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㈠ What are the future development prospects of blockchain technology?

Blockchain is a technology. “In the simplest and most popular terms, blockchain technology is the human People keep accounts, or distributed ledgers.”
In the Internet era, there is a database behind every system. This database can be regarded as a large ledger. In the past, the people who maintained the system were responsible for managing the database and recording users. The behavior of the system is bookkeeping, and the blockchain is "decentralized", which allows every member of the system to participate. Not only does everyone keep accounts, but through the link, everyone can have a complete ledger.
"Blockchain is essentially a collective recording method. What is special is that it uses a unique set of technologies to achieve the authenticity and credibility of the recording results, which is difficult to destroy and cannot be tampered with." Zhang Xiaorong said, " First, everyone has the right to record and authenticate each other to distinguish authenticity. This is called a consensus mechanism; second, no one can tamper with records because there is a cryptographic signature; third, everyone has a copy, so even if there is a ledger If it is damaged, the whole will not be affected. This is called distributed storage. The information recorded in this way is presented in blocks according to the time chain, so it is called blockchain."
Each currency represented by Bitcoin This encrypted digital currency is originally an application of blockchain technology, which can be said to be version 1.0 of blockchain. But around 2014, the industry began to realize the important value of blockchain technology. Blockchain was gradually separated from digital currency and applied to various economic and social fields other than digital currency.
Broad application prospects
Blockchain technology is considered a disruptive innovation after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. If steam engines and electricity have liberated productivity, and the Internet has changed the way information is transmitted, then blockchain, as a machine that builds trust, will likely change the way value is transmitted.
For example, in the financial field, the cost of reconciliation, clearing, and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, has always been very high, and there are complex manual processes. However, blockchain technology has data that cannot be tampered with and is traceable. Its application can help reduce the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment services, and make small-amount cross-border payments possible. In December 2017, China Merchants Bank completed the transfer of RMB positions from Hong Kong Wing Lung Bank to Wing Lung Bank Shenzhen Branch. This is the world’s first inter-bank cross-border RMB clearing business based on blockchain technology.
In addition, according to the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, the application of blockchain has extended to many fields such as medical health, education, charity, and social management. . Taking the cultural industry as an example, intellectual property protection has always been a pain point in the industry due to low copying costs, high rights protection costs, and difficulty in providing evidence. With the blockchain, the records of the production, dissemination, and transactions of cultural products are authentic, transparent, credible, and verifiable, and the problem can be easily solved.
Cheung Hsiao-rong said that blockchain technology solves two major problems in the digital economy era.Question: First, the flow direction is visible, and second, there is zero trust cost. In the past, the circulation of physical banknotes was invisible, but the flow of all digital assets has a "chain" that can be checked. Yang Yanchao, a researcher at the Intellectual Property Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that the biggest advantage of blockchain is that it truly completes the construction of credit in an anonymous society and brings new opportunities to many fields, thus making various innovative applications possible.
There is a long way to go for future development
In terms of technology promotion, there are not too many barriers to blockchain. This has been proven in the global practice of Bitcoin. The main resistance still comes from conceptual and implementation obstacles.
"On the one hand, society may be very concerned about the 'naked' state in the blockchain. The blockchain builds a 'Skynet' for the business society, and all the company's economic activities are recorded, so there is no There is no secret at all, and such business strategies may not be implemented under the blockchain."
"On the other hand, the current legal system lags behind the development of information technology. How can the emerging blockchain technology be placed under the law? It needs to be studied under supervision." Duan Yongchao said.
The core of blockchain is decentralization, which will have an impact on the central management model that has been formed in society for a long time. In addition to laws, how to establish a regulatory environment that can promote the application of blockchain technology so that the technology can benefit society and not be used for evil is also an urgent problem to be solved.

㈡ Research on energy blockchain and dual-carbon strategy｜Nuclear energy and coal are crucial to achieving carbon neutrality

Nuclear energy and coal are crucial to achieving carbon neutrality

The European Union decided to allow some natural gas and nuclear energy projects to be "green labeled", but this move was criticized by some European countries. At the same time, according to the “Fit for 55” climate package released by the European Union, some related common sense issues have also become very important.

Currently, energy accounts for nearly 10% of European consumer spending. If we propose an energy transition approach without careful consideration, the social costs of carbon neutrality will increase further. The EU seems to have been trying to build a carbon-free economy without considering whether the technology and processes are feasible, and the costs that EU companies and consumers will need to bear.

01

The instability of the European energy system has led to a delay in the carbon neutrality process

In 2021, the EU region will have many problems in the structure of the power and raw material supply chain. Power outages occurred in many countries due to higher-than-expected energy demand due to a temporary decline in renewable energy efficiency. Declining wind and photovoltaic energy production has led to rising demand for other energy sources such as natural gas and coal. This, coupled with Russian supply restrictions to Europe, caused natural gas prices across Europe to reach new highs last year. In this context, it is puzzling that negative information about nuclear energy continues to emerge, which must be part of the renewable energy mix if we are to achieve carbon neutrality.

Germany has spent hundreds of billions of euros and implemented "energy reform" policies for more than 20 years. By 2021, Germany's largest source of electricity will still be coal (bituminous coal and lignite). Poland will most likely learn from this approach when it realizes its energy transition, and the process of transitioning from coal to other energy sources will also need to be further extended.

European companies do need cheap energy right now. Because EU companies must have access to enough electricity to remain competitive in Europe, supply diversification must be at the heart of the energy transition. Many big events will happen in the energy field in 2021, and people have different opinions on this. I wonder whether Europe can realize that without a differentiated strategy, more energy-intensive companies and factories will close down. Because they cannot afford long-term losses, these companies will lose their international competitiveness and expand the scale of layoffs, which will have a very far-reaching impact on society.

02

Increase the market purchasing power of natural gas

Under this situation, if the EU wants to increase its purchasing power in the natural gas market, it must take relevant measures to ultimately control natural gas. Investment development in trade.

At present, natural gas power generation accounts for one-fifth of the EU's total electricity demand, making it the most ideal transitional fuel after nuclear energy. Unlike renewable energy sources, the production of natural gas is not dependent on the weather and can enhance the stability of the energy mix. In addition, natural gas systems have shorter start-up times than coal power plants, so they are better able to adapt to fluctuations in energy demand.

But in recent years, the EU has become more dependent on natural gas imported from Russia, which is used by many industrial equipment and power plants.

The EU needs to discuss whether it is possible for Europe to unite to purchase natural gas wholesale, which will help further stabilize relations with Russia and maintain the internal stability of smaller member states.

More importantly, the potential of natural gas as a transitional fuel cannot be fully realized if the necessary infrastructure is not developed. Investing in new liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) terminals can help the EU diversify its natural gas supply, open up its energy market, strengthen international cooperation, get rid of its dependence on Russian natural gas, and be in an advantageous position during negotiations for joint natural gas purchases. In addition, increasing the number of natural gas storage facilities and increasing storage capacity can cope with the impact of rapid growth in natural gas consumption.

At the same time, we should also use modern coal power units as backup resources to make them useful in special circumstances. If, as is currently the case, the natural gas system becomes an investment project, starting the natural gas system will help keep natural gas prices stable.

03

The energy mix of the future

As we all know, the green transition cannot be reversed. However, until emission-free green energy (renewable energy, hydrogen and nuclear energy) can guarantee low prices and stable and continuous supply, we should build a system that does not produceenergy mix that creates economic instability.

Nuclear energy is very stable, green and pollution-free. We must build and regularly maintain nuclear power plants to ensure our economic development and increase the amount of renewable energy available. At present, nuclear energy accounts for 70% of France's energy structure, making it one of the economies with the lowest carbon emissions in Europe.

In the process of Europe's energy transformation, each country will implement relevant measures according to its own capabilities, and energy market integration will play a very huge role, which will help maintain energy prices in the European market at a stable and reasonable level. level. We must therefore encourage European policymakers to use better methods of setting targets so that they remain viable in the future.

National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People’s Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

㈢ Block What are the future development prospects of blockchain technology?

Five major aspects of the growth potential of the blockchain industry promote the healthy development of technology

Basic overview analysis of blockchain

Blockchain technology as a The technical solution for collectively maintaining a reliable database in a decentralized manner has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-proof, and high scalability. It is becoming another technology that will shape the future after big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other technologies. Emerging technologies that have had a major impact are expected to propel mankind from the era of information Internet to the era of value Internet.

The United States, Japan and some countries and regions in the European Union have elevated the development of blockchain to an important national development strategy and vigorously promoted the research and development, application and promotion of blockchain technology. Our country also attaches great importance to blockchain technology innovation and industrial development. With the joint participation of IT and other companies, a large number of new companies, new products, new models, and new applications have emerged. Blockchain has been widely used in finance, government affairs, energy, and medical care. Applications in other industries are gradually unfolding, and it is becoming an important force driving technological product innovation and industrial transformation in various industries.

Blockchain development is divided into three stages, namely Blockchain 1.0 represented by Bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and Blockchain 2.0 represented by smart contracts. , is currently gradually moving towards the blockchain 3.0 stage, which is based on blockchain technology and has in-depth application of more complex smart contracts.

Statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year

Since 2016, the frequency and amount of investment and financing in my country’s blockchain field have increased dramatically. According to statistics from the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in the Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the financing amount in the blockchain field was approximately 10.7 billion, a year-on-year growth rate of 1,426 billion compared with the same period in 2017. %; The number of investment and financing events in the blockchain field reached 205. It is expected that investment in the blockchain field will usher in another peak this year.

From the perspective of the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China’s blockchain field,Start-up investment rounds (before Series B) account for more than 95%. Pioneers from many industries participate in the investment, and most companies are still competing for land.

Blockchain investment and financing statistics and growth from 2014 to the first half of 2018

Data source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

my country attaches great importance to the development and application of blockchain technology. Driven by multiple forces such as policy, technology, and market, the pace of blockchain innovation continues to accelerate, and it is deeply integrated with technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things. The scope of explored applications has also expanded from digital assets to supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing, Expand and expand in more fields such as industrial Internet, social welfare, copyright protection, etc.

Five major aspects strive to promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and promote the high-quality development of the digital economy

1. In-depth research and grasp of blockchain technology and industry development trends. Pay close attention to the latest trends in international development, jointly promote blockchain-related technology and industry research, promote the standardization of blockchain development industry behavior, and create a good development environment.

2. Strengthen the construction of core technical capabilities of blockchain.

Establish and improve a collaborative promotion mechanism among key enterprises, universities, and research institutions, guide IT enterprises to strengthen technical reserves, accelerate breakthroughs in key core technologies, and improve blockchain performance, efficiency, and security.

3. Support entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of blockchain

Encourage blockchain enterprises and user units to carry out cross-border integration, guide industry organizations to establish public service platforms, and support third-party institutions Carry out blockchain service evaluation and testing, promote rich industry applications of blockchain, and serve the transformation and upgrading of the real economy.

4. Actively build and improve the blockchain standard system

Accelerate the development and application promotion of key standards, and gradually build a complete standard system. Actively connect with international standards organizations such as ITU and ISO, substantially participate in more international standardization work, and actively contribute more "Chinese power."

5. Accelerate the improvement of the policy environment for blockchain development

Support qualified enterprises to carry out application innovation and model innovation, guide and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate blockchain Professional talents needed for chain development. Support qualified blockchain companies to enjoy the country’s preferential tax policies that support the development of the software industry and small and medium-sized enterprises.

The industry is small but has huge growth potential

The blockchain economy is currently on the eve of an explosion. It is widely used in the financial industry, and applications in other industries have also entered the exploration and research and development stage. It is expected that the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US$410 million to US$7.68 billion between 2017 and 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. It is expected that various blockchain-based extended businesses will reach US$100 billion in 2020.

Industrial application fields continue to expand

The financial industry is the first to apply blockchain technology, and many financial applications have been implemented; the medical industry is an important area of ​​blockchain application.It can better protect privacy, improve service quality and management efficiency; the demand for blockchain in social forensics is rising rapidly to solve certification problems caused by information asymmetry; the application of blockchain technology in other fields such as communications and supply chain Expand rapidly.

㈣ Be wary of the monopoly of blockchain by elites to prevent the emergence of the "digital divide"

Public measures should be taken to ensure that everyone can take advantage of blockchain, a pioneering foundation for social and economic development. Facility potential.

According to local media reports on August 1, this is a suggestion made by the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), the EU advisory body, in its new report on blockchain.

Blockchain and Europe’s epoch-making invention

EESC stated in its new report that it will encourage European institutions to actively participate in blockchain activities.

The committee pointed out that the successful implementation of new digital infrastructure based on blockchain is not purely a matter of technological development, but a "perfect process of disruptive social innovation."

Giuseppe Guerini, EESC member and President of Cecop-Cicopa Europe, compared the historical importance of blockchain technology to landmark inventions on the European continent.

“We can compare blockchain to the invention of the printing press. We know that the first printed book was the Bible. Now, imagine if people thought of the printing press as just Tools that could print the Bible, that would be inaccurate, because printing technology revolutionized life in Europe."

Preventing the emergence of the "digital divide"

EESC Approved Block The wide range of applications of blockchain in the social enterprise field include donations and fundraising for non-governmental organizations; governance of social and economic organizations; digital, verifiable qualifications and diplomas; smart contract-driven intellectual property management; telemedicine and agriculture – these are just a few An example.

However, regarding the development of this technology, the EESC is focused on ensuring that its development is supported in an equitable manner through the necessary measures. Guerini said:

“We don’t want to see the digital divide causing more inequality and unfairness. We don’t want to see a new elite emerge, and we don’t want those who are familiar with new technologies to end up Others are excluded from the economy and markets.”

To this end, the EESC believes that the participation of civil society is crucial to ensure that this decentralized technology does not lose its democratic potential. The report notes that given the technology's use in different countries, there is a need to harmonize regulation of the industry across the EU.

As early as February 2018, the European Commission launched the EU BlThe ockchain Observatory forum is known as an important step for the EU economy to move towards blockchain.

Prevent blockchain from being monopolized by elites? It sounds like it means something, such as Libra, which has recently made global regulators uneasy. In the development of new technologies, large enterprises may indeed be one step ahead due to their advantages in capital and talent. However, given the open and transparent nature of blockchain, only the so-called "elites" will participate.

This article comes from Babbitt

For more exciting information, please visit the financial website (www.jrj.com.cn)

㈤ Block How does blockchain empower digital city construction | Blockchain classroom

Cities are actively embracing blockchain, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other digital technologies to accelerate urban economic growth and improve urban life quality and environmental sustainability. Sustainable development capabilities. The digital transformation of cities also provides a good experimental field for the value mining and application of blockchain technology.

The construction of a digital city not only requires city-wide coverage of connected devices, but also needs to consider the collection of full-process data and automation of decision-making. The data on the blockchain has the advantages of being difficult to tamper with, safe and trustworthy, and can help the construction of digital cities in the following aspects:

The blockchain adopts a distributed storage structure, so each node in the system All data on the system is stored, making the data open, transparent and easy to manage. At the same time, cryptographic technologies such as privacy computing integrated in the blockchain can achieve safe sharing of data without leaking data privacy, or by setting access permissions, authorized nodes can obtain corresponding data to ensure data security.

Thanks to the distributed network structure, even if a single or a small number of nodes fail, the entire blockchain network can still operate normally, greatly reducing the risk of system failure due to network attacks or technical problems. Compared with traditional cities, digital cities rely more on technology. Improving system stability will also help maintain the normal operation of digital city life.

Digital city innovation case empowered by blockchain

Dubai’s digital city project integrates blockchain, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence Smart and other new digital technologies are committed to making Dubai "the happiest city in the world".

A major innovation in Dubai Digital City is to strive to realize the on-chain operation and management of all government data transactions in 2021, and realize the electronicization of an average of 100 million paper-based processes per year. This blockchain-enabled digital reform is expected to save process management costs worth US$1.5 billion, save 25 million hours of process processing time, and reduce 114 million tons of carbon emissions. In addition, the Dubai government is working with many blockchain companiesActively cooperate, focus on key areas, and implement multiple blockchain application cases.

The European Commission also recognized the importance of blockchain in reforming government services, and established the European Blockchain Partnership in 2018, covering local law enforcement agencies, national governments and the private sector in Europe. enterprise. The Commissioner of the European Commission’s Department of Digital Economy and Society is also confident in the value of blockchain technology in digital city construction and stated: “We believe that all public services in the future will be built on the infrastructure of blockchain.”

For example, the government of South Tyrol in Italy has used blockchain technology to digitize citizen data. Residents only need to register basic personal information once to enjoy services provided by different government departments, streamlining government affairs processing procedures, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

At the same time, based on blockchain technology, Estonia has built a national health information electronic system. Through this blockchain platform, doctors can easily query patients' blood tests, recent treatments, X-ray examinations and other related data with authorization. Patients can also clearly check their medical records, prescriptions issued by doctors and other information. The characteristics of data on the blockchain, such as being difficult to tamper with and fully traceable, can ensure the security and integrity of the data on the platform.

Wanxiang Blockchain has also begun active exploration in blockchain-enabled digital city construction, using blockchain to integrate new digital technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence to build a safe and trustworthy digital base. And through technologies such as private computing, knowledge graphs, digital twins, and distributed business incentives, we can manage production and life in a more refined and dynamic way, forming a smart, low-carbon, and comfortable resilient city with technology integration, comprehensive application, and high-end development. Help build a harmonious urban ecology with economic prosperity, job happiness, and sustainable development.

Wanxiang Blockchain is committed to building a digital city that “truly understands you”. Through the integration of blockchain and new technologies, a trusted digital base is built to allow every resident to have an exclusive digital avatar. Truly gain data sovereignty and enjoy a safe and comfortable urban life without having your privacy protected from prying eyes.

㈥ Will the regional chain be a "new continent" with multiple layouts?

Every new thing is like a "new continent", containing opportunities. Although the development of blockchain is still in its early stages, both international and domestic, governments and markets have taken frequent actions.

Investing in the future has always been a consistent feature of large domestic Internet companies. In terms of blockchain, Tencent has explored areas such as supply chain finance and digital asset protection; Alibaba and JD.com have focused on transparent supply chain systems to combat counterfeit and shoddy products...

“Blockchain is just a The technology itself is not mysterious, and its value can only be reflected when it is truly implemented in industrial scenarios. An important factor in determining the future of the blockchain is the degree of integration with the real economy.How much has the environment for industrial integrity development improved, and what problems will it solve for the real economy? ”Yu Jianing said.

㈦ What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models?

What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and finance? Model? Joining the EU and NATO is just a picture given by the West to satisfy hunger. In fact, at least at the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and before Russia and Ukraine fail to completely resolve the border issue, the relationship between the EU and NATO is, for Ukraine, Dreams are just sweet dreams! In Zhuang Ci’s view, the positioning of basic subject research centers should be high enough and can be built on the basis of research institutes or universities with good foundations. The government should provide sufficient and stable support funds, a kind of The ideal operating model is to refer to Japan’s “World Top International Research Center (WPI)” plan.

㈧ Blockchain information on July 22: Musk holds Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin< /p>

1. Tesla CEO Elon Musk said at The Word conference that it makes sense to support something that can improve the quality of information we manage the economy. Bitcoin is a candidate product. We need to be wary of cryptocurrencies , especially Bitcoin consumes too much energy. Musk said: “In general, I support Bitcoin.

2. Tesla CEO Elon Musk said at The Word conference that he personally owns Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin. Musk said: "I may buy, but I won't sell, I want to see Bitcoin succeed." In addition, he revealed that Tesla and SpaceX hold Bitcoin. It is reported that because SpaceX is privately held, it was not previously known that the space exploration technology company also held some cryptocurrencies.

3. Golden Finance reported that Tesla CEO Elon Musk said at The Word conference that neither Tesla, SpaceX nor I will sell any Bitcoin. Tesla will likely continue to accept Bitcoin payments. Musk said that it seems that Bitcoin is turning more to renewable energy, with a trend of switching to more than 50% renewable energy. In this case, Tesla will resume accepting Bitcoin. In addition, Musk said that he is a fan of decentralized finance.

4. Cathie Wood, founder of ARK Fund, said at The Word conference: “Bitcoin is the solution to inflation. I really believe that Bitcoin will definitely be better than gold mining or the traditional financial services industry. Greener. In many ways, it already is.”

5. Ethereum developers have been working hard to resolve issues with code and clients on testnets in anticipation of the next major network upgrade— Get ready for the London upgrade. On July 21, Ethereum chief developer Tim Beiko released a "London Testnet Review" report, detailingIntroducing the latest progress in the testing phase of the upcoming Ethereum upgrade. According to reports, OpenEthereum clients noticed their nodes stopped functioning on the Ropsten testnet on July 21. After investigation, the problem is not with this client, but with the go-ethereum protocol and the Geth client, which checks the sender balance of the EIP-1559 transaction. It is reported that some clients rejected the block at the time, while others accepted the block and continued processing: "Specifically, OpenEthereum and Besu rejected the transaction/block, while Nethermind, go-ethereum and Erigon accepted them." The issue was later fixed by adding new assertions to the validity of EIP-1559 transactions, and testing continues. It is reported that the test was first activated on the Ropsten test network on June 24; earlier this month, the Rinkeby test network also launched the final testing phase.

6. Tesla CEO Musk said that modern nuclear power plants are safe and supports the use of nuclear energy to generate electricity to mine Bitcoin.

7. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is working on a "phased rollout" of India's central bank digital currency (CBDC) — a digital rupee, possible in the future, T Rabi Shankar, deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India, said on Thursday. Conduct a pilot. The Reserve Bank of India defines CBDC as a digital form of sovereign currency that can be converted into cash or sovereign-backed deposits. The Reserve Bank of India has taken several deliberations on the scope and legal framework of the proposed CBDC, which is likely to co-exist with cash and digital forms of payments. The time for India’s CBDC is approaching. The Reserve Bank of India has carefully assessed the risks and the RBI's efforts are that as we move forward, India's CBDC can reaffirm its leadership in the world's payment systems. The RBI has taken a closer look at several aspects of launching a universal CBDC, including: what it can be used for; the technology underpinning it (distributed or centralized ledger); the basis for verification (token or account-based); and whether it will be used only by Is it issued by the central bank or by commercial banks? There are also several enabling legal frameworks that need to be considered before launching a CBDC. Importantly, these include amendments to Sections 24, 25 and 26 of the RBI Act, as well as provisions of the Coinage Act, 2011, the Foreign Exchange Management Act and the Information Technology Act. The RBI has been exploring the pros and cons of issuing an Indian sovereign CBDC for a long time. The RBI looked at the purpose-specific CBDCs proposed by different central banks around the world for the wholesale and retail sectors. The launch of a population-scale universal CBDC is being considered, and the Reserve Bank of India is working on a phased introduction strategy and looking at use cases with little disruption to the Indian banking and monetary system. Shankar added that things like BitcoinCryptocurrencies do not meet the RBI’s definition of currency, and one reason why central banks around the world are trying to use CBDC is that they want to minimize the risks cryptocurrencies pose to the fiat economy.

8. Sources say JPMorgan Chase is allowing all of its wealth management clients to access cryptocurrency funds. The bank told advisers in a memo earlier this week that as of July 19, they can now accept buy and sell orders for five cryptocurrency products, four from Grayscale Investments and one from Osprey Funds. The move applies to all JPMorgan Chase clients seeking investment advice, including the bank's proprietary clients who use its commission-free Chase trading app and whose assets are managed by financial advisors affiliated with JPMorgan Advisors, according to a person familiar with the matter. of mass affluent clients, as well as the ultra-affluent clients served by the private bank. JPMorgan advisors can only perform “unsolicited” crypto trades, meaning advisors cannot recommend products but can buy and sell on behalf of clients at their request. According to sources, the funds approved by JPMorgan include Grayscale’s Bitcoin Trust, Bitcoin Cash Trust, Ethereum Trust and Ethereum Classic Trust, as well as Osprey funds’ Bitcoin Trust.