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⑴ Why choose REDBI
Why is REDBI said to be able to solve the chaos in the cryptocurrency trading market? First of all, REDBI has powerful technologies: G and C cache queuing technology, high-level account encryption, unique K-line... to ensure that the customer experience is safe, stable and efficient. Secondly, REDBI also has an international organizational structure and operation team: executive directors from the UK, I.T technical managers from India, and risk control managers from South Korea... which can better ensure the stable operation of the platform. Of course, the above are also inseparable from the support of BRDBI's strategic partners. REDBI focuses its strategic partners on the international market. Strategic partners such as Forbes, ABC, and CoinDesk bring us financial resources, advanced technology, and management experience to enhance the core competitiveness of corporate technological progress and the ability to expand domestic and foreign markets.
Having these is of course not the only reason for customers to choose us with peace of mind. REDBI has been certified by the world's authoritative organizations - Dun & Bradstreet, Standard & Poor's, Nasdaq, Fincen, each of them Certification represents REDBI’s responsibility to the cryptocurrency market and customers.
The way we understand and transform the world is constantly changing, and technology is the biggest driving force. Therefore, REDBI is fully committed to the trend of blockchain technology, hoping to make our contribution to changing the world.
⑵ Blockchain and Bitcoin (1)
Blockchain is a technology that has been proposed by academic circles for a long time but has only become popular with Bitcoin in recent years. a concept. Bitcoin is an implementation based on blockchain technology. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, or a digital currency. Let’s start with Bitcoin and talk about how Bitcoin uses blockchain technology.
Suppose that during the 2006 World Cup finals, two football fans who did not know each other met. Italy was playing France. The French fans said that France will definitely beat Italy with Zidane. The Italian fans were unconvinced and said that we Italy is invincible. If you don't believe it, let's bet 100 euros. In the real world, what should we do?
I have said before that we who work on computers spend more than 90% of our time dealing with abnormal situations. If humans were very trustworthy, the world might not be what it is now. The 600 miles that Qin promised King Huai of Chu were no longer 6 miles. Maybe it would be Chu who unified China. If you hand over the money to a third party, what if the third party also runs away? He stole the money. Therefore, in the real strange world, relying solely on a kind heart is unreliable. There must be means to firmly guarantee this commitment, legal contract, etc. Nowadays, a very common approach is for the third party to find an authoritative institution, such as the government, a bank, etc., or to find a reputable person or organization. In the final analysis, it is still to find an institution or person with credibility. But under normal circumstances, this third party will definitely"Yan Guo Plucking" charges a certain percentage of handling fees.
So is there any way to solve this problem? This is one of the original intentions of Bitcoin's original design, to solve the trust problem between two strangers.
Encryption algorithm + multi-person accounting
Let’s talk about the encryption algorithm first. Here we need the asymmetric encryption I mentioned before, that is, the public key and private key. Everyone can have one or more pairs of public and private keys, but a public key can only have a corresponding private key, and vice versa. The principle is that two very large prime numbers (p and q) are multiplied to get a number (n). If you want to crack the private key based on the public key, you must theoretically crack it violently and figure out which two large prime numbers the number is multiplied by. Got it. Currently, there is no published private key in the world that can crack more than 1024 bits, so it is very safe to use a private key of 1024 or 2048 or even longer.
Then with the public key and private key, I as an individual can encrypt with the private key, and then publish the public key. Anyone can use my public key to decrypt to determine that this is what I published. . In the same way, when someone transfers money to me, I can also use his or her public key to decrypt it and determine that this is someone's identity. This is also called a digital signature. The principles are the same, they are all encryption algorithms, obtained by using mathematical Euler's formula, prime number multiplication and other principles. This is a very great algorithm called RSA, proposed by three mathematicians. As long as we ordinary people understand the concept and use of public keys and private keys.
In the previous traditional model, banks or government agencies had their own separate ledgers. For example, if Zhang San transferred 100 yuan to Li Si, how would it be recorded in the ledger? 100 is deducted from Zhang San’s account and 100 is added to Li Si’s account, right?
The same is true for multi-person ledgers, except that the previous centralized institution has become a distributed, decentralized multiple institutions and even individuals. For example, Li Bai transferred 100 taels of silver to Du Fu. In the past, the Ministry of Finance kept accounts. In the blockchain, Tang Taizong, Yang Yuhuan, Zhang Xiaojing, He Zhizhang and many other people kept accounts together. It was recorded that Li Taibai transferred 100 taels of silver to Du Zimei. , as evidence, with Li Bai's seal attached at the back. In this way, with multiple ledgers, it would be extremely difficult to tamper with them. Li Bai could safely transfer them to Du Fu without worrying that he would tamper with the amount or deny it.
This can solve the problem of fans betting mentioned at the beginning, but there is another question, why should others help us keep accounts?
The answer is to be paid, which is in line with human nature. Otherwise, who would be willing to help keep an account that has nothing to do with them?
But there is only one person who can ultimately keep accounts, otherwise everything will be in chaos.
On the premise that it is beneficial, how to ensure who will keep the accounts? There is a mathematical knowledge involved here. Everyone who wants to keep accounts,In fact, the so-called miners must solve a mathematical problem when accounting for money. There is no trick to this mathematical problem. They can only be calculated by putting the numbers into the formula. The algorithm is a Hash algorithm, similar to After calculating a string of numbers, miners can only guess and have no other choice. Moreover, the current probability of guessing in Bitcoin is one in a trillion. It would take an ordinary computer to guess this number continuously for about a year.
But there are thousands of computers in the world, and if they are calculated together, the speed will be much faster, because from a probability point of view, one computer will definitely calculate it, and this is indeed the case. Let’s look at a real-life example of Bitcoin.
In addition, you can also see who the Miner is and how many transactions (Number of Transactions) are included in this block.
What if this miner is an individual with ulterior motives, and after calculating the calculation, he tampered with the transfer record and amount privately?
A. Tampering with transaction records/amount
We introduced the public and private key encryption technology earlier. The miners themselves theoretically do not have the private keys of the sender or payee. Therefore, the transaction record that he tampered with will make errors when decrypted with the correct public key, and will eventually be deemed illegal (the author is not sure at what point in time the identification was made, but he is sure that this record can be falsified) ).
B. Delete transaction records
Assume a scenario where Zhang San wants to buy a two-bedroom, one-living house in Beijing’s 4th Ring Road, but Zhang San doesn’t want to pay for it. Occupying the house for free, I thought of a sneaky way to tamper with the transaction records. Theoretically, after Zhang San paid, this record was generated but not confirmed. The record needs to wait until a miner solves the puzzle. Assuming that the miner is one of his own, he asked the miner to erase the record. There is no problem. . But there are several ways to do it:
As we all know, Bitcoin mining takes a long time because of the troublesome math problems. The current cycle is about 10 minutes. This is based on the world Under the premise that hundreds of thousands of mining machines are working at full capacity at the same time. That is to say, tens of thousands of transactions will be uniformly confirmed and put into an immutable block every ten minutes, and these hundreds of thousands of mining machines will update their local records at the same time.
2.1 If the transaction is just generated and the landlord sees it, and then transfers the property rights to Zhang San the next second, then if Zhang San wants to tamper with the payment record, he must meet several conditions:
The difficulty of success depends on how many confirmed blocks follow the tampered record. If onlyThere is one, so it is too simple, because the blockchain algorithm defaults to miners using the first received longer block when publishing a new block. So after this modification, it will be done once and for all, because all the ledgers will be synchronized, but there is also a problem, that is, this synchronization will be recorded. If the landlord cannot check the account, Zhang San will eventually be arrested. If there are many, for example, after Zhang San transfers the money, the landlord only transfers the property rights 1 hour after confirming the transfer, then Zhang San must tamper with the previous block information of about 6 blocks, which is very troublesome, because every block All will point to the previous block, and each block will have a digest (Hash), which is a summary of all transaction records in the current block. So if you try to modify a block that was written a long time ago, the digests of subsequent blocks will be changed. This is the hash tree (MerkleTree). Other nodes can report information that the blockchain has been tampered with. This involves the most important point. The 51% computing power that is often mentioned means that if Zhang San owns more than 50% of the ledgers and acknowledges this modification, then other nodes will also acknowledge this modification according to the algorithm design. . However, let’s not talk about the fact that almost no one in the world can do the above two things at the same time. Even if you can do it, if someone has questions about this, you can still force the system to be repaired. Similar problems have occurred in Ethereum before, and the outcome is Ethereum Entire blocks were tampered with and stolen property was recovered. Ethereum fork event.
The above is only a superficial introduction to the characteristics of Bitcoin implemented by applying blockchain technology. It can achieve openness, fairness, neutrality and equality. Any two strangers in the world can rely on Bitcoin or other blockchain technologies to trust each other.
⑶ What is "blockchain"
Blockchain technology is a technology that jointly maintains reliable databases through decentralization and elimination of trust. Four keywords can be used to describe blockchain technology: trust reduction, decentralization, collective maintenance and reliable database.
When we talk about the concept of "blockchain", Bitcoin is definitely a topic that will not be ignored. In recent years, Bitcoin has begun to enter the public eye, especially in 2017, which has continued to skyrocket throughout the year, making many people aware of this emerging thing.
Blockchain is actually the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin exists because people on the Internet who don’t know each other can move and trade digital currency through the Bitcoin network. And this is driven by blockchain technology. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain ledger. To a certain extent, in the application of Bitcoin, the blockchain plays the role of the underlying database of the bank transaction system. Both are for "keeping accounts". Although it is not very prudent to refer to the blockchain directly as a "database", for the sake of ease of understanding, let's temporarily call it a decentralized, shared and encrypted database. If described in professional terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology.
BlockChains can usually be divided into the following types:
1. Public blockchain. Anyone can access data on a public blockchain, and anyone can issue transactions waiting to be written to the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to miners in Bitcoin at the time) maintain the security of the database through cryptography and built-in economic incentives.
2. Collaborative blockchain. The nodes participating in the blockchain are pre-selected, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof-of-work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among a hundred financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than two-thirds of the institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be either public or shared internally by these node participants.
3. Private blockchain. The participating nodes are only individual users, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Most of the internally used blockchain technologies announced by some financial institutions recently are vague and may fall into this range.
The blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. Anyone can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily discover whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.
In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.
The concept of being verifiable by everyone is crucial to blockchain.
Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.
So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?
In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:
1. Decentralized domain name server, namely domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.
2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.
3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.
4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.
But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.
The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.
Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.
In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in Bitcoin.Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions waiting for verification into hash values, and charge a certain amount of Bitcoin as a service fee.
Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.
I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.
Supplement
Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.
Bitcoin has shown the world that blockchain technology is feasible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technological transformation of Bitcoin or the introduction of a completely Different blockchain technologies. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. But Bitcoin is still the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.
Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.
In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.
| What is Blockchain
Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links". Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.
It is generally believed that blockchain hasIt has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:
Since each block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a specific period of time, each block is equal and has a single area. The damage of blocks does not affect the overall security of the system, so the blockchain has decentralized characteristics.
Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness.
Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .
Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? Is it a disruptive new technology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, ranging from one or two years to four to five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect all aspects of the economy and society.
| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system
In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.
Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. Like many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu resisted it at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.
Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless features of the blockchain are fully utilized, what else will the intermediaries of financial institutions do? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.
In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.
| Subverting FinanceSystem, blockchain still faces two mountains
Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides. The more prominent the advantages, the more obvious the defects. It’s just a different perspective. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.
First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution. Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralization feature of blockchain is destined to only play a role in specific fields (that is, fields that are not suitable for centralization). How can it subvert everything?
Furthermore, it is a matter of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. Here comes the problem. Each block retains all transaction information. There is no problem on a small blockchain. However, as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and will also bring information. Dramatic increase in storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.
Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.
As a conclusion, Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify that blockchain, as a conceptual innovation, does have great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant and the golden mean", in the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.
(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)
As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of its information. Next block.
I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.
If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.
To understand what this word means, you need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center, and all these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan coupons at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.
Golden Yuan Coupons
This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, making it very difficult to illegally modify the ledger through mathematical methods. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.
Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called a block chain.
After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.
For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If its processing volume is one day comparable to that of Alipay, the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 terabytes per year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?
For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
In layman’s terms, it is playing mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the banker, and each other can shoot four people. They all have their own ledger records, but if you want to modify the ledger, you must control 50%The above modification permissions, so the cost of cheating on your account is very high.
In the future, blockchain will be used more in finance to combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and in culture it can be used for copyright protection, etc.
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I have seen a lot of people’s explanations of blockchain in official terms, and some may not even be clear to the person explaining it. I will explain blockchain in vernacular below to ensure that everyone can read it. Gotta understand.
What is blockchain? Let me give an analogy. In 50 years, you can buy an electric fan from the supermarket. This electric fan will automatically mine coins for you when it is blowing. You can mine coins automatically while using the electric fan. When you use this electric fan, When the fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to repair the electric fan. Of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand. When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, they can be paid through membership fees or service fees. Such small fees or other ways to make profits. Just like this, the mined coins can be purchased and repaired. Although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.
And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.
Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient. It is equivalent to upgrading on the basis of the Internet, making it safer and more convenient. This is blockchain! It's that simple.
The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain is impossible to change. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.
At present, the blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, a truly valuable blockchain Internet will be hatched. company.
The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .
1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.
2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.
3. Everyone works on the same blockchain, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission and tampering with the blockchain is prohibited. It is difficult to operate in terms of computing power.
If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is an accounting behavior:
Anyone can verify this public ledger, but there is no single The user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.
(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. node, which is equivalent to changing the database record; (consensus mechanism, cryptography)
(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp the time Stamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)
(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)
p>(4) Storage, the account book is stored in blocks. As transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain to form a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology) < /p>
(5) Backup, every participating trader is a node of the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.
Features
1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.
2. Close to zero trust cost.
The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long. For example, Taobao often takes several years to build its credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.
3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.
PassIf traditional assets are to be used for transactions, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging and endorsement, and the fees and thresholds are extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.
The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.
Blockchain, simply put, is the underlying technology that supports ICO (virtual currency). The popular Bitcoin is an application of ICO. In other words, the connotation of blockchain is richer, and its main features are:
1. Blockchain is equivalent to digital trust. Both parties to the transaction can independently enter into digital contracts, and companies providing blockchain services are equivalent to Digital trust company;
2. The purpose and characteristics of blockchain are "3 de-intermediaries" - de-intermediation, de-currency, de-sovereignty; yes
3. Bitcoin is An application of blockchain, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and all blockchains apply digital encryption technology;
4. The "3 Go" feature is targeted at the financial industry, and only when high frequency is required Blockchain is only needed in the financial field of transactions;
5. Large platforms with a user base are more suitable for applying blockchain, and small companies’ participation is of little value, so Zuckerberg’s 2018 New Year’s wish includes To study digital cryptocurrency. Kodak also launched a digital currency, sending its stock price soaring.
Furthermore, when it comes to Bitcoin, it can be cashed out and exchanged into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, and they can also use Bitcoin to purchase real-life items. In this sense, Bitcoin is similar to the world's currency, close to gold.
Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and an early investor in Facebook, believes that Bitcoin is "undervalued" by people and compares it to gold. He said: "If one day Bitcoin becomes the online equivalent of gold, then it will have room for appreciation."
But on January 3, the "People's Daily" published an article saying, "Whether it is from The increase can still be seen from the value of the currency itself. There is a bubble in the price of Bitcoin. This is an issue that needs no discussion." Data show that in the past 2017, Bitcoin has skyrocketed and plummeted: within a year, the price skyrocketed about 20 times, and in one day It fell more than 40% within the period.
Indeed, Bitcoin has risks. However, blockchain with richer connotations obviously still has greater room for development.
Last night, screenshots of Xu Xiaoping, founder of ZhenFund, encouraging the embrace of the blockchain revolution in an internal group were posted online. In his view, the blockchain revolution has indeed arrived. “I strongly encourage everyone internally to embrace the blockchain revolution and learn blockchain technology. This is my understanding after long-term observation and thinking. I feel the responsibility to tell our entrepreneurs. I don’t want me toViews on blockchain have been misunderstood as views on ICOs. ”
However, in the context of Internet companies and investment institutions collectively entering the market, the government will definitely take measures.
Recently, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has expressed concerns about this and shelved the proposal of two American companies to launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).
In fact, this is a matter of time. Because of the blockchain The "3 go" characteristics are inherently contradictory to government centralization.
⑷ Yuxi Java Training School tells you about the consensus algorithm in blockchain technology
About We have shared some explanations and knowledge point analysis of blockchain technology with you many times. Today, Yuxi java course http://www.kmbdqn.cn/ will learn more about the consensus algorithm in blockchain technology Some basic definitions and characteristics.
A brief look at blockchain
The chain in our general ideology is an iron chain , made of iron, one link after another. Figuratively, the blockchain can also be understood in this way, except that it is not made of iron, but is connected by blocks with a certain data structure. It is a simple prototype
Popular explanation of consensus
The so-called consensus, in layman’s terms, means that we all agree on something It means reaching a consensus of understanding. For example, in daily meetings to discuss issues, or to judge whether an animal is a cat. After looking at it with the naked eye, we feel that it looks like a cat. If it meets the characteristics of a cat, then we think it is a cat. Consensus is a A rule.
Continuing our meeting example. People participating in the meeting discuss and solve problems through meetings.
< p>Compared with the blockchain, miners participating in mining use a certain consensus method (algorithm) to make their own ledger consistent with the ledgers of other nodes. The deeper meaning of keeping the ledger consistent is to make the area in the chain Block information remains consistent.Why is consensus needed? Is it possible? Of course not. Without the rules of consensus in life, everything will be chaotic. Without consensus in the blockchain According to the rules, each node does its own thing and loses its consistent meaning.
The corresponding relationship between these two examples is as follows:
< p>Meeting people = mining minersMeeting = consensus method (algorithm)
Talk about the solution in hand Problem = Make your own ledger consistent with the ledgers of other nodes
If you don’t understand the concept of a node, please first understand it as a miner. A node contains many roles. Miners are one of them.
Consensus algorithm
At present, in the blockchain, the common consensus methods (algorithms) used by nodes to keep their own ledgers consistent with the ledgers of other nodes are as follows:
PoW, represented by Bitcoin (BTC)
Disadvantages:
Mining pool The emergence of decentralization violates the original intention of decentralization to a certain extent, and also makes 51% attacks possible, affecting its security.
There is a huge waste of computing power. Look at the mining pool that consumes a lot of electricity resources. As the difficulty increases, what is mined is not enough to pay the electricity bill
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PoS, represented by Ethereum (ETH), transitioning from PoW to PoS
Disadvantages:
< p>The cost of attackers attacking the network is very low, and they can compete if they own tokensIn addition, nodes with a large number of tokens will have a greater probability of obtaining accounting rights. This will make the network consensus dominated by a few wealthy accounts, thereby losing fairness.
⑸ The difference between big data credit reporting and traditional credit reporting
8. Market value
With the rapid development of Internet finance , all mutual gold platforms are blooming, and risk control has become the top priority of each platform. According to 91 credit statistics, 45% of borrowers have multiple debts, and 29.96% have bad debts on more than 4 platforms. When various mutual financial platforms need data for effective risk control, they cannot get more effective data. Supported by data.
According to the 2015 statistical report of the Credit Reference Center of the People's Bank of China, the database of the Credit Reference Center of the People's Bank of China contains 850 million natural persons, of which 350 million have credit records and the remaining 500 million have blank credit. However, private financial institutions do not upload data to the People's Bank of China Credit Information Center like traditional banks, and the data of private financial institutions are also different from each other, resulting in the dilemma of "information islands".
91 Credit Information uses distributed database solutions and adheres to the principle of "no uploading, no saving, and real-time updating" to connect the data of private financial institutions, break the problem of "information islands" between institutions, and form 91 Credit Information Alliance realizes information exchange among private financial institutions.
9. Product address
91 credit peer credit report: http://www.91zhengxin.com/instryReportV.do
10. Affiliated companies
Beijing Xiaocui Times Information Service Co., Ltd.
11. Company Introduction
Beijing Xiaocui Times Information Service Co., Ltd. was founded in January 2012. It is a technology company dedicated to using technology to solve data problems in the financial field.
In June 2015, the company gained market and capital recognition with its innovative non-performing asset disposal plan, and was awarded the prestigious international venture capital institution JingweiChina’s tens of millions of angel round financing, in October of the same year, the product 91 Credit Information, which is dedicated to deeply solving financial risk problems and credit data sharing issues, was officially launched.
In February 2016, the number of users of 91 Credit Information Enterprises exceeded 200. During the same period, it completed Series A financing, with Matrix Partners China participating in the investment. By the end of 2016, the company achieved full profitability.
In May 2017, the company completed tens of millions of Series B financing invested by Yinzhijie. The new financing will accelerate the realization of 91 Credit Information’s vision and is committed to changing credit information through the Internet, providing shared technology for financial service institutions, and comprehensively reducing risks in the financial industry.
The core team of 91 Credit Information is composed of financial personnel from CreditEase, Internet, and JD.com. It is headquartered in Beijing, China, and has business departments in Shanghai and Shenzhen. At present, the company's business has expanded to Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shijiazhuang and other regions.
As the second part of the overall event, on October 25, 2017, Data Ape will also hold the "2017 Financial Technology Value - Data-driven Financial Business Fission" summit in Beijing with a scale of 1,000 people [this time Forum Details丨Review of the First Session丨Review of the Second Session] will hold an award ceremony for articles, cases, and products on site.
⑹ An easy-to-understand explanation of blockchain
An easy-to-understand explanation of blockchain
The explanation is as follows
1. Blockchain is a blockchain, three times Fang is not sure whether you want to ask about quantum computing.
2. The three logics are different, and there is a slight feeling of common promotion. 5G solves the problem of wireless transmission speed, and is many times faster than 4G.
3. The predecessor of blockchain is PPP protocol, which is a point-to-point transmission protocol. It is used to solve the congestion problem of central nodes. Quantum computing that improves download speed breaks through Moore's Law and can solve the limit of computing speed in a limited space. question.
⑺ What are the properties that a blockchain system should have
In a blockchain system, it is necessary to describe ownership, protect ownership, store transaction data, and distribute ledgers to untrusted parties. In the environment, adding transaction records to the ledger and deciding which ledgers determine the truth.
Bitcoin is a very typical blockchain system, you can study it carefully
