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区块链项目架构是什么意思,区块链项目架构是什么

发布时间：2023-12-06-04:56:00 来源：网络区块链知识区块架构项目

区块链项目架构是什么意思,区块链项目架构是什么

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① What are the blockchain technology frameworks

The current mainstream blockchain architecture contains six levels: network layer, data layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, and contract layer and application layer. The positions of the data layer and the network layer are reversed in the figure, and their main uses will be detailed in the next section.
Network layer: The essence of the blockchain network is a P2P (Peer-to-peer) network. The resources and services in the network are scattered on all nodes. The transmission of information and the implementation of services are directly between the nodes. It can be carried out in a short period of time without the intervention of intermediate links and servers. Each node both receives and generates information. The nodes synchronize information by maintaining a common blockchain. When a node creates a new block, it notifies other nodes in the form of broadcast, and other nodes receive the information. The block is then verified and a new block is created based on the block, thereby achieving the role of the entire network jointly maintaining an underlying ledger. Therefore, the network layer will involve the design of P2P network, propagation mechanism, verification mechanism, etc. Obviously, these designs can affect the confirmation speed of block information. The network layer can be used as a research direction in the scalable solution of blockchain technology;
Data layer: The underlying data of the blockchain is a block + linked list data structure, which includes data blocks, chain structures, timestamps, hash functions, Merkle trees, asymmetric encryption and other designs. Among them, data blocks and chain structures can be used as improvement directions for data layer research in the scalable solution of blockchain technology.
Consensus layer: It is the basis for highly dispersed nodes to achieve rapid consensus on the validity of block data. The main consensus mechanisms include POW (Proof Of Work) and POS (Proof of Stake). Mechanism), DPOS (Delegated Proof of Stake Delegated Proof of Stake Mechanism) and PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), etc., which have always been the highlight of the scalable solutions of blockchain technology.
Incentive layer: It is what everyone often calls a mining mechanism. It is used to design a certain economic incentive model and encourage nodes to participate in the security verification of the blockchain, including the design of issuance mechanisms and distribution mechanisms, etc. This level of improvement does not seem to be directly related to blockchain scalability.
Contract layer: mainly refers to various script codes, algorithm mechanisms, smart contracts, etc. Strictly speaking, this layer is missing in the first generation of blockchains, so they can only conduct transactions and cannot be used in other fields or perform other logical processing. The emergence of the contract layer makes it possible to use blockchains in other fields. has become a reality. This part of Ethereum includes two parts: EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and smart contracts. Improvements at this level seem to provide a potential new direction for blockchain scalability, but structurally there does not seem to be a direct connection
Application layer:It is the display layer of the blockchain, including various application scenarios and cases. For example, Ethereum uses truffle and web3-js. The application layer of the blockchain can be the mobile terminal, the web terminal, or it can be integrated into the existing server, and the current business server is regarded as the application layer. Improvements at this level seem to provide potential new directions for blockchain scalability, but there does not seem to be a direct connection in structure.
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot of the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

② What is the architectural model of blockchain technology?

The analysis of Jinwowo Network is as follows: starting from the essence of blockchain, looking at the architecture and development of blockchain The future development of the architecture focuses on the main business and technical capabilities, and provides a comprehensive and highly summarized blockchain architecture model.
This is a high-level architecture model for chain contract services, which reflects the future ability to realize highly automated, intelligent, fair and contract-abiding virtual social production relations based on blockchain.

③ What is the architecture of the blockchain?

First of all, you need to know that the blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. , Secondly, Jinwowo Group believes that the structure of the blockchain system is composed of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

1. Data layer: encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies

2. Network layer: includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.;

3. Consensus layer: mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including economic Incentive issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism, etc.;

4. Contract layer: It mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the basis for the programmable features of the blockchain; currently Jinwowo in Southwest China has It took the lead in starting big data research with blockchain as the underlying technology, and also provides big data services with blockchain as the underlying technology.

5. Application layer: It encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology

④ Let you quickly understand the technical model architecture of blockchain in 1 minute

Blockchain technology is not a single technology, but a fusion of multiple technologies for innovation.The result is essentially a weakly centered, self-reliant underlying architecture technology.
The blockchain technical model includes the data information layer, the consensus layer of the transmission layer, the incentive layer, the contract layer and the network layer from top to bottom. Each layer has an important role, and different levels cooperate with each other to build a value transfer system that goes to the management center.

The characteristics of the data information layer are that it cannot be forged, fully backed up data, and completely fair (data information, management permissions, coding), and its algorithm design is a blockchain, including blockchain headers and blocks material. The blockchain header consists of three sets of blockchain databases. One set of databases is the parent blockchain hash value, which is used to connect the block to the previous block in the blockchain. The second set of databases is the Merkle root. An algorithm designed to effectively summarize all transactions in the blockchain; the three sets of databases are the difficulty target, time format and Nonce related to the production of the blockchain.

The transport layer encapsulates technologies such as P2P network mechanism, dissemination and authentication mechanism. In the transport layer, new transactions are broadcast to major websites. Each node will include the received transaction information in a blockchain, and each node will try to add it to its own blockchain. Find a proof of workload with sufficient difficulty. When a node finds a proof of workload (qualified to package the blockchain), it broadcasts the program (newly packaged blockchain) to major websites. When And only if all transactions included in the block are valid and have not existed before, other nodes will recognize the validity of the block, and the way to express acceptance is to follow the block. At the end of the block, a new block is created to add to the chain, and any hash of the accepted block is treated as any hash of the new block.

The consensus layer encapsulates various consensus algorithms of nodes, which is the key technology of the blockchain, because this determines the formation of the blockchain, and the accounting decision-making method may affect the entire system. Software safety and stability. At present, more than ten consensus mechanism algorithms have been produced, among which the well-known ones are the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), the easy-to-use Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT), the proof-of-interest mechanism (POS), and the equity authorization proof mechanism.

The encouragement layer includes an offering system and an incentive system. Simply put, the incentive system is to encourage nodes to participate in maintaining the optimal operation of the blockchain system in a balanced economic manner, to avoid falsification of the general ledger, and to maintain the driving force for the operation of the blockchain network in the long term.

The contract layer has the characteristics of a programmable controller, which mainly includes smart contracts, consensus algorithms, scripting, and coding. It is the basis for the characteristics of a blockchain programmable controller. Put the code into the blockchain or dynamic password to complete a customizable smart contract, and achieve a specificUnder restricted circumstances, it can be executed automatically without going through a third party, which is the basis for trust in the blockchain.
The network layer encapsulates various application fields and examples of blockchain, which is very similar to computer applications and portals on computer browsers. It deploys blockchain core technologies on things such as Ethereum. , EOS and implemented in practice.

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⑤ What is the blockchain technology architecture?

The architecture of blockchain technology includes the following Several aspects:

Decentralized network: The core of blockchain technology is decentralization. Its network structure is different from the traditional centralized network structure. It uses point-to-point way to achieve data transmission and verification, thereby achieving the purpose of decentralization.

Consensus mechanism: The consensus mechanism is an important means to ensure data security and reliability in the blockchain network. The consensus mechanism can ensure data consistency among all nodes in the blockchain network. Common consensus mechanisms include proof of work, proof of equity, and share authorization.

Smart contract: Smart contract is another important component of blockchain technology. It is a computer program that can automatically execute and verify contracts and can be programmable on the blockchain network. Automated trading. Distributed storage: Distributed storage is another important component of blockchain technology. It realizes distributed storage and backup of data by storing data on various nodes of the network, thereby improving the security and reliability of data. .

Common numerical features include expectation, variance, standard deviation, etc. These indicators can be used to describe the central trend, degree of dispersion and other characteristics of random variables, and can also be used for probability calculations and risks. Analysis etc.

⑥ What is the blockchain structure layer?

⑦ What are the blockchain architecture designs?

As an implementation of architectural design, blockchain is quite different from basic languages or platforms. Blockchain is the technology behind cryptocurrency. It is one of the popular technologies currently on par with VR and virtual reality. It is not a new technology in itself. It is similar to Ajax. It can be said to be a technical architecture, so let’s talk about it from the perspective of architectural design. Blockchain technology implementation. noneNo matter what programming language you are good at, you can refer to this design to implement a blockchain product. At the same time, we will sort out the related knowledge maps and systems to help everyone study and research systematically.

In terms of architectural design, blockchain can be simply divided into three levels, the protocol layer, the extension layer and the application layer. Among them, the protocol layer can be divided into the storage layer and the network layer, which are independent of each other but inseparable.

Blockchain Architecture Diagram

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is developed by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China "Smart Learning Workshop 2020-Master's Degree Innovation Workstation" is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

⑧ What is the six-layer model of the blockchain?

The blockchain has a total of six levels of structure. These six levels of structure from bottom to top are: data layer, network layer , consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer.
1. Data Layer
The data layer is the bottom layer of the six-level structure of the blockchain. We can understand the data layer as a database, but for blockchain, this database is an immutable and distributed database, which is what we call a "distributed ledger".
On the data layer, that is, on this "distributed ledger", the data information on the blockchain is stored, encapsulating the blockchain structure of the block, asymmetric encryption technology, hash algorithm and other technologies Means to ensure the security of data when it is disclosed to the entire network. The specific approach is:
On the blockchain network, nodes use consensus algorithms to maintain the consistency of data in the data layer (that is, this distributed database), using asymmetric encryption and hash algorithms in cryptography. , to ensure that this distributed database cannot be tampered with and is traceable.
This constitutes the lowest level data structure in blockchain technology. However, it is not enough to have a distributed database. The data information in the database also needs to be shared and exchanged. Next, we introduce the upper layer of the data layer - the network layer.
2. Network layer
The network system of the blockchain is essentially a P2P (point-to-point) network. Point-to-point means that there is no need for an intermediate link or centralized server to control the system. Everything in the network Resources and services are allocated to each node, and information can be transmitted directly between the two nodes. However, it should be noted that P2P
(peer-to-peer) was not invented by Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchain just incorporates this technology.
So, the network layer of the blockchain is actually a particularly powerful peer-to-peer network system. In this system, each node can both produce and receive information, just like sending emails. You can write your own emails and receive messages from others.People send you emails.
On the blockchain network, nodes need to jointly maintain the blockchain system. Whenever a node creates a new block, it needs to notify other nodes in the form of broadcast, and other nodes receive After receiving the information, the block is verified, and then a new block is created based on the block. In this way, the entire network can jointly maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system.
However, what rules should the entire network follow to maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system? This involves the so-called "laws and regulations" (rules), which is what we will introduce next: the consensus layer.
3. Consensus Layer
In the world of blockchain, consensus, simply put, means that the entire network must maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system according to a unified and agreed-upon rule. Similar to the rules for updating data. Allowing highly dispersed nodes to efficiently reach consensus in a decentralized blockchain network is one of the core technologies of the blockchain and is also the governance mechanism of the blockchain community.
The current mainstream consensus mechanism algorithms include: Bitcoin's Proof of Work (POW), Ethereum's Proof of Stake
(POS), EOS's Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS), etc.
We have now introduced the data layer, network layer, and consensus layer. These three layers ensure that there is data and network on the blockchain, and there are rules for updating data on the network. However, there is no free lunch in the world. How to make it happen? Nodes can actively participate in the maintenance of the blockchain system. This involves incentives, which is what we will introduce below: the incentive layer.
4. Incentive layer
The incentive layer is the so-called mining mechanism. The mining mechanism can actually be understood as an incentive mechanism: how much you contribute to the blockchain system, you can get as many rewards as you want. Using this incentive mechanism, nodes across the entire network can be encouraged to participate in data recording and maintenance on the blockchain.
The mining mechanism and the consensus mechanism are actually the same. The consensus mechanism can be understood as the company's general rules and regulations, and the mining mechanism can be understood as, within this general rules and regulations, what you have done can What kind of reward you get, this kind of reward rules.
Just like Bitcoin’s consensus mechanism PoW, its stipulation is that the more work you do, the more you gain. Whoever can find the correct hash value first can get a certain amount of Bitcoin rewards;
And Ethereum PoS stipulates that the longer who holds the currency, the greater the probability of receiving rewards.
It should be noted that the incentive layer is generally only available in public chains, because public chains must rely on nodes across the entire network to jointly maintain data, so there must be such an incentive mechanism to encourage nodes throughout the network to participate in the blockchain system. Construction and maintenance to ensure the security and reliability of the blockchain system.
The blockchain is safe and reliable, but it is not smart enough, right? The contract layer we will introduce below can make the blockchain system more intelligent.
5. Contract Layer
The main contract layerIncluding various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, it is the basis of blockchain programmability. The "smart contract" we are talking about belongs to the contract layer.
If the Bitcoin system is not smart enough, then the "smart contracts" proposed by Ethereum can meet many application scenarios. The principle of the contract layer is mainly to embed code into the blockchain system and use this method to implement customizable smart contracts. In this way, on the blockchain system, once the terms of the smart contract are triggered, the system can automatically execute the order.
6. Application Layer
The last is the application layer. The application layer is very simple. As the name suggests, it is the various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. The "blockchain+" we are talking about now is the so-called application layer. The blockchain applications that have been implemented so far are mainly various blockchain applications built on public chains such as ETH and EOS. There are many gambling and game applications, and truly practical applications have not yet appeared.

⑨ What is the model architecture of blockchain?

Blockchain technology is not a single innovative technology, but the result of integrated innovation of multiple technologies. Its essence is a weak center. , self-trusting underlying architecture technology. Compared with traditional Internet technology, its technical principles and model architecture are a major innovation. Here, we will analyze the basic technical model of blockchain.

Model diagram

The blockchain technology model includes data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer from bottom to top. . Each layer has a core function, and different layers cooperate with each other to jointly build a decentralized value transmission system

The data layer is the lowest level interpretation architecture of the blockchain, which uses public and private keys. The combined asymmetric encryption technology uses hash functions to ensure that information is not tampered with, and also uses chain structure, timestamp technology, Merkle tree and other technologies to process data blocks, so that the old and new blocks can be Mutual links and mutual verification are the basis for the safe and stable operation of the blockchain.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "blockchain technology" approved by the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. Professional” pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.