区块链的种类有哪几种类型,区块链的种类有哪几种

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，区块链也被越来越多的企业和机构所采用，以其安全、可信、可追溯的特性，以及强大的去中心化机制，得到了广泛的应用。那么，区块链到底有哪几种类型呢？

首先，根据区块链的构建方式，可以将区块链分为公有链和私有链两种类型。公有链又可以分为共识机制类型和拜占庭容错类型，例如比特币和以太坊属于共识机制类型，而Hyperledger属于拜占庭容错类型。

其次，根据区块链的运行模式，可以将区块链分为公有链和联盟链两种类型。公有链是由整个社会的参与者共同参与和维护的，例如比特币和以太坊；而联盟链是由特定参与者组成的，只能由特定参与者参与和维护，例如Hyperledger和R3 Corda。

此外，根据区块链的访问方式，可以将区块链分为开放式区块链和封闭式区块链两种类型。开放式区块链是指参与者可以自由访问，参与者可以自由查看和参与网络的运行，例如比特币和以太坊；而封闭式区块链是指参与者只能通过特定的方式访问，参与者只能查看和参与特定的网络，例如Hyperledger和R3 Corda。

最后，根据区块链的安全性，可以将区块链分为开放式区块链和封闭式区块链两种类型。开放式区块链是指所有参与者都可以访问网络，但是参与者不能修改网络中的数据，例如比特币和以太坊；而封闭式区块链是指参与者只能通过特定的方式访问，参与者可以修改网络中的数据，例如Hyperledger和R3 Corda。

总结起来，根据区块链的种类，目前可以将区块链分为公有链、私有链、联盟链、开放式区块链和封闭式区块链五种类型，每种类型都有其特定的应用场景和安全性。

A. What is the difference between blockchain and public chain, private chain and alliance chain?

Blockchain is strictly defined into three types: public chain and private chain chain, and alliance chain. The core difference between these three types of blockchains is the degree of openness of access rights, or the degree of decentralization. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of decentralization, trust and security, the lower the transaction efficiency.

In general, each type of blockchain has its own specific model and value. It cannot be said which one is better. As long as whoever solves the needs is valuable.

B. Chain classification of blockchain

Two days ago, a friend asked many questions about blockchain on WeChat. One of the questions It’s how to classify this chain of blockchain. Blockchain can currently be divided into four categories: public chain, private chain, alliance chain and side chain. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain outsourcing development company, welcomes discussions for cooperation. The following will help you understand the characteristics of these blockchain chains and how to apply them. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Public chain - everyone can participate

Public chain means that anyone can read it, anyone can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed A blockchain in which anyone can participate in the consensus process.

The public chain adopts the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), proof-of-stake mechanism (POS), and share authorization proof mechanism (DPOS), and combines economic rewards and encrypted digital verification. And establish a principle that the economic rewards that each person can obtain are proportional to the workload. These blockchains are often considered to be completely decentralized.

Features:

1. Open source, because the operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, this system is an open source system; 2. Protect users from the influence of developers, in the public domain Program developers in the chain have no right to interfere with users, so the blockchain can protect users who use the programs they develop; 3. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical capabilities can access it, that is, as long as there is a computer that can connect to the Internet Computers can meet the access conditions; 4. All data is public by default, although all associated participants hide their true identities. This phenomenon is very common. They generate their own security through their public nature, where every participant can see all account balances and all their transaction activity.

Case: There are many familiar figures in the public chain: BTC, ETH, EOS, AE, ADA, etc.

2. Private chain - rights are in the hands of a few people

A private chain refers to a blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read permissions are either open to the public or restricted to any extentplace restrictions. Relevant applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases it is desirable to have public auditability, in many cases public readability is not necessary.

Features:

1. Fast transaction speed. The transaction speed of a private chain can be faster than any other blockchain, or even close to not being a blockchain. the speed of a regular database. This is because even a small number of nodes have a high degree of trust, and each node does not need to verify a transaction. 2. Good privacy, giving better privacy protection The private chain makes the data privacy policy on that blockchain exactly the same as in another database; there is no need to deal with access permissions and use all the old methods, but at least it says , this data is not publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. 3. Low transaction costs. Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero. Transactions can be carried out completely free or at least very cheaply on the private chain. If one entity controlled and processed all transactions, they would no longer need to charge fees for their work.

Case: The Linux Foundation, the R3CEV Corda platform, and the Gem Health network’s Hyperledger project are either developing or using private chains.

3. Alliance chain - partial decentralization

The degree of openness and decentralization of the alliance chain is limited. The participants are screened out in advance or designated directly. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be limited to the participants of the system like the write permission.

Features:

1. Low transaction costs, transactions only need to be verified by a few trusted high-computing nodes without the need for confirmation by the entire network; 2. Nodes Easy to connect, if something goes wrong, the consortium chain can be quickly repaired through manual intervention, and allows the use of consensus algorithms to reduce block times, thereby completing transactions faster; 3. Flexible, if necessary, run a private blockchain community or Companies can easily modify the rules of this blockchain, revert transactions, modify balances, etc.

Case: Ripple has established an alliance chain for international remittances between Japan and South Korea and inter-bank remittances in Japan. At the same time, Xunlei Link, which has been popular for a while, is also a semi-open alliance chain.

4. Side chain - extended protocol

Strictly speaking, "side chain" is not a blockchain itself, but can be understood as an extension of the blockchain. Protocol. The early "side chain" was to solve the limitations of Bitcoin blockchain technology. Side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. Side chains Completely independent of the Bitcoin blockchain, but these twoEach ledger can "operate with each other" and realize interaction.

Features:

1. Independence. The advantage of the side chain architecture is that the code and data are independent, which does not increase the burden on the main chain and avoid excessive data expansion. The side chain has an independent blockchain, an independent trustee or witness, and an independent node network. That is to say, the blocks generated by a side chain will only be broadcast among all nodes where the side chain is installed. . 2. Flexibility. All blockchain parameters of the side chain can be customized, such as block intervals, block rewards, transaction fee destinations, etc. Advanced users can also modify the consensus algorithm.

Case: LSK, RDN, ARDR and other currencies use side chain technology.

For the entire digital currency field, this year may still be a competition for the underlying public chain projects. The reason is that the current public chain as the infrastructure of the blockchain still has obvious shortcomings and cannot be realized yet. Truly safe, reliable and efficient. This also obviously restricts the development of the entire blockchain industry.

C. What are the common basic types of blockchains

Common blockchain types include public chains, private chains, alliance chains, permissioned chains, hybrid chains, complex chains, etc. Some other opinions.

Public chain: The so-called public chain is a block in which anyone can read and send transactions, and the transactions can receive relevant and effective confirmation, and everyone can participate in the consensus process. Chain, the consensus process determines which blocks can be added to the blockchain, while clarifying the current status.

The public chain has the following characteristics:

1. It can protect users from the influence of developers. In the public chain, program developers have no right to interfere with users, and the blockchain can protect users.

2. The threshold for access is low. Anyone can access the public chain, and only a computer that can connect to the Internet is needed to meet the most basic access conditions.

3. All data is public by default. In the public chain, every participant can see all transaction records in the entire distributed ledger.

Other explanations: In the classification of blockchain, in addition to the ones mentioned above, there are also several other explanations: permissioned chain, hybrid chain and complex chain. .

Permissioned chain refers to a blockchain system in which each node requires special permission to join. Both private chains and consortium chains are permissioned chains. With the continuous popularization of blockchain technology, the technical architecture of blockchain is no longer simply divided into private chains and public chains, and the boundaries between the two are becoming increasingly blurred. Against this background, the concepts of complex chains and hybrid chains were born.

D. Classification of blockchains

Currently blockchains are divided into three categories, among which hybrid blockchains and private blockchains can be regarded as: generalized private chain, public area Blockchain public blockchain. means the world takes officeAny individual or group can send a transaction, the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Public blockchain is currently the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. Each virtual digital currency of the Bitcoin series is based on a public blockchain, and there is only one blockchain in the world corresponding to this currency.
Extended information
1. Industrial blockchain industry blockchains: multiple pre-selected nodes in the group are designated as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), others Access nodes can participate in transactions but do not interfere with the accounting process (essentially, it is managed bookkeeping, but it becomes distributed bookkeeping). How many pre-selected nodes and how to determine the bookkeeper for each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain ), anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API. Private Blockchain Private Blockchain ((privateblockchains)): Only the general ledger technology of the blockchain is used for accounting. It can be a blockchain with exclusive written permission from a company or individual. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (December 2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to try private blockchains, while the applications of public chains, such as Bitcoin, have been industrialized, and the application products of private chains are still being explored. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Essentially, it is a decentralized database.
2. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks associated with encryption methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. In fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English Bitcoin white paper, but appears in blockchain. In the earliest Bitcoin white paper, blockchain was translated as blockchain. This is the time when the Chinese word "blockchain" first appeared. The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which came into effect on February 15, 2019. In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order, and a tamper-proof and forgery-proof distributed ledger guaranteed by cryptography. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses blockchain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access, using smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data.

E. What are the types of blockchain?

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology, so what are the types of blockchain? Let’s take a look at what types of blockchains there are? Tools/Materials AreaBlockchain method/Step 1: Public chain, like a public ledger where everyone keeps accounts together.

2 The public chain is open to anyone, everyone can participate, the data is recorded jointly by everyone, and it is the most decentralized.

3 The second type: the private stool has a chain, which is a bit like a private ledger belonging to an individual or company.

4 The private chain is only open to individuals and enterprises, and its efficiency will be much higher than that of the public chain.

5 The third type: alliance chain, a bit like an alliance composed of multiple companies.

6 The public ledgers and data used within the alliance chain are jointly maintained by members within the alliance and are only open to members within the organization. Its degree of decentralization is moderate.

F. What are the different types of blockchains

The different types of blockchains are as follows

1. Divided by degree of openness: public chain, alliance chain , Private chain

2. Divide by application scope: basic chain, industry chain
There is a saying that currency is about consensus, and chain is about ecology.

3. Divide by original program: original chain, forked chain
This division may be more niche, and maybe there is such an understanding

Four , divided according to the degree of independence: main chain, side chain
There is another way to divide the blockchain according to whether the blockchain is independent enough.

5. Division by hierarchical relationship: parent chain, sub-chain
The last division method is also relatively niche, and let’s give a simple definition.

G. How to classify blockchain

What are the characteristics of public chain, private chain and alliance chain? Blockchains are divided into three categories based on access mechanisms: public chains, private chains and alliance chains. Other types of blockchains may be born in the future. The public chain is open and transparent. Any individual or group in the world can send transactions on the public chain, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain. Everyone can compete for accounting rights. The Bitcoin blockchain is a typical representative of the public chain. The alliance chain is semi-public. It is a blockchain used within a certain group or organization. Several nodes need to be pre-designated as bookkeepers. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected bookkeepers. Other nodes can trade, but do not have bookkeeping rights. Private chains are completely closed. Only blockchain technology is used for accounting. The accounting rights are not public, and only internal transactions are recorded, which is exclusive to the company or individual.

H. What are the classifications of blockchain and what is the structure of blockchain?

The concept of blockchain has been quite popular recently, and it comes from Bitcoin. Waiting for the implementation of cryptocurrency, but currently this technology has been gradually used in various fields. So do you know what the classifications of blockchain are? What is the structure of blockchain? DownCome and follow us to find out more.
What are the classifications of blockchain?
1. Public Blockchains (PublicBlockChains)
Public Blockchain means: any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain, and it is also the most widely used blockchain at present. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is one and only one corresponding to this currency in the world. Blockchain.
2. Consortium (Industry) Blockchain (ConsortiumBlockChains)
Industry Blockchain: Multiple preselected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly performed by all preselected nodes. Decision (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (essentially still managed accounting, just become distributed accounting, how many slag points are pre-selected, how to decide each The bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), and anyone else can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.
3. Private Blockchain (privateBlockChains)
Private Blockchain: Only uses the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and has exclusive access to the writing of the blockchain. With access permissions, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (Dec2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.
4. Sidechain (Sidechain)
Sidechain is a blockchain used to confirm data from other blockchains. Through the two-way peg (TwoWayPeg) mechanism, various assets such as Bitcoin and Ripple coins can be Transfers are realized on different blockchains at a certain exchange rate.
What is the structure of blockchain?
1. Basic network layer: The basic network layer consists of a data layer and a network layer. The data layer includes underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.
2. Intermediate protocol layer: The intermediate protocol layer consists of a consensus layer, an incentive layer, and a contract layer. The consensus layer mainly includes various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system. , mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain.
3. Extension layer: This layer is similar to a computer driver and is designed to make blockchain products more practical. There are currently two categories. One is various trading markets, which are important channels for exchanging legal currency for cryptocurrency. They are simple to implement, get money quickly, and have low costs, but the risks are also high. The second is to targetThe expansion implementation in a certain direction, such as based on Yishu side chain, can provide customized services for third-party publishing organizations, forum websites and other content producers.
4. Application service layer: As the most important link in the blockchain industry chain, the application service layer includes various application scenarios and cases of blockchain, including programmable currency, programmable finance and programmable society.
The above are the blockchain classifications brought to you by the editor? What is the structure of blockchain? of the entire content.