区块链通证的意义与作用,区块链通证能用来做什么

⑴ Blockchain "tokens" will subvert "capital"

Blockchain brings an opportunity that comes only once in 500 years. Because what it changes is not productivity, but production relations.

A person works for a company 8 hours a day. Does he have to work for a company in the future? Is it possible to be self-centered rather than company-centered? This is what blockchain technology brings us to think about.

Most people think of blockchain as a new technology, some say it is a new generation of the Internet, and some call it the digitization of currency or assets. The author believes that what blockchain is facing is to subvert the entire social relationship and social organizational form. It is a manifestation of the development of productivity to a certain stage. The Internet has brought about a great development of productivity. The previous production relations are no longer suitable for the development of productivity levels, and have even hindered the development of productivity. The exchange of new productive forces and the birth of new production relations are the token economy brought about by blockchain technology. Its impact is much more profound than the blockchain technology itself.

Previous capitalist reforms all focused on capital, and tokens will subvert the economy and even capital. The original modern company organization method of capital structure with raised funds as the core will be subverted by the future economic organization method of token structure with contribution incentives as the core. The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy, and capitalism may be subverted by tokenism.

Reshaping human organizational forms, business organizations, and corporate systems can be regarded as the greatest invention of capitalist society in the past few hundred years. It can be said that without the company, there would be no history of Britain becoming an empire on which the sun never sets, and there would be no strong rise of the United States. But as the company has developed over the years, problems have also emerged.

Labor creates value, but workers do not enjoy value, that is, those who create value do not enjoy value, and those who enjoy value do not create value. For example, in Taobao, value is created by executives, employees, consumers, distributors, and suppliers, but those who truly enjoy value are those who invest in the capital market.

The author believes that it is time for humankind’s organizational and economic forms to be reshaped. In the past, when running a company, as long as it raised funds, it could hire more people, buy more production materials, and expand reproduction. In this era of fragmentation, entrepreneurs no longer need to rely on a lot of capital to start a business. They can also crowdfund to start a business. Even if you don’t invest any money, as long as your people contribute to the company, they can enjoy the value of the company. The organization of resources has changed: funds are no longer the most important, resources are the most important.

This organizational method is fully expressed by the blockchain. Wu Xiaobo mentioned a term called "entrepreneur": entrepreneur and investor. It is unimaginable that investors and entrepreneurs can be separated. All valuable things in the company are reflected on the balance sheet, including equipment, factories, and land., is the most valuable asset. Now data and users are the most valuable assets in the future, and they are not reflected in the balance sheet.

What has always been the case is that employees in the company receive salaries, executives receive incentives plus some options, channel dealers earn product price differences, and partners earn service fees. Now this logic has changed, and the source of value has been changed. In the past, the surplus value of labor was expropriated by capital. In the future, everyone should be a contributor and enjoy. A person has a variety of resources: human resources, knowledge resources, and governance resources. Everything is centered on the individual, not around the product or the company.

Blockchain has subverted the company's core value - maximizing shareholders' interests, and also subverted the company itself.

Blockchain’s transformation of traditional companies is reflected in its fragmentation of production processes and data, which is exactly the opposite of many social organizations. In the past, in industrialized societies, business could only be done on a large scale because transaction costs were very high. Blockchain makes granular transactions possible, miniaturized and trustworthy. In the original exchange of capital flows, there must be a process of fund payment when signing a contract. After digital assetization, it can be automatically processed through smart contracts, and the company system faces various challenges.

In the future token economic structure, things that were originally considered valuable may become worthless, such as investors who form the basis of a company’s capital structure. and managers, company equity, assets, claims, capital, funds; the corporate governance structure that constitutes the company's organizational structure - shareholders' meeting, board of directors, management and employees; the accounting statements that constitute the basis of the company's financial system - costs, assets, liabilities , profit, income, depreciation, etc.

What the blockchain changes is not productivity, it changes production relations. The token system is a great invention. It is not a technology or a financing token, but a new organizational form and operation method that integrates all resources and value sharing. It is the next economic era. The "certification circle" will become a more sustainable circle with the influx of more traditional companies after the "Token circle", "chain circle" and "mining circle".

Token system reform: Token reform, chain reform, certificate reform

The chain is the skeleton, and the token is the soul. It can make a person and a community come alive. Everyone is a creator and value contributor, and everyone is an owner and enjoyer. This is the real meaning. However, the current token reform and chain reform claim to be decentralized and cannot be tampered with, but they still remain at the technical level. Technology will develop very fast in the future. This is not a problem that needs to be worried about. The biggest problem is whether the production relations have been adjusted. Just like as long as the company is established, financing and share reform are not problems.

The upper layer of the pass is Token reform, financing, ICO, and white paper, which has the function of financing and financial attributes; the lower layer is chain reform, blockchain technology, and distributionIt has technical attributes such as formal accounting, encrypted authorization, consensus mechanism, and smart contracts. They are interrelated and form a business logic, which is the core of the certificate. But now the upper and lower parts are separated. People who talk about chains call them chains, and people who talk about tokens call them tokens.

Certificate reform is the operating mechanism of a community. It is the sum of investment, production, distribution, exchange, consumption and other relationships, and has social attributes. It is not determined by the value of the chain, nor by how high the currency is speculated, but by the value of its own operation. The scope of tokens is larger than digital currency and blockchain itself. It is an adjustment of production relations when productivity has developed to a certain stage. Therefore, the future society may enter a token community organization, a token economy, or even a tokenism society.

The token economy is very important. It is the most important target tool for the future market. The economy undergoes fission, and the joint-stock economy turns to the token economy. Blockchain gives everyone a distributed account to manage and calculate people's value, thereby realizing the democratization of the economic system. Stocks are a certificate that distributes dividends based on equity. However, in the context of the digital economy, everyone's data has value. When participating in the distribution, a human value certificate - Token - appears, which is a human value certificate. Calculate using blockchain. This transformation changed the human distribution system so that everyone has the right to participate in distribution. Each person's big data is scientifically measured and essentially reflects a person's ability to create value. The token economy will take a big step forward in the civilization of human society, fully discover human value, better manage human value, and create more human value. Under this system, everyone has the right to freedom based on personal value, and there is no more exploitation and inequality.

To create value, tokens need to be issued through the blockchain. Only when the value of Token is stable can the certificate appreciate. Therefore, the transformation of the token system is a precise distribution and transaction model. Investors get certificates, producers get certificates, distributors get certificates, traders get certificates, and consumers get certificates. Balancing these five relationships requires accurate big data analysis to achieve a balanced and stable growth. mechanism. Therefore, certificate reform is not that simple. Chain reform is the participation of technology, Token reform is the preparation of white papers, and certificate reform can create core value. After centralization, the company is at the core, and decentralization is at the core of the token. A completely decentralized company has no value. Is the value of a fully centralized token zero? Does issuing Token mean the embodiment of real pass?

Many company forms will change in the future. Public companies, private companies, credit companies, market capitalization companies, and market capitalization management price-to-earnings ratios are actually issues we need to think about during the transformation of the token system. In the past, opportunities were once in 10 years, once in 30 years, and once in 100 years. Now they are once in 500 years. The author believes that blockchain is a very big opportunity. Instead of participating in the Token circle and the chain circle, it is better toCreate enterprises with real blockchain token value.

⑵ What does token economy mean?

"Token Economy" is a new concept proposed by the blockchain industry and is the core strength of the blockchain. In a nutshell, the token economy means that companies issue tokens that represent the value of their products and services, so that customers can conveniently use the tokens to consume the company's products and services. As a means of storing value, this token can be transferred and circulated, and its value comes from the use value of the company's products and services.
The essence of the token economy is the transformation of production relations. The token economy enhances the enthusiasm of every member in the ecosystem through token incentives. Every member is equal in the ecosystem, and the relationship between people is no longer so angular, achieving large-scale collaboration between people. "Certificate", as a guarantee of trust, is an effective way to achieve the transformation of this relationship. Blockchain solves the trust problem of strangers, and the token economy promotes the prosperity of blockchain applications.
Extended information
1. How to realize the value of the pass
The value of the pass depends on the ecological value of the blockchain project. Token is an economic model that serves as a medium for the token economy, decentralizing capital investment and allowing more people to participate in the construction of the blockchain ecosystem. If you want more people to join, you need to use attractive reward mechanisms to attract people to join. Different projects have different reward mechanisms, and what kind of rewards are used? In many cases, this kind of token (passport) is used to award rewards, which you "earn" through your contribution to the project. Tokens are rewards to builders or participants who have made some contribution to its blockchain ecosystem.
In the ecosystem of blockchain projects, there will be certain business models. For example, this is a taxi-hailing blockchain project. The tokens you obtain in this project can be used to pay for taxis at the beginning. When the business scale becomes larger and larger, you can use this token to pay for express trains, private cars, etc., your rights and interests will become larger and larger, and the commercial value of the project will also become larger and larger.
2. Different uses of digital currencies
Among the many digital currencies, there is one type represented by USDT, which is called "stable currency". Their exchange prices with fiat currencies are stable with little fluctuation, and in most cases it is used as a transaction intermediary for various digital currencies. This type of digital currency is very similar to legal currency in real life and plays the role of a general equivalent in digital currency transactions. For this type of digital currency, using “tokens” to refer to them is very intuitive and appropriate. There is also a type of digital currency such as ETH, whose exchange price with legal currency fluctuates greatly, and is usually used in two scenarios: one is used for speculation in various transactions, and the price difference is made profit through huge price fluctuations; the other It is used to pay gas fees (GAS) when various decentralized applications (DAPP) are deployed and run on Ethereum.
The word "pass" contains three meanings: first, its free circulation within a certain range; second, it embodies a certain kind of commonality.third, it has certain rights or usage attributes and has value. The word "token" can almost cover and explain all types of digital currencies based on blockchain today without any obstacles and in a relatively comprehensive manner. As a result, the word token began to spread quickly and widely and become popular. Because the token has value and has the characteristics of free circulation, the transfer and flow of value must be accompanied by the transfer and flow of value within the system in which the token circulates. This forms a local economy, and the concept of "token economy" was born. Law. If we look at the token economy in a narrow sense, the transactions involved in the circulation scenarios and paths of each blockchain-based digital currency, when combined, form the token economy of that digital currency. Therefore, we can say that each of these digital currencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin is a small token economy.

⑶ What does the token economy mean?

The key path to the implementation of industrial blockchain + business scenario applications is to use tokens based on the functions of economic value expression and ecological value transformation. circulation in a digital form that is easy to split and prevent counterfeiting.

Combined with the existing business model of the enterprise and consistent with the characteristics of blockchain technology, in order to solve the problems that arise in traditional business processes such as being too cumbersome, too centralized, or relying on too many intermediaries, Tongtong Demonstrate economic logic to deconstruct existing production relations, and reinterpret and build a future lightweight and convenient business ecosystem.

Three elements of the pass

1. Digital proof of rights and interests. The token must be a certificate of equity that exists in digital form, and it must represent a right, an inherent and intrinsic value. Tokens can represent all rights and interests that can be digitized, from ID cards to academic diplomas, from currency to bills, from keys and tickets to points and coupons, from stocks to bonds, accounts, ownership, qualifications, certificates and other rights and interests in human society. Proofs can all be represented by tokens.

2. Encryption. The authenticity, tamper resistance, privacy protection and other capabilities of the pass are guaranteed by cryptography. Each pass is a right protected by cryptography. This protection is stronger and more reliable.

3. Can be circulated. Tokens must be able to flow within a network so that they can be verified anytime and anywhere.

Tokens are a unique application of the blockchain. Without the tokens, the incentive effect may be reduced, and the advantages of the blockchain may not be fully utilized.

Reference for the above content: Network-Token Economic System, Network-Token

⑷ What is a token?

Tokens are rights and interests that exist in digital form Voucher represents a right, an inherent and intrinsic value. Tokens can represent all rights and interests that can be digitized, from ID cards to academic diplomas, from currency to bills, from keys and tickets to points and coupons, from stocks to bonds, accounts, ownership, qualifications, certificates and other rights and interests in human society. Proofs can all be represented by tokens.

First, passThe certificate must be tradable, which may be global circulation or partial circulation. The stronger the tradability, the stronger the properties of the certificate; secondly, the certificate must represent some kind of rights and interests and have some value; finally, the certificate must It is based on blockchain technology, because this is the guarantee for the pass as a "valid proof", and it is also the basic difference between the pass and other proofs of rights, that is, the pass is decentralized.

(4) Extended reading on the meaning of blockchain pass

Classification of pass

1. Value pass : The rights and interests of this type of pass are based on a certain value. This value may be diverse, it may directly correspond to legal currency (such as USDT anchored to the US dollar), or it may correspond to a part of a famous painting by a famous painter, etc.

2. Rights-based pass: The rights and interests of the pass are based on certain rights. For example, Damai.com once issued blockchain tickets for Zhang Xinzhe's concert. If you have the tickets, you can go to the concert. This blockchain ticket is a rights-based pass.

3. Income-type pass: By holding the pass, you can enjoy the benefits brought by the pass. This type of pass is the most common, such as Bitcoin.

Reference source: Network-Token

⑸ What does blockchain token mean?

In a broad sense: Token is a bit-based token Cryptocurrency is a virtual currency that circulates in the market and can be recognized by people. In a narrow sense, it is like things with value attached to the rights and interests in our lives, such as ID cards, invoices, real estate certificates, securities, etc., which can be used for circulation and general use on the blockchain. Everyone believes in its value, and the token can be circulated and used in certain scenarios, forming a consensus. Legal basis: Article 2 of the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" Anyone engaging in blockchain information services within the territory of the People's Republic of China must comply with these regulations. If laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail. The term “blockchain information services” as mentioned in these regulations refers to the information services provided to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems. The term "blockchain information service provider" as mentioned in these regulations refers to the entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public, as well as the institutions or organizations that provide technical support to the entities of blockchain information services; the term "blockchain" as mentioned in these regulations refers to the entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public. Chain information service users refer to organizations or individuals who use blockchain information services.

⑹ What is a pass

Correct answer: A pass is a certificate of equity that exists in digital form. It represents a right, an inherent and intrinsic value. Tokens can represent all rights and interests that can be digitized, from ID cards to academic diplomas, from currency to bills, from keys and tickets to points and coupons, from stocks to bonds, accounts, ownership, qualifications, certificates and other rights and interests in human society. Proofs can all be represented by tokens.
Token" is an important term that often appears at the same time as blockchain. Although in fact, "token" is a concept independent of blockchain and has a long history, it is undeniable that "The two concepts of "token" and "blockchain" are inextricably linked.
The meaning of token is actually quite broad, but here we only discuss the token within the scope of blockchain. After all, for the area For blockchain practitioners, tokens that are separated from the blockchain do not have critical significance, and tokens within the scope of the blockchain can also be called narrow-sense tokens. For a long time, regarding "tokens" There are many discussions on the definition, but it is generally believed that the certificate needs to contain the following three dimensions:
The first is "tong", which means it can be circulated; the second is "certificate", which means it can become a proof; and the last is "value" ”, that is, what is proved is valuable. Therefore, based on the above three aspects, we believe that the pass refers to a circulated encrypted digital proof of rights based on blockchain technology.
First of all, the pass It must be tradable, either globally or locally. The stronger the tradability, the stronger the properties of the pass; secondly, the pass must represent some kind of rights and interests and have some value; finally, the pass must be Based on blockchain technology, because this is the guarantee for the pass as a "valid proof", and it is also the basic difference between the pass and other proofs of rights and interests, that is, the pass is decentralized, and the rights and interests represented by the pass are not tamperable. Blockchain is used for protection instead of third-party credit. "Tong", "certificate" and "value" are indispensable. Without any one of them, it is not a narrow pass.
From different perspectives, we can have Various classification methods of certificates. Here we mainly explain the classification of certificates in two dimensions:

The first perspective is the type of rights and interests represented by the certificate. Based on the different types of rights and interests represented by the certificate, Enterprises can apply tokens in different directions. However, since tokens are still in the early stages of development and many equity types have yet to be developed, we currently only classify tokens into the following categories:
1. Value Type Token: The rights and interests of this type of token are based on a certain value. This value may be diverse, and may directly correspond to legal currency (such as USDT anchored to the U.S. dollar), or may correspond to a famous painting painted by a famous painter. part of, etc.
2. Rights-based pass: The rights and interests of the pass are based on certain rights. For example, Damai.com once issued blockchain tickets for Zhang Xinzhe’s concert. If you have the ticket, you can go to the concert. This Blockchain tickets are rights-based tokens.
3. Income-type tokens: By holding the token, you can enjoy the benefits brought by the token. Currently, this type of token is the most common, such as Bitcoin. Class pass. The above three kinds of pass are actually only the most common three. There are many types of rights and interests of the pass, and the possibility of existence is also very high.
Classification of pass: value pass, rights pass , income-based pass.

⑺ The value and significance of the pass

Legal analysis: The "pass" of the pass lies in its high liquidity, fast transactions, and rapid circulation. Safe and reliable, this is one of the fundamental capabilities of blockchain. Some people say that blockchain is a value exchange protocol on top of TCP/IP on the Internet. In this way, it accurately states that blockchain is the most suitable for value exchangeinfrastructure. Because of decentralization, it becomes more difficult to manually tamper with records, block circulation, affect prices, and destroy trust.

Legal basis: "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" Article 2 All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people. The organs through which the people exercise state power are the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at all levels. The people manage state affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings, and manage social affairs through various channels and forms in accordance with legal provisions.

⑻ Blockchain and Token Economy

Tokens do not necessarily have to run on the blockchain system, and the blockchain system does not necessarily have to have a pass. proof, but the combination of the two can provide us with a very powerful tool. Using blockchain as infrastructure to support the entire token economy can change our production relations, including the organizational model of our economy and society, and create new business models.

Blockchain and Token Economy

We can see several characteristics of the entire token economy, including its ability to quickly transfer value based on smart contracts. At the same time, a good token economic model can realize a closed loop of the entire economy, while providing an automatic and timely incentive mechanism and a complete game system. For different blockchain systems, the models and rules of token design are still different.

Tokens can be divided into four categories, including consensus-based consensus platform basic tokens, application ecological tokens, value-anchored tokens and equity financial tokens. However, the core of these types of tokens still lies in how to comply with laws and regulations, including how to achieve anti-money laundering and KYC.

Blockchain and Token Economy

The basic token design based on the consensus platform will be relatively simple. It is also easy to form a value closed loop. The main thing is that the pass is used as a consensus reward to reward the consensus nodes, and then the user uses the pass as a handling fee for the blockchain system.

The design of similar tokens including supporting infrastructure is also very simple, that is, providing resources to obtain tokens, and using resources requires paying for tokens. The biggest feature here is that all payments, transfers, Incentives are completed automatically and comply with the rules defined by the entire system.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Value-anchored tokens are relatively simple. The core feature is that they require a strong credit institution to endorse the value anchor. , our most common one is USDT. It is Tether that ensures the value anchoring of the US dollar and USDT in the entire system. That is to say, when he receives a US dollar, he will generate a USDT token. If someone withdraws a US dollar from his account, there will be a corresponding token. USDT is destroyed. Others include a gold-anchored project I saw before, which also requires the amount of gold in an exchange seat.Ensure the anchoring of the entire value.

The value conflicts of some systems based on asset digitization, including real estate and other transaction systems, also require housing mortgage institutions, including housing management bureaus and other institutions to freeze and hand over the above-listed assets to ensure Achieve anchoring relationships. This inspiration for us is that many blockchain application systems need to adapt to the economic system and organizational form in the real world, so the combination of centralization and decentralization may be a feasible way to implement blockchain applications. A solution.

The application-type token economic model is relatively complex. It may be a complete system that combines consensus basic tokens, value-anchored tokens, and application own tokens. We can often see that many applications are designed with this two-layer token system.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Blockchain and Token Economy

The picture shows two different two-layer token systems : The first is a dual-layer token system based on a combination of equity tokens and circulation tokens. The first dual control model should be proposed by BitShares, which was called bone wall separation at the time. The lower layer is a token based on an equity of the platform.

Because BitShares is a decentralized exchange system, the above defines the anchor tokens corresponding to transactions in various decentralized exchanges. Another such dual-layer token model design is the application project based on gold anchoring just mentioned. Its underlying equity token is also an equity token for the income of the entire platform, while the upper layer is anchored with gold. Such a circulation pass.

The gold-anchored tokens circulating in the upper level can be used in underdeveloped countries in Africa or some countries with high inflation for value payment and circulation. The underlying equity tokens are the income of the entire platform, which are some handling fees obtained from transaction circulation, including some long-term dividend tokens. The second two-layer pass model is a platform and local relationship. The underlying application platform token represents the entire value income and rights of the platform. The upper-level tokens are individual and partial tokens, which can be issued by participants or some groups. The issuance method is relatively flexible and also reflects the individual and local value. Generally speaking, slightly complex systems will be designed into a two-layer token model.

In fact, strictly speaking, if we want to consider the consensus incentives of the underlying consensus nodes, it should be a three-layer token economic model. Teacher Meng Yan has proposed a set of overall methodologies and tool models for the design and analysis of complex economic systems.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Blockchain and Token Economy

In revitalizing the economyAmong the seven principles of planning, I personally think that the value origin principle and the value loop principle are very important. The value origin principle is easy to understand. When the entire system is minimized, it has basic practical value. Just like Bitcoin and Ethereum both provide minimum value, that is, the entire network can obtain rewards through consensus, that is to say , when users running mining rewards want to use the system, they have to pay handling fees and Ethereum is equivalent to the fuel cost of running smart contracts.

In terms of the value loop principle, every role in the entire token economic system is required to be on the value loop. To form a closed loop, there cannot be a base point, and there cannot be some roles that all tokens enter. , there is no output, and some nodes only have exits but no entrances.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Blockchain and Token Economy

Eight things to know about multiple distribution and token design Traps, these contents are all designed in the system of Teacher Meng Yan. I would like to share with you some methodologies about the design of token economy, because Teacher Meng Yan has some very detailed discussions. You can check the teacher’s information online. Something to share.

However, the core idea of ​​the token economy is to create new business models. It may not be to solve some pain points, but to completely change the way the original business model operates. Since the blockchain ensures the operation and trustworthiness of all systems, reasonable incentive mechanisms will be recognized by everyone. At the same time, these principles and incentive mechanisms are transparent.

To give an interesting example of the token economic model, the token economic systems of T3D and Former 3D have become popular recently. Although it is a gambling game, the rules are even designed directly into the model of a Ponzi scheme. In fact, the design of P3D is not in line with the token model design shared by Teacher Meng Yan above. It violates the principles of value origin and value loop. But one of its innovations is that it uses Ethereum's smart contracts to formulate rules. The rules are transparent, thus avoiding problems such as cheating and banker running away.

At the same time, it proposes that Fomer 3D returns the benefits to T3D participants, thus realizing a closed loop of value loop. This example may not be very appropriate, but we can also see that the token economy still needs some innovative and scalable thinking. Therefore, the combination of the real economy and the blockchain economic system requires some innovative thinking on our part, and its core lies in motivating all parties involved.

Reasonable and timely incentives are one of the key points of the token economy. Changing the operation of the real economy based on incentive mechanisms is a powerful boost to the real economy. At the same time, the roles of consumer resource providers and contributors will overlap, and their boundaries will become blurred, so new businesses willPatterns may emerge.

Let’s take another example. This is an advertising system in the virtual world. It is based on an application of geographical location information. It divides the entire map of the real world into two kilometers square blocks. Participants Users can purchase these blocks, and then advertisers can send ads to these blocks based on positioning information, and users can earn revenue after clicking on the ads. At the same time, the owner of the geographical location block can get the corresponding share. In this case, each geographical block has a certain value and can be used to conduct some transactions. The underlying token of its platform can be used to purchase these plots for advertising or user income. In this way, all participating parties have obtained their own corresponding benefits, which is a token economic system worth learning from.

So we can see that blockchain can also achieve various applications in different industries, including the medical industry, financial industry, public service industry, etc. But no matter what, we should pay attention to a few principles. First of all, blockchain is not a panacea. In application scenarios with strong centralized trust guarantees, blockchain is not necessarily required. Blockchain is suitable for application scenarios where new credit cannot be guaranteed and multiple stakeholders participate. Rather than solving existing business pain points, blockchain is more inclined to change economic models and business models and change rules. This is also an issue that we need to pay attention to in terms of blockchain and industry applications, including in promoting the real economy.