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⑴ Which cities are selected for digital currency pilot projects?

On January 29, 2017, the central bank officially established the Digital Currency Research Institute. After successfully developing a legal digital currency prototype, the Central Bank Digital Currency Research Institute attempted to deploy institutions in multiple locations across the country and realize financial development technology research results through integration with R&D institutions and industries. In 2018, the Central Bank’s Digital Currency Research Institute settled in Nanjing and Shenzhen. In 2019, the central bank’s digital currency publicly announced that it would be piloted in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Chengdu, and Xiongan.

1. Shenzhen is the largest city in my country with the youngest population. Its diverse and inclusive culture has created the qualities of Shenzhen people who are innovative and dare to be the first in the world. Shenzhen’s mature financial technology ecosystem and developed economic environment also enable it to fulfill the country’s mission of reform and innovation and explore new paths for digital currency development.

2. In 2017, Suzhou Tongji Blockchain Research Institute settled in Suzhou High-speed Railway New City. After two years, the team independently developed the alliance chain "Wutong Chain", becoming the first independent, secure and controllable underlying blockchain platform in China with corresponding technological maturity, and was the first to be successfully used in many fields.

3. Blockchain has also provided a lot of new help in creating Suzhou’s government environment and the field of “delegation, regulation and services”. Currently, Suzhou is working hard to build a demonstration city for typical blockchain applications.
4. It is understood that there are currently 420 blockchain information service companies registered with the State Internet Information Office. Among the 20 registered companies in Jiangsu Province, 6 are in Suzhou. Lay out the blockchain and build a smart city. The waters of Suzhou, the city of koi, in the Yangtze River Delta contain swimming ropes.

5. The digital economy is developing rapidly, and Chengdu has provided strong support for the implementation of the central bank’s digital currency scenario. The earliest paper currency in the world was the "Jiaozi" issued in Chengdu, Sichuan during the Northern Song Dynasty in China. Starting from paper currency Jiaozi, to today’s digital currency DCEP, Chengdu, a city rich in history, has reason to bring digital currency to the world like Jiaozi once did.

6. Xiongan New District, a digital urban forest cultivated from seed, is naturally suitable for the central bank’s digital currency pilot. Xiongan on the top, Shenzhen on the bottom, Chengdu on the left, and Suzhou on the right. We look forward to piloting the central bank’s digital currency in these four places and growing flowers that will spread around the world.

⑵ Blockchain companies cooperate with central banks of many countries to develop CBDC. It is possible for central bank digital currencies to adopt blockchain.

As we all know, the legal digital renminbi uses a centralized ledger based on the UTXO model. The People's Bank of China is responsible for the unified maintenance and management, which is not consistent with blockchain technology, which uses decentralized distributed ledgers as one of its core mechanisms. The use of blockchain technology advantages by blockchain technology companies to participate in the central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a new breakthrough and new application of blockchain technology.

ConsenSys participates in CBDC research and development

It is reported that ConsenSys has announced on its official website"Blockchain Solutions for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)", the article stated that digital currencies can provide cheaper cross-border remittances, improve inter-bank payment settlements, and accelerate retail market innovation. If central banks do not issue their own digital currencies, it will lead to markets relying on "private payment tokens", potentially creating a risk of failure and financial problems for private entities, as private tokens may not be available to everyone, Central bank digital currencies will bring risk-free, widely used alternatives.

Charles d'Haussy said that in 2016, ConsenSys began to work on CBDC through cooperation with the Singapore Monetary Authority and the South African Reserve Bank, and also gradually developed cross-border payment technology business. "Building on this foundation, we are exploring a larger concept - 'programmable money', which can be supported by any CBDC with a token architecture. CBDC is a perfect iteration of electronic cash that can improve the utilization of central bank funds. efficiency, ensuring a more efficient value chain.”

In addition, ConsenSys recently released a compliance service to help exchanges and decentralized finance (DeFi) projects identify possible issues related to Ethereum issuance. Token trading activity related to criminal activity. Lex Sokolin, co-head of global fintech at ConsenSys, said, “More and more people are building decentralized applications, which is part of the puzzle. What we are trying to do is make activities on decentralized financial infrastructure more Safe, transparent and easier to track."

With its strong blockchain technology background, ConsenSys has participated in the research and development of central bank digital currencies in countries such as Australia, France and Thailand, which may integrate blockchain technology with CBDC become possible.

The feasibility of using blockchain technology for CBDC

Regarding the question of whether blockchain, which features a decentralized distributed ledger, can be combined with a centralized central bank digital currency Yao Qian, director of the Science and Technology Supervision Bureau of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, pointed out that whether CBDC adopts blockchain technology is still controversial. A typical view is that the decentralization of blockchain conflicts with the centralized management of the central bank, and it is not recommended for CBDC to adopt it. The technology.

However, blockchain technology is developing at an unprecedented speed and is deeply integrated with various mainstream technologies. Therefore, no matter from a technical perspective or a business perspective, the blockchain in real applications is in line with the "original teachings". The understanding of "ism" is different. How to use blockchain technology to better serve distributed operations under centralized management may be the current direction that CBDC needs to focus on exploring.

Yao Qian believes that although the technical characteristic of blockchain is that it does not rely on central institutions, it does not mean that it cannot be incorporated into the system of existing central institutions. As long as it is properly designed, the central bank can just use it Blockchain will beDistributed operations are effectively integrated to better achieve centralized management and control of CBDC. There is no inevitable conflict between the two. As an emerging technology that may become the future financial infrastructure, blockchain helps achieve distributed operations without affecting centralized management for the dual model of central banks and commercial banks. Bottom-up "exchange" can formulate a new CBDC implementation plan, which also achieves the goal of "centralized management and control, distributed operation".

A digital currency research project announced by the Reserve Bank of Australia is exploring the potential use and impact of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) using distributed ledger technology (DLT).

Under the project, Australia will develop a proof of concept for issuing a CBDC in the form of a token that market participants will be able to use for financing, settlement and repayment on an Ethereum-based DLT platform. Tokenized syndicated loans. The project is expected to be completed around the end of 2020, and various project participants plan to release a thematic report on the project and its key findings in the first half of 2021.

⑶ The central bank establishes a digital currency research institute. What is digital currency and what are its benefits?

The central bank’s establishment of a digital currency research institute can speed up the pace of the central bank’s launch of digital currency.
The "trace" and "traceability" of digital currency can improve the convenience and transparency of economic transactions. Economist Yu Fenghui said illegal and criminal activities such as money laundering and tax evasion are expected to decrease. At the same time, with the application of blockchain technology, a unified ledger will be established across the country and even the world, so that every amount of money can be traced, tax evasion and money laundering will be within the scope of supervision, and it may even be possible to automatically deduct taxes on credit card machines. .
In the future, the digital currency launched by the central bank will become mainstream, and digital currencies such as Litecoin, Bitcoin, and DECENT may be marginalized.

⑷ In which cities are digital currencies being trialled and why are these cities chosen?

In early 2014, the People’s Bank of China established a special research group on legal digital currencies to demonstrate the feasibility of the central bank’s issuance of legal digital currencies. sex. On January 29, 2017, the central bank officially established the Digital Currency Research Institute. After successfully developing a legal digital currency prototype, the Central Bank Digital Currency Research Institute attempted to deploy institutions in multiple locations across the country and realize financial development technology research results through integration with R&D institutions and industries. In 2018, the Central Bank’s Digital Currency Research Institute settled in Nanjing and Shenzhen. In 2019, the central bank’s digital currency publicly announced that it would be piloted in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Chengdu, and Xiongan.

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Shenzhen has supported digital currency research since 2016.

On October 6, 2017, Xiongan New Area Management Committee A special meeting will be held to study the big data management system and mechanism and the basic ideas for the construction of "Digital Xiongan", and fully promote the construction of "Digital Xiongan". Not long after the meeting was held, various companies took notice and worked hard to build Xiongan New Area into a "testing ground" for innovation.

On October 14, 2017, Peng Yijie, vice president of Ant Financial and partner of Alibaba Group, and his delegation went to Xiongan New Area to report on the blockchain construction plan. Peng Yijie’s evaluation of Xiongan New Area was: building blocks The best soil for the chain. On November 8 of the same year, Xiongan New Area held a matchmaking meeting with Alibaba Group. Alibaba and Ant Financial will undertake the construction of the digital Xiongan blockchain infrastructure platform and are expected to be the first to test the waters in the rental scenario.

On November 23, 2017, Tencent and Xiongan New Area signed a financial technology strategic cooperation agreement. The two parties established the Tencent (Xiongan) Financial Technology Laboratory to pilot a big data risk control system in the new area, based on Tencent Cloud’s blockchain services and other financial black technologies.

On April 21, 2018, Hebei Xiongan New Area released the "Hebei Xiongan New Area Planning Outline" proposing to develop high-end high-tech industries and advance the development and testing of blockchain, terahertz, cognitive computing and other technologies. . Blockchain was written into the "Hebei Xiongan New Area Planning Outline". A technology with far-reaching influence and far-reaching influence began to grow together with a rising digital city that shoulders a historical mission.

On June 8, 2018, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology and Xiongan New Area signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The two parties will build a scientific research base in the field of information and communications in Xiongan New Area and provide development strategic planning, standards and policies for the construction of the new area. Formulate and other comprehensive support services, focusing on building a comprehensive service platform for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei high-tech innovation and mass entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration base in the fields of 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, network security, military-civilian integration, and Internet of Vehicles to promote industrial innovation develop.

On June 28, 2018, Xiongan New Area and 360 Group officially signed a strategic cooperation. 360 Group will give full play to its advantages in network security, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technical fields, Provide comprehensive network security services to build a safe and reliable "Digital Xiongan".

On July 23, 2018, China Xiongan Group signed a memorandum of understanding with the blockchain technology company ConsenSys. ConsenSys founder Joseph Lubin and others proposed to China Xiongan Group on how to use blockchain technology. Suggestions, hoping to apply its knowledge and experience in the blockchain ecosystem to Xiongan’s projects and support Xiongan’s innovative development model.

On December 21, 2018, Bank of Communications Hebei Xiongan Branch was unveiled. The branch will rely on the professional R&D team and strong R&D strength of the head office and continue to innovate with financial technology platforms such as financial business processing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data, and cloud computing.The financial business model will make greater contributions to the construction of green Xiongan, smart Xiongan and digital Xiongan.

On May 8, 2019, ICBC Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, opened in Xiongan New Area and became the headquarters of a banking financial technology company located in Xiongan New Area. ICBC Technology and the Xiongan New Area Administrative Committee signed the "Financial Technology Cooperation Memorandum". The Xiongan New Area Administrative Committee officially launched the operation of the Xiongan relocation and resettlement fund management blockchain platform. It will apply ICBC's blockchain technology to realize expropriation and relocation. Full-process on-chain management of original file migration and penetrating fund allocation.

On December 25, 2019, China Everbright Bank and China Xiongan Group Digital City Company jointly built a "Digital Financial Technology Laboratory" in Xiongan New Area, which will be based on the strategic needs and informatization construction of Xiongan New Area. Guide and gradually create a highland for blockchain commercial application research, technological innovation and talent training.

On March 31, 2020, the Xiongan Blockchain Laboratory was officially unveiled. The Xiongan Blockchain Laboratory has three major goals: to become a new highland for blockchain research and application, and to become an open Cutting-edge innovation base, exploring new models of laboratory economy. On the third anniversary of the establishment of Xiongan New Area, the Xiongan Blockchain Laboratory has special significance. This marks that the Xiongan New Area’s blockchain innovation practice has entered the stage of organization and large-scale implementation, marking that the Xiongan New Area’s digital The simultaneous planning and construction of urban and physical cities has opened a new chapter.

Xiong’an New District, a digital urban forest cultivated from seed, is naturally suitable for the central bank’s digital currency pilot. Xiongan on the top, Shenzhen on the bottom, Chengdu on the left, and Suzhou on the right. We look forward to piloting the central bank’s digital currency in these four places and growing flowers that will spread around the world.

⑸ Di Gang: The central bank is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain

On September 10, the 2021 China (Beijing) Digital Finance Forum was held in Lize Financial Business District, Fengtai District, Beijing hold. Di Gang, deputy director of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, delivered a keynote speech at the parallel forum "Blockchain Empowers High-Quality Development of the Digital Economy". He said that the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain. At the issuance layer, a unified distributed ledger is built based on the blockchain, which improves the efficiency of reconciliation; at the same time, the blockchain has certain advantages in solving trust issues, but technical decentralization does not mean management decentralization.

Di Gang believes that the application of blockchain in the financial field mainly includes two aspects: endogenous improvement and external empowerment: in terms of endogenous improvement, there are supply chain finance, agricultural finance, trade finance and general public finance. Beneficial finance and other applications; in terms of external empowerment, financial institutions have also provided better blockchain application services in areas such as smart cities, "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and people's livelihood.

According to reports, the Digital Currency Research Institute has actively strengthened the construction of the blockchain standard system and has led multiple domestic and foreign standardization organization working groups and standardization projects to promote the formulation of blockchain standards.

Regarding the application of blockchain technology, Di Gang proposedFour major principles have been formulated: talk less about subversion, talk more about scenario applications, and use technology to solve industry pain points; be rational and pragmatic, and integrate various mature and advanced technologies to achieve the best results. This is also the starting point for digital RMB research and development to adopt a hybrid technology architecture; technology is neutral Don’t overestimate or underestimate blockchain. Solving problems is the starting point for applying blockchain technology.

In order to empower the high-quality development of digital finance, Di Gang believes that the current blockchain can achieve breakthroughs in eight aspects, including increasing basic theoretical research, mastering core technologies, and formulating core technical standards.

⑹ The central bank established a digital currency research institute. What is digital currency and what are its benefits?

The digital currency developed by the central bank has such a definition: it represents a specific amount guaranteed and signed by the central bank. encrypted digital string. From a broad perspective, digital currency covers a wide range of aspects, including electronic currency, virtual currency and legal digital currency. But strictly speaking, the digital currency developed by the central bank specifically refers to legal digital currency.

Electronic currency is the digitization of legal currency, including our common bank cards, online banking, electronic cash, Alipay, etc. No matter what form they take and which institutions they circulate through, their initial source is legal tender issued by the central bank.

In contrast, virtual currency is the electronic version of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, Tencent Q coins and other game currencies, etc., these virtual currencies are mainly limited to circulation in specific virtual environments; another example is Bitcoin, which uses blockchain technology to better solve the problems of decentralization and trust. It has achieved global circulation and is sought after around the world. In other words, virtual currency can only be circulated in closed networks, while digital currency can be used for real goods and service transactions, but only digital currencies issued by the state are legal digital currencies, and Bitcoin is a non-legal digital currency.

The digital currency studied and issued by the central bank refers to the digital renminbi. According to the plans of various countries, it is a legal encrypted digital currency. It is a currency in itself and not just a payment tool. The purpose of the digital currency issued by the central bank is to replace physical cash, reduce the cost of issuance and circulation of traditional banknotes, and improve the convenience and transparency of economic transactions.

Hope to adopt

⑺ Is China Blockchain Social Research Institute a state-owned enterprise?

No. China Blockchain Social Research Institute is not a state-owned enterprise, but a private enterprise. China Blockchain Research Institute Co., Ltd. was established in 2018 and is located in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. It is an enterprise mainly engaged in organizations that cannot be classified.

⑻ Is there a war for blockchain to grab people?

Blockchain has become a hot trend. Although focusing only on the trend will often lead to the loss of a forest, any change in the trend will lead to the birth of new products. New bonus. At this time, the word "change" spread rapidly: investment institutions, hedge funds, listed companies, academia, top technical personnel, and ordinary job seekers were all involved. A large number of newly established investment institutions poured into this vigorous investmentIn the feast, competition for talents has also become a key to the current layout of the blockchain. So, who loses and wins in this game?

Funds rush to enter: tens of millions of yuan in financing is no longer surprising

How fast does capital rush enter the blockchain market? ?

“The most popular programming languages ​​​​for blockchain development are C++ and Go, and talents who are proficient in cryptography and distributed computing also have innate advantages for blockchain development. "Ding Song said, "I have never studied blockchain, but I have studied and studied in this area for a long time." Regarding the newly entered blockchain training institution, Ding Song revealed that the salary offered by the company is also very "special." : In addition to a small fixed salary, there is a floating bonus of 0.1 to 0.35 Bitcoins every month. When recruiting, "having speculated in coins" has become a bonus.

“Using Bitcoin as a salary, to put it bluntly, even the salary is full of uncertainty, just like this industry. I feel that I am still young and can take a gamble, but I don’t see much of the future. Clear." In Ding Song's view, the popularity of a new thing will naturally be mixed with irrational bubbles, but what can survive in the end must be something truly valuable. However, what is the chance of winning if you invest blindly?

⑼ Blockchain Technology Research Center

The Blockchain Technology Application Research Center is an institution directly affiliated with the Blockchain Technology Application Research Institute.
The Blockchain Technology Application Research Institute was established in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province under the policy guidance of the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Science and Technology.
Initiated by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Promotion Association, well-known domestic professional analysts, The most authoritative blockchain research experts in China, university experts and professors, and CEOs of well-known companies are specially invited to participate
A research institute that provides blockchain technology implementation solutions to enterprises in Central China. It is the earliest established in my country and currently the only third-party technology research institution whose mission is to research, disseminate and serve blockchain technology.
The Blockchain Technology Application Research Institute adheres to the working principles of authoritative, normative, systematic, open and public welfare, assists the government in formulating industry supervision mechanisms, and assists the government in promoting practical solutions. It aims to provide Zhongyuan enterprises with research and promotion of blockchain technology implementation plans, popularize and enhance the concepts and awareness of blockchain technology among enterprises, play a guiding role in the development of Zhongyuan, and promote the healthy and orderly development of Zhongyuan blockchain technology. Help the Central Plains economy rise.
The Blockchain Technology Application Research Institute will allocate billions of financial resources within two years to support 1,000 Chinese enterprises to implement blockchain technology applications and help the Central Plains economy achieve overtaking in corners.

⑽ Is Africa still far away from the title of “Blockchain Center”?

Load up your coins and go overseas! Over the past few months, this seems to be the most popular topic among smart-minded people in the cryptocurrency community.

Indeed, after the relevant bans were introduced, innovators in the currency circle began to study "crypto-to-crypto" transactions and "private investment on behalf of others" and other risk-avoiding methods, and made considerable achievements. But this still does not suppressMany exchanges and currency circle tycoons are moving overseas, and the number of machiya houses in Kyoto, Japan, and cryptocurrency company registration applications in Minsk (the capital of Belarus) have also increased.

Houses in Kyoto are expensive in Luoyang for a while

However, what rises in Kyoto is the local housing prices (including the price of a certain big boss’s B&B); while what rises in Minsk is other prices. High-tech Park (HTP) agency registration agency quotation.

As soon as anything heats up, the costs in all aspects will increase. So smarter people began to focus on the ancient and mysterious land of Africa.

As one of the birthplaces of ancient humans and civilizations in the world, Africa is also plagued by poverty and backwardness. Recently, this land is being regarded as the "next blockchain center" by more people in the currency circle. Many investors and entrepreneurs have begun to shout, "Blockchain-related companies are emerging here, a place that is very different from the traditional impression." Africa may soon appear in front of people."

People tend to believe what they want to believe, even turning a deaf ear to the facts. From the current point of view, Africa still has a long way to go before it can be called a "blockchain center". You must think twice before going for gold.

We analyze it from four aspects:

The rigid concept of the management department

Cape Town is the second largest city in South Africa , famous for its beautiful natural landscape and pier.

Just recently, a “Blockchain Research Institute” was quietly built in Cape Town. According to media reports, the Blockchain Research Institute is not engaged in academic research. Their main job is to provide blockchain technology-related training services to some local start-up companies. According to its insiders, they not only provide training services, but also provide blockchain consulting services to enterprises.

In addition, this blockchain research institute also cooperates closely with local financial institutions, including Barclays African Bank, Standard Bank of South Africa, etc. Interestingly, some managers of these banks have received relevant training at the “Blockchain Research Institute”.

In fact, this blockchain research institute is a very ordinary educational institution, and it is profitable. Its teaching ability is questionable. More importantly, we have not seen a single university offering blockchain-related courses on the African continent, and there is no corresponding supply of blockchain talents. Most people still have little knowledge of blockchain.

In developed countries, blockchain courses have been implemented in universities. According to incomplete statistics, dozens of universities such as Princeton University, Tsinghua University, Stanford University, University of Copenhagen, MIT, Imperial College London, Cambridge University, and New York University have opened blockchain courses.

If education cannot keep up and there is not a large supply of talent, industrial construction will be unable to achieve its goals. Talent is a top priority for the African continent’s blockchain journey.

Worrying infrastructure

When it comes to blockchain, the topic of mining is naturally indispensable. Mining requires a lot of power consumption. The Bitmain Antminer S9 usually used by miners generally consumes 1,350 watts of power during operation. To put it in perspective, this is equivalent to the power required to exhaust the life of a hair dryer.

Electricity prices in countries around the world vary due to different factors, including local natural conditions, productivity development levels and related welfare policies.

According to a study by an organization, the cost of mining is the lowest in Africa. The average cost of mining a Bitcoin is US$4,626. The rest are South America (USD 5,456), the Middle East (USD 6,249), Asia (USD 6,378) and Europe (USD 6,695).

Does this mean that digital currency mining can be carried out on a large scale in Africa?

The "People, Power, Planet" research report released by the African Development Group tells us the answer from the side: In Africa, 1 in 3 people does not have electricity, based on the total population of Africa. If this happens, approximately 621 million Africans will not have access to electricity. According to its development trend, Africa will not be able to achieve universal access to electricity across the entire continent until 2080. In terms of grid capacity, sub-Saharan Africa has about 90 megawatts, a figure even lower than South Korea, which has only one-fifth of its population.

Although electricity prices are cheap, when the backward infrastructure has not completely freed the people from the problem of power shortage, the future of large-scale implementation of blockchain is unknown.

Content source: Phoenix Technology