区块链技术的研究进展论文,区块链技术的研究进展情况

1. Development of blockchain technology

To understand the development of blockchain technology, first of all, everyone needs to understand what blockchain is.

Blockchain is actually not difficult to understand. “Blockchain” is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a data transmission method like the Internet. It’s just that the blockchain has been upgraded and innovated, and has integrated many new technologies, such as cryptography, distributed storage, smart contracts, consensus algorithms, etc., giving it unique advantages.

It can also be regarded as a cluster database. The information and data stored in it have the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces", "traceable", "open and transparent", "collective maintenance", etc. feature. Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

Although blockchain originated from Bitcoin, in essence, blockchain is also one of these Internet protocols. It can be said to be a new innovation for existing Internet protocols. method of data transmission. Its advantage is that it can use data transmission as the basis to change the existing traditional third-party-centered trust endorsement model.

The unique feature of blockchain is its decentralization, which is also the most important feature of blockchain. The so-called decentralization is to remove the center and make it belong to the center. The rights of the roles are decentralized, and users can freely conduct peer-to-peer transactions.

2. The future development prospects of blockchain

1. Blockchain has become the forefront of global technological development and opened up a new track for international competition. Blockchain will become a new key infrastructure to further accelerate the development of the digital economy, lead a new round of global technological and industrial changes, and become the "source" of technological innovation and model innovation. The world's major developed countries will further pay attention to blockchain technology, intensively introduce relevant policy plans, increase industrial support and guidance, and enhance the competitiveness of their country's blockchain technology and industry.
2. The digital currency bubble gradually cools down. With the spread and popularization of the concept of blockchain technology, more and more people will realize that Bitcoin is not the same as blockchain, and various air coins will be gradually eliminated. Blockchain technology innovation will return to a more rational track. Technical features such as decentralization, multi-party collaboration, and anti-calculation tampering will be highly valued by relevant industries. Some industries with strong innovation capabilities will continue to emerge with blockchain applications that have been transformed based on industry characteristics.

3. What is the development status of my country’s blockchain technology?

Domestic blockchain technology has now been conceptualized from the very beginning and has now been applied to actual business scenarios. Among them, for example, Vonetracer traceability system of Wanglian Technology, their blockchain traceability technology has been applied to actual agricultural products..

4. What is the future prospect of blockchain

Looking forward to the innovative development and technological changes of blockchain technology, we need to maintain a prudent, objective, rational and pragmatic attitude. Neither can we take it for granted that blockchain can be applied in all financial scenarios because of its revolutionary and disruptive nature; nor can we stop moving forward because the current technology is immature and lacks the constraints of industry standard consensus.

Blockchain can effectively solve the pain points and problems in complex scenarios with long business chains, many participants, and severe information asymmetry in the traditional financial field, but it is not suitable for some unilateral and high-frequency financial businesses. .

Therefore, the development of blockchain technology is not to completely replace the existing Internet underlying protocols and financial infrastructure, but to selectively develop in parallel according to applicable conditions, while constantly solving the inherent problems that exist in the initial stage. In the process of natural technological defects, we are facing the picture of social evolution brought about by technological change.

As the underlying technology of future financial technology, blockchain has strong strategic significance. In terms of future exploration of financial technology, the domestic financial industry should strengthen top-level design, accelerate the development, practice and application of blockchain technology, actively participate in international cooperation in blockchain finance and the creation of international blockchain alliances and standards, in order to strive for international The commanding heights of financial strategy, enhance my country's financial core competitiveness, and enable finance to better serve the real economy.

Difficulties in the development of blockchain

Blockchain technology is still in the early stages of development, and its application in various industries, especially the financial field, has not yet been fully realized. There are many problems and difficulties.

First of all, there is a lack of unified technical standards. The underlying technology of blockchain is immature and not yet unified, and most platforms still lack performance and security.

Secondly, there is a lack of reliable cases in practice. Although the current largest blockchain application, Bitcoin, has a maximum market capitalization of over US$300 billion, further testing of blockchain technology is needed if it is to carry large-scale transactions worth trillions of US dollars per day.

Thirdly, the replacement cost of the platform is relatively high. For traditional financial institutions, the investment cost of infrastructure for blockchain technology application is too high, and the risk of migrating original business to a new platform is relatively high, so institutions are not very willing to start over.

Finally, there is a lack of talent resources. The market lacks cross-border talents who understand both finance and blockchain, and domestic blockchain technology reserves and innovations as well as the development of related industries require a large number of comprehensive talents.

5. Do you know the three important stages in the history of blockchain development?

As blockchain technology matures, blockchain technology has made significant progress in the financial field. results. Whether they are investors, practitioners in related financial fields, or technology practitioners, they are all very concerned about blockchain. Many people or platforms have begun to devote themselves wholeheartedly to it, using blockchain technology to create a new financial system, and have achieved impressive results.

IfIf you have studied blockchain, maybe you have a deeper understanding of blockchain. Since the birth of blockchain, it has experienced three stages of changes in terms of application. There have been important developments and inventions at every stage of blockchain technology, and blockchain technology has only existed for a small portion of the Internet's time, so there are likely still important developments to come.

The first technical stage

Bitcoin has been running since 2019. The main technology supporting the Bitcoin system includes hashing Technologies such as functions, distributed ledgers, blockchain, asymmetric encryption, and workload proof constitute the initial version of the blockchain.

At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature, the conservative tendency within many organizations is still obvious, and the use of centralized technology and processes in the market to make profits Intermediaries that collect revenue, equipment providers are also hyping up the concerns it may bring.

Second market phase

In early 2013, the price of Bitcoin began rise. In November of the same year, a U.S. Senate hearing clarified the legality of Bitcoin, and the price of Bitcoin rose sharply. But at this time, the blockchain has not yet reached the mainstream social and economic foundation, but its price has risen beyond expectations. At this time, the market opened up the visibility of Bitcoin and blockchain, but despite this, they still did not gain universal acceptance to a certain extent.

The third mainstream stage

Bitcoin, which is an alternative to the mainstream economy, began to recover. Market demand increased and transaction scale expanded rapidly. It also opened up the bull market of 2016-2017. . The enrichment effect of Bitcoin and the spillover effect caused by the congestion of the Bitcoin network have led to the explosive and crazy growth of other virtual currencies and various blockchain applications. At this time, it triggered a crazy global pursuit to make Bitcoin and blockchain a complete global vision.

In 2020, although the epidemic has dealt an important blow to our economy, the hot development of Bitcoin and blockchain tells us that they It is creating opportunities and driving related development. Just like the recent price of Bitcoin is close to 30,000 US dollars, such a market has brought surprises to many people, and it has also promoted the development of exchanges. After all, exchanges are the only way to buy Bitcoins. Its popularity is also It has brought good profits to exchanges, such as Huobi and Saturn Exchange, which have refreshed their historical trading volumes many times due to this bull market. In fact, no matter which industry develops, it will always drive multiple industries. After all, many things are always closely related.

6. Blockchain technology is nowWhat are the development prospects?

Research strength has increased and research results have been significant

As of the end of 2019, the number of blockchain research institutions in my country has reached 97. In addition, domestic universities have deployed blockchain technology research, strengthened the innovation of blockchain technology theoretical knowledge, and improved the blockchain technology research and development capabilities of universities. By the end of 2019, there were 24 universities in my country participating in strengthening blockchain technology research and development. The core technologies are mainly distributed in the aspects of consensus algorithm, cross-chain, underlying architecture and multi-chain.

The blockchain industry will be further standardized in 2020

In 2020, my country's blockchain policies will continue to be favorable, standards and regulations will be more perfect, industry scale will continue to grow, technology will continue to innovate and develop, and application demonstration effects in key areas will accelerate. At the same time, based on the problems existing in the development of my country's blockchain in 2019, CCID Blockchain Research Institute proposed to speed up top-level design and formulation, establish a sound regulatory system, accelerate core technology innovation and research and development, promote third-party evaluation and certification, strengthen professional talent training, and accelerate promotion Six suggestions for implementation in various fields.

——The above data comes from the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.

7. What is the development trend of China’s blockchain in 2021

Looking forward to 2021, the top-level design of my country’s blockchain will be further improved, and application standards for various industries will gradually be established and the development direction From technology leadership to market penetration; blockchain integration applications have begun to be implemented in many fields such as finance, supply chain, government affairs, etc., and the industrial scale will show rapid growth. However, many problems currently faced by the development of blockchain in our country still need to be focused on and started to be solved or alleviated in 2021. For example, the independent innovation capabilities of core technologies still need to be further strengthened, security issues and talent gaps need to be improved urgently, and integrated applications The scene still needs to be explored in depth. Therefore, CCID Research Institute proposed to accelerate the construction of the blockchain ecosystem, improve standards and regulations, improve the supervision system, strengthen the independent innovation capabilities of core technologies, promote the coordinated development of blockchain and other new technologies, and vigorously cultivate professional talents to achieve The blockchain industry is developing healthily.
Yibaoquan has been committed to the research and development and application independent innovation of blockchain since 2014. It is a blockchain electronics company that has maturely used blockchain technology to solidify and store electronic data and has been recognized by judicial authorities. Data storage and security agency. Through the pioneering "blockchain + judicial + application" model, with blockchain technology as the underlying technology and electronic data storage and preservation as the basis, we have launched intellectual property protection (micro-copyright), electronic contract signing (gentleman's signature), Internet Notary System (Zhongzhengbao) has three application layer brands.
E-Baoquan jointly launched the "Preservation Chain" open platform together with the Notary Office, Arbitration Commission, Copyright Protection Center, CA Organization, etc. At the same time, it has connected with the Guangzhou Internet Court and more than 30 courts led by the Supreme People’s Court.chain. Continuously improving the "blockchain + judicial" ecosystem, Yibaoquan can provide one-stop blockchain security services such as evidence collection, evidence storage, and certificate issuance for different groups.
Currently, it has obtained 15 independent invention patents, 27 copyrights, ISO 27001 information security system certification, Ministry of Public Security Level 3 certification, national double-high enterprise, and the 2018 National Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Industrial Internet Pilot Demonstration Project (the only Blockchain selected projects), and one of the first batch of domestic blockchain information service registration companies by the State Cyberspace Administration of China in 2019.

8. Blockchain technology development status and prospects

Blockchain technology development status and prospects
Blockchain technology originated in 2008 under the pseudonym "China The foundational paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" published by scholar Satoshi Nakamoto on the cryptography mailing group. In the past two years, the research and application of blockchain technology have shown explosive growth. It is considered to be the fifth disruptive innovation in the computing paradigm after mainframes, personal computers, the Internet, and mobile/social networks. It is also the evolution of human credit. The fourth milestone in history after blood relatives credit, precious metal credit, and central bank banknote credit. Blockchain technology is the prototype of the next generation of cloud computing. It is expected to completely reshape the form of human social activities like the Internet and realize the transformation from the current information Internet to the value Internet. Technical characteristics of blockchain

Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, time series data, collective maintenance, programmability, security and trustworthiness. Decentralization: The processes of verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of blockchain data are all based on the distributed system structure. Pure mathematical methods are used instead of central institutions to establish trust relationships between distributed nodes, thus forming a decentralized system. Centralized and trustworthy distributed system; Time series data: Blockchain uses a chain block structure with timestamps to store data, thereby adding a time dimension to the data and having strong verifiability and traceability; Collective maintenance: The blockchain system uses a specific economic incentive mechanism to ensure that all nodes in the distributed system can participate in the verification process of data blocks (such as the "mining" process of Bitcoin), and select specific nodes through a consensus algorithm. Nodes add new blocks to the blockchain; Programmable: Blockchain technology can provide a flexible script code system to support users to create advanced smart contracts, currencies or other decentralized applications; Safe and trustworthy: Blockchain technology adopts The principle of asymmetric cryptography encrypts data, and at the same time uses the powerful computing power formed by consensus algorithms such as workload proof of each node in the distributed system to resist external attacks and ensure that the blockchain data cannot be tampered with or forged, so it has a high safety. Blockchain and Bitcoin Bitcoin is the most successful blockchain application scenario so far. Blockchain technology solves the digital encryption problem for the Bitcoin system.The double-spend problem and the Byzantine generals problem have long been faced in the currency field. Different from the credit endorsement mechanism of traditional central institutions (such as central banks), the Bitcoin blockchain forms software-defined credit, which marks a fundamental change from centralized national credit to decentralized algorithmic credit. In recent years, Bitcoin has relied on its first-mover advantage to form a complete ecosystem and industry chain covering issuance, circulation and financial derivatives markets. This is also the main reason why it has occupied the vast majority of the digital cryptocurrency market share for a long time. The development context and trends of blockchain
Blockchain technology is a universal underlying technology framework that can bring profound changes to various fields such as finance, economy, technology and even politics. According to the current development trend of blockchain technology, blockchain technology will experience the blockchain 1.0 model with programmable digital encryption currency system as the main feature, the blockchain 2.0 model with programmable financial system as the main feature, and the blockchain 2.0 model with programmable financial system as the main feature. The blockchain 3.0 model is characterized by a programmable society. However, the above-mentioned models are actually developing in parallel rather than in an evolutionary manner. The digital cryptocurrency system of the blockchain 1.0 model is still far from mature, and is actually farther and more difficult from its vision of global currency integration. At present, the blockchain field has shown an obvious development trend driven by technological and industrial innovation, and relevant academic research is seriously lagging behind and urgently needs to be followed up. Basic models and key technologies of blockchain
Generally speaking, a blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer and an application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensuses of network nodes Algorithm; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the programmable feature of the blockchain. The foundation; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology. Application Scenarios of Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technology can not only be successfully used in the field of digital cryptocurrency, but also has a wide range of application scenarios in economic, financial and social systems. According to the current status of blockchain technology applications, this article broadly summarizes the current main applications of blockchain into six scenarios: digital currency, data storage, data authentication, financial transactions, asset management and election voting: Digital currency: Bitcoin It represents a digital currency that is essentially generated by a distributed network system, and its issuance process does not rely on a specific centralized institution. Data storage: The characteristics of blockchain such as high redundancy storage, decentralization, high security and privacy protection make it particularly suitable for storing and protecting important private data to avoid accidents.Large-scale data loss or leakage caused by attacks on centralized institutions or improper permission management. Data authentication: Blockchain data is time-stamped, jointly verified and recorded by consensus nodes, and cannot be tampered with or forged. These characteristics make the blockchain widely used in various data notarization and audit scenarios. For example, blockchain can permanently and securely store various licenses, registration forms, licenses, certificates, certifications and records issued by government agencies. Financial transactions: Blockchain technology has a very high degree of compatibility with financial market applications. Blockchain can spontaneously generate credit in a decentralized system and can establish a financial market without the credit endorsement of a central institution, thereby realizing "financial disintermediation" to a large extent; at the same time, it can use blockchain to automate smart contracts and trustworthy transactions. The characteristics of programming can greatly reduce costs and improve efficiency. Asset management: Blockchain can realize the confirmation, authorization and real-time monitoring of tangible and intangible assets. Intangible asset management has been widely used in intellectual property protection, domain name management, points management and other fields; tangible asset management can be combined with Internet of Things technology to form "digital smart assets" to achieve distributed authorization and control based on blockchain. Election voting: Blockchain can implement applications such as political elections and corporate shareholder voting in a low-cost and efficient manner. At the same time, voting can be widely used in fields such as gambling, prediction markets, and social manufacturing. Existing issues with blockchain technology
Security threats are the most important issues faced by blockchain so far. Among them, blockchains based on the PoW consensus process mainly face the 51% attack problem, that is, nodes have the ability to successfully tamper and forge blockchain data by controlling more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network. Other issues include the potential threats of emerging computing technologies to crack asymmetric encryption mechanisms and privacy protection issues. The efficiency of blockchain is also an important factor restricting its application. Blockchain requires each node in the system to save a data backup, which is extremely difficult to store the growing mass of data. Although lightweight nodes can partially solve this problem, industrial-grade solutions suitable for larger scales still need to be developed. The Bitcoin blockchain can currently only process 7 transactions per second, and transaction confirmation time is generally 10 minutes, which greatly limits the application of blockchain in high-frequency trading scenarios in most financial systems. The PoW consensus process highly relies on the computing power contributed by the blockchain network nodes. These computing powers are mainly used to solve SHA256 hashes and random number searches. In addition, they do not produce any actual social value. Therefore, these computing powers are generally considered Resources are "wasted", and a large amount of power resources are also wasted. How to effectively pool the network computing power of distributed nodes to solve practical problems is an important issue that blockchain technology needs to solve. As a decentralized distributed system, the blockchain network will inevitably have game relationships of competition and cooperation between its nodes during the interaction process, such as the block interception attack game of the Bitcoin mining pool. The blockchain consensus process is essentially a crowdsourcing process, how to design itAn incentive-compatible consensus mechanism enables self-interested nodes in a decentralized system to spontaneously implement verification and accounting of block data, and increases the cost of irrational behavior within the system to suppress security attacks and threats. There are important scientific questions to be answered in blockchain. Smart Contracts and Blockchain Technology
Smart contracts are a set of scenario-responsive programmed rules and logic. They are decentralized, trustworthy and shared program codes deployed on the blockchain. Usually, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data (such as a Bitcoin transaction) in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. . Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution (such as reaching a specific time or occurrence of a specific event, etc.), response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met. Smart contracts are of great significance to blockchain technology. On the one hand, smart contracts are the activators of the blockchain, giving flexible and programmable mechanisms and algorithms to the static underlying blockchain data, and laying the foundation for building programmable financial systems and social systems in the blockchain 2.0 and 3.0 eras. On the other hand, the automation and programmable characteristics of smart contracts enable it to encapsulate the complex behavior of each node in the distributed blockchain system and become a software agent robot in the virtual world composed of blockchain, which helps Promote the application of blockchain technology in various distributed artificial intelligence systems, allowing the construction of various decentralized applications (Decentralized applications, Dapp), decentralized autonomous organizations (Decentralized Autonomous Organization, DAO), and Decentralized Autonomous Corporation (DAC) and even Decentralized Autonomous Society (DAS) become possible. The main development trend of blockchain and smart contract technology is from automation to intelligence. The essential logic of various existing smart contracts and their applications is mostly based on "IF-THEN" type conditional response rules based on predefined scenarios, which can meet the current needs of automated transactions and data processing. Future smart contracts should have "WHAT-IF" deductions based on unknown scenarios, computational experiments, and a certain degree of autonomous decision-making functions, thereby achieving a leap from current "automated" contracts to true "smart" contracts. Parallel society driven by blockchain
In recent years, a parallel society based on CPSS (Cyber-Physical-SocialSystems) has emerged, and its coreThe essential characteristics of mind and heart are the interaction and parallel evolution of reality and reality. Blockchain is one of the infrastructures for realizing CPSS parallel society. Its main contribution is to provide a set of effective decentralized data structures, interaction mechanisms and computing models for distributed social systems and distributed artificial intelligence research. And it has laid a solid data foundation and credit foundation for the realization of a parallel society. As far as the basis of data is concerned, management scientist Edward Deming once said: Everyone except God must speak with data. However, in a centralized social system, data is usually in the hands of a "few people" such as governments and large enterprises. It "speaks" for a few people, and its fairness, authority and even security may not be guaranteed. Blockchain data is stored in highly redundant distributed nodes and is in the hands of "everyone", enabling true "data democracy". In terms of the basis of credit, centralized social systems will inevitably have the characteristics of "Mertonian systems" due to their high engineering complexity and social complexity, that is, uncertainty, diversity and complexity, which are the center of social systems. Institutions and rule makers may behave dishonestly due to individual interests; blockchain technology helps realize a software-defined social system. Its basic idea is to eliminate centralized institutions and convert unpredictable behaviors into programmed codes of smart contracts. The form is deployed and solidified in the blockchain data in advance, and cannot be forged or tampered with afterwards and is executed automatically. This can, to a certain extent, transform the "Merton" social system into a "Newton" that can be fully observed, actively controlled, and accurately predicted. "Social system. The ACP (Artificial Societies, Computational Experiments and Parallel Execution) method is the only systematic and complete research framework in the field of parallel society management so far. It is the logical extension and logical extension of complexity science in the parallel social environment in the new era. Innovation. The ACP method can be naturally combined with blockchain technology to achieve blockchain-driven parallel social management. First of all, mechanisms such as blockchain's P2P networking, distributed consensus collaboration, and contribution-based economic incentives are themselves natural modeling of distributed social systems, in which each node will act as an independent and autonomous agent in the distributed system. Agent. With the improvement of the blockchain ecosystem, the consensus nodes of the blockchain and increasingly complex and autonomous smart contracts will form DAC and DAO in specific organizational forms by participating in various forms of Dapp, and ultimately form DAS, which is the ACP. artificial society. Secondly, the programmable nature of smart contracts allows the blockchain to carry out various "WHAT-IF" types of virtual experimental design, scenario deduction and result evaluation. Through this computational experiment process, optimal decisions are obtained and executed automatically or semi-automatically. Finally, the smart assets formed by the combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things make it possible to connect the real physical world and virtual cyberspace, and through the virtual and real interaction of real and artificial social systemsand parallel tuning to achieve collaborative optimization of social management and decision-making. It is not difficult to predict that in the future, when all physical assets in the real physical world are registered as smart assets on the chain, the blockchain-driven parallel society will arrive.