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❶ How to view the blockchain project that is environmentally friendly and mines at the same time - OASES

The Oases ecosystem (called "Oases Network" or "OAS") is the next generation area Industry basic chain and protocol in the field of blockchain environmental protection and energy management. Oases was jointly launched by the American EPC Foundation and the Singaporean OASES FOUNDATION. Based on the material dimension and information dimension, the Oases ecosystem realizes the direct conversion of microscopic energy and macroscopic energy under the condition of energy conservation, and has formulated specific decentralized energy management technology solutions to make the world more environmentally friendly and energy-saving. . The Oases ecosystem will join hands with a number of well-known research institutions to use blockchain technology and combine it with real economic industries to solve global problems on how to reduce environmental pollution, reduce energy consumption, monitor emissions, and collect and analyze environmental big data. Provide comprehensive solutions to the problem, promote the establishment of global environmental protection standards and the formation of various energy asset trading markets, and build a more environmentally friendly and energy-saving world. When blockchain gradually becomes the key to the future world order, exploring environmental protection and energy technologies in the future blockchain world has become the original intention of the Oases ecosystem construction.

❷ Blockchain technology combines BIM lightweighting to improve quality and efficiency throughout the entire construction process

The informatization of the construction industry is an important part of the development strategy of the construction industry and is also the transformation of the construction industry. The inevitable requirements for development methods, quality and efficiency improvement, energy conservation and emission reduction are of great significance to the green development of the construction industry and the improvement of people's quality of life.

On July 3, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in accelerating the upgrading of construction industrialization, requested to accelerate the coordinated development of new generation information technology and construction industrialization technology , increase the integration and innovative application of new technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), the Internet, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, mobile communications, artificial intelligence, and blockchain throughout the entire construction process.

In recent years, BIM models have become increasingly widely used in the construction industry, but collaboration still exists in practical applications. Problems include low credibility, low information transmission efficiency, low data storage security, and inability to interoperate engineering quantity data.

Blockchain technology has the characteristics of distributed storage, anti-tampering, decentralization, etc., and can achieve close collaboration between various units and solve cross-border problems. Dilemmas of organizational collaboration.

In the engineering and construction industry, the effective combination of blockchain technology and BIM technology can make the entire process management and settlement more intuitive and efficient.

Transparent Construction provides project managers/supervisors with a "work certificate + real-life supervision + BIM" transparent and trustworthy engineering command system based on blockchain technology to improve management efficiency and meet regulatory requirements.

Transparent construction is based on the decentralized and distributed ledger characteristics of blockchain technology. Units are integrated into the system, information silos are broken down, and trusted collaboration is established.

Transparent construction associates construction process information with BIM models in real time. BIM engineers can continuously improve the model during transparent construction, work collaboratively, and transparently share engineering construction information with all parties in the project in real time.

Transparent construction forms a virtuous closed loop through fully transparent process collaboration and efficient BIM collaboration. "Blockchain + BIM" makes the construction process highly visible, provides supervision services for project management, and improves efficiency in engineering construction.

During the project construction process, the BIM model can be regarded as a contractual element between the parties involved in the project. , that is, the construction of the actual building needs to be consistent with the BIM design model.

The construction process deviates from the BIM model:

The construction party or supervision unit can require the construction party to stop construction and make rectifications according to the original design of the BIM model and repair.

There are conflicts or errors in the BIM model:

The construction party can propose changes and confirm them by re-improving the BIM model.

Each participating unit can record the progress of the construction site, quality and safety issues, process inspections and various inspections in real time through the mobile terminal, and associate it with In the module corresponding to the BIM model.

Transparent construction of "blockchain + BIM" makes progress updates transparent and the growth of the building visible. Let all participating parties have a clear understanding of the project progress and improve the quality of management.

During the project construction process, each participating party will generate a variety of independent data and collaborative data. Transparent Construction integrates and analyzes these data from multiple dimensions such as "progress, quality, safety, cost, environmental protection, and low carbon" to provide project management/supervisors with information models + real-life processesThe tracking project command system facilitates command and dispatch of the project.

Project command screen

In addition, transparent construction makes the construction process possible. Information data is collected and statistically analyzed to form digital value and data assets to help participating companies enjoy inclusive financial services.

The builder/supervisor can trace specific issues through the BIM model and compare the actual construction situation with the BIM model. Model comparison and quick verification.

The system will provide early warnings for conflict problems, speed up the efficiency of problem rectification, and improve the overall project construction efficiency.

Transparent construction integrates advanced technologies such as on-site monitoring, VR, and drone aerial photography to enhance collaboration among all parties. Efficiency, visual management of on-site quality and safety.

The person in charge of each participating unit passed the transparent construction The system's lightweight BIM function enables in-depth process collaboration, allowing every data transaction to be confirmed on the chain.

Transparent construction provides the person in charge with a visualized BIM model. Data such as phased project quantities and material cutting tracking can be viewed in the system, and the project can be set up. Key milestones in the construction process, assisting owners to efficiently manage project node budgets.

Anchor

Set

By setting milestones Associated with the BIM model, a series of "smart contracts" are formed. The process data such as scene certificates, safety and quality records, project documents, and image progress published in the system can all become the basis for transparent settlement of project quantities.

❸ What are the core blockchain technologies introduced in blockchain technology

< br>What is the hottest Internet topic at the moment? You don’t need to tell me that it is blockchain technology. However, many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have too much in-depth understanding of it. So blockchain What are the technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology can be a publicThe ledger (can be seen by anyone) can also be a permissioned network (can only be seen by those authorized), which solves supply chain challenges because it is an immutable record in the network Shared among participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to seconds), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), target hash value of the current block, and Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This kind of function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block, and ultimately generates a unified hash value of all transaction information in the block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause Merkle tree changes.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. ability testCertificate signature, verifying that the sender of the information is the private key holder.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number , so that the hash value of the new block plus the random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, in the PeerCoin PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who don’t win will be deducted Ether coins to achieve the next goal.A block of consensus.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, it is more suitable to use POS because there is no trust problem in verification nodes; and because there are untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, it is more suitable to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain technology----contract layer: giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of programmed rules and logic that respond to scenarios. Implemented by decentralized, trusted shared script code deployed on the blockchain. Normally, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and conversion rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution,Response actions in specific situations, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content of the introduction to the core technology of blockchain.

❹ How to apply blockchain + environmental management

Just put the situation in various places on the chain and record all the changes. Blockchain makes these data unable to be tampered with, so it can be realized In order to make management efficient and orderly, there is now a SMIC blockchain service platform project initiated by Changsha High-tech Zone. It is now in the formal operation stage and has been selected as a key blockchain project in Hunan Province. The next step is Recruiting companies are on the chain.

❺ How can blockchain “go up” in a carbon-neutral future?

#01

< p> We are serious about achieving carbon neutrality

In recent years, the issue of global warming has received increasing attention, and the issue of climate change has gradually been recognized by everyone.

In order to deal with the global climate crisis, our country is also vigorously promoting the concept of "carbon neutrality". On the one hand, it is a solemn commitment to address global climate issues; on the other hand, energy substitution is also an important engine for economic growth in the post-epidemic era.

Xiaoou’s note: What are carbon peak and carbon neutrality?

"Carbon peak" refers to a certain moment when carbon dioxide emissions reach a historical high and then gradually fall back;

" "Carbon neutrality" refers to offsetting the carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions produced by itself through afforestation, energy conservation and emission reduction, achieving positive and negative offsets, and achieving relatively "zero emissions."

It is understood that China will achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals by 2030 and 2060 respectively.

The global carbon neutrality goals are as follows:

Currently, we choose to adopt a "carbon pricing mechanism" to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The so-called carbon pricing, that is, "who pollutes, pays" means that if you want to emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, you must first obtain the right to carbon emissions, and then pay for this right. There are two specific methods: levying a carbon tax and establishing a carbon emissions trading system (referred to as carbon trading).

Carbon tax policy is not difficult to understand. At present, the public discussion is more about carbon trading.

The so-called carbon trading refers to treating carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, which can be bought and sold between enterprises through a certain mechanism. This market formation is usually artificially created by the government through emission control of energy-consuming enterprises.

However,From a global perspective, a unified global carbon trading market has not yet been formed, and my country is still in the pilot stage of carbon emissions trading.

Currently, a total of 8 regions are currently carrying out carbon emission trading pilot projects, namely: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong, Shenzhen and Fujian.

According to ICAP statistics, the total amount of quotas in the world's 21 operating carbon markets in 2020 is approximately 4.782 billion tons. Among them, the eight pilot markets totaled 1.425 billion tons, accounting for 29.8%, second only to the EU.

According to Guosen Securities’ prediction, as the market improves and coverage increases, transactions will become more and more active, and the national carbon trading market transactions may reach more than 100 billion in 2030.

#02

What kind of chemical reaction will blockchain + carbon neutrality produce?

Today, the carbon neutrality movement is in full swing. In addition to energy-saving and emission-reduction measures in real life, some emerging new technologies are also providing more solutions to achieve this goal. Taking blockchain as an example, it trades efficiency for energy saving, thereby reducing carbon emissions, and may speed up the achievement of carbon neutrality.

A special researcher at Ouke Cloud Chain Research Institute said:

“In terms of helping achieve carbon neutrality goals and industrial transformation and upgrading, the advantages of blockchain-related technologies and models are mainly reflected in the following: Three aspects: First, on the enterprise side, the natural advantages of blockchain data transparency and traceability and supply chain management can effectively improve the overall output efficiency and resource utilization of each link in the industrial chain, and activate low-carbon and zero-carbon related suppliers. and the market value and competitiveness of related processes; secondly, on the management side, carbon accounting standards based on blockchain technology and smart contract execution can be established to achieve unified management of the entire industry, automatic sorting, and carbon emission early warning with clear rights and responsibilities. Rewards and penalties, etc.; thirdly, on the energy side, blockchain technology is deeply involved in energy distribution, trading, recycling and other aspects, such as focusing on energy distribution in low-carbon industries, promoting the transformation of the energy market from centralized to decentralized, reducing waste, etc. Objectively, it also stimulates the vitality of the renewable energy market."

In addition, he also pointed out that in the process of assisting "carbon neutrality", blockchain technology does not exist independently. It can only be integrated with big data. , privacy computing, knowledge graph, Internet of Things and other technologies, only by opening up data islands and analyzing and summarizing data on the chain can the role of blockchain be better utilized, thereby creating a more visible and credible carbon regulatory environment.

Today, the carbon trading market is gradually getting on the right track, and the application of blockchain in this field is also maturing. At present, IBM, State Grid, Huawei, etc. have also joined the practice. As a new generation of disruptive core technology that has emerged after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet, the blessing of blockchain is bound to make my country's carbon trading market more standardized and dynamic.

❻ Low-carbon consensus, linking the world - global anti-warming, ECO2 in action!

On Saturday, September 5, 2020, the "Global Anti-Warming Blockchain Application Seminar" and the "ECO2 China Community First Anniversary Celebration" were grandly held in Taiyuan, China. This event is hosted by ECO2 Foundation Ltd. (ECO2 Foundation), China Energy Conservation Association Carbon Trading Industry Alliance, National Information Center China Economic Network, International Emissions Trading Association (IETA), Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization, International Trusted Block Supported by international exchange organizations such as the Chain Application Association (INATBA), and strategically supported by 30+ media. This ancient city with a history of more than 2,500 years was once the ancient capital of nine dynasties. Many emperors in history have left their roots in this city. It is the "land of dragon prosperity" in Chinese civilization, so Taiyuan is also called: Dragon City. . Another significance of choosing to hold this conference here is that Shanxi is a major coal-producing province in China and has a profound impact on the development of the coal industry and the "low-carbon economy" advocated by the country.

(The picture is the event site)

ECO2 Foundation was launched on June 5, 2016 (World Environment Day). It is a non-profit foundation organization focusing on Use science and technology to enhance the ability of "global combating warming" to prevent the earth from the existential crisis caused by climate change. The ECO2 Foundation was registered in Singapore on June 1, 2020, as the initiator of the ECO2 Ledger public chain.

ECO2 Ledger is the world’s first blockchain public chain system to achieve zero carbon emissions. It is specially designed for carbon trading and climate action. As a blockchain technology in the carbon trading market Innovation, using the decentralization, transparency and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain to enhance the coverage, trust and efficiency of the international carbon trading market. Provide a fair and open global climate action platform for the emission reduction targets of the Paris Agreement.

(The picture is the event site)

Carbon Library App is the first mobile application developed and released by ECO2 Ledger, specially tailored for individuals to participate in carbon neutrality . Through the Carbon Bank APP, users will be able to trade carbon sinks directly on ECO2 Ledger, while also receiving rewards for learning climate knowledge and building an environmentally conscious online community. Currently, version 2.0 of the Carbon Bank APP has joined the Climate Neutrality Action Plan (CNNow) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Low-carbon volunteers participate in all online and offline activities of the Carbon Bank app, every step of the operation on the app, and the certificates issued by practicing carbon neutrality are recognized and supported by the United Nations, symbolizing the international honor and excellence of jointly fighting global warming. affim.

(The picture shows the event site)

Guests attending this seminar include: Professor Zhang Juntao, executive deputy secretary-general of the Carbon Trading Industry Alliance of China Energy Conservation Association, Professor Zhu Youping, deputy director of the China Economic Network Management Center of the National Information Center, and founder of ECO2 Mr. Hao Xuanzheng and co-founder Mr. Lin Yuyang. And low-carbon volunteers from all over China have gathered here to discuss how to use blockchain technology to apply to "global anti-warming" measures, and to advocate low-carbon environmental protection, which must be taken into action!

❼ What are the application results of blockchain technology in "double carbon"

Blockchain unicorn Qulian Technology continues to make efforts in blockchain technology and dual carbon. , and has achieved remarkable results:
1. Provincial comprehensive pollution reduction and carbon reduction management platform: Zhejiang Province Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction Synergy Platform. This platform is the country's first provincial-level collaborative management platform for pollution reduction and carbon reduction, aiming to provide support tools for the province's pollutant management, carbon emission rights management, and enterprise pollution and carbon reduction services; Ningxia's "Carbon Inclusion" platform. It aims to use digital technology to establish a carbon inclusive mechanism that everyone can participate in and benefit from, quantify the carbon reduction caused by the public's green behaviors such as energy conservation and carbon reduction, and promote the formation of a green carbon inclusive system for everyone. Low carbon life.
2. Regional pollution reduction and carbon reduction business practice: Shangyu Economic and Technological Development Zone’s pollution reduction and carbon reduction synergy digital intelligence platform. The province's first pollution reduction and carbon reduction synergy index for industrial parks and enterprises covers four sub-scenarios: park pollution reduction and carbon reduction development evaluation and analysis, resource collaboration, project research and judgment, and factor market, covering 80% of the park's carbon emissions.
In addition, in May this year, Qulian Technology established a wholly-owned company, Quanke Technology, focusing on the fields of energy transformation and low-carbon economy. Based on blockchain technology, it provides one-stop energy-saving, carbon-reducing and sustainable solutions for relevant departments and commercial organizations. Development solutions and new energy comprehensive management and credit enhancement systems help the comprehensive implementation of new energy and dual-carbon ecological systems, accelerate the process of low-carbon development, empower the green and sustainable development of society, and inject new green momentum into my country's economic development.