基于区块链技术对接政府监管系统,基于区块链技术对接政府监管的研究

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Is there any compliance risk in blockchain?

Yes, the application of blockchain technology may involve compliance risks.
First of all, in some countries and regions, governments or regulatory authorities may take different stances on digital currencies and other assets based on blockchain technology, and there will be a certain degree of legal, compliance and policy risks. . For example, some countries restrict or prohibit the use of digital currencies and other Bitcoin or blockchain derivatives. Therefore, when choosing the scope of application of blockchain technology, the local legal and regulatory environment needs to be considered.
Secondly, there are trust issues between participants in private chains or alliance chains, and there are also compliance risks in the construction of trust mechanisms. For example, in the financial field, banks or other financial institutions need to consider which trust model to use when using blockchain technology to comply with social ethics and potential legal requirements. For money-related transactions, legal requirements such as anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism must also be met.
In addition, due to the immutable and public nature of blockchain technology, it may inadvertently leak personal privacy, business secrets and other confidential information, causing privacy data leaks and security risks.
Therefore, enterprises and technology companies should carefully assess potential compliance risks and formulate appropriate compliance security measures, such as complying with legal and regulatory requirements, establishing a sound privacy protection mechanism, and strengthening privacy data protection in multiple dimensions. To ensure compliance and data security of blockchain technology applications.

㈡ What are the main models used in blockchain credit supervision?

The main models used in blockchain credit supervision are:
1. The use of blockchain technology Connect existing credit databases to each other to realize credit data transactions between various institutions.
2. It is to build a distributed database based on blockchain technology as the underlying framework and establish a new credit information ecosystem.

㈢ The upgrade of blockchain technology enables blockchain applications to be regulated

The upgrade of blockchain technology enables blockchain applications to be regulated
Internet In the modern era, computers have proposed many trusted computing methods very early on, that is, any blockchain technology node adopts a trusted computing module. Therefore, trusted computing can make it easier to upgrade and iterate technology in distributed networks.
In terms of the real-name system of blockchain technology, there is a blockchain technology laboratory in the United States, and they have proposed many technical solutions for real-name systems. For example, the current blockchain technology is point-to-point. In many countries, such as South Korea, each person has an electronic certificate, and real-name electronic certificates must be used for signatures during transactions. Of course, there are simpler solutions. We can store the IP address of the entire device as part of the transaction on the blockchain application.
In this way, the entire blockchain technology transaction can realize the real-name system of the technology. So this is an optional real-name system. We can build a real-name blockchain application network or an anonymous blockchain application network.
Super Key is also a major advancement in the current development of blockchain technology. Because of a distributed network, how do we supervise it and how do we control it? In cryptography, we call it multi-signature.
We (yunbaokeji) design a different blockchain application network. If it is a blockchain application network used by a bank, we can design a super key. The keys of all nodes must be together with the super key to generate a wallet.
Then this super key must be in the hands of regulators or certain institutions, who can have limited control over blockchain applications. For example, currently the data on blockchain applications cannot be deleted, so the super key actually allows powerful organizations to modify the distributed network.
So what kind of technology is blockchain:
(1) Distributed decentralization,
(2) No need to trust the system,
(3) Unable to Tampering and encryption security. I know these words individually, but what do they mean together?
1. Distributed decentralization. This is talked about all over the Internet. Needless to say, in short, there is no longer a need for a central server. Everyone’s data is obtained from this server. Instead, The data is placed on N devices connected to the Internet, and everyone can download and store it.
2. No need to trust the system. Do you trust banks? Because the bank is recognized and established by the state, the blockchain implements a trust method that does not require a third party. N devices on the Internet are used to store data, and everyone can verify the data. As long as more than half of the people think you are right, you are right. No one person or organization can modify more than half of the content on the Internet. If you don't believe in others, you should always believe in your own verification results. If you don't believe in yourself, then congratulations, you are a great philosopher.
3. Non-tampering and encryption security
Blockchain uses a series of technologies, such as SHA256 and RIPEMD160 and other cryptographic algorithms to ensure non-tampering and encryption security. For example, 0101100011101110 represents a Characters, the algorithm requires shifting 4 bits to the left, supplementing with 0, throwing away the 4 bits on the left, and adding 4 0s on the right to get the result. How to deduce the original value based on the result? Of course this is just a simple example.

㈣ Interpretation of the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" | "Tourism" law can be followed

On January 10, 2019, the State Internet Information Office issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" 》 (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), and will come into effect on February 15, 2019. In order to help readers understand the content of the "Regulations" more clearly and straightforwardly, we have conducted a professional interpretation of this new regulation and compiled several highlights of the "Regulations": 1. It is clarified that the competent department of blockchain information services shall be responsible for Article 3, blockchain informationThe supervision, management and law enforcement departments of the service are Internet Information Offices at all levels. 2. Clarify the definition of blockchain information service providers. According to Article 2 of the "Regulations", the so-called blockchain information services refer to the services provided to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems. Provide information services. Blockchain information service providers refer to entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public, as well as institutions or organizations that provide technical support to entities that provide blockchain information services. According to the above definition, it can be seen that only information services such as news reports about blockchain and Bitcoin are provided to the public, such as mobile APPs such as Mars Finance and Bikuaibao, as long as the underlying technology for providing services is not based on blockchain technology or systems. It does not belong to the blockchain information services mentioned in the "Regulations" and is not subject to the "Regulations". As for mobile apps or games such as "NetEase Planet", "Nishuihan", "A Chinese Ghost Story", etc., since some of them use blockchain technology or systems to provide services to users, their operators should be classified as blockchain information services provider. In addition, in view of the above definition, even if an organization or institution itself does not provide blockchain information services to the public, as long as it provides technical support to blockchain information service subjects, it still belongs to blockchain information services. Providers are bound by the Regulations. This means that the more popular model of "overseas establishment of entities to issue coins on the chain + domestic companies to provide technical services" may come to an end. 3. Clarify the security management responsibilities of blockchain information service providers. The "Regulations" clearly stipulate the responsibilities of blockchain information service providers. Mainly include: 4. Clarify the filing responsibilities and related procedures of blockchain information service providers. In addition to the above responsibilities, blockchain information service providers should also perform filing responsibilities: 1. Within ten working days from the date of provision of services. Fill in the service provider’s name, service category, service form, application field, server address and other information through the State Internet Information Office’s Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System, and perform the registration procedures. 2. If the service items, platform address and other matters are changed, the change procedures shall be completed within five working days from the date of change. 3. If the service is terminated, the cancellation procedures should be completed thirty working days before the service is terminated, and proper arrangements should be made. 4. Those who engage in blockchain information services before the promulgation of the "Regulations" (i.e. before January 10, 2019) shall comply with the regulations within twenty working days from the date when the "Regulations" come into effect (i.e. February 15, 2019). Complete relevant procedures. 5. Blockchain information service providers should log in to the blockchain information service filing management system within the specified time and provide relevant information to cooperate with the Internet Information Office in conducting regular inspections of the filing information. Registration agencies: Internet information offices at all levels. Filing procedures: After the blockchain information service provider submits materials, the Internet Information Source Information Office shall file the materials within twenty working days, issue a filing number, and report to the State Internet Information Office through the Blockchain Information Service Filing Management System. Public release of filing information; materialsIf the basic sales information is incomplete, the registration will not be filed, but the filing party shall be notified within 20 working days and the reasons shall be explained. The promulgation of the "Regulations" clarified the subject boundaries of blockchain information service providers, stipulated in detail the subject responsibilities of blockchain information service providers, and filled the current domestic regulatory gap in the field of blockchain information services. , marking the arrival of the "regulatory era" in the field of blockchain information services. For the blockchain information service industry, it means more orderly and healthy development; for practitioners who are currently engaged in or are interested in providing blockchain information services in the future, it means higher compliance requirements. .

㈤ The digital currency community must use blockchain technology to self-supervise

The digital currency community must use blockchain technology to self-supervise
Illegal actions that occur on the blockchain Self-policing may soon become a necessity in the digital currency community.
Every day in the future, digital currency enthusiasts will likely have to spend time identifying illegal transactions to avoid these things from happening. The U.S. Treasury Department has made a decision that cannot be changed.
A few weeks ago, the U.S. Treasury Department quietly posted a supplement to its FAQs on the website of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), the agency responsible for overseeing U.S. economic sanctions. Language in OFAC’s plan to include ‘digital currency’ addresses on its Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons (SDN) list.
This is going to be a big deal.
Banks and businesses of all types should check the SDN list to ensure they are not providing financial services to individuals, organizations and organizations designated as 'blocked' by the United States for involvement in terrorism, nuclear proliferation, theft, human rights abuses and other crimes. government.
Banks can legally freeze property they hold that is on OFAC's list and stop their transactions. If this is not done, the financial penalties may be more severe. Although most daily digital currency investors only know a little bit about the world subject to legal restrictions, operators of any form of financial business know that if you do not obey legal management, you may lose your business and property in an instant .
Never before has a specific digital currency address or property been listed on OFAC's list, although legal experts have understood for years that sending Bitcoin or other digital currencies to anyone on any of the SDN lists It would be illegal for Americans.
However, there is a big difference between closed funds in the financial world and those that can exist in the digital currency field. Peer-to-peer digital currency transactions cannot be blocked and regulated by third parties.
So an OFAC-designated digital currency fund is more likely to bring its external address for review rather than the designated fund itself.
Some experts in the digital currency industry believe that the designation of digital currency funds will usher in a new era; depending on how closely they are associated with SDN addresses, a token is classified as clean, polluted or unknown era.
This may cause different price levels of coins on the same blockchain, with clean tokens being more expensive than those that are tainted or of unknown origin, and end the existence of digital currencies. There is substitutability.
The first is that we can expect that blockchain forensic tools will become increasingly valuable and more widely implemented, because digital currency transactions are designed to reduce the risk of users' transactions contaminating currencies.
It’s up to you
However, the most important part of a new era is the review of digital currency transaction addresses by financial institutions, which will be something the digital currency community itself will have to do: routinely block blocks Illegal transactions on the chain.
This is something the digital currency community doesn’t want to hear.
Digital currency experts often point to 'censorship resistance' as the most valuable feature of the technology, which allows anyone to store and send funds without any restrictions on government rights. In theory, this is a very powerful boost for freedom and democracy.
In practice, this technical capability is not extensible under the laws of most financial crime-related jurisdictions. While evading the actions of a corrupt government is a worthy goal, the digital currency community should be aware that remaining passive is ethically unacceptable, yet there is growing evidence of criminals and terrorists taking advantage of community freedoms.
In recent years, anti-money laundering (AML) compliance experts have focused on the conduct of the blockchain industry, encouraging digital currency businesses to go beyond the 'know your customer' (KYC) due diligence required by traditional financial institutions, and through Altering data on the blockchain to perform Know Your Transaction (KYT) analysis.
There are a number of startups that specialize in this kind of blockchain forensic work, working with other law enforcement agencies and corporate clients of large banks to conduct digital currency transactions. The companies' analytics tools are effective in fighting crime, but many voices in the blockchain community have criticized the tools -- saying they anonymize financial transactions on the blockchain. --To destroy privacy. However, much of the information from blockchain forensics is not publicly available. Typically, a corporate or government client is required to access this data.
However, OFAC’s listing of digital currency addresses increases the risk of KYT analysis.
This will be important for everyone involved in digital currency transactions, allowing them to verify the ‘legitimacy’ of the addresses they touch.
Although it is likely that the number of designated addresses will start from the smallest (OFAC will not designate addresses lightly), even a small chance of violating sanctions will bring about a reduced risk of compliance, affecting the token buyers of the civilian community. .
An inadvertent transaction with a banned address or an address that has been banned by a banned address will be visible on the public blockchain ledger and may also taint the person's digital assets.currency funds.
The only way to help daily users of digital currencies get out of SDN-affected blockchain platforms is to have real-time AML/KYT to gain insight into the flow of funds from various fund addresses. Judging from the current situation, blockchain analysis is only in silos and is only provided to financial companies and legal departments, so this method is simply impossible to implement.
Centralized AML
We need an open source platform where illegal activity is flagged and defamatory information is censored. We call it centralized AML on the blockchain.
I understand the need. As a researcher at a nonprofit national security think tank, I investigate incidents of digital currencies and illicit financing, such as Bitcoin terrorist financing in the Middle East. Our team used the free and public Blockchain Discovery website to analyze donations from these campaigns.
These tools are not as powerful as mechanisms like governments and banks that can use expensive specialized machine learning and algorithmic tools. Even through rigorous manual tracking and analysis of blockchain activity, I saw addresses that flagged transactions with terrorist funds, and there was no effective way to share my findings on the platform with everyday cryptocurrency users. They can see my 'flags', assess their accuracy as much as possible and keep their addresses uncontaminated.
The industry can help solve the problem
Two years ago, I suggested that cryptocurrency experts should set up their own gatekeeper groups to look for malicious activity on the blockchain, akin to 'white hats' How hackers flag viruses is the same as other cyber threats. The Treasury Department’s plans make it the most important thing now for the digital currency community to establish advocacy for self-regulation.
In addition to aggregating OFAC’s blacklist, a public crowdsourced blockchain AML tool can address an illegal financial threat that directly affects digital currency users: digital currency heists. This would allow victims of extortion or exchange hacks to voluntarily list their extorted or stolen tokens.
While this will not transfer funds back to their legitimate owners, it will make it more difficult to move or steal coins and have long-term consequences for digital currency theft.
Of course, for an AML platform that can self-monitor, there must be a way to review the list, so that inaccurate and illegal information will not be sent out. Otherwise, such a tool could be misused to mistakenly tamper with addresses and then financially persecute innocent people. But implementing AML on a blockchain platform is a more technical way to solve the problem, rather than finding reasons to refuse to find a better way.
The first blockchain protocol, Bitcoin's breakthrough, was designed to decentralize methods to incentivize strangers to complete and affirm the authenticity of global public financial records.
Of course, digital currency tokens are getting all the attention, time, and moneyBy investing in a new product and service base, those developing the technology should be able to devise ways to encourage keeping the blockchain clean and untarnished.

㈥ How to view blockchain electronic contracts to promote the digital development of government services

Recently, the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress passed the "National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China" The 14th Five-Year Plan and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035 were officially released. Proposed: Promote blockchain technology innovations such as smart contracts, consensus algorithms, encryption algorithms, and distributed systems, focus on alliance chains to develop blockchain service platforms and application solutions in areas such as financial technology, supply chain management, and government services, and improve supervision Mechanism, in terms of smart government affairs, proposes: Promote the one-stop service of government affairs, promote the application of electronic certificates, electronic contracts, electronic signatures, electronic invoices, and electronic files, and improve the "good and bad" evaluation system of government services. With the rapid development of the digital economy, electronic contracts and electronic signatures have developed rapidly in the wave of digitization, networking and intelligence. As the infrastructure for digital applications, electronic contracts and electronic signatures have become the core tools for the digital transformation of government and enterprises due to their advantages such as "convenience, efficiency, safety and environmental protection, and paperless online", helping the government simplify the enterprise certification process and improve work efficiency. and service experience.
In the actual application scenarios of blockchain, government services have become the most widely used field. Whether it is real estate registration, social security, medical care, or taxation, blockchain has absolute advantages in breaking through data barriers and solving information asymmetry. "Blockchain + government services" can effectively solve problems such as government data sharing, fidelity and security, improve government supervision capabilities, and also help improve the efficiency and level of comprehensive government services. As a professional domestic blockchain electronic signing platform under Yibaoquan, Junzizhuan innovates the "blockchain + judicial + electronic signing" model and can provide government departments with identity authentication, electronic signatures, seal control, blockchain certificate preservation, One-stop electronic signing services such as judicial services, by deeply integrating reliable and mature electronic seal technology with blockchain technology, can provide strong technical support for cross-regional, cross-department and cross-level data exchange and information sharing, helping to open up Government services are provided "online-wide" and "one-stop" to accelerate the construction of digital government and enhance government digital service capabilities.

㈦ How to develop blockchain + government affairs

The core is decentralization. Covering digital identity, electronic certificate deposits, electronic bills, property rights registration, industrial and commercial registration, data sharing, public-related supervision, administrative approval, etc. Using blockchain technology, government departments can safely authorize relevant parties to access data and record data calling behaviors. When data leakage occurs, they can effectively and accurately pursue accountability, thus providing credibility for cross-level and cross-department data interconnection. environment and improve the efficiency of government services. For example, data sharing, public supervision, etc.

㈧ How to apply blockchain + environmental management

Just put the situation in various places on the chain and record all the changes. Blockchain Let these data beTherefore, efficient and orderly management has been achieved. There is now a SMIC blockchain service platform project initiated by Changsha High-tech Zone. It is now in the formal operation stage and has been selected as a key blockchain project in Hunan Province. For the project, the next step is to recruit companies to join the chain.