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① Summary of Lesson 4 Cryptography Learning in Blockchain

This is the fourth lesson of deep learning in Ulord. Dr. Yang will give a lecture on cryptography in blockchain. Regarding cryptography issues, this course helped me understand a question about public keys and private keys that has been bothering me. What is the relationship between them? I got the answer in this study, and now I will share with you what I learned.

The public key and private key in the blockchain are two basic concepts in asymmetric encryption.

Public key and private key are a key pair obtained through an algorithm. The public key is the public part of the key pair, and the private key is the non-public part. Public keys are usually used to encrypt conversations, that is, messages or information, and can also be used to verify digital signatures signed with private keys.

The private key can be used to sign and the corresponding public key can be used for verification. The key pair obtained through this public key system can be guaranteed to be unique worldwide. When using this key pair, if you use one of the keys to encrypt data, you must use its corresponding other key to decrypt it.

For example, data encrypted with a public key must be decrypted with a private key. If a private key is used for encryption, the corresponding public key must be used to decrypt it, otherwise the decryption cannot be successful. In addition, in the Bitcoin blockchain, the public key is calculated through the private key, and the address is calculated through the public key, and this process is irreversible.

② What courses do you need to learn in blockchain?

The courses you need to learn in blockchain are:

1. Khan Academy

If If you want to brush up on your Bitcoin knowledge, or start learning cryptocurrencies from scratch, the points are explained thoroughly and will get you going in the right direction on your blockchain journey.

You can progress through 8 separate steps, from a basic overview to explanations of cryptographic hash functions, digital signatures, proof-of-work, and blockchain security.

2. Udemy

You won’t get a Harvard education by taking a 2-hour online course. But actually, as a blockchain enthusiast, Udemy may be more useful. Depending on your skill level, there's a lot for everyone here.

For those who want to learn the basics of blockchain, there is a great course called "Blockchain and Bitcoin Fundamentals." In the course above, you get a 2-hour course, downloadable resources, and the opportunity to access the course anytime you want to complete it.

If this motivates you to continue taking classes, you will also receive a certificate. But most importantly, you will gain a solid understanding of the basic concepts of Bitcoin.

3. Lynda

LinkedIn’s Lynda provides cross-Tons of different courses for all levels.

For companies that want to provide training to several departments, this platform seems like a good choice since there are so many niche courses to choose from.

But there is a great course called Blockchain Fundamentals Course that provides a one-hour overview for beginners.

4. Coursera

Coursera's prices vary with complexity, although they do have some free options that encourage you to purchase separate supplemental course materials. Courses are created and taught by professors from universities such as Stanford, MIT, and Princeton, making them a wise choice if you're looking for great instructors.

You won’t get a Princeton credential through these courses, but you will be exposed to some of the brightest minds in academia. One course that particularly stands out is “Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency,” taught by four leading Princeton professors.

This is an 11-week program covering cryptography, Bitcoin mining, rules, mining puzzles, and even a chapter on altcoins. Additionally, this course includes detailed lectures, exercises, continued reading, and homework assignments.

5. PluralSight

PluralSight is full of new technical courses that are hands-on and concrete. For example, if you want to learn a programming language like MySQL or Javascript.

③ "2018 Blockchain Development Report" pdf download, read the full text online, seek Baidu network disk cloud resources

"2018 Blockchain Development Report" network disk pdf latest full set download :
Link: https://pan..com/s/1LUSt8rrfvM0f2G3mWxm9sA

?pwd=g59s Extraction code: g59s
Introduction: Chuangye Bang released "Blockchain Development in 2018" Report", the report found that blockchain will be more effective in industries that require mutual trust, need to go to intermediary platforms to improve transaction efficiency, and have online structured data. Blockchain applications will be the first to be implemented in the financial field, and will gradually penetrate into social credit reporting, entertainment, supply chain, medical care, education, logistics and other fields.

④ Blockchain Graduation Project Proposal

Background of the project research:

With the development of modern technology and information industry At this stage of development, the fourth industrial revolution is beginning to take shape. The world is about to enter a technological era with new technologies such as the Internet and artificial intelligence as the core. At the same time, blockchain technology has emerged as the times require and has become the focus of many international governments and industries. Hotspot object. Blockchain technology has been regarded as the core technology with the greatest potential to trigger the fifth round of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.. In the past 10 years, with the strong support of the government and policies, the development situation of my country's philanthropy has been relatively optimistic. However, as the scale of charity continues to develop and expand, my country's public welfare undertakings have gradually revealed some shortcomings. The biggest problems existing in traditional public welfare undertakings are insufficient credibility, imperfect internal management of charitable organizations, and high costs. However, many Internet public welfare service companies are currently actively using the new technology of blockchain to solve this problem. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, information traceability and non-tampering, openness and transparency, and smart contracts. It can make up for the shortcomings of traditional public welfare undertakings such as opaque information and low management efficiency. Blockchain technology will enter public welfare undertakings and will Bring new development opportunities to the charity industry.

The main content of the research: This topic mainly includes the following three aspects:

[if !supportLists] 1. [endif] Combination of blockchain technology and public welfare Problems that arise and solved.

[if !supportLists] 2. [endif] Make a public welfare query webpage based on blockchain technology

[if !supportLists] 3. [endif] The query system Application issues and explanation

Purpose of the research:

As the scale of my country’s public welfare continues to develop and expand, our shortcomings have also been exposed. Insufficient credibility, charitable organizations There is a lack of management, and the use of blockchain technology can solve this problem. This technology will track and store data and behaviors throughout the donation process, realize the complete disclosure of the public welfare chain, enable donors to effectively supervise, avoid shortcomings such as low efficiency and clear fund flows, and control risks for public welfare projects, improving Credibility and transparency of public welfare projects promote the development and progress of public welfare projects and enhance trust between people. According to the attributes and characteristics of the blockchain system, public welfare enterprises can implement full-cycle tracking, evidence storage and auditing of data and behavior in the public welfare process, so that all parties involved in public welfare projects can conduct full-process tracking and effective supervision of the project, avoiding Due to the shortcomings of artificially reducing efficiency in public welfare, it provides a rational method for public welfare projects to control risks and judge effects, improve the transparency of public welfare undertakings, and promote the development of public welfare.

Significance of the project research: This project intends to develop an open and transparent system for tracking public welfare donations based on blockchain technology and combined with the actual development of public welfare undertakings in my country. Through in-depth analysis of blockchain technology and charity business, we found that blockchain technology has natural advantages in solving the problem of public welfare transparency. Blockchain technology can be understood as a distributed accounting method that can record all transaction information and ensure that it cannot be tampered with. This determines that wherever justice, fairness, and integrity are required, blockchain has great technology. room to play. At the same time, the addition of smart contracts directly solves the business problem of earmarked funds.

Eventually, trust between citizens will be enhanced, donation channels will be accelerated, and the development of social donations will be promoted

2. Literature review (current status and development of relevant research at home and abroad Trend)

[if !supportLists] (1) [endif] Current status of foreign blockchain-related industries

China and Europe are gradually occupying the world in blockchain industry policies, and the EU is The European Blockchain Observation Forum has been established in February 2018. Its main responsibilities include: policy determination, industry-university-research linkage, cross-border BaaS

(Blockchain as a Service) service construction, standard open source formulation, etc. Investing 5 million euros in Horizon2020 as a blockchain research and development fund (before December 19, 2018), it is expected that investment in blockchain will reach 340 million euros within three years (2018-2020). In the United States, due to different policies among states, although blockchain is still a craze among American start-ups, the promotion of industrial policy has been slow. The Middle East, led by Di Pai, is leading the trend of blockchain. The government is taking the lead and enterprises are cooperating to explore new technology applications of blockchain. Japan and South Korea are also relatively active in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan is dominated by NTT and the government provides support. South Korea uses finance as an entry point to explore blockchain applications. Isism is also a constant threat to all areas of Chinese society. A comprehensive review of the development status of new media culture in major foreign developed countries, summarizing experiences, and drawing lessons have certain implications for the development of new media culture in China.

[if !supportLists] (2) [endif] Current status of domestic new media research

The State Council of China issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Informatization", Blockchain New technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and machine deep learning have become the focus of the country’s layout. The People's Bank of China issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Information Technology in China's Financial Industry", which clearly proposed to actively promote research on the application of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, and organize pilot projects for national digital currencies. In October 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "White Paper on China's Blockchain Technology and Application Development", which is the first official guidance document for blockchain.

Governments across the country, especially in coastal areas, have established blockchain experimental sites and research institutes. Currently, governments in Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Guiyang and other places are actively establishing blockchain development zones and providing special support policies. China-Guangzhou officially released 10 Guangzhou Blockchain Articles in December 2017Strategy to create a blockchain enterprise technology innovation zone in Huangpu District and Development Zone. In March 2018, the Shenzhen Municipal Economic, Trade and Information Commission issued the "Notice of the Municipal Economic, Trade and Information Commission on Organizing and Implementing the Second Batch of Support Plan for the New Generation Information Technology and Information Security Transformation of Shenzhen's Strategic Emerging Industries in 2018". The district Blockchain is on the list of support directions. This is the fifth local government in China to introduce support policies for blockchain after Guangzhou, Guiyang, and Gehangzhou.

(3) Current status of blockchain in the open source field

Hyperledger

Hyperledger is developed by the Linux Foundation The open source project to promote blockchain digital technology and transaction verification, launched in 2015, has attracted the participation of many companies including IBM, Intel, Fujitsu, UPS, Cisco, Huawei, Redhat, Oracle, Samsung, Tencent Cloud, Internet Finance, etc. Currently, There are already more than 200 member units, and Bran Behlendorf, founder of the Aache Foundation, serves as the executive director of the ledger project.

The goal of the Hyperledger project is to allow members to work together to build an open platform to meet user cases from many different industries and simplify business processes. Process Ledger has multiple blockchain platform projects, including the Fabric project contributed by BIM, the Sawtooth project contributed by Intel, and Iroha, Burrow, Indy, etc.

The development status of blockchain in the field of standards

ITU-T

ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Standardization Organization) from 2016 to 2017 At the beginning of the year, SG16 (Study Group), SG17 and SG20 respectively launched research on the overall needs and security of distributed ledgers to attract applications in the Internet of Things. Established three focus groups (Focus Group on Distributed Ledger (FG DLT), Focus Group on Data Processing and Management (FG DPM), and Focus Group on Fiat Digital Currency (FG DFC)), focusing on blockchain and distributed ledger respectively. Technology application and service research, establishing a trustworthy Internet of Things and smart city data management framework based on blockchain, and carrying out standardization work on blockchain applications based on digital currency. Huawei serves as the chairman of the Architecture Group of the Focus Group on Distributed Ledgers (FG DLT) and the Blockchain Group of the Focus Group on Data Processing and Management (FGDPM).

Two committees of CCSA (China Communications Standards Association) have established subgroups and projects respectively:

CCSA TC10 (PhysicsInternet Technology Working Committee) The Internet of Things Blockchain Subgroup was established in October 2017: responsible for the application of blockchain technology in the Internet of Things and its covered smart cities, Internet of Vehicles, edge computing, Internet of Things big data, Internet of Things industry applications, logistics and For application research and standardization in areas such as intelligent manufacturing, technical experts from China Unicom serve as team leaders, and technical experts from Huawei serve as deputy team leaders.

The Blockchain and Big Data Working Group under CCSA TC1 (Internet and Application Technology Working Committee) completed two blockchain industry standards: "Blockchain: Part 1 Overall Technical Requirements for Blockchain ” and “Blockchain: Part 2 Evaluation Indicators and Evaluation Methods”, in which Huawei actively participated.

JPEG

During the 78th JPEG Conference in February 2018, the JPEG Committee organized a special session on blockchain and distributed ledger technology and their impact on the JPEG standard. Meeting. Taking into account the potential impact of technologies such as blockchain and distributed ledgers on future multimedia, the committee decided to establish an ad hoc group to explore use cases and standardization needs related to blockchain technology in a multimedia environment, with a focus on imaging and multimedia applications. standardization work.

IETF

The "Decentralized Internet Infrastructure ProposedRG

(Research Group) was established at the IETF99 meeting in June 2017, planning to study the blockchain architecture. and corresponding standards. In 2018, IETF will likely pay more attention to the implementation and development of blockchain interconnection standards on blockchain.



3. Proposed research methods (programs, technical routes, etc.) and feasibility studies

This topic mainly studies the application of blockchain technology to charitable donations. Research methods adopted:

1. Use literature methods to collect relevant theories, use information retrieval, screening and other methods to collect literature materials and related theories, understand the current situation of blockchain technology, and master blockchain decentralization technology.
< br /> 2. Use a method that combines theory and practice to combine the technology with public welfare. Complete the improvement of the system.

3. Use the method of comparative analysis to learn from two domestic and foreign Discuss the current development status of new media operations, as well as existing problems in the development of new media operation models in my country, and look forward to the development prospects of this technology field.

Feasibility demonstration:

1. Technical feasibility, involved in this topicThe research objectives have considerable theoretical basis at home and abroad. Through literature survey, we can learn about actual, reliable and useful information data, and the actual requirements are not difficult.

2. Economic feasibility. The research on this topic can be done by accessing literature and materials through the Internet and libraries. It is convenient and feasible and does not require a lot of economic consumption. Therefore, from an economic point of view, it is completely feasible.

3. Operational feasibility. This topic requires the combination of blockchain technology and public welfare, especially the tracing of these applications. A comprehensive analysis of the graduation project system on this topic can be achieved through the analysis of both Study the literature and study the existing information documents, use the data you collected to organize and analyze, apply what you have learned, and complete this project completely. From an operability point of view, it is completely feasible.

4. Expected results (or expected results)

1. Through research on the data, clarify the relevant concepts of blockchain technology, skillfully use dapp, and create a web page.

2. Through distributed applications, creating a system that allows the public to quickly browse and understand the public welfare process will increase convenience for the further development of my country's public welfare undertakings.

3. I hope that I can continue to learn and make progress from the process of writing this paper. Being able to master the relevant knowledge of blockchain will be helpful to your future career.

⑤ What sections do blockchain project analysis reports generally include?

There are currently two types of blockchain analysis reports, one is the rating report and the other is the tracking report. The basic section will include four parts: basic project information, team situation, community media situation, technology progress, and market trends. The only difference is that the evaluation report will give project ratings such as cannon ratings, and the tracking report will adopt a long-term tracking method. Pay attention, for example, the first-class warehouse is analyzed twice a week.

⑥ Java course shares the component structure of blockchain technology

With the continuous development of the Internet, more and more people have learned about some of the characteristics of blockchain technology And usage, today we will introduce what are some elements of the blockchain.

The composition of blockchain

Blockchain consists of blocks and chains. Each block contains three elements: data, hash value, and the hash value of the previous block.

The first element of the block is data. The data stored in the block is related to the type of blockchain. For example, blocks in the Bitcoin blockchain store relevant transaction information, including the seller, buyer, and the amount of Bitcoin traded.

The second positive element of the block is the hash value. Each block contains a hash value. This hash value is used to identify a block and the information it contains.All content. Once a block is created, its hash value is calculated accordingly. Changing something in the block will cause the hash value to change. So in other words: hashes are helpful when you want to detect changes to the contents of a block. If a block's fingerprint changes, it is no longer the same block as before.

The third element of the block is the hash value of the previous block. This element allows links to be formed between blocks and makes the blockchain very secure.

As an example, suppose we have a blockchain containing 3 blocks. Each block contains its own hash and the hash of the previous block. Block No. 3 points to block No. 2, and block No. 2 points to block No. 1. But block No. 1 is a bit special. It cannot point to the previous block because it is the first block. We call block 1 the genesis block.

So, now let's say you tampered with the second block. This will cause the hash value of the second block to change, so the data stored in block 3 will be wrong and illegal. Once the data stored in block No. 3 is illegal, the subsequent blocks must also be illegal.

So if a person wants to tamper with any block in the blockchain, he must modify this block and all blocks after this block. This will be an onerous task.

Blockchain proof-of-work

However, the method of using hash values ​​alone is not enough to prevent users from tampering with the zone. piece. Because today's computers are powerful enough to calculate thousands of hash values ​​per second. The Java course suggests that you can completely tamper with a block and recalculate the hash values ​​of other blocks, thus making your block legal again.

⑦ [Blockchain Course] 3.1—The Concept and Characteristics of Digital Wallet

1. The Concept of Wallet

Life The traditional wallet in a wallet is equivalent to a container that can be used to store cash, but for a digital currency wallet, it is not used to store digital currency, but a management container used to store and manage (including private keys and public keys). The digital wallet contains an address (similar to your bank card account number) and a private key (similar to your bank card password).

Private key: The user uses the private key to sign the transaction, thereby proving that he has the right to output the transaction. The transaction information is not stored in the wallet, but in the blockchain.

Public key: used to generate addresses and store transactions. Information is generated by the private key through an asymmetric encryption algorithm.

Wallet address: It is a 42-digit hexadecimal hash value string starting with a double letter (representing the currency). The address of ETH is 42 bits starting with 0xHexadecimal hash value string. For example: If a wallet is compared to a bank card, then the wallet address is the bank card number.

The relationship between the three is simply: the private key generates the public key, and the public key generates the address. In short, the address is your account, bank card number, and the private key is your account password. So if someone steals your private key, they will definitely have ownership of your account.

2. Characteristics of wallet

Analogy to a bank card, the private key is like our bank card password + bank card account number, and the digital currency address generated based on the public key is like Our bank card account number is used as the transfer address for transactions. Digital currency is stored in the trading market. The bank card of the wallet keeps our address and password information, giving us control over the digital currency corresponding to the address.

3. The value of wallet to blockchain

Encrypted digital currency is a digital currency based on blockchain technology. Digital currency wallets are specially used to manage these Application of assets. The wallet application creates one or more wallet addresses based on cryptographic principles, and each wallet address corresponds to a key pair: a private key and a public key.

The public key is generated by performing certain mathematical operations based on the private key, and corresponds to the private key one-to-one. The public key is mainly used for external transactions. Each transaction must use the private key to sign the transaction record to prove control over the assets in the relevant wallet address.

The private key is the only certificate that can prove control over digital assets. For digital asset wallets, the private key is the most important. The way the private key is generated and stored determines whether the asset is safe or not.

So the purpose of the wallet is to store the private key. As long as you have the private key, it means you have the corresponding token.

However, the current digital currency market has problems such as inconvenient digital management, high transaction and exchange thresholds, insufficient blockchain performance and unreasonable design, high blockchain development costs, difficulty in connecting to reality, and lack of application scenarios. And other issues. To put it simply, tokens developed based on different public chains require their own wallets, so our mobile phones are filled with apps for multiple wallets.

4. Several key words of digital wallet:

1. Wallet name:

The wallet name of the digital currency wallet is when you create the wallet Account name or nickname, each wallet address corresponds to an account name, because usually digital wallets can create multiple wallet addresses. In order to facilitate identification and management, it is necessary to set a name for each wallet address.

2. Password:

When you create a digital currency wallet account, you needTo set a password, you need to use this password to confirm when you transfer and pay; you also need to confirm the password when you back up and export the private key of the wallet or keystore; in addition, if you use keystore to import the wallet, you also need to confirm the password, and use The password can be reset when the private key is imported.

3. Mnemonic phrase:

When you create a wallet, you will be asked to record a string of mnemonic phrases, usually consisting of multiple (12, 15, 18 , 21 digits) composed of irregular English words without any rules, equivalent to the password of your digital wallet + payment password. You will be prompted to save the mnemonic phrase when creating a wallet. Please be sure to save it. It is recommended to record it in a separate notebook with a pen and keep your notebook.

4. Keystore:

The keystore is a file (json) where the wallet stores the private key. The wallet password is required when using this file. When you choose to export or import keystore, you need to enter a password. This password is the password you originally set for this wallet. This is different from using a private key or mnemonic phrase to import a wallet. Using a private key or mnemonic phrase to import a wallet does not require If you know the original password, you can reset it directly.