区块链怎么不提了,区块链的币怎么变现

A. Tutorial for beginners in blockchain wool, a must-read tutorial for beginners in the currency circle

Explanation of terms:

Blockchain token

A new business model created based on blockchain technology, and token is the token of each project. We collectively call it "token" token as the project progresses

and implementation Application circulation generates value (this value depends on everyone’s consensus)

The blockchain is a bit like a huge, global and decentralized accounting book.

It is used to record how much currency one person sends to another person, and to track the balances of all accounts.

It is run by thousands of people around the world with special computers (we also call them miners ) for recording and maintenance.

Blocks in the blockchain are composed of many transaction records. These transactions are similar from wallets such as Imtoken, MetaMask, Exos, Mist, Geth, Parity, etc. The operation interface is sent out

2. Airdrop

Each project will airdrop a certain proportion of tokens as a benefit for the start of community construction, in order to allow more future users to participate , so airdrop is the most important part of the commercial application of blockchain (you can understand it as the previous Internet projects allowed everyone to take taxis, eat, etc. for free)

3. Wallet

Wallet Divided into 'light wallet', 'hardware wallet', 'Bitcoin wallet', 'Ethereum wallet', cold wallet, etc.

Blockchain technology solves different industry pain points in different fields, so the value generated is also great. Different

For example: Bitcoin has solved the problem of trust, so now its value is 50,000 yuan each

Ethereum has solved the problem of smart contracts, so it Now one is 4,000 each

Ripple solves the problem of cross-border payment, so it currently ranks third in market value

4. Pain points solved by the wallet

Traditional banks

When you register an account at a bank or exchange, these institutions will create a new account for you in their internal systems. The bank will closely track your personal information and record your Account password, balance, transaction records and complete control of your funds. The bank will charge account management and service fees while providing you with services, such as helping you recover stolen credit card purchases. The bank allows you to use checks or borrow money Prepaid consumption methods such as debit cards,You can also check your balance online, reset your password, and replace your lost debit card. When you use a bank or exchange account to trade, the transaction amount and transfer address may be restricted by these institutions. And there is also an audit process. These restrictions will also charge you additional handling fees.

Virtual Currency Wallet

When you create an account in any wallet, In fact, it just generates a pair of digital strings with cryptographic meaning: the private key and the public key (address) of your account. The entire process of generating these keys occurs in the browser of your local computer or inside the wallet file of your mobile phone. Your private keys, passwords and any account information will never be forwarded, received or saved. Wallet files will never charge any handling fees. Simply put, you are just using this operation interface to interact directly with the blockchain network. If If you provide your public key (address) to others, then the other party can send you tokens. If you provide your private key to others, then the other party has complete control of your account and funds.

5. Wallet security

Please actively pay attention to the security of your account private key and password. Your private key may sometimes be stored in a mnemonic phrase, keystore file, UTC file, JSON file, Wallet files and other forms exist. Please remember that if you accidentally lose your private key or password, no one can recover them. If you enter your private key on a phishing website, they will steal all your funds. .Do not trust or click on web links you see in email, Slack, Reddit, Twitter, etc. Develop a good habit of manually entering the address to open the website, and do not open the website through links in emails or other channels. Keep your private information Make backup copies of private keys or passwords. It is best not to save them on your computer, handwrite them or print them out on paper. Save backup copies of your private keys or passwords separately in a secure offline environment, if they are kept with your computer. A fire or flood can easily destroy them all. Never store private keys in online network disks, photo albums with cloud synchronization, etc. If you really value your digital currency, then you should Buy a hardware wallet, your assets deserve to be protected with more professional equipment.

Please pay attention to subsequent updates and follow the blockchain currency circle (www.qkl808.com) which will lead you to wealth The Road to Freedom

B. What is the digital currency blockchain

1. The blockchain is a ledger that records digital currency transactions
Take Bitcoin as an example, it does not Entity form, but exists in a dedicated ledger. Everything is recorded in the ledgerFor Bitcoin transactions, we can calculate the number of Bitcoins owned by each user through transaction records. If a person owns Bitcoins, it means that transaction records related to him can be found in the ledger.
The ledger mentioned here is a piece of software, which we can download from the official Bitcoin website, and the underlying technology used in this software is the blockchain. To facilitate understanding, we usually say that the blockchain is the ledger.
The reason why blockchain is used as the underlying technology of the ledger is to achieve the decentralization of digital currency. It can be said that the starting point for a series of problems encountered by digital currencies and the solutions provided comes from decentralization.
2. Blockchain is a technology that ensures the safe use of digital currencies. Everyone knows that blockchain technology has two major characteristics: encryption and non-tamperability, which can reduce the probability of errors during the use of digital currencies. reduced to 0. Since digital currencies have higher requirements for encryption, blockchain technology must be used to support them. Currently, not only many industries in our country are using blockchain technology, but many foreign countries are also actively using blockchain technology. Blockchain technology.
[Extended information]
Blockchain is the underlying technology of digital currency, and Bitcoin is the first successful application of blockchain.. To understand this problem, we must first recognize the facts: not all blockchains require Issuing digital currency, currently our country strongly supports "coinless blockchain". Generally speaking, public blockchain, that is, public chain, needs to issue tokens as "rewards" to motivate users and maintain system operation, while ordinary blockchain , often called a consortium chain, can or cannot be issued. Private blockchains are mostly used for company internal audits and generally do not need to issue coins. The following is a detailed explanation of the differences between the three blockchains:
1. Public block Chain: A blockchain in which anyone in the world can read and send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Bitcoin and Ethereum are typical applications of public blockchains. Public blockchains are a global Distributed blockchain, blockchain data is open, user participation is high, and it is easy to produce network effects, easy to apply and promote. Therefore, this kind of blockchain operation relies heavily on the incentive mechanism, Bitcoin Tokens such as Ethereum and Ethereum are used as "rewards" for incentives, so public chains need to issue tokens to maintain their own development and ecology.
2. Community Blockchain (Alliance Chain): It means that the participation of nodes in the blockchain is selected in advance. There are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between nodes. The data on the blockchain can be open It can also be internal. For partial distribution, we can regard it as "partial decentralization". Each alliance in the chain has its own centralized management. For example, R3CEV of more than 40 banks is a typical alliance chain. Chains usually do not require a lot of money, but there are also individual alliance chains that choose to send money to motivate members within the alliance to contribute, so there are no restrictions on the chain.
3. Private blockchain: refers to the limited scope of participation of nodes.Strict permission management such as a specific organization's own users, data access and use... Write permissions in a completely private blockchain are only in the hands of the participants, and read permissions can be open to the outside world or restricted to any extent. Currently, they are mainly used For the company's internal audit work, therefore, the private chain does not need to issue currency and does not have the characteristics of decentralization. It is a centralized management mechanism.

C. The low-key rich people and anxious novices in the blockchain currency circle

The newly rich people and the anxious novices in the blockchain currency circle have a low-key relationship with each other

Since Bitcoin’s surge, blockchain has also stood in the forefront of public attention. After visiting dozens of communities, the author found that all the content about writing about blockchain technology is actually only read by a small group of people. People are not interested in the principle of how blockchain can achieve the decentralization of digital currency. Even What the basic blockchain is is sometimes poorly understood, but this does not stop the public from being enthusiastic about blockchain and various digital currencies.

Perhaps it is because I don’t understand and am full of curiosity that I am more likely to be deceived by various scammers into making uncut leeks. The tide of blockchain is rushing forward, and the living beings on the shore are really diverse.

The first type is the blockchain novice group.

Characteristics: Afraid of not being able to catch the fast train to riches, feeling anxious and nervous but feeling unable to do anything. They don’t know how to mine and earn coins, nor how to buy and trade in the market, nor even where the market is. Their understanding of blockchain and various currencies actually comes from envy and hatred because people around them became rich overnight by buying coins. The novice group seems to be eager to trade all the time, but they don't dare to make a move. Holding cash to wait and see makes them more and more anxious and nervous, afraid of missing out and a little afraid of losing money.

The second type is the blockchain project promotion crowd.

Features: Crazy joining groups to attract people and dump project links. The author found in various communities that most of these links are used to attract people to register on the condition of issuing digital currency or sending mining machines. Such people will join the group and attract people when they see them in social groups. They can be found wherever there are people. They are "working hard". What's more, if you create a group by yourself and get enough people in, all members will be banned. After that, the group owner or administrator will frantically dump the link. The link content is basically a routine, with a project introduction and registration address, and ends with Register and receive free mining machines or coins as bait. This kind of behavior that does not take into account the personal feelings of the group members is really incredible. This group of people knows a little bit about blockchain and the currency circle, but they don’t actually know much about technology. Some of them also hold the promoted project coins themselves, and feel a little relieved that they can join the game early, and firmly believe that the value will appreciate in the future and make a lot of money.

The third type is ordinary programmers who have early experience in entering the currency circle.

Characteristics: There are stories or experiences of mining coins, and most people belong to the mentality ofThe crowd clapped their thighs in regret. Since there was a certain technical threshold for coin mining in the early years, this group of people came into contact with coin mining very early because of their technical status. They are also early users of Bitcoin. At that time, they were mining coins, and they were very simple at heart. Some people brought their friends to dig with them, or even helped their friends dig (the friends didn’t understand technology, so they basically mined for their friends). When these people mine coins, they do not think that they may become rich one day in the future or even achieve financial freedom. Therefore, many people have already chosen to cash out when the price of Bitcoin reaches 200 to 600.

What’s dramatic is those people who don’t understand technology and have programmer friends mine for them. Some people sadly forget the keys to mine coins because they don’t understand technology or don’t care, or they lose their original keys. The system files left their Bitcoins frozen forever. Those who couldn't find them regretted and wanted to die, while those who found the keys or system files finally received high rewards. Programmers who cashed out early and people who forgot their keys or lost system files, after seeing the sky-high price of Bitcoin, they patted their thighs and regretted it, and at the same time they were ready to move, regretful and anxious.

The fourth type, the CEOs who operate the project

Characteristics: After seeing Bitcoin, the Ethereum bosses are making a lot of money and can no longer control their hearts. Excited, he quickly jumped into the rolling torrent. They have fantasies about the future, but also have anxiety after encountering supervision. But CEOs who really want to do something in the industry are actually more welcoming to supervision. Such groups consider more about the healthy and long-term development of the industry ecology.

The fifth type, business giants

Characteristics: Some business giants are cautiously waiting, some have already embraced it, and some have avoided issuing coins to try out blockchain technology. Wide range of applications of smart contracts. Wanda’s recent deployment on the blockchain has been widely reported by the media.

The sixth type, investment tycoons

Characteristics: Low profile has become synonymous with them. They rarely brag about how much money they have made on Bitcoin, but they also rarely mention how much they have been cheated.

As investment tycoons with a keen sense of smell, any new trends are the focus of their attention. Many of them not only observe calmly with the eyes of bystanders, but also silently pay attention to seed companies with real potential. This group appears to be very low-key on various occasions.

The seventh type, media from all parties

Characteristics: strive to supplement basic knowledge of blockchain and track various materials in the currency circle. This group can be simply divided into two camps. Some are dedicated to pure information reporting and in-depth industry analysis. They use a third party's perspective to see and interpret various phenomena that occur in the industry. The other camp chooses to endorse new things. Of course, they often use critical and skeptical thinking to discover the real rationality of blockchain.application.

The rolling tide is coming, and all living beings are in various forms. How to understand the blockchain currency circle? How to avoid scammers in the currency circle? The next article on the Blockchain Bubble Headlines and WeChat public accounts will present the current deceptions and routines in the form of examples.

In the end, there is the same saying, listen to both and you will be enlightened, and listen to one side and you will be dark. I only represent the views of Blockchain Bubble and cannot be used as investment guidance for you.

D. Blockchain Principle

Blockchain is a technology, but it is not a single technology, but the result of the integration of multiple technologies, including cryptography , mathematics, economics, network science, etc. You can think of it as a distributed shared accounting technology, or as a database, but this database is jointly maintained by all nodes on the chain, and each node has a ledger, because all nodes The ledgers are consistent, different nodes can trust each other, and there is no doubt about the data, so everyone says that the blockchain has technically achieved trust. For detailed professional technology, you can consult some professional technology companies. For example: Jinbo Technology, which focuses on developing blockchain-related products, has a professional R&D team and complete after-sales service. You can call for consultation.

E. Are there 7 core technologies for blockchain operation that you should know?

How many of the 7 core technologies for blockchain operation do you know?
1. Blockchain links
As the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into two parts: block header and block body (including transaction data). The block header includes the hash (PrevHash) value (also called hash value) of the previous block used to implement block linking and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the header of the previous block, and the rules for calculating random numbers determine which miner can obtain the power to record the block.
2. Consensus Mechanism
Blockchain was born with Bitcoin and is the basic technical architecture of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as a decentralized accounting system based on the Internet. A decentralized digital currency system like Bitcoin requires blockchain to ensure the consistency of accounting by each honest node without a central node. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism that reaches a consensus on the legality of transactions among individuals who have no basis for trust in each other without central control.
There are currently four main categories of blockchain consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS, and distributed consensus algorithms.
3. Unlocking scripts
Scripts are an important technology for automatic verification and automatic execution of contracts on the blockchain. Each output of each transaction does not strictly point to an address, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that govern how the recipient can spend the assets locked on this output.
The legality verification of transactions also relies on scripts. Currently it relies on two types of scripts:Lock script and unlock script. The locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, implemented through a script language, and is located at the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only if the conditions required by the locking script are met, the corresponding assets on this script can be spent, which is located at the input of the transaction. Many flexible items can be expressed through scripting language. The interpretation script is similar to a "virtual machine" in our programming field, which is distributed and runs on every node in the blockchain network.
4. Transaction Rules
Blockchain transactions are the basic units that constitute blocks, and are also the actual effective content that the blockchain is responsible for recording. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer or other transactions such as the deployment of smart contracts.
In the case of Bitcoin, a transaction refers to a payment transfer. The trading rules are as follows:
1) The input and output of the transaction cannot be empty.
2) For each input of the transaction, if its corresponding UTXO output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is a transaction that has not been recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from a confirmed UTXO. If found in the current transaction pool, it is a double spend transaction.
3) For each input in the transaction, its corresponding output must be UTXO.
4) Each input unlocking script must work with the corresponding output locking script to verify the compliance of the transaction.
5. Transaction Priority
The priority of blockchain transactions is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For Bitcoin, the priority of a transaction being included in a block is determined by the time it takes for the transaction to be broadcast to the network and the size of the transaction. As the time it takes for a transaction to be broadcast to the network increases and the chain age of the transaction increases, the priority of the transaction is increased and will eventually be included in the block. For Ethereum, the priority of a transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher of the transaction is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority of the transaction being included in the block.
6.Merkle proof
The original application of Merkle proof is the Bitcoin system (Bitcoin), which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. The Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proofs in order to store transactions in every block. This makes the transaction unable to be tampered with and makes it easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block.
7.RLP
RLP (Recursive Length Prefix, recursive length prefix encoding) is a main encoding method for object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode any nested sequence of binary virtual data. Lu Ji

F. What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology.

Essentially, it is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

The Origin of Blockchain

Blockchain originated from Bitcoin. On November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto ) published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on the architectural concept of an electronic cash system based on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc., which marked the The birth of coin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

G. Give an example of what is blockchain

Question 1: What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. in a cloudOn top of the system, the self-certification of data in data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point The verification will produce a "basic protocol", which is a new form of distributed artificial intelligence and will establish a new interface and shared interface between human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 2: What is the transaction process of the blockchain? Best to give an example 20 points 1. Definition
Blockchain is like an open network ledger. It originated from Bitcoin and is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In a Bitcoin transaction, all the information recorded in the transaction is packaged into a "Block" for storage. With the expansion of information exchange, blocks are linked to each other, forming a blockchain.
2. Characteristics
Digital currency represented by Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Among them, each transaction will be broadcast to all participants in the network, and will be recorded in the ledger after multiple confirmations. This ledger is the "blockchain". Each participant will have his own ledger. In this way, when false information occurs, it can be broken through mutual verification, thereby ensuring network security.
In the blockchain, every node is equal, and there is no centralized management organization. This "decentralization" feature makes the blockchain unnecessary to rely on third parties, and its operation does not require any human effort. intervention, capable of independent self-validation. In addition, the blockchain network is open to the world, and anyone can query data through the public port, so the entire system is highly transparent.
3. Application
In short, the blockchain is a trusted database and a reliable "ledger". In the future, it will be used in cross-border payments, securities, loans, voting, etc. For example, in cross-border payments, with the security provided by blockchain, money can be sent to the world anytime and anywhere, thus eliminating many intermediate links and high handling fees.

Question 3: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading and stock selection.Voting and so on. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended for any non-professionals to invest in blockchain projects. If you are very interested in blockchain technology and have a technical or financial background, it is recommended that you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains. wait. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology underlying Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer electronic cash.For point-to-point value delivery, we should distinguish concepts such as Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain technology. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It is attracting more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 4: What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? People in each industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and a blockchain whirlwind has taken off in the financial circle. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording, and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why has blockchain become a rapidly heating up hot technology and topic?
The most important of these may be that the launch of Bitcoin based on blockchain technology has opened up a new relationship with traditional society ( The exploration and attempt of brand-new technologies and rule systems such as Internet user identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization and verification, which have little connection with offline) and are fully applied in the online world (online), provide people with the opportunity to adapt to the Internet society. Development provides alternative paths and unlimited imagination.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. The establishment of Bitcoin Configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (adding factors such as block and transaction time identification) Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including registration and verification, blockchain, full encryption, and mutual authentication. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of fund settlement also have obvious advantages. This has made people's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continue to increase, and people have become more and more aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, the blockchain Chain is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application is by no means limited to Bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; it can be a public chain model or a private chain model. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, it is increasingly It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, for the identity verification of the parties, the natural choice is to use the information on the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and other biometrics to conduct online transactions. Verification, but this method first makes the citizen identity information in the cross-border interconnected online world subject to the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 5: What is the so-called "blockchain"? Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a person, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is related to people, whoever There are various possibilities related to media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can you explain the principle of 10-point blockchain in plain language: decentralized distributed accounting system
Blockchain The core of the technology is that all currently participating nodes jointly maintain transactions and databases. It makes transactions based on cryptographic principles rather than trust, so that any two parties who reach an agreement can directly conduct payment transactions without the participation of a third party.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the past The order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction.
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain (BlockChain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
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In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a system in which all people participate in accounting.Way. Behind all systems there is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation?
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to satisfy market participants. There is a demand for information, so intermediaries and centers are born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did not solve the problem of information credibility. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. To realize value exchange, people still need third-party intermediaries based on credit (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let... >>

Question 7: Explain clearly in an easy-to-understand manner what blockchain is. The English name for blockchain is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of Bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
Biying China is working hard on the digitization of assets and has launched the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 8: What is blockchain? Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
In May 2016, the Currency Blockchain Research Center published the first book in China that introduces blockchain in simple terms, "Blockchain: Defining a New Pattern of Future Finance and Economics." It introduces the impact of blockchain technology on future finance and economy

Question 9: What is blockchain? For the time being, this is a relatively high-end technology. It connects all nodes (which can be understood as servers) through p2p network technology. Complete data (blocks) are stored on each node. The addition and withdrawal of any node will not affect the normal operation of the chain. Data is embodied in the form of data blocks. Blocks are connected to each other and can be understood as a one-way linked list. The hash value of the nth block is generated based on the hash of the n-1th block, the transaction recorded in the current block, and the random number as parameters. In this way, if you want to modify the data of the historical block, you have to modify all the blocks from the modified block to the final block. The difficulty can be imagined.
The blockchain also introduces a consensus mechanism and an incentive mechanism. There is no way to describe it too comprehensively here. I hope everyone can discuss and learn together

Question 10: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain refers to the process of decentralizationA technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database in a trustless manner.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.

H. Advantages of blockchain technology

1. Decentralization:
Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no center In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self-verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.
2. Openness:
The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the parties to the transaction being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can access it through the public The interface queries blockchain data and develops related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Independence:
Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can Verify and exchange data automatically and securely within the system without any human intervention.
4. Security:
As long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, network data cannot be manipulated and modified at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.
5. Anonymity:
Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously.
Digital China is a major development strategy clearly proposed for the first time in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Digital technology applications represented by cloud computing, big data, and mobile Internet are no longer limited to the economic field, but have widely penetrated into public services, social development, and all aspects of people's lives, requiring macro coordination, overall control, and integrated development.
With the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation continuing to deepen, the wave of digital economy is unstoppable on a global scale. Developing the digital economy has become a globalKnowledge is known as the key to opening the door to the fourth industrial revolution.
Adhering to the world-wide inclusive humanistic spirit of the University of Nice, always embracing changes, standing at the forefront, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of Nice's "Doctorate in Blockchain and Digital Economic Management" ( DDE for short) came into being.
This is the cornerstone to empower digital economy industry managers with a global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, intelligently operate the digital economy, promote the sustainable development of the industry, and contribute to a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the DDE project will advance in collaboration with colleagues in the digital economy field.
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I. What is blockchain

In When designing the Bitcoin system, Satoshi Nakamoto creatively combined computer computing power competition with economic incentives to form a proof-of-work (POW) consensus mechanism, allowing mining computer nodes to complete tasks in the computing competition. Currency issuance and accounting functions also complete the operation and maintenance of blockchain ledgers and decentralized networks. This forms a complete cycle: mining with mining machines (competition for computing power), completing decentralized accounting (operating the system), and obtaining economic incentives in the form of Bitcoin (economic rewards).

Bitcoin’s proof-of-work consensus mechanism is a layer that connects upper-layer applications and lower-layer technologies: the layer above it is the issuance, transfer, and anti-counterfeiting of electronic cash; the layer below it , the nodes of the decentralized network reach a consensus and update the distributed ledger.

When discussing the present and future of blockchain, we will constantly return to the design of the Bitcoin system. It is a simple and exquisite system that integrates technical and economic factors. The source of all innovation in the blockchain.

The definition of blockchain

At this point, I believe readers can roughly understand what blockchain is. Finally, let us explain blockchain from different perspectives. Let’s define it.

The first definition of blockchain (relatively popular)

Bitcoin: an encrypted digital currency; blockchain: a basic technology.

Blockchain is an underlying technology derived from “Bitcoin”. In other words, Bitcoin is the first wildly successful application of blockchain technology.

The second definition of blockchain

Blockchain is a technology for “value representation” and “value transfer” in the digital world. One side of the blockchain coin is an encrypted digital currency or token that represents value, and the other side is a distributed ledger for value transfer.Ben and decentralized networks.

Distributed ledgers and decentralized networks are also often called "chains", which can be regarded as a software platform; and the tokens that represent value are often called "coins".

The token is stored on the chain and managed through the code on the chain (the main form of smart contract), which is programmable.

What is blockchain