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1. Big Data and Blockchain

This story still starts with Bitcoin

Bitcoin, the electronic cash system, is going to Intermediation (electronic cash between individuals does not require the intervention of a trusted third-party intermediary) and decentralization (maintained by an institution) (both parties to the transaction can complete the transaction without establishing a trust relationship)

Hash function: Convert an arbitrarily long string into a fixed-length output (the calculation process cannot be too complicated). As long as the input string changes slightly, the output of the hash function will be completely different.

Blockchain: Divide large things into many blocks for storage. As long as one thing is tampered with and the data below are different, it will be discovered

Uses blockchain (data structure hash function) to ensure that the ledger cannot be tampered with, uses digital signature technology to ensure that only you can use your own account, and uses p2p network and POW consensus mechanism to ensure decentralized operation.

Blockchain is a method that uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access security. A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm.

Three elements:

The essence of blockchain is a distributed ledger, a kind of database. The blockchain uses a hash algorithm to ensure that information cannot be tampered with, uses public keys and private keys to identify identities, and collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized and disintermediated manner.

The differences between big data and blockchain are mainly reflected in the following aspects.

(1) Data volume. Blockchain technology is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The amount of data processed by the blockchain is small and has a meticulous processing method. Big data manages massive amounts of data, which requires breadth and quantity, and the processing methods will be rougher.

(2) Structured and unstructured. Blockchain is a block with a rigorously defined structure. The chain composed of pointers is a typical structured data, while big data needs to process more unstructured data.

(3) Independence and integration. In order to ensure security, the blockchain system's information is relatively independent, while the focus of big data is the integrated analysis of information.

(4) Direct and indirect. Blockchain is a distributed ledger, which is essentially a database, while big data refers to in-depth analysis and mining of data, which is a kind of indirect data.

(5)CAP theory. C (Consistency) is consistency, which refers to anyA read operation can always read the result of a previously completed write operation, that is, in a distributed environment, data at multiple points is consistent. A (Availability) refers to availability, which refers to obtaining data quickly and returning operation results within a certain time. P (Tolerance of Network Partition) is partition tolerance, which means that when a network partition occurs (that is, some nodes in the system cannot communicate with other nodes), the separated system can still operate normally. CAP theory tells us that a distributed system cannot meet the three requirements of consistency, availability, and partition tolerance at the same time. It can only meet two of them at the same time. As the saying goes, "You can't have your cake and eat it too." Big data usually chooses to implement AP, and blockchain chooses to implement CP.

(6) Basic network. The underlying infrastructure of big data is usually a computer cluster, while the infrastructure of the blockchain is usually a P2P network.

(7) Source of value. For big data, data is information, and value needs to be extracted from the data. For blockchain, data is an asset and the inheritance of value.

(8) Calculation mode. In the big data scenario, one thing is assigned to multiple people. For example, in the MapRece computing framework, a large task will be decomposed into many subtasks and assigned to many nodes for calculation at the same time. In the blockchain scenario, multiple people are allowed to do one thing repeatedly. For example, many nodes in the P2P network record a transaction at the same time.

2. Popular explanation of blockchain technology

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptographic technology. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next data block.
First of all, it is a special distributed database that is essentially readable and writable. The unit then entered into the database is a "block", which is decentralized.
It doesn’t seem to be easy to understand when explained in this way, so let’s give a simple example.

When we shop on Taobao, because neither the buyer nor the seller knows each other's credit, we need to introduce a third-party platform - Alipay. Alipay is a trustworthy platform. The buyer first gives money to Alipay. After the seller delivers the goods, the buyer receives the money and notifies Alipay, who then lends the money to the seller. In this way, there is no need to worry about credit issues in the transaction.

3. What is the essence of blockchain

Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed database, which is a combination of distributed data storage, multi-center point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and Encryption algorithms and other technologies are used in the InternetInnovative application model of the era.
In layman’s terms, the blockchain can be compared to a “ledger”. The traditional ledger is "centralized accounting" by one party. This new "accounting book" can be participated and shared by multiple parties on the Internet. Each participant can "accounting" and back up, and each backup is a "block". Each "block" is linearly connected to the next "block" in chronological order, and its structural characteristics make the record impossible to be tampered with and forged.
For example, if you are the one doing the accounting at home, and your parents give you a salary and let you record it in the account book, then because you are the only one keeping the accounting, you secretly spend more than ten yuan. Maybe they won't know, but now it's your parents who keep the accounts with you, so whether it's your father who wants to buy cigarettes secretly or you who want pocket money, every move will be clearly recorded in the account book.

4. What is the meaning of blockchain?

Blockchain is a shared database. Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computers. New application models of technology.

Blockchain does not belong to any industry. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Features

Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.