区块链技术的架构有五个层面是什么,区块链技术的架构有五个层面分别是

⑴ What is the architecture of blockchain?

First of all, you need to know that blockchain is a new type of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Application model, secondly, Jinwowo Group believes that the structure of the blockchain system is composed of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

1. Data layer: encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies

2. Network layer: includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.;

3. Consensus layer: mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including economic Incentive issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism, etc.;

4. Contract layer: It mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the basis for the programmable features of the blockchain; currently Jinwowo in Southwest China has It took the lead in starting big data research with blockchain as the underlying technology, and also provides big data services with blockchain as the underlying technology.

5. Application layer: It encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology

⑵ What are the three levels in the blockchain technology architecture

The three levels in the blockchain technology are as follows:

Protocol layer

The so-called protocol layer refers to the lowest level technology. This level is usually a complete blockchain product, similar to the operating system of our computer. It maintains network nodes and only provides APIs for calling. Usually the official will provide a simple client (commonly known as a wallet). The function of this client wallet is also very simple. It can only create an address, verify the signature, transfer payment, check the balance, etc.

Extension layer

This layer is similar to a computer driver and is designed to make blockchain products more practical.

The application layer

This level is similar to various software programs in computers. It is a product that ordinary people can use directly. It can also be understood as a B/S architecture. The browser side of the product. Applications at this level are currently almost blank.

⑶ What layers does the blockchain technology system consist of

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and Application layer composition.
Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology bodyThe system mainly includes the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain; the application layer encapsulates various aspects of the blockchain Application scenarios and cases. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

⑷ What is the structural layer of the blockchain?

The blockchain has a total of six hierarchical structures. These six hierarchical structures from bottom to top are: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer.

Data layer - The data layer is the lowest layer of the six-level structure of the blockchain. We can understand the data layer as a database, but for blockchain, this database is an immutable, distributed storage database, which is the so-called distributed ledger.

Contract layer - The contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms, and smart contracts, and is the basis for blockchain programmability. The smart contract we are talking about belongs to the contract layer. If the Bitcoin system is not smart enough, then the smart contracts proposed by Ethereum can meet many application scenarios. The principle of the contract layer is mainly to embed code into the blockchain system and use this method to implement customizable smart contracts. In this way, on the blockchain system, once the terms of the smart contract are triggered, the system can automatically execute the order.

Network layer - the network system of the blockchain is essentially a P2P (point-to-point) network. Point-to-point means that there is no need for an intermediate link or centralized server to control the system. Everything in the network Resources and services are allocated to each node, and information can be transmitted directly between the two nodes. However, it should be noted that P2P (peer-to-peer) was not invented by Satoshi Nakamoto. Blockchain just incorporates this technology. Therefore, the network layer of the blockchain is actually a particularly powerful peer-to-peer network system. In this system, each node can both produce and receive information, just like sending emails. You can write your own emails or receive emails sent to you by others.

Application layer - The application layer is the various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. The blockchain+ we are talking about now is the so-called application layer. The blockchain applications that have been implemented so far are mainly various blockchain applications built on public chains such as ETH and EOS, and there are many applications in gambling and games. A truly practical blockchain application currently has the world's first IoT application invested by CoinBank.

Consensus layer - In the world of blockchain, consensus simply means that the entire network must maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system according to a unified and agreed-upon rule. Similar to the rules for updating data. Let highly dispersed nodes operate in a decentralized blockchain networkEfficiently reaching consensus in the network is one of the core technologies of the blockchain and also the governance mechanism of the blockchain community. The current mainstream consensus mechanism algorithms include: Bitcoin’s Proof of Work (POW), Ethereum’s Proof of Stake (POS), EOS’s Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS), etc. The three layers of data layer, network layer and consensus layer ensure that there is data, network and rules on the blockchain.

Incentive layer - The incentive layer is the so-called mining mechanism. The mining mechanism can actually be understood as an incentive mechanism: how much you contribute to the blockchain system, how much reward you can get. This incentive mechanism can encourage nodes throughout the network to participate in data recording and maintenance on the blockchain.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only “blockchain technology workstation” approved by the “Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation” carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. "Technical Professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

⑸ Let you quickly understand the technical model architecture of blockchain in 1 minute

Blockchain technology is not a single technology, but a combination of multiple technologies that are innovative. As a result, it is essentially a weakly centered, self-reliant underlying architecture technology.
The blockchain technical model includes the data information layer, the consensus layer of the transmission layer, the incentive layer, the contract layer and the network layer from top to bottom. Each layer has an important role, and different levels cooperate with each other to build a value transfer system that goes to the management center.

The characteristics of the data information layer are that it cannot be forged, fully backed up data, and completely fair (data information, management permissions, coding), and its algorithm design is a blockchain, including blockchain headers and blocks material. The blockchain header consists of three sets of blockchain databases. One set of databases is the parent blockchain hash value, which is used to connect the block to the previous block in the blockchain. The second set of databases is the Merkle root. An algorithm designed to effectively summarize all transactions in the blockchain; the three sets of databases are the difficulty target, time format and Nonce related to the production of the blockchain.

The transport layer encapsulates technologies such as P2P network mechanism, dissemination and authentication mechanism. In the transport layer, new transactions are broadcast to major websites. Each node will include the received transaction information in a blockchain, and each node will try to add it to its own blockchain. Find a proof of workload with sufficient difficulty. When a node finds a proof of workload (qualified to package the blockchain), it broadcasts the program (newly packaged blockchain) to major websites. When And only if all transactions included in the block are valid and have not existed before, other nodes will recognize the validity of the block and indicateThe method of acceptance is to follow the end of the block, create a new block to add to the chain, and treat any hash of the accepted block as any hash of the new block. value.

The consensus layer encapsulates various consensus algorithms of nodes, which is the key technology of the blockchain, because this determines the formation of the blockchain, and the accounting decision-making method may affect the entire system. Software safety and stability. At present, more than ten consensus mechanism algorithms have been produced, among which the well-known ones are the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), the easy-to-use Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm (PBFT), the proof-of-interest mechanism (POS), and the equity authorization proof mechanism.

The encouragement layer includes an offering system and an incentive system. Simply put, the incentive system is to encourage nodes to participate in maintaining the optimal operation of the blockchain system in a balanced economic manner, to avoid falsification of the general ledger, and to maintain the driving force for the operation of the blockchain network in the long term.

The contract layer has the characteristics of a programmable controller, which mainly includes smart contracts, consensus algorithms, scripting, and coding. It is the basis for the characteristics of a blockchain programmable controller. Insert the code into the blockchain or dynamic password to implement a customizable smart contract, and under certain specific constraints, it can be executed automatically without going through a third party, which is trustworthy in the blockchain. Basic.
The network layer encapsulates various application fields and examples of blockchain, which is very similar to computer applications and portals on computer browsers. It deploys blockchain core technologies on things such as Ethereum. , EOS and implemented in practice.

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⑹ What are the blockchain technology frameworks

The current mainstream blockchain architecture includes Six levels: network layer, data layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. The positions of the data layer and the network layer are reversed in the figure, and their main uses will be detailed in the next section.
Network layer: The essence of the blockchain network is a P2P (Peer-to-peer) network. The resources and services in the network are scattered on all nodes. The transmission of information and the implementation of services are directly between the nodes. It can be carried out in a short period of time without the intervention of intermediate links and servers. Each node both receives and generates information. The nodes synchronize information by maintaining a common blockchain. When a node creates a new block, it notifies other nodes in the form of broadcast, and other nodes receive the information. The block is then verified and a new block is created based on the block, thereby achieving the role of the entire network jointly maintaining an underlying ledger. Therefore, the network layer will involve the design of P2P network, propagation mechanism, verification mechanism, etc. Obviously, these designs can affect the confirmation speed of block information. The network layer can be used as a research direction in the scalable solution of blockchain technology.;
Data layer: The underlying data of the blockchain is a block + linked list data structure, which includes data blocks, chain structures, timestamps, hash functions, Merkle trees, asymmetric encryption and other designs. Among them, data blocks and chain structures can be used as improvement directions for data layer research in the scalable solution of blockchain technology.
Consensus layer: It is the basis for highly dispersed nodes to achieve rapid consensus on the validity of block data. The main consensus mechanisms include POW (Proof Of Work) and POS (Proof of Stake). Mechanism), DPOS (Delegated Proof of Stake Delegated Proof of Stake Mechanism) and PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), etc., which have always been the highlight of the scalable solutions of blockchain technology.
Incentive layer: It is what everyone often calls a mining mechanism. It is used to design a certain economic incentive model and encourage nodes to participate in the security verification of the blockchain, including the design of issuance mechanisms and distribution mechanisms, etc. This level of improvement does not seem to be directly related to blockchain scalability.
Contract layer: mainly refers to various script codes, algorithm mechanisms, smart contracts, etc. Strictly speaking, this layer is missing in the first generation of blockchains, so they can only conduct transactions and cannot be used in other fields or perform other logical processing. The emergence of the contract layer makes it possible to use blockchains in other fields. has become a reality. This part of Ethereum includes two parts: EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and smart contracts. Improvements at this level seem to provide potential new directions for blockchain scalability, but there seems to be no direct connection in structure
Application layer: It is the display layer of the blockchain, including various application scenarios and cases. . For example, Ethereum uses truffle and web3-js. The application layer of the blockchain can be the mobile terminal, the web terminal, or it can be integrated into the existing server, and the current business server is regarded as the application layer. Improvements at this level seem to provide potential new directions for blockchain scalability, but there does not seem to be a direct connection in structure.
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot of the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

⑺ What are the blockchain architecture designs?

As an implementation of architecture design, blockchain is quite different from basic languages ​​or platforms. Blockchain is the technology behind cryptocurrency. It is one of the popular technologies currently on par with VR and virtual reality. It is not a new technology in itself. It is similar to Ajax. It can be said to be a technical architecture, so we start from the architecture.Let’s talk about the technical implementation of blockchain from a design perspective. No matter what programming language you are good at, you can refer to this design to implement a blockchain product. At the same time, we will sort out the related knowledge maps and systems to help everyone study and research systematically.

In terms of architectural design, blockchain can be simply divided into three levels, the protocol layer, the extension layer and the application layer. Among them, the protocol layer can be divided into the storage layer and the network layer, which are independent of each other but inseparable.

Blockchain Architecture Diagram

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is developed by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China "Smart Learning Workshop 2020-Master's Degree Innovation Workstation" is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.