there is no centralized management organization. This "decentralization" feature makes the blockchain unnecessary to rely on third parties, and its operation does not require any human effort. intervention, capable of independent self-validation. In addition, the blockchain network is open to the world, and anyone can query data through the public port, so the entire system is highly transparent.
3. Application
In short, the blockchain is a trusted database and a reliable "ledger". In the future, it will be used in cross-border payments, securities, loans, voting, etc. For example, in cross-border payments, with the security provided by blockchain, money can be sent to the world anytime and anywhere, thus eliminating many intermediate links and high handling fees.

Question 3: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading, election voting, etc. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended.Any non-professional invests in blockchain projects. If you are very interested in blockchain technology and have a technical or financial background, it is recommended that you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains. wait. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology at the bottom of Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer value delivery. We should distinguish between Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain. Blockchain technology and other concepts. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It is attracting more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 4: What is blockchaintechnology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? People in each industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and a blockchain whirlwind has taken off in the financial circle. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording, and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why has blockchain become a rapidly heating up hot technology and topic?
The most important of these may be that the launch of Bitcoin based on blockchain technology has opened up a new relationship with traditional society ( The exploration and attempt of brand-new technologies and rule systems such as Internet user identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization and verification, which have little connection with offline) and are fully applied in the online world (online), provide people with the opportunity to adapt to the Internet society. Development provides alternative paths and unlimited imagination.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. Bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (added block and transaction time identification, etc. Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including block chain, full encryption, mutual authentication, etc., including factor) registration and verification. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, andThe efficiency and cost of its fund clearing also have obvious advantages. This has made people's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continue to increase, and people have become more and more aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, the blockchain Chain is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application is by no means limited to Bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; it can be a public chain model or a private chain model. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, it is increasingly It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, for the identity verification of the parties, the natural choice is to use the information on the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and other biometrics to conduct online transactions. Verification, but this method first makes the citizen identity information in the cross-border interconnected online world subject to the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 5: The so-called "district" What is "Blockchain"? Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a person, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is related to people, whoever There are various possibilities related to media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can you explain it in plain language? 10 points The principle of blockchain: decentralized distributed accounting system
The core of blockchain technology is that all currently participating nodes jointly maintain transactions and databases. It makes transactions based on cryptographic principles rather than trust, so that any two parties who reach an agreement can directly conduct payment transactions without the need for a third party. Participation of three parties.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the past The order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction.
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain (BlockChain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
?
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. Behind all systems there is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to meet the information needs of market participants, so intermediaries and centers were born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did not solve the problem of information credibility. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. To realize value exchange, people still need third-party intermediaries based on credit (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let...>>

Question 7: Explain clearly what is blockchain in an easy-to-understand manner. The English name for blockchain is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of Bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
CoinYing China is working hard on asset digitization and launched the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 8: What is blockchain? Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
In May 2016, the Currency Blockchain Research Center published the first book in China that introduces blockchain in simple terms, "Blockchain: Defining a New Pattern of Future Finance and Economics." It introduces the impact of blockchain technology on future finance and economy

Question 9: What is blockchain? For the time being, this is a relatively high-end technology. It connects all nodes (which can be understood as servers) through p2p network technology. Complete data (blocks) are stored on each node. The addition and withdrawal of any node will not affect the normal operation of the chain. Data is embodied in the form of data blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and can be understood as a one-way linked list. The hash value of the nth block is generated based on the hash of the n-1th block, the transaction recorded in the current block, and the random number as parameters. In this way, if you want to modify the data of the historical block, you have to modify all the blocks from the modified block to the final block. The difficulty can be imagined.
The blockchain also introduces a consensus mechanism and an incentive mechanism. There is no way to describe it too comprehensively here. I hope everyone can discuss and learn together

Question 10: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain (Blockchain) refers to the method of decentralization and trustlessness. A technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.

II [Blockchain] What is Blockchain (2)

Since the current blockchainThe chain field is filled with a large number of funds and air coins. Moreover, when talking about blockchain, it inevitably involves topics such as finance, investment or speculation. Investment is risky and decisions need to be made with caution. Friends, please keep your eyes open and proceed at your own risk.

In this famous paper, Satoshi Nakamoto succinctly discussed how to implement a complete peer-to-peer electronic currency system that does not require a financial institution.

However, he did not explain clearly why he needed to do this. But when I think of the famous quote that he forever minted in the first Bitcoin block: "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks. The Chancellor is on the brink of second lout for banks." We can't help but follow the clues and ponder:

In fact, the history of modern human financial institutions, or in other words - banks, is not very long. The word Bank in English originated from the Italian BanCa, which originally meant a bench used for transactions. The prototype of modern banking originated in Venice, Italy in the 13th century. Of course, in almost the same era, in the far East, in the Song Dynasty of China, banks and banks with usury and interest-free deposit businesses also appeared.

Originally, it was an almost natural process for gold and silver to become the world's recognized currency. I still remember Marx once said:

However, since the emergence of banks, bankers were delighted to find that the banknote they wrote was almost equivalent to gold and silver, and also played the role of currency. effect. Therefore, relying on people's trust in banks as financial institutions, bankers can conjure money out of thin air. As long as everyone does not come to exchange the silver notes into silver at the same time, the bank that has deposited 100,000 taels of silver can issue 110,000 taels of silver notes, 100,000 to the depositor, and 10,000 to spend by yourself! even more! ! !

We can abstract the development process of this story:

Although, later the coinage power was taken back from private banks to the central banks of various governments. But what do central banks do? Not to mention the stupid behavior of the stupid Kuomintang government that crazily issued legal currency and destroyed the economy (100 legal currency could buy two cows in 1937, one fish in 1945, and two grains of rice in 1948. Of course, it was completely abolished in 1949. ), let’s take a look at what the United States, which is the leader in the world economy, does today:

So, in 1933, one ounce of gold was worth $20; in 1944, one ounce of gold was anchored at $35, until August 15, 1971; in 1973, one ounce of gold exceeded $100; in 1975, one ounce of gold was about $150; in 2021, one ounce of gold has exceeded $1,800! from 1933From 1944 to 1944, the American people were forced to pay nearly double the price in 10 years, which finally made the US dollar the world currency; and then from 1971 to today, 50 times, 50 times!

Now everyone knows where Wang Er Mazi’s rice and vegetables come from. But, so what? After all, the world cannot do without financial institutions, and it also cannot do without the largest and most awesome company. It is not too outrageous to make do with Wang Ermazi to take care of it. How about letting him eat the rice and vegetables?

But cryptographer and programmer Mr. Satoshi Nakamoto obviously has different opinions. When he registered on the P2P Foundation website where he published the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", the birthday he filled in was April 5, 1975. Now many people They all speculated that writing about this date must have some ulterior meaning!

So, in short, we need to remember that Satoshi Nakamoto’s purpose of inventing Bitcoin was to realize a complete peer-to-peer electronic currency system that does not require a financial institution.

And this is the driving force behind the birth of the entire blockchain world that is now turbulent.

No one of us can accurately explore what Mr. Satoshi Nakamoto was thinking at that time. But the "sociological financial experiment" started by him is still in full swing after more than 10 years...

Ⅲ [Thinking Zone from Zero] Blockchain] (10) Everyone is the ecology, and the ecology is everyone

2018 is destined to be an extraordinary year for blockchain content entrepreneurship, especially in the past two months, various content platforms have gathered together It appears that in addition to Bihu, which has been in public testing, there are also PRI, ONO, QUNQUN, Zhibi, etc. that are currently in internal testing.

In Dayu WeChat, one platform has several partners joining the group, and they are all frantically recruiting new promotion platforms.

What is the magic power of blockchain that makes everyone so enthusiastic and popular?

Knifefish thought of a word, ecology.

1 Multiple identities, one person, one ecosystem

In any economy in the past, we generally had only one identity, the boss was the boss, the employees were employees, and the investors were investors. , the boundaries between the parties are clear and distinct.

But in the world of blockchain, identity characteristics and boundary consciousness are blurred and homogenized. We generally play multiple roles, unified into one, living in peace and harmony.

Taking Bihu as an example, Swordfish not only contributes content, but also is a biotech company.He is a producer, browses and likes other articles, and is a consumer. At the same time, Daoyu invests his time and energy in his works on Bihu, and is an investor and platform maintainer for the Bihu ecosystem.

Therefore, from the perspective of the role and identity of the swordfish itself, the swordfish has the roles of producer, consumer, investor, etc., all of which are carried by the swordfish in a unified manner, co-prosperity and symbiosis, and become a self-contained entity.

A saury is actually an ecosystem. It is not like in the previous production relations, where the saury is just a fixed role and a link.

2 Convergence of interests, shared ecology for everyone

In the past various production relations, the interests of all parties were inconsistent. The interests between bosses and employees are inconsistent, the interests between the company and customers are inconsistent, the interests between the board of directors and management are inconsistent, and even the interests between employees are inconsistent, and so on.

Among these production relations, the most difficult thing to coordinate is the issue of interests.

People are all seeking profit. Since their interests are inconsistent with each other, it is naturally difficult to coexist.

Inconsistency of interests is the root of many problems in the company. Therefore, the resulting internal and external conflicts have caused a huge consumption of resources, and many companies have been destroyed due to this.

In such a production relationship, an organization (company) is like a fragile fishing net. Each party pulls one end and pulls it toward itself. As long as one party is too strong, it will inevitably cause an imbalance and the fishing net will break.

But in the blockchain ecosystem, no matter which party you are on, or whether you are on multiple parties, everyone’s interests are naturally the same. Everyone will be prosperous and everyone will suffer. Everyone’s energy is positive, and their hearts are They all want to make this ecosystem bigger and stronger.

For example, Bihu, in this ecosystem, whether it is the platform, content generators, or consumers, everyone wants to increase the value of the KEY in their hands, and they all want to contribute more to the Bihu ecosystem. Make some contribution.

This is not to say that everyone becomes noble as soon as they join the blockchain, but that everyone’s interests have converged and they all want to make money by expanding the ecosystem.

3 Complete closed loop, self-operating ecology

Self-motivating. There is no need for other external stimulus intervention. Incentives can be completed within the ecosystem. You work, OK, and the system will send you rewards (tokens). Everything is executed automatically. Tokens are generated by the system and require no additional payment.

Self-organizing. The blockchain efficiently organizes all participants in the ecosystem through smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, TOKEN, etc., forming a self-contained system without external force or external demands. All parties within the organization perform their respective duties and work together to build and maintain the ecosystem.

Self-running. All operations are completed within the system, and the maintainers of the ecosystem, whether miners, nodes, etc., do it on their own and voluntarily. No one forces it, and there is no need for external intervention.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, it has been operating safely for 9 years, and its lifespan has exceeded that of many enterprises. The most awesome thing is that Bitcoin has not established any special maintenance organization, has not hired a single employee, and has not paid 1 cent of operating expenses. This is an awesome scene that has never appeared in human history. Bitcoin’s current market value is 1,000 More than 100 million US dollars, exceeding the market value of most listed companies.

Therefore, in the blockchain ecosystem, all incentives, organizations, and operations do not require external force and can be completed within the system.

This is completely different from the previous production relations. The previous incentives, organization and operation had to rely on external forces, such as manpower, power, money, punishment, etc. outside the system.

4 Consensus co-construction, everyone is the ecosystem

Consensus is the core competitiveness of the blockchain and one of the greatest values. It is precisely because of the consensus that we come together, gather in a project, gather in the blockchain system, and form an ecosystem together.

In this system, everyone is the ecology, the ecology is everyone, and every participant is a part of the ecological co-construction. In this ecosystem, it is truly everyone for one and one for everyone.

Unlike previous production relations, everyone is in a tense superior-subordinate relationship and a competitive relationship. Everyone is in danger and wants to maximize their own interests. It is usually a zero-sum game.

In the everyone-to-people ecosystem of the blockchain, it is not that human nature has changed and everyone is no longer selfish, but that the environment has changed, the system has changed, and the ecology has changed. Individuals naturally change with the general environment and ecology.

Everyone still pursues maximization of interests, but this is based on the maximization of ecological interests and the interests of everyone's mutual prosperity.

In the governance system, the blockchain increases the cost of people doing evil, reduces the possibility of people doing evil, and at the same time increases the interests of people doing good. This decrease and increase complete the ecological innovation. , fundamentally changed the previous model of production relations.

In this way, everyone is in the game, coexisting and prospering with each other, forming a complete and upward ecology.

In such an ecosystem, no one will come out to cause trouble or cause trouble for you.

IV "How will blockchain redefine the world and what blockchain can be used for" pdf download to read the full text online, please ask for Baidu Netdisk cloud resources

"Blockchain will How to Redefine the World" (Tang Wenjian) e-book network disk download for free online reading

Link:

Extraction code: x9vw

Book title: How blockchain will redefine the world

Author: Tang Wenjian

Douban score: 5.7

Publisher: Machinery Industry Press

Publication year: 2016-6

Number of pages: 252

Content introduction:

This book As the first original blockchain enlightenment book published in China, it draws on the best of others and brings together the authoritative views of many experts and scholars on blockchain. Combined with a large number of examples, it introduces the origin and development of blockchain to readers in an easy-to-understand manner. Development, the economic ideas behind blockchain, the technical principles and characteristics of blockchain, the application prospects of blockchain, and the prospects and imagination of blockchain will lead everyone to understand and understand the world of blockchain.

About the author:

Tang Wenjian holds a bachelor's degree in engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and a master's degree in finance from Central University of Finance and Economics. Mr. Tang is keen on the research and exploration of new technology economy. He is one of the pioneers in blockchain research and application practice in China. He has more than 15 years of experience in financial technology professional consulting services and has long provided services to large domestic and foreign financial institutions.

Lv Wen holds a PhD in Economics from Xiamen University, a visiting scholar at the University of Michigan, and a senior researcher in the field of blockchain. Currently working at Nanhu Internet Finance College. Mainly engaged in financial product research and development and design, Internet financial research and investment.

Lin Songxiang holds a master’s degree from Renmin University of China and is a senior manager at Ernst & Young. Mr. Lin has long provided financial technology audit and consulting services to enterprises, and is committed to the tracking, promotion and application of new technologies such as cloud computing, mobile Internet, and blockchain.

Huang Hao has a master's degree from Beijing Technology and Business University. He has worked for PricewaterhouseCoopers and Ernst & Young. He has many years of rich experience in auditing, internal control and management consulting in the financial industry. He has a deep understanding of the Internet of traditional financial institutions. has conducted in-depth research.

IV What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Its essence The above is a disintermediation database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify its Validity of information (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of the next block.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. safety,A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

(5) Natural extended reading of blockchain Chinese reading:

The evolution method of blockchain is:

▪ District Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency;

▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts;

▪ Blockchain 3.0 - the implementation of distributed applications in various industries.

Blockchain characteristics:

1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system. The rights and obligations of any node are equal. The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system.

2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the encryption of private information of all parties to the transaction, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface, so the entire system information is highly transparent. .

3. Autonomy. The blockchain adopts consensus-based norms and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, changing trust in "people" to trust in "people". Machine trust, any human intervention has no effect.

4. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data in the blockchain is stable. Extremely high performance and reliability.

5.Anonymity. Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to disclose its identity to make the other party trust itself. Very helpful for credit accumulation.

VI "Blockchain 2.0" pdf download and online reading, please ask for Baidu network disk cloud resources

"Blockchain 2.0" (Tan Lei) e-book network disk download for free online reading

Link: https://pan..com/s/1jYr-Rq7e_Snk57EfUkMl4w Extraction code: 1234

Book title: Blockchain 2.0

Author: Tan Lei

Douban score: 5.6

Publisher: Electronic Industry Press

Publication year: 2016-4

Number of pages: 240

Introduction:

Blockchain is a distributed technology born out of the Bitcoin protocol. It is also a perfect credit system. The principles and characteristics of blockchain determine that it has the mission to reconstruct the future shape of various industries including finance.What's more, some hope that it will create a more ideal world. In view of the fact that many people's understanding of blockchain is still in the "coin era", "Blockchain 2.0" aims to truly present the cause and essence of blockchain by launching the new concept of blockchain 2.0, and explain blockchain in a popular way. The principles and mysteries of blockchain technology, and a complete description of the applications and trends of blockchain. "Blockchain 2.0" contains both real cases, rigorous deductions, and original designs. It is an excellent resource with great novelty and practical value for relevant decision-makers, practitioners, academic researchers, and the general public. material.

About the author:

Tan Lei is a senior expert in the fields of global Internet technology, data operations, and data analysis and mining. Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from Fudan University, Master of Computer Science from Duke University, USA. CIO of China Industrial Design Association, once served at Microsoft headquarters in the United States for 13 years. He has extensive experience in data analysis, data mining, cloud computing, product development and management, Internet advertising, etc. The author and translator of seven professional books including "New Internet: Big Data Mining" and "Data Nuggets: E-commerce Data Operations".

Chen Gang, whose English name is Jerry, nickname: Financial Uncle. Senior financial media person, founder and managing director of Gaoronghui Capital, and consultant to many start-up companies. He once worked for China Business Network, Oriental Fortune Network and CICC Online.

Ⅶ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology and has no No, it’s a bit of a myth about blockchain technology!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, those who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system.In the end, all nodes in the world will be synchronized one after another according to a certain mechanism, so that the data of all nodes in the blockchain network is completely consistent.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the implementation of the nationalThe pace of national legal digital currency research and development.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, digital signatures and on-chain certificates through blockchain technologyIt can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain control of pricing power, preserve data in real time to form an evidence chain, and cover the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao’s new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain, from usersStarting from the real-name authentication, the electronic data generated in the process are solidified in real time, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, the online works are stamped with a legally valid timestamp to prove that the electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. . Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.

Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing

Facilitate transaction data Share

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain canVery good at alleviating the above problems.

The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

Blockchain-based transaction witness

"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main basis for the bidder's choice. If it passes the blockThe chain aggregates and shares bidder performance records, analyzes the performance risks of different bidders, and provides different guarantee rates for different bidders, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid bonds to a certain extent. It can also encourage bidders to keep their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market.

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "pass" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, therebyLet core enterprise credit be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What are the economic applications of blockchain?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed on the Internet and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete..

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . from digital currencyIt can be widely used in securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

VIII What applications can blockchain technology have in the field of higher education and natural science research?

What applications can blockchain technology have in the field of higher education and natural science research? What are the applications?

Blockchain applications have a large number of application software, and the same is true for the education and training industry. Over the past few years, blockchain companies and enthusiasts have been researching and improving solutions for the higher vocational education industry. Here are some of the ways that blockchain technology can bring global innovation to the education sector around the world. One of the biggest applications of record storage blockchain technology in the education industry is the intelligentization of educational certificates, including bachelor's degrees, qualification certificates, academic qualifications, etc. This type of record storage can significantly increase the security of credentials, ensuring that no intermediaries are needed to verify these credentials. In addition, blockchain applications can be used for verification of training institutions.

A new operating model is not only concerned with improving the efficiency of record storage, reliability and test cases. There is also some potential for blockchain applications to be used as education bureaus. One of the pioneering uses of blockchain technology is to build a new business model. Following this strategy, Woolf University aims to become the first boundaryless university powered by blockchain technology. The university was founded by a group of experts and scholars from the University of Cambridge and Cambridge University. The non-profit organization will be based on blockchain and smart contacts. This will become the prerequisite for the relationship between teachers and students.

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Introduction: Blockchain technology is a major innovative technology in the 21st century. It is a distributed ledger of digital assets and is a The cornerstone of the Internet of Value is the new engine driving the development of the sharing economy. "Blockchain: The Cornerstone of the Internet of Value" reviews its development history, scans its development status, and provides insights into its development trends, showing readers a panoramic view of blockchain technology.