原始链是属于区块链吗为什么,原始链是属于区块链吗

原始链是属于区块链吗？这个问题引发了许多争论，但从技术上来讲，答案是肯定的。

首先，我们应该先了解什么是区块链。区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它使用密码学，激励机制和共识机制来确保数据的安全性，可靠性和不可篡改性。它的优势在于可以让参与者在不受中心控制的情况下安全地进行交易，从而推动数字资产的发展。

其次，我们来看看原始链是什么。原始链是一种新型的区块链技术，它是一种全新的、分布式的、去中心化的数据库技术，可以让参与者在不受中心控制的情况下安全地进行交易，从而推动数字资产的发展。

因此，我们可以得出结论：原始链是属于区块链的一种，它具有区块链共有的特性，可以支持参与者安全地进行交易，从而推动数字资产的发展。

此外，原始链还具有其他优点，例如，它可以支持大规模的交易，更快地完成交易，更低的交易成本，更高的安全性和可靠性，更高的可扩展性，以及更高的数据隐私性等等。

总之，原始链是属于区块链的一种，它具有区块链共有的特性，并且还具有其他优势，可以支持参与者安全地进行交易，从而推动数字资产的发展。

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① Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept

Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, blockchain has become most It is an area that people are paying attention to. Many companies have already studied this technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology concept 1

Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain

1. Basic concepts

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

2. Working principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:

1. Distributed ledger, that is, transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.

Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

3. Others

The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: when they are divided for a long time, they must be reunited. When they are separated for a long time, they must be reunited.All information is scattered on the Internet, and it is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. The only thing they do is to reorganize all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of integration and division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.

What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.

At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think there may still be disruptions in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects. , especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.

The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on untrustworthy networks.

One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.

Now the blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum encryption and other encryption appear in this process, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. This phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.

The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.

4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle

It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.

Blockchain Technology Concept 2

BlockchainIt is essentially a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to a centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.

Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.

Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.

Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.

Blockchain Technology Concept 3

Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerfulScript programs and programs can also be written on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.

Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.

Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.

Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is outside the scope of this article.)

Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where Ethereum can be traded. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.

Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.

DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)

Ethereum client, smart contract language

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Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.

Clients available for running Ethereum nodes

Ethereum has many clients in different languages.Client implementation is a variety of methods for interacting with the Ethereum network, including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.

At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.

About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.

Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.

Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.

Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.

Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. The programming language used to write smart contracts is SoJust lidity.

There are several languages ​​to choose from when writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.

solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.

web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.

② What is the concept of blockchain

Concept: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.

The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:

1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.

2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.

3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.

(2) Does the original chain belong to the blockchain? Extended reading:

Three characteristics of the three blockchains:

1. The core idea of ​​the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus ensuring the The recognized result is the result recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if you suffer severe blackIn the event of a guest attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by hackers does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.

2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. The Economist made a vivid metaphor for blockchain: simply put, it is “a machine that creates trust.” Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.

3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.

③ Components of Blockchain

The components of Blockchain are as follows:

Openness: Blockchain The system data is open and transparent, and everyone can participate. For example, when renting a house, you can know the previous rental information of the house and whether there have been any problems. Of course, some personal private information is encrypted.

Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms), and then each node operates according to this specification, so that everything is completed by machines , there is no human element. This changes trust in people to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.

The information cannot be tampered with: If the information is stored in the blockchain, it will be saved permanently and there is no way to change it. As for the 51% attack, it is basically impossible to achieve.

Anonymity: There is no personal information on the blockchain, because it is all encrypted and is a string of letters and numbers, so your various ID card information and phone number will not appear. Numbers are being resold.

④ What is the origin of blockchain

Blockchain originated from Bitcoin. On November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto published The article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" explains the architectural concept of an electronic cash system based on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc., which marks the birth of Bitcoin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

In recent years, the world’s attitude towards BitcoinThere have been ups and downs, but blockchain technology, one of the underlying technologies of Bitcoin, has received increasing attention. In the formation process of Bitcoin, blocks are storage units one by one, recording all communication information of each block node within a certain period of time.

The links between each block are realized through random hashing (also called hash algorithm). The latter block contains the hash value of the previous block. With the expansion of information exchange, a block Continuing with one block, the result is called a blockchain.

(4) Does the original chain belong to the blockchain? Extended reading:

Characteristics of the blockchain:

1. Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

2. Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.

4. Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.

5. Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously.

⑤ What is blockchain

In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger.

To understand what this means, we first have to look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology started with finance, we will also introduce it below using banks as an example.

The following is our process for using bank debit card transactions:

You can swipe your card to purchase goods in stores.

The merchant sends a statement to your bank for the agreed upon amount.

Your bank will verify that you may have authorized the purchase.

The bank sends the money to the merchant.

Finally, the bank records this information in its ledger.

There’s a lot of technology involved here, but that’s basically it. The last step is important - the bank records all transactions made by the customer. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction made by the banktrade.

This ledger is kept, maintained and regulated by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank has complete control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do about it.

Crucially, if hackers were able to access a bank’s ledger, that could cause a lot of problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like certain transactions never occurred, etc.

This is why distributed ledgers are so cool.

Blockchain Network Visualization

If a bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a copy of the ledger, and whenever any member of the bank When they make a purchase, they tell every other member of the bank.

Each member will validate the transaction and add it to the ledger (the added records are called "blocks"). This has some important benefits, as there is no centralized authority that can manipulate records. Hackers accessing one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it.

On the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in financial scenarios).

As mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized list of transactions. If I send Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins, I send a message to everyone in the network saying "I am sending Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins" and they all record the transaction.

The future of blockchain, how will it change our lives?

One thing that is important about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it.

Blockchain is not just science fiction. We don’t need to understand the mechanism behind this technology, but you do need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years.

This may sound bold, but remember, 20 years ago we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using state-of-the-art Motorola flip phones, and buying our first DVD players. At that time, if we imagined that a computer could be held in our hands and that we could buy cars, make payments, and watch movies, it would have been considered a fantasy.

Although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet, nor as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many worries in daily life. Such as intermediaries cheating people, transaction delays, etc. In our current lives, middlemen are everywhere and we take them for granted as a part of life. If one day these intermediaries cease to exist, you will find that the world will become a different place.

Imagine that by 2040, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. When one day, you can't live without the districtJust like the blockchain is inseparable from the Internet now, you will be surprised to find that this decentralized accounting technology has simplified the complexity and become a part of your lifestyle

⑥ Regional chain and block What is the difference between a chain

Blockchain is not a single individual, but many block structures connected together to form a chain structure. Each block is then connected to form a specific collection or area. So there is actually no difference between blockchain and regional chain. The term regional chain is actually another expression of blockchain. Blockchain technology is the underlying technology. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, it has been running very stably for many years without any problems. Therefore, some people noticed its underlying technology and extracted the technology abstractly, calling it Blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology. When we search for regional chains, we will automatically jump to the search results page of blockchain, so we can list blockchain and blockchain as synonyms.
Extended information
1. What is blockchain?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
Blockchain is a very important technology. Huobi.com cooperates with the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance , the "2014-2016 Global Development Research Report" released by Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure. Essentially a decentralized database. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
Blockchain _ The original blockchain is a decentralized database that contains a list called blocks, with continuously growing and neatly arranged records. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to the previous block: Blockchains are designed so that data is immutable—once recorded, the data in a block is irreversible.
The design of blockchain is a protection measure, such as (applied to) highly fault-tolerant distributed computing systems. Blockchain makes hybrid consistency possible. This makes blockchain suitable for recording events, titles, medical records and other activities that require data collection, identity management, transaction process management and provenance management.Blockchain has huge potential for financial disintermediation and has a huge impact on leading global trade.
2. What is a regional chain?
The two words "region chain" and "blockchain" are different in only one word. Do they have the same meaning? Let's take a look at the meaning of the two words block and domain. A block can be understood as a part of the whole, and a domain refers to a specific area or a specific whole.
Blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.
Broadly understood, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

⑦ What is the concept of blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Broadcast sent a very important signal: the country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights. and obligations, there is no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: the entire districtThe blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad, older brother and younger brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if my father wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and clearing: Blockchain can abandon the role of transit banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce transit fees, and accelerate fund utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

⑧ What exactly is blockchain

The most popular concept in 2018 is not blockchain, but Internet giants and startups have expressed their interest in entering the market. What is blockchain?

Block chain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The consensus mechanism is to establish trust and obtain rights and interests between different nodes in the block chain system. Mathematical algorithm.

Block chain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a centralized database and the basic technology of Bitcoin. Block chain is a series of data blocks related to cryptography methods. Each data The block contains the information of the Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, the block chain is a chain that connects data blocks in chronological order. The data structure is an untamperable and unforgeable distributed account book guaranteed by Qinxiao cryptography. Broadly speaking, block chain technology is the use of block chain data structures.It constructs a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to verify and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, use cryptography to ensure data transmission and access security, and use smart contracts composed of automatic script codes to program and operate data.

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer and an application layer. Among them, the data layer includes basic data blocks, related data encryption and time The network layer of basic data such as stamping and basic knowledge algorithms includes distributed network mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms and data verification mechanisms. The consensus layer mainly packages the various consensus algorithms of network nodes. The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system. Among them, it mainly includes the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives. The contract layer mainly packages various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable features of the block chain. The model is based on the chain block structure of timestamps and the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes. , economic incentives for consensus computing power and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Blockchains are currently divided into three categories. In the currency issuance "Blockchain: Definition" The book "Future Financial and Economic New Structure" is introduced in detail in the book, in which hybrid blockchain and private blockchain can be considered as broad private chains:

Public blockchain

Public blockchain is It means that any individual or group in the world can send a transaction, the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in the consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present. Major Bitcoins The series of virtual digital currencies are all based on public blockchains, and there is only one blockchain corresponding to this currency in the world.

United (industry) blockchain

Industry blockchain: within a group Designate multiple preselected nodes as accountants, and the generation of each block is jointly decided by all preselected nodes (preselected nodes participate in the consensus process). Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but ask about the accounting process (essentially management accounting, just distributed accounting, The number of pre-selected nodes and how to determine the accountants of each block have become the main risk points of the blockchain). Others can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain

Private blockchain

⑨ What is blockchain

Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.

The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.

We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".

The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is very different from the traditional "centralized database" in storage, update and operation.

A centralized database can be thought of in this shape:

For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, all data requests from when I make money to when he receives the money will be paid byTreasures are processed centrally. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally believe it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being hacked, the server being burned, a traitor appearing, and the company running away (Of course, the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.

Then some people think that this kind of low-probability event can use any technical means to avoid individual risks, and not only hand over the data to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process data.

The database structure may look like this:

This picture is a schematic structural diagram of a "distributed database". Each point is a server, they all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it seems that it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but it is also very confusing and inefficient intuitively. Who will handle my information, and who has the final say on the outcome?

At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: who will process a data request (what qualifications are required); who will verify the results (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors and verifiers from colluding with each other, etc.

Some people may like to be questioned when a "rule" is made. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, they must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. We will start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchain and the role of digital currencies.

When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": there are so many nodes that can process information, and I don't know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go and file a lawsuit against it). They all have my data, why should I trust them?

At this time, encryption algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) comes on stage.

In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of a hash algorithm.

Hash algorithms can quickly convert any type of data into hash values. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, and anti-collision. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request could record the information for me, but they had no idea who I was or what I was doing.

So far, the working principle of the decentralized network has been introduced. But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it blockchain?

To understand this matter, we need to clarify a few knowledge points first:

The previous picture is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. . When it comes to the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and serialized in chronological order.Together, they form a "chain structure", like this:

Each ring in the picture can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.

In order to academically explain the fields of each part of the data in the block, we tried to use a book metaphor to describe what a blockchain data structure is.

Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.

Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.

It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.

This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.

When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be formed if it is recognized by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.

This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.

Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."

Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.

When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to repay the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.

Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.

This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.

A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.

Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?

Let's go back to 2008.

On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after another, and the Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hoped to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.

28A few days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography email group: “I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third-party trust agency. "The text of the post is a paper called "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.

The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.

Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This also sparked discussion in the bitcointalk forum. Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."

Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.

This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".

After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".

There are also people who are not satisfied with the world described in the "Old Testament" and start new sects, write the doctrines into white papers, and tell the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of the 66 books of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and after 2,000 years of interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.

CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%, and the recent price has been hovering around US$7,200 per coin.

So many currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain value storage and hedging characteristics; Ethereum The digital currency represented byMaterials"; Stablecoins represented by USDT and Libra have good payment properties due to their low volatility; central banks represented by DCEP issue digital currencies, which to a certain extent replace M0, allowing commercial institutions and ordinary people to live without cash. When the Internet is disconnected, there will be no delay in receipts and payments.

It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, the first and largest application is digital currency.

Digital currency has also become a way for participants to maintain public security. The attractive rewards of the chain.

So besides digital currencies, where else can blockchain technology be used?

Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is—a decentralized database. , and some corresponding characteristics: traceability, openness, anonymity, and tamper-proof. In theory, traditional scenarios where centralized databases are used can be modified with blockchain to see if it is suitable.

Next, let’s talk about several industries and scenarios where blockchain has been successfully implemented:

Blockchain can prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamp, which can provide judicial authentication and identity certification. , property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting traceability, etc. provide perfect solutions

In the field of anti-counterfeiting traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, luxury goods and other fields through supply chain tracking.

Give two examples.

Blockchain can allow government data to be run, greatly streamlining service processes

The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to concentrate on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as people pass identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contract can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent approvals and signatures can be completed in sequence.

Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of domestic blockchain technology. Taxation The department launched the blockchain electronic invoice "Tax Chain" platform. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds. Invoicing and minute-level reimbursement recording significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one vote, tax evasion and tax evasion.

Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Using blockchain technology Features such as openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering enable the transparent use, precise allocation and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Also give two examples.

The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security We are jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which uses citizen identity numbers as the root and is issued to Chinese citizens based on cryptographic algorithms. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively It alleviates the problems of personal identity information being misused and abused and privacy leaked.

Odaily Planet Daily compiled 5 identity chain projects registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes

Payment and settlement On the other hand, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time.Payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that currently take two or three days can be completed within minutes, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.

In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complicated. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer can handle the issuance on its own through smart contracts. , regulatory authorities conduct unified review and verification, and investors can also bypass intermediaries for direct operations.

In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Give me an example.

The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing

The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. As more new technologies develop, blockchain may be able to be combined with them and play a role in unexpected cross-fields and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.

In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.

Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.

In view of the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general commercial users, many traditionalCloud service providers are beginning to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

During this trial process from traditional technology to blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, they also have problems with the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance). , the requirements are not high, and this field is quite suitable for combining blockchain.

At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.

Typical examples of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric, a major contribution from IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.

These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. Businesses or individuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.

It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.

Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.

Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.

I hope that after reading this, you have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain infrastructure:

Blockchain is composed of dataIt consists of six basic structures: layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.