区块链数字资源建设方案,区块链数字资源建设包括

❶ How to use big data to promote the development of the blockchain industry in the future

The future regional economic development will focus on four aspects including industrial agglomeration development to further promote the city’s blockchain industry Develop healthily and rapidly to better serve the digital transformation of the economy and society.

01. Industrial agglomeration development

The blockchain industrial park will be scientifically planned, the park construction will be intensified, the supporting service system will be improved, and the degree of industrial development agglomeration will be enhanced.

02. Increase the introduction and cultivation of blockchain enterprises

We will target leading and well-known enterprises in the international and domestic blockchain field and accelerate the introduction of a group of innovative and developing companies. Blockchain companies with great potential will be supported in setting up R&D centers, project headquarters, etc. in Chongqing, and will further gather industrial resources through leading efforts.

03. Promote the completion of demonstration applications of blockchain in key areas

We will strengthen the research and development of key core technologies of blockchain, focusing on breakthroughs in key technologies such as consensus mechanisms, cryptography technology, and smart contracts. .

04. Actively build a good ecosystem for the blockchain industry

We will promote the establishment of a public service platform for the blockchain industry to provide investment and financing, supply and demand docking, etc. for blockchain companies. One-stop service.

❷ You have to know the operating principles and development of blockchain!

1. Why is there innovation in blockchain?
The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network. Open code. However, the impact of such an uncomplicated innovation on mankind is epoch-making. It has programmed, agreed, and enforced the basic values ​​required by a unified global market: "freedom, equality, and fraternity." Then the STMP email protocol, HTTP domain name protocol, etc. were derived, achieving low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner. As Alibaba Vice President Gao Hongbing said:
"The Internet is to eliminate the (information) supply chain that has very low value and high cost - it is open, interconnected, peer-to-peer, globalized, and decentralized."
We know: The essence of the market is also decentralized. It automatically executes the decentralized agreement of "equivalent exchange". Just as Nobel Prize winner Ronald Coase summed up: "The market economy is based on two On the basis of deep cognition: admitting ignorance and tolerating uncertainty." Adam Smith also described the market as: "the invisible hand"! Therefore, the market must require the low-cost flow of information decentralization, and the Internet has adapted to the global Under the general climate formed by the unified market, it turned out to be.
However, the first generation of Internet decentralized solved the problem of low-cost and efficient transmission of information, but it did not solve the problem of credit of information. Therefore, what the second-generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner so that value transfer can be carried out at low cost and with high efficiency.
So what are the problems with the original centralized credit system? As we all know: centralized credit, such as the legal currencies of various countries, has different credit values, and the clearing systems are also incompatible, which adds a lot of cost to global trade. The current global credit system centered on the US dollar has a "Triffin Paradox" in its mechanism (the essence is that a country's legal currency cannot simultaneously resolve the conflict between its own economic interests and global economic needs). Therefore, in 2009, the Governor of the Central Bank of China, Zhou Ogawa called for the creation of a super-sovereign storage currency. In the same year, Satoshi Nakamoto disclosed the first-generation blockchain source code-"Bitcoin" online.
2. How does the blockchain system operate?
First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto knew very well that establishing a credit system for payment must solve the problem of preventing "duplicate payments", that is, no counterfeit currency can be created. The centralized credit system relies on state machinery to prevent counterfeit currency. What about "Bitcoin"? Satoshi Nakamoto's great innovation is to "timestamp" every transaction. There is a block (block: equivalent to a network account book) every ten minutes, and all network transactions for these ten minutes are correctly timestamped. The question is who will cover it? Satoshi Nakamoto did not assume that everyone on the Internet is Lei Feng. He agreed with Adam Smith: people in the market are greedy. He asked the so-called "miners" to compete for the accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks. The rules of the competition were to correctly record the accounting and at the same time solve the SHA256 problem. Who can prove that their computer has the fastest computing power (the so-called PROOF OF WORK mechanism), he can compete for the legal accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks and get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins. This is the so-called "mining" process. It is actually a decentralized credit process that establishes a network-wide ledger - the blockchain. Therefore, the more essential function of miners is "bookkeepers"!
Satoshi Nakamoto is here In its Bitcoin white paper, the process of establishing this credit system is described in detail:
Step 1: In order for the entire network to recognize it as valid, each transaction must be broadcast to each node (node: that is, the miner);
The second step: Each miner node must correctly timestamp each transaction in these ten minutes and record it in that block;
The third step: Each miner node must Compete for the legal accounting rights of this ten-minute block by solving the SHA256 puzzle, and strive to get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins (fifty bitcoins every ten minutes for the first four years, decreasing by half every four years);< br>Step 4: If a miner node solves the SHA256 puzzle of these ten minutes, it will publish all the timestamped transactions recorded in its ten-minute blocks to the entire network, and they will be checked by other miner nodes in the entire network;< br>Step 5: Other miner nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting (because they are also stamping the accounting at the same time, but they have not competed for the legal block accounting rights, so there is no reward), there is no error Finally, they will compete for the next block after the legal block, thus forming a legal accounting block single chain, that is, Bitcoin paymentThe system’s general ledger—the blockchain.
Generally speaking, each transaction must undergo six block confirmations, that is, six ten-minute accounting, before it can finally be recognized as a legal transaction on the blockchain. The following is the accounting format of Bitcoin:
So the so-called "Bitcoin" is such a billing system: it includes the owner electronically signing with the private key and paying to the next owner, and then the entire network's "miners" "Time stamp the account and form a blockchain.
3. What are the innovations in Bitcoin’s blockchain finance?
Similar to gold, trying to establish decentralized credit on the global Internet may allow value to flow across the entire network at high speed and at low rates (currently each transfer The transfer rate is one ten thousandth);
The total amount of currency is agreed upon by the cryptographic protocol;
Compared to gold, digital currency is infinitely divisible;
The value of currency can be based on a large number of P2P transactions ;
Full transparency in financial management (every transaction can be traced on the blockchain).
Bitcoin’s blockchain-wide accounting system has established a market value of US$10 billion, the highest on the global Internet. Therefore, Wu Xiaoling, dean of Tsinghua PBC School of Finance, pointed out: The blockchain experiment established distributed credit, which is an upgraded version of Internet TCP/IP, upgrading from information transmission to value transmission;
4. Bitcoin’s blocks What are the inherent flaws of the chain system?
Bitcoin’s blockchain system has had successes since it was open sourced on the Internet in 2009, but it also shows some inherent flaws that are difficult to overcome:
The total amount cannot be adjusted at any time As the market situation changes, it will inevitably rise and fall sharply;
Mining is high-carbon. Only less than 1% of miners can compete for the accounting rights of blocks of less than ten minutes, and more than 99% of other miners participating in the competition have the computing power. Waste;
The annual inflation of about 10% has greatly increased the cost of the Bitcoin financial ecology, and even threatened her survival;
As a decentralized self-organizing DAC system, the operating costs of the accounting and issuance functions are too high high.
As a global payment system, its efficiency is far from meeting the actual requirements of global trade. The Bitcoin network currently confirms a maximum of 7 transactions per second. In comparison, Visa's network system can process 10,000 transactions per second at the fastest, and Alipay's record is 80,000 transactions per second on Singles' Day in 2014!
5. Block The development of chain technology 2.0:
As the 2.0 upgrade and development of blockchain, it first focuses on solving the high-carbon mining of Bitcoin accounting:
When we discuss how to overcome the high carbon of Bitcoin mining and accounting Professor Liu Taoxiong from the Tsinghua Institute of Economics pointed out that mining competition relies on computing power. In the end, only one company competes for the legal accounting rights, and the other 99% of the miner nodes are mined for nothing, which is a waste of resources. It is obviously unreasonable. If The whole network transparently knows the legal accounting rights of the next block, and it is randomly generated in the entire network, which eliminates the high carbon cost of competitive accounting! After hearing this, we all praised Professor Liu for his brilliant idea, because the second generation is now more successful. CoinNXT has exactly this mechanism. Their white paper is called "Transparent"Forging", but the probability of the accounting rights going to someone is directly proportional to the NXT token holdings in each miner node wallet. This is called the Proof of Stake mechanism (PROOF OF STOCK). Of course, this also triggered NXT to transfer the tokens Arguments about the unfair distribution of coins to early investment developers!
RIPPLE is a semi-decentralized blockchain solution that uses "trusted gateways" for blockchain accounting, and its credit is based on These gateways will not do evil at the same time on the consensus ledger protocol.
The most ambitious attempt is Ethereum, which combines blockchain technology with Turing completeness, hoping to develop a It is a basic platform that can satisfy the construction of various blockchain systems in the future and can support the development of various credit currencies, digital assets, smart protocols and even financial derivatives. Its system design is to unify blockchain accounting on the ETHERUM platform and provide services for all developers They can be used together by users, and perhaps their official version can be released in the near future.
6. Possible applications of blockchain innovation in other fields:
Now, blockchain is trying to establish decentralized credit. It is no longer limited to the financial sector, but has been paid attention to by all sectors of society. Especially in China, some central credits such as the "Red Cross" are in a "collapse" situation. Blockchain can provide a new idea and technology for social management. options, here are some new developments and related discussions we know about:
The combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things unifies digital assets and atomic assets, smooths the difference between consumer assets and cash assets, expands public credit, and accelerates Value circulation; (IBM-Samsung)
Establishing an intellectual property protection system on the blockchain, accounting for the use of intellectual property across the entire network, and establishing a global advertising market;
Can blockchain contribute to the emerging economy of the Belt and Road Initiative? Provide technical support for the collective issuance of protocol-based cryptographic currencies;
Blockchain + cloud computing can develop into decentralized self-media and community systems;
Blockchain can build a decentralized equity crowdfunding system, Let innovative projects enter the circulation field in advance;
Blockchain can develop a fully transparent financial management system;
Blockchain supports the establishment of global decentralized corporate organizations.
In short, credit has become a shortage in this In the era of resources, the technological innovation of blockchain, as a distributed credit model, provides a broad development prospect for finance, social management, talent evaluation and decentralized organization construction in the global market.

❸ How will blockchain develop in 2021

Blockchain empowers the development of the real economy. With the development of blockchain technology, its application scenarios have become more in-depth, ranging from commodities Traceability, judicial certificate storage, government affairs, supply chain finance, trade finance, and social welfare have expanded to industrial management, energy and power, data transactions, public resource transactions, digital identity, medical health and other fields. In the future, with the further development of blockchain technology , especially in terms of performance,The scale and security have been improved, and its application scenarios will become increasingly widespread.
1) Blockchain industry life cycle. Determine the development stage of the industry by analyzing the market growth rate, demand growth rate, product varieties, number of competitors, entry and exit barriers, technological changes, user purchasing behavior, etc. of the blockchain industry;
2) Area The market supply and demand of the blockchain industry is balanced. By studying the supply situation, demand situation, and import and export status of the blockchain industry, we can determine the supply and demand balance of the industry in order to grasp the degree of market saturation in the industry;
3) The competitive landscape of the blockchain industry. Through the analysis of the bargaining power of suppliers in the blockchain industry, the bargaining power of buyers, the ability of potential competitors to enter, the substitution ability of substitutes, and the current competitiveness of competitors in the industry, master the five factors that determine the profit level of the industry. power;
4) The economic operation of the blockchain industry. Mainly for data analysis, including the number of competing companies in the blockchain industry, number of employees, total industrial output value, sales output value, export value, finished products, sales revenue, total profits, assets, liabilities, industry growth capacity, profitability, solvency debt capacity and operational capacity.
5) The main market competition enterprise in the blockchain industry. Including the company's products, business status (BCG), financial status, competitive strategy, market share, competitiveness (swot analysis) analysis, etc.
6) Investment, financing and mergers and acquisitions analysis. Including investment and financing project analysis, merger and acquisition analysis, investment area, investment return, investment structure, etc.
7) Blockchain industry marketing. Including marketing concepts, marketing models, marketing strategies, channel structures, product strategies, etc.
The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Professional" pilot of the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" launched by the School Planning, Construction and Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

❹ What are the future development prospects of blockchain technology?

Blockchain is a technology. “In the simplest and most popular terms, blockchain technology is everyone’s Account, or distributed ledger."
In the Internet era, there is a database behind every system. This database can be regarded as a large ledger. In the past, the people who maintained the system were responsible for managing the database and recording user behavior. , that is, accounting, and the blockchain is "decentralized", which allows every member of the system to participate. Not only does everyone keep accounts, but through links, everyone can have a complete ledger.
"Blockchain is essentially a collective recording method. What is special is that it uses a unique set of technologies to achieve the authenticity and credibility of the recording results, which is difficult to destroy and cannot be tampered with." Zhang Xiaorong said, " First, everyone has the right to record and recognize each other’sThe second is that no one can tamper with the records because there are cryptographic signatures; the third is that everyone has a copy, so even if some of the ledgers are damaged, the entire ledger will not be affected, which is called Distributed storage. The information recorded in this way is presented in blocks according to the time chain, so it is called blockchain. ”
Various encrypted digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are originally an application of blockchain technology, which can be said to be version 1.0 of blockchain. However, around 2014, the industry began to realize the importance of blockchain technology. Value, blockchain is gradually separated from digital currency and applied to various economic and social fields other than digital currency.
Broad application prospects
Blockchain technology is considered to be the next step after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. Disruptive innovation. If steam engines and electricity have liberated productivity, and the Internet has changed the way information is transmitted, then blockchain, as a machine that builds trust, will likely change the way value is transmitted.
For example, in the financial field, financial institutions In particular, the cost of reconciliation, clearing, and settlement between cross-border financial institutions has always been high, and there are complex manual processes. Blockchain technology has data that cannot be tampered with and is traceable. Its application can help reduce the cost of cross-border financial institutions. The reconciliation cost and dispute resolution cost can significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment business, and also make small-amount cross-border payments possible. In December 2017, China Merchants Bank completed the RMB transfer from Hong Kong Wing Lung Bank to Wing Lung Bank Shenzhen Branch Position allocation business. This is the world's first inter-bank cross-border RMB clearing business based on blockchain technology.
In addition, according to the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China , the application of blockchain has extended to many fields such as medical health, education, charity, social management, etc. Taking the cultural industry as an example, low copying costs, high rights protection costs, and difficulty in providing evidence have made intellectual property protection a pain point in the industry. With the blockchain, the records of the production, dissemination, and transactions of cultural products are authentic, transparent, credible, and verifiable, and the problem is easily solved.
Cheung Hsiao-rong said that blockchain technology solves two major problems in the digital economy era: First, The flow direction is visible, and the second is zero trust cost. In the past, the circulation of physical banknotes was invisible, but the flow direction of all digital assets has a "chain" that can be checked. Yang Yanchao, a researcher at the Intellectual Property Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that blockchain The biggest advantage is that it has truly completed the construction of credit in an anonymous society, bringing new opportunities to many fields, thus making various innovative applications possible.
There is a long way to go for future development
In terms of technology promotion, There are not too many barriers to the blockchain, which has been proven in the global practice of Bitcoin. The main resistance still comes from conceptual and implementation obstacles.
"On the one hand, society has a clear understanding of the ' Nudity' status may be of concern. The blockchain has built a "Skynet" for the business society. All the company's economic activities are recorded, so there are no secrets at all. In this way, some business strategies are reflected in the blockchain.It will probably not be implemented off-chain. "
"On the other hand, the current legal system lags behind the development of information technology. How the emerging blockchain technology can be placed under legal supervision needs to be studied. " Duan Yongchao said.
The core of blockchain is decentralization, which will have an impact on the central management model that has been formed in society for a long time. In addition to laws, how to establish a regulatory environment that can promote the application of blockchain technology so that Technology that benefits society rather than being used for evil is also an urgent problem.

❺ Many places have issued the blockchain development action plan "Blockchain+" to show off their potential

[Zhongya Finance] Recently, Hebei, Guizhou, Hunan, Beijing, Guangzhou, Ganzhou and other provinces and cities have released blockchain development action plans. The domestic blockchain industry is ushering in rare development opportunities by planning for platform construction and promoting enterprises to "go on the chain". Currently, blockchain technology has been used in judicial certificate storage, government affairs management, people's livelihood services, food traceability, and supply chain management. In the future, it may show its talents in new infrastructure, industrial chain transformation, public services and other fields to gain momentum for high-quality development.

During the epidemic prevention period, Mr. Ma, a Beijing citizen, fell in love with online shopping. After he recently received a box of Anhui Dangshan pears, he found a QR code on the package that said "Blockchain Traceability". By scanning with your mobile phone, the "identity" information such as the e-commerce name of the box of pears, the location of the authentic place of origin, product features, and the quality alliance to which it belongs is clear at a glance. Even the number of times the QR code is scanned is clearly displayed. Mr. Ma said: " Seeing such detailed and accurate product information makes me more confident in the quality of the product. ”

The application of blockchain technology in online shopping is a microcosm of the active innovative technology application scenarios in recent years in various places. According to the "2018-2019 China Blockchain Development Year" released by the China Blockchain Ecological Alliance Report", blockchain technology is most actively used in the financial field, and has formed a number of new products that can undertake actual business in cross-border payments, asset management, supply chain finance, etc.; it has achieved great results in the fields of electronic certificate deposits and public welfare charity. Phased results; exploration has begun in the fields of medical services, government management, transportation and logistics.

In this context, many domestic Provinces and cities have recently issued blockchain development action plans one after another. In the plan, building a blockchain open innovation platform and promoting key enterprises to "get on the blockchain" have become the focus of the next step. For example, the "Beijing Urban Area" issued by Beijing in early July The "Blockchain Innovation and Development Action Plan" proposes to take the lead in forming the "Beijing Plan" for blockchain to empower economic and social development by 2022; the "Opinions on Accelerating the Application of Blockchain Technology and Industrial Development" issued by Guizhou Province in early May proposed that, By 2022, 3 to 5 blockchain developments will be builtOpen innovation platforms and public service platforms, introduce and cultivate more than 100 growing blockchain enterprises; the "Hunan Province Blockchain Industry Development Three-Year Action Plan (2020-2022)" issued by Hunan Province at the end of April proposed that by 2022 More than 10 blockchain public service platforms will be built annually, and 30,000 companies will be promoted to the blockchain; Guangzhou, Guangdong, and Ganzhou, Jiangxi have also proposed to cultivate a number of key blockchain companies and promote typical application demonstration scenarios.

During the epidemic, various places "increased" the development of blockchain technology. Experts said that since this year, the demand for digital social governance innovation and soft and hard infrastructure construction has increased significantly, and the potential of blockchain technology in the technical transformation of industrial chains and government governance has become more prominent.

“As more and more people realize and enjoy the convenience brought by digital life, they are more determined to carry out digital reform. , the determination to actively 'get on the chain'." Pan Helin, executive director of the Institute of Digital Economy of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that during the epidemic prevention period, blockchain technology has advantages in information management, emergency supplies and food safety traceability, and identity authentication management. obvious. For the digital economy or blockchain technology, this epidemic is a development opportunity. After the epidemic has spawned a large number of digital demands, blockchain will play a more important role in production and supply chain collaboration, public safety warning, and financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Big energy.

Use blockchain technology to build a "virtual factory" for Nankang furniture to trace the origin of Gannan navel orange products... In recent years, Ganzhou blockchain companies have continued to emerge, involving digital licenses, digital bills, and anti-counterfeiting traceability , filing and notarization, copyright protection, digital finance and other businesses are also increasing. To this end, the local government has recently established a blockchain service hall to ensure that these businesses are handled centrally.

Some experts said that from a nationwide perspective, this kind of blockchain service model innovation will crack the blockchain technology and Attempts to combine people's livelihood and the real economy are gradually increasing. As an emerging technology in the digital economy era, blockchain technology also faces many difficulties and obstacles in scientific research and implementation. In terms of technology, blockchain encryption technology faces technical risks such as inference and even traceability; in terms of implementation, there are limited application fields. , low industrial agglomeration effect and other problems; in addition, there are bottlenecks such as lack of professional talents.

Action plans released in many places also target these difficulties and congestion points. For example, the "Beijing Blockchain Innovation and Development Action Plan" proposes four key tasks: innovation-led, building a blockchain theory and technology platform; demand-driven, building a number of multi-field application scenarios; cluster development, cultivating integration linkage The blockchain industry; ensuring the elements and building a leading blockchain talent echelon.

Affected by the epidemic, the accounting period of downstream engineering projects in some industries has changed.Over time, the pressure on upstream small and medium-sized suppliers has increased. This once made some small business owners very anxious and afraid to take on big orders.

How to open up business flow, logistics and capital flow, so that the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain can "turn" together? Zhejiang’s approach is to build a blockchain receivables chain platform. The platform puts accounts receivable accumulated in the supply chain online as "blockchain receivables", solving the risk of fraud that is difficult to prevent in traditional accounts receivable financing. After upstream suppliers receive the blockchain receivables issued online by the supply chain enterprises, they can transfer them to the bank for cash on the same day, eliminating the need for cumbersome procedures such as verification and verification, witnessing and confirmation of rights, and "hardening" the upstream and downstream industry chains. “Funds have been mobilized.

Currently, blockchain applications are still in the early, niche and pilot stages. With the implementation of 5G technology, the increase in market data volume and the improvement of technical issues, more application cases are expected to appear in the future.

Experts said that in order to achieve safe and sustainable development of blockchain technology, we must first solve the technical problems, especially the realization of technical security, decentralization, scalability and other issues, which requires all parties to Cooperate fully; secondly, we must promptly pass legislation to protect the legal issues that may be faced during the development of blockchain technology, and at the same time severely crack down on the use of blockchain technology to commit illegal crimes.

❻ Blockchain technology empowers the smart upgrade of archives management

How to ensure the security of the archives digitization process and electronic archives

Vigorously promoted in the country In the context of electronic archives management, archives management work has gone through the process from receiving and keeping paper archives to receiving and keeping electronic archives, from managing archive entities to managing archive data, from manual operations to information-based intelligent operations, from decentralized utilization of archive resources to The revolution in Internet sharing. However, in their long-term preservation activities, archival digital resources will inevitably use conventional technical methods such as copying, updating, and format conversion, key technical methods such as migration, packaging, and simulation, and auxiliary methods such as hard copy output. During these preservation activities, the content, structure (physical structure and logical structure), metadata, etc. of electronic archives may undergo certain changes.

How to ensure the security of the archives digitization process and electronic archives? Blockchain applications have become an important choice to break through bottlenecks.

The application value of blockchain electronic archives

Blockchain technology is applied to electronic archive data management, allowing anyone to independently verify archives, and is suitable for cross-department and cross-region and multiple processes and application scenarios across responsible entities, reducing dependence on the blockchain platform and liability risks, while meeting the certification needs of massive archival digital resources.

01 Electronic archive applications developed through blockchain have improved electronic archive management methods and authenticity assurance methods, and can provide reliable support for the protection of corporate intellectual property rights.

02 Through blockchain electronic archive applications,Transform the electronic archives of engineering projects from paper management to electronic management, improve work efficiency, and effectively reduce the corresponding costs for enterprises and project participants in project document management.

03 Through the application of blockchain electronic archives, the demands of all parties between the industry ecological chain and department levels can be balanced, while emphasizing the transfer of information value between institutions or organizations in the same industry or across industries and departments. (Mutual recognition of evidence) Reduce management costs and improve efficiency while collaborating with work.

04 Through the application of blockchain electronic archives, it can promote the further improvement of archival data archiving business in terms of archiving, storage, transmission, anti-counterfeiting and information security.

Conclusion

In fact, blockchain can be both civil and military. In addition to its application in digital archive management, blockchain technology also has many application cases in the fields of digital government affairs, commodity traceability, supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing and digital collections.

❼ A brief analysis of the application of blockchain technology

Today we will talk about the application analysis of blockchain technology in the field of public resource transactions
Public resource transactions include both The purchase of public resources by the public sector, such as government procurement, construction project bidding, etc.; also includes the sale of public resources by the public sector, such as the bidding, auction and listing of state-owned land, the transfer of mining rights, the sale of state-owned forest rights, and the disposal of state-owned financial assets and other public resource sales behaviors involving public interests and public safety. Public resource transactions are related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and involve the fundamental interests of the people. Therefore, public resource transaction management has always been an important management function of my country's government affairs management.
In recent years, the National Information Center has continued to promote the construction of a public resource trading service platform, giving full play to the role of a public entrance to trading services, a public channel for data sharing, and comprehensive technical support for cross-regional transactions. The integration of public resource trading platforms based on digital technology has achieved remarkable results. Among them, blockchain technology has the characteristics of consistent data storage, difficulty in tampering, and traceability. It provides new ideas and solutions to solve the problem of trust in public resource trading data. path.

Information data management issues in the field of public resource transactions

Objectively speaking, various credit deficiencies have long existed in the field of public resource transactions in my country, which not only disrupts the normal market transaction order, but also It affects the fairness and justice of market competition, and also poses serious risks and threats to the quality of project construction and construction safety production. The reason is that the root cause of credit risk lies in the information asymmetry between entities in the public resource trading market, and in the limitations and defects of traditional public resource trading management on information data security and information data use.

Data security management issues

Various transaction information and credit information in the field of public resource transactions contain huge value. Under the increasingly electronic development trend of domestic public resource transaction management and services, including electronic recruitment,Various information security risks such as bidding user identity information, potential bidder information, bid evaluation committee composition information, bid document information, judges' bid evaluation information, bid evaluation result information, etc., are increasingly becoming factors that affect the efficiency, quality, and fairness of public resource transactions. important issues.
Traditional data security technology cannot effectively avoid security management problems such as leakage, tampering, and loss of various information data. Especially with some technical means, it is difficult to trace traces of relevant data operations, causing great trouble for data security management. .
Data sharing application issues
The main reason for the long-standing problems of various credit deficiencies and untrustworthy behaviors in the public resource trading market is that there are limitations in the sharing and application of relevant credit information of market entities.
On the one hand, a large amount of credit information of market entities has been deposited in various departments for a long time and has not been fully exploited;
On the other hand, the credit information of public resource trading market entities involves banks, public security, courts, housing Among many management departments such as construction, human resources and social security, and taxation, the long-standing phenomenon of “data islands” and “data fog islands” among different management departments hinders the efficient sharing and application of credit information in the public resource trading market.
Blockchain and public resource transaction information data management
According to the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" issued under the guidance of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in a broad sense, blockchain technology is the use of blocks Chained data structures are used to verify and store data, distributed node consensus algorithms are used to generate and update data, cryptography is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and smart contracts composed of automated script codes are used to program and operate data. A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm.
Essentially, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can be seen as an accounting method that supports the participation of all people.
Traditional data accounting involves multiple accounting entities and generates multiple data ledgers. Under this accounting method, due to the risks of lack of supervision, technical security risks, and physical security risks, the account data may be tampered with or lost, and it is difficult to trace relevant operational behaviors. Therefore, the objectivity, fairness, and security of the account data must be It’s hard to guarantee.
Blockchain technology provides a technical solution that supports multiple accounting entities to participate in accounting. When any accounting subject modifies the ledger, its modification behavior will form indelible traces (timestamps) in the ledger records, and the modification results will be synchronized to the ledgers of all accounting subjects, which prevents the account from being The risk of data tampering and loss can be traced back to relevant accounting behaviors to promote supervision.

In response to the information data management and credit issues raised above in the field of public resource transactions, blockchain technology can use its own "decentralization", "distributed data storage" and "traceability" ”, “Tamper-proof features”, “openness and transparency” and other advantages, effectively respond and solve.
Public resource transaction data is tamper-proof
The public resource transaction platform stores a large amount of public resource transaction data. Traditional centralized data storage management, data Once the backup is damaged or lost, it is difficult to restore, and due to loopholes in the supervision mechanism, there is a risk of data tampering.
Blockchain technology uses "decentralization" and "distributed data storage", one or more If data is damaged or lost on a data storage node, it will not affect the data security of other data storage nodes. At the same time, updates to the data ledger records are synchronously shared and made public, and operation traces are supported. Unless all nodes are destroyed, the blockchain The data will not be tampered with or damaged.
Establish a trustworthy public resource transaction data environment
Asymmetric information in the public resource transaction market leads to adverse selection and moral hazard among market entities, affecting the efficiency and quality of public resource transactions , affecting the orderly operation and development of the public resource trading market.
Blockchain technology solves the problems of authenticity, security and openness of public resource trading data, promotes the efficient sharing and application of credit information in the public resource trading market, and promotes the establishment of A trustworthy data environment for public resource transactions prevents and avoids various credit risks, and provides trustworthy data decision-making support for market transaction entities and regulatory entities