什么是可谓区块链发展的历程

近年来，区块链技术已经成为全球瞩目的焦点，它被广泛应用于金融、政府、制造业、教育等行业，其发展迅速，受到越来越多的关注。那么，什么是可谓区块链发展的历程呢？

区块链技术最初是由中本聪提出的，他在2008年发表了一篇论文，提出了一种去中心化的数字货币系统，即比特币。比特币的出现标志着区块链技术的开始，比特币的发展也推动了区块链技术的发展。

随着比特币的发展，区块链技术也迅速发展。2012年，以太坊正式发布，以太坊的发布也标志着区块链技术正式进入了新的时代。以太坊不仅支持比特币，而且还支持智能合约，极大地拓展了区块链技术的可能性。

随后，区块链技术迅速发展，出现了许多新的技术和应用，如智能合约、去中心化应用等，这些技术和应用极大地拓展了区块链技术的可能性。

此外，随着区块链技术的发展，政府也开始注意到区块链技术的重要性，许多国家纷纷推出了相关政策，以支持区块链技术的发展，这也促进了区块链技术的发展。

因此，可以说，区块链技术的发展是一个复杂而又有趣的过程，从中本聪提出比特币，到以太坊推出智能合约，再到政府推出支持政策，区块链技术的发展可谓是一个跌宕起伏、充满激情的历程。

『一』What stages has the blockchain developed in?

The blockchain has developed in five stages
1. Germination stage: The real germination stage of the blockchain From 2007 to 2009, a Japanese-American under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto first published a new fantasy report on electronic currency on a cryptography discussion group in 2008 under a different name. Since then, Bitcoin has been born. . As early as 2007, Satoshi Nakamoto began to explore a series of new technologies with the intention of creating a new currency. The Bitcoin white paper was released on October 31, 2008, and the Bitcoin system officially began operation on January 3, 2009.
The main technologies supporting the Bitcoin system include hash functions, distributed ledgers, blockchain, and asymmetric encryption; it can be seen that these technologies build the initial version of the blockchain, which can also be said to be a blockchain It is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In the three years from 2007 to 2009, Bitcoin was in the experimental stage with the participation of a very small number of people, and real commercial activities had not really begun.
2. "Geek" niche stage: The "Geek" here refers to people who are enthusiastic about Internet technology and who regard technological innovation as their fashion and life. The first Bitcoin exchange appeared on February 6, 2010. On May 22 of the same year, someone bought 2 burgers with 10,000 Bitcoins. On July 17 of the same year, the exchange Mt. Gox was established. This marks As Bitcoin officially flows into the market. Despite this, the only people who can truly understand and enter the market to participate in Bitcoin buying and selling are geeks who are passionate about Internet technology. They discuss Bitcoin technology on forums, mine Bitcoins on their computers, and then buy and sell Bitcoins on Mt. Gox. Today, these geeks have become billionaires.
3. Market brewing stage: At the beginning of 2013, the price of Bitcoin was US$13. However, on March 18 of the same year, the Cyprus government closed banks and the stock market due to the financial crisis, causing the price of Bitcoin to soar. In April, the highest price rose to US$266. . On August 20 of the same year, the German government confirmed the currency status of Bitcoin. On October 14, the Chinese Internet announced the opening of a Bitcoin payment channel. In November, the U.S. Senate hearing also clarified the legality of Bitcoin. On November 19, the price of Bitcoin It rose to $1,242, forming a new high. Despite this, the foundation for blockchain to enter the mainstream social economy is not yet available, and the surge in Bitcoin prices is only due to overly optimistic expectations. The containment of China's banking system, the collapse of Mt.Gox and other events caused the price of Bitcoin to continue to fall. In early 2015, the price of Bitcoin had fallen below 200 US dollars. From 2013 to early 2015, the public began to understand Bitcoin and blockchain.
4. Blockchain mainstream period: Britain left the EU on June 23, 2016, North Korea’s fifth nuclear test in September, Trump’s election in November and other events. The uncertainty of the world’s mainstream economy has led to risk aversion. Functional Bitcoin began to recover, market demand was large, and the increase in transaction volume made BitcoinThe price of the currency soared from a maximum of 400 US dollars in 2016 to 20,000 US dollars in 2017. The wealth-making effect of Bitcoin and the transaction overflow caused by the congestion of the Bitcoin network have led to the explosion of other series of virtual currencies, as well as various blockchain applications. It also exploded, and numerous blockchain assets that were hundreds, even thousands, or ten thousand times appeared, triggering a global craze. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s launch of Bitcoin futures trading marked Bitcoin’s official entry into the mainstream investment product series. Bitcoin and blockchain have completely entered the global spotlight.
5. Industrial implementation stage: After the market frenzy in 2017, virtual currency and blockchain made adjustments in terms of market, supervision, and cognition in 2018, returning to rationality. Many blockchain projects that imitate blockchain technology in 2017 will gradually die out as the market cools down, and projects with real practical blockchain applications will initially be implemented. 2018 is not only the first year of blockchain, but also a blockchain gold rush period. After the big waves wash away the sand, what remains is relatively good gold.
From the perspective of the history of blockchain development, blockchain technology is not yet mature and is currently in the growth stage. Specific practical applications of blockchain are only used in the financial field. To apply blockchain to other industries, there is still need for There is a journey to go, but the blockchain trend should be grasped. There are advantages and disadvantages in actively learning the new field of blockchain.

『二』Who will control the development direction of global blockchain technology

The development of blockchain? Now is an era where technology drives financial development. The driving factors of technology have evolved from the earliest Internet information to big data, cloud computing, and mobile Internet in recent years. However, technological innovation is never-ending, and blockchain, as a technological driving force, has shown a vigorous development trend.

As a blockchain with the concept of decentralization and distributed shared accounting technology as its core, it will be embedded in many aspects of the financial field in the future, such as credit enhancement, rights confirmation, equity registration, financial trade, Digital assets, etc. Blockchain is still in the initial stage of development. Whether it is a large institution or a small company, it is still on the path of exploration. As a distributed shared accounting technology, blockchain, the latest and most cutting-edge technology in the field of financial technology, allows participating parties to establish trusting relationships at the technical level in a larger sense. At present, this technology has a lot of room for imagination whether it is used in equity registration, rights confirmation, clearing and settlement in the financial field, or in the field of logistics and traceability of product verification. Bubi Blockchain pointed out that at present, more of Bubi’s technologies are focused on commercial-grade blockchain technology support services, which specifically include three fields. First, the field of digital assets, in addition to common points and check-in cards, it also includes other data. The second is the field of trade finance; the third is the field of equity to improve the convenience of equity transactions.

The development history of blockchain? Blockchain will bring a new revolution in asset confirmation in the future. “The first generation of Internet information solved the problem of free transmission of information, but it did not solve the problem of decentralization.and issues of asset ownership. "This problem cannot be underestimated. At the capital market level, if any technology can clarify the property rights of things that were originally uncertain, it will be a huge change for the entire market. In addition, blockchain will also lead to credit enhancement. Huge changes in the field. It is reported that China currently has about 700 million Internet users. "If each Internet user can increase their credit limit by tens of thousands through blockchain technology, then the increased credit limit nationwide will be tens of thousands." billion, and it is proven at the blockchain level that all your credit is universal. "Three things will happen in Internet finance in the future. First, a good matching model between the asset side and the liability side; second, intelligent investment with follow-up investment and suggestion and notification as the two main modes; third, block Chain.
“As a foundation, the blockchain model rather than the business model will solve a large number of credit reporting problems. The largest blockchain market in the next 3 to 5 years should be in China. ”

Introduction to Bubi Blockchain

Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment, and has a number of core technologies , and has achieved substantial innovation in many aspects and formed a number of core technical achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, Interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains, etc. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the point system to the concept of blockchain, jointly opened it up to multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. All cooperative institutions can jointly participate in transaction verification , ledger storage, real-time settlement; a third-party payment platform for corporate points issuers, making points entry and exit more flexible. Bubi has developed its own blockchain basic service platform, which has been carried out in the fields of equity, supply chain, points, credit, etc. Application. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.

Does the blockchain solve any problems?

The most important thing about blockchain is that it solves the problem of intermediary credit. In the past, it was difficult for two people who did not know and trust each other to achieve collaboration, and they had to rely on a third party. For example, in payment behavior, in the past Any kind of transfer must have an institution such as a bank or Alipay. But through blockchain technology, Bitcoin is the first time that humans have achieved a transfer that both parties can trust without the participation of any intermediary agency. This It is a major breakthrough in blockchain.

The development of blockchain? The development history of blockchain?

Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In the early days, it was not Not many people have noticed the underlying technology of Bitcoin. But when Bitcoin is operated and managed without any centralized organization, it has been running very stably for many years without any problems. So many people have noticed that, The underlying technology may have a big mechanism, and it can be used not only in Bitcoin,This technology may be applicable in many fields. So the Bitcoin technology was abstracted and called blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology. So from a certain perspective, Bitcoin can be seen as the first application of blockchain, and blockchain is more similar to underlying technologies such as TCP/IP, which will expand to more and more industries in the future.

『三』 The history of the birth of blockchain

Many people will be instinctively intimidated when they hear the word "blockchain" and think it is unfathomable. Content or technology has nothing to do with me.

2018 is the first year of blockchain technology. In the past Spring Festival, blockchain has become really popular. The "three o'clock sleepless zone" of the first blockchain community "Blockchain", articles from major media "How to introduce blockchain to seven aunts and eight aunts", novices from all walks of life are ready to enter the currency circle and try their best, etc.

We know that the Internet has connected the world over the course of decades. People don’t talk about whether the world is flat, because as long as you have a computer or a mobile phone, you are closely connected to the entire world. Elites are accustomed to calling the past Internet era the information Internet era.

With the advent of blockchain technology in 2008, humans were caught off guard and drawn into the world of bits. In the future, no matter whether you understand whether you know what blockchain technology is? Do you understand how digital virtual currency is implemented? They have all been coerced into the second era of the Internet: the era of value Internet. What you don’t know is how blockchain technology was born?

David Chaum, the "bishop" figure of cypherpunk in the 1980s and 1990s, invented the cryptographic anonymous cash system Ecash in 1990. Chaum believes that a distributed, truly digital cash system should encrypt people’s privacy.

British cryptographer Adam Baker invented Hashcash in 1997, which used the Proof of Work system. The proof-of-work system is one of the core concepts of Bitcoin.

In 1997, Harper and Stonitta proposed a protocol that uses timestamps to ensure the security of digital files. This protocol has also become one of the prototypes of the Bitcoin blockchain protocol. The biggest feature of timestamps is that when a virtual currency is traded, it is timestamped and it cannot be changed.

Cryptozoology expert Dai Wei invented B-money in 1998. B-money emphasizes point-to-point transactions and immutable transaction records, and every trader in the network keeps track of transactions.

In 2004, Hal Finney, a top developer at the PGP crypto company, launched the electronic currency "Crypto Cash", which used reusableProof of work mechanism (RPOW).

But their single invention and idea are still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency. Ecash declared bankruptcy in 1998; the proof-of-work system cannot guarantee whether digital currencies have been traded many times; the technical protocol of timestamps is only used on a small scale by the government; in the B.money system, David did not solve the problem of ledger synchronization; finally Halfini's idea is still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency.

In 2008, when all technical conditions were mature and time conditions were mature, a god-level figure was still needed to answer a question: why did the previous virtual currency pioneers fail? The name of the person who answered this question is Satoshi Nakamoto.

He believes that the most important reason for the failure of previous virtual currencies is that they all have a centralized structure, and all transaction data will be aggregated into the company's data center, which is no different from government-issued currencies. Once the company that backs the virtual currency goes bankrupt, or the central server of the general ledger is compromised by hackers, the virtual currency will face the risk of collapse. Satoshi Nakamoto optimized David Chaum's Ecash, integrating timestamps, proof-of-work mechanisms, asymmetric encryption technology, and the structure of UTSO, and finally invented Bitcoin.

It can be seen that blockchain is not a single technology, it is a collection of a series of above-mentioned technologies. Bitcoin is just a typical example of the first large-scale application of blockchain technology. In the future, blockchain technology can be applied to many fields such as financial services and social life.

『四』 How is the current development of blockchain in our country

Blockchain development stage

In the past ten years, blockchain technology has been continuously upgraded. , the industry divides its evolution and development process into three stages. These three stages are not realized sequentially, but are a process of common development and mutual promotion.

The blockchain industry will be further standardized in 2020

In 2020, my country's blockchain policies will continue to be favorable, standards and regulations will be more perfect, industry scale will continue to grow, technology will continue to innovate and develop, and application demonstration effects in key areas will accelerate. At the same time, based on the problems existing in the development of my country's blockchain in 2019, CCID Blockchain Research Institute proposed to speed up top-level design and formulation, establish a sound regulatory system, accelerate core technology innovation and research and development, promote third-party evaluation and certification, strengthen professional talent training, and accelerate promotion Six suggestions for implementation in various fields.

——The above data comes from the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.

『五』What can be called a milestone in the development of blockchain

Smart contracts.

Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefinedRules and terms that allow trusted transactions without third parties that are traceable and irreversible. The concept of smart contracts was first proposed by Nick Szabo in 1995. The purpose of smart contracts is to provide a method of security that is superior to traditional contracts and to reduce other transaction costs associated with contracts.

(5) What is the process of blockchain development? Extended reading

The digital form means that the contract must be written in computer-readable code . This is necessary because as long as the parties reach an agreement, the rights and obligations established by the smart contract are executed by a computer or computer network.

Further explanation:

(1) Reaching an agreement

When the participants of a smart contract reach an agreement, the answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation. Generally speaking, a contract is discovered when a party commits to its execution by installing the contract on the contract hosting platform.

(2) Contract execution

The true meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, implementation means active implementation through technical means.

(3) Computer-readable code

In addition, the specific "digital form" required for the contract depends very much on the protocol the parties agree to use.

『Lu』 What is the meaning of blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology.

Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". . Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

Development History

The concept of blockchain was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. In the following years, blockchain It has become a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin: serving as a public ledger for all transactions. By leveraging peer-to-peer networks and distributed timestamp servers, blockchain databases can be managed autonomously. The blockchain invented for Bitcoin makes it the first digital currency to solve the problem of repeated consumption. Bitcoin's design has become a source of inspiration for other applications.

『撒』What is the development trend of blockchain?

Major companies in the industry: Ping An of China (601318), Donggang Co., Ltd. (002117), Information Development (300469), Yuanguang Software (002063) ), Boss Software (300525), Feitian Integrity (300386), Sifang Jingchuang (300468), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398), SF Holding (002352)

The core data of this article: China’s blockchain market size, Number of blockchain tenders in China, number of blockchain companies in China

Industry Overview

1. Definition

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is distributed cryptographically to ensure that it cannot be tampered with or forged. Account book.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

Blockchain is not a single technology, but a combination of new technologies. Each of these technologies performs its own role, solves different problems, and is combined to form a blockchain. As the basic structural unit of the blockchain, the block consists of two parts: the block header and the block body containing transaction data.

2. Industry chain analysis: the downstream industry covers a wide range of areas

The upstream of the blockchain industry chain is mainly the underlying technology and infrastructure. The underlying technology includes core basic components, protocols and algorithms. Represented by Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Ethereum, a network environment such as distributed algorithms, digital keys, data storage, P2P network protocols, and consensus mechanisms based on blockchain technology, transaction rules, and incentives for miners to join network nodes have been built. Mechanism, representative companies include Xiaoyi, Quantum Chain, Wanxiang Blockchain, etc.; the infrastructure is mainly mining machines.

The midstream is the platform layer, which mainly provides developers with applications based on blockchain technology. It provides productized services such as smart contracts, information security, and data services based on the underlying technology to improve development It provides convenience and scalability for developers to develop applications at the platform layer.

Downstream is the vertical industry application layer. It manifests itself as core application components, including smart contracts, programmable assets, incentive mechanisms, member management, etc.

Industry development history: We are in the era of blockchain 3.0

From the perspective of the development history of global blockchain, in 2008, an anonymous person signed by "Satoshi Nakamoto" published The paper "Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Network Electronic Cash System" originally expected to launch a peer-to-peer electronic cash that could circulate freely. The issuance of Bitcoin represented the beginning of blockchain technology; later, in 2013, the launch of Ethereum directly Pushing the blockchain into the 2.0 era; at the end of 2017, the popularity of stablecoins and the launch of MakerDAO pushed the blockchain into the 3.0 era. By June 2019, Facebook released the Libra white paper, which attracted attention and discussion from all walks of life around the world, and various countries regulated Departments have spoken out one after another, showing the huge potential of blockchain technology in reshaping global financial infrastructure. After entering 2021, NFT-based identification technology has emerged and is the first to be applied in the art field.

Industry policy background: Promote the all-round development of blockchain

In 2016, the State Council issued the "13th Five-Year Plan" National Informatization Plan, which listed blockchain for the first time.Entering the category of new technologies and making cutting-edge layouts marks the beginning of my country's promotion of the development of blockchain technology and applications. Since then, various localities in the country have successively introduced blockchain-related policies, providing a good environment for the development of blockchain.

In February 2019, the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" issued by the State Internet Information Office were officially implemented, standardizing the filing basis for the development of my country's blockchain industry. The purpose of promulgating the "Regulations" is to clarify the information security management responsibilities of blockchain information service providers, standardize and promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, avoid blockchain information service security risks, and facilitate the provision of blockchain information services. , use, management, etc. to provide effective legal basis. The introduction of this "management regulations" also means that my country's "supervision era" for blockchain information services has officially arrived.

At the end of October 2019, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 18th collective study session on the development status and trends of blockchain technology. Central leaders clearly emphasized the use of blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies. , Accelerate the promotion of blockchain technology and industrial innovation and development. This fully demonstrates that blockchain technology has risen to a national level. Chen Chun, a professor at Zhejiang University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, who gave a lecture on the collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said at the 2019CCF Blockchain Technology Conference hosted by the Computer Society of China on October 12 that the development of the domestic blockchain industry is ushering in " "Spring Breeze", the research hotspots of China's blockchain technology will focus on two aspects: the key technology of the alliance blockchain and the blockchain supervision technology.

Current development of the industry

1. The market size will grow by more than 90% in 2020

From 2016 to 2018, large IT Internet companies have deployed blockchain. Start-ups have entered a blowout mode, and the industry scale continues to expand. According to IDC data, China's blockchain industry has experienced changes from a market size of US$85 million in 2017 to an industry scale of US$561 million in 2020.

2. The number of related companies is growing rapidly

In terms of the number of companies, in 2020H1, my country provided blockchain professional technical support, products, solutions and other services, and had input or output The number of new blockchain companies reached 303, a year-on-year increase of 274.07% nationwide. As of the end of 2020, the number of blockchain-related companies in my country reached 64,062, a year-on-year increase of 52.88%.

3. Blockchain finance is the largest downstream application market

According to the disclosure of the "China Blockchain Development White Paper (2020)", as the implementation of blockchain applications accelerates, "Blockchain+" business has become the focus of development for Internet backbone enterprises to enter the blockchain industry. In addition to financial business, it actively deploys the Internet, traceability, supply chain & logistics, digital assets, government affairs and public services, intellectual property, and law. , medical and other fields of application. Among them, finance is the most explored field in blockchain technology application scenarios. In supply chain finance, trade finance,Specific projects have been implemented in subdivisions such as payment settlement and fund management.

4. The number of blockchain tenders is increasing year by year

From a year perspective, from 2016 to 2020, the number of government tenders for blockchain-related projects has been growing exponentially. , on the one hand, it benefits from the increasingly prominent application value of blockchain technology, and on the other hand, it also reflects the government’s increased demand for and emphasis on blockchain.

Industry competition status

1. Regional competition: Beijing and Guangdong have the most blockchain technology research and development-related companies

In terms of company distribution, as of the first half of 2021 , the distribution of enterprises is obviously tiered. Among them, Beijing and Guangdong rank in the first echelon with 348 and 341 blockchain development-related companies respectively, and the number of companies in Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang reaches 164, 127, and 81 respectively.

As an important carrier for the development of blockchain industrial clusters, local governments are accelerating the construction of blockchain industrial parks. Judging from the location distribution of industrial parks, there are a large number of blockchain industrial parks in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Qingdao, and Changsha, forming a Bohai Rim agglomeration effect dominated by Beijing and Shandong, with Zhejiang and Shanghai , the agglomeration effect of the Yangtze River Delta dominated by Jiangsu, the agglomeration effect of the Pearl River Delta dominated by Guangdong, and the agglomeration effect of Hunan, Guizhou, and Chongqing dominated by Chongqing and Hunan. Combined with the positioning and development of the industrial park, it is based on the premise of serving enterprises to create a blockchain innovation platform and industrial highland. This positioning also provides the basis for the aggregation effect of enterprises.

2. Enterprise competition: Alibaba’s blockchain is the strongest

In March 2021, at the China Mobile Communications Federation Blockchain Professional Committee and the China Science and Technology System Reform Research Association Under the guidance of the Digital Economy Development Research Group and the Organizing Committee of China's Top 100 Blockchain Enterprises List, Chain Tower Think Tank screened and evaluated thousands of projects and enterprise lists, and finally released the 2020 China's Top 100 Blockchain Enterprises List.

In the context of the outbreak of the epidemic in 2020, the 2020 Blockchain Top 100 List has adjusted the dimensions of enterprise inspection to a certain extent to highlight the performance of outstanding blockchain companies in 2020. It is divided into five main dimensions, namely commercial operation weight accounting for 25%, technology research and development weight accounting for 20%, product application weight accounting for 30%, team composition weight accounting for 15% and marketing promotion accounting for 10%.

Industry development prospects and trend predictions

1. It is still in the introduction period

Currently, my country’s blockchain industry is in the introduction period, and the industry is showing Two main characteristics: First, large industry companies are actively applying blockchain technology to improve their own businesses, but they are still mainly trying, and the main application scenarios are also non-core businesses in the industry. For example, enterprises such as Ping An of China, China UnionPay, and Ant Financial are limited to non-core businesses in their exploration of blockchain applications; secondly, the business development of enterprises focusing on blockchain technology services is mostly in the initial stage, and their product technology systems and The business model is alsoIt is not mature enough, and the demand side’s understanding of blockchain needs to be improved. Blockchain has already formed some application cases in scenarios such as judicial certificate storage, government affairs management, people's livelihood services, food traceability, supply chain management, etc., but it still needs to be further optimized and improved.

The above data refers to the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.