区块链金融风险管理综述论文,区块链金融风险管理综述怎么写

① Application of blockchain in the financial field

1. Application and development of blockchain

Some Internet, Internet start-ups and traditional The financial industry has begun to try and apply blockchain in some projects

2. Domestic financial institutions are testing the waters of blockchain

Various financial institutions are testing the waters one after another, and they are basically in the conceptual experimental stage. It has not yet been commercially used on a large scale.

3. Panoramic view of blockchain application in the financial field

4. Ghostwriting

5. Digital bills

Bills are an important financial product in the financial market. They have dual functions of payment and financing. They are of high value and bear bank credit or commercial credit. Once a bill is issued, its face amount, date and other important information cannot be changed. Bills also have circulation attributes and can be accepted, endorsed, discounted, rediscounted, collected and other transactions within a specific life cycle. Once the transaction is completed, the transaction cannot be revoked. There are two characteristics in the circulation of bills: First, the circulation of bills mainly occurs through bank acceptance bills, and the number and circulation of commercial acceptance bills are small; second, each bank independently conducts credit granting and risk control on the bill business, and a single bank's Risk control results may affect other participants in the bill market transaction chain.

The experimental production system of the digital bill trading platform uses SDC (Smart Draft Chain) blockchain technology to protect privacy through cryptographic algorithms such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proof. The Byzantine Fault Tolerance Protocol (PBFT) performs consensus and uses a see-through mechanism to provide data monitoring.

The experimental production system includes four subsystems: stock exchange, bank, enterprise and monitoring: the stock exchange subsystem is responsible for managing the blockchain and monitoring the digital bill business; the bank subsystem has Digital bills have business functions such as acceptance and receipt, discount signing, rediscounting, and collection and repayment; the enterprise subsystem has business functions such as issuance, acceptance, endorsement, discounting, and prompt payment of digital bills; the monitoring subsystem monitors the status of the blockchain in real time and business occurrences

6.

② How to use blockchain to establish a commodity trading co-governance platform

With the development of blockchain in the next time Bringing about earth-shaking changes,Those who have the upper hand will have excellent opportunities, and the days of the Frankenstein-like financial system will naturally be numbered. Now the financial services industry around the world is full of all kinds of problems that are looming. On the technological platform, it seems outdated. Compared with the growth of cash, the fast digital world seems to be outstanding, showing its slow and unreliable side from time to time. It has brought billions of people, and outside the system, even the most basic financial tools. Neither can be obtained. In addition, the highly centralized nature also faces the risk of data leakage, hacking and total downtime, not to mention that its exclusive position naturally has a tendency to maintain the status quo and inhibit innovation. Blockchain is not only a powerful tool to solve these problems, but also brings a lot of innovation, allowing entrepreneurs to find more new tools to create business value on this platform.

Six reasons why blockchain can have a profound impact on the financial services industry, break the existing exclusive structure, allow individuals and corporate organizations to have real opportunities to choose, and create a managed business value.

1. Efficiency of proof. For the first time in history, humans can complete commercial transactions without knowing each other and without a basis for mutual trust.

2. Cost. The network architecture of the blockchain completes the work of clearing and settlement through point-to-point digital transfer, and these actions are continuously carried out, so that the ledger information is always maintained in the latest state.

3. Efficiency. Now it takes us three to seven days to complete the remittance and two to three days to complete the stock delivery. When applying for a bank loan, it usually takes a stifling 23 days to get it approved.

4. Risk management. Blockchain can mitigate many financial risks; checkout risk is just one of them. The other is counterparty risk, and the most important is systemic risk.

5. Value innovation. The purpose of establishing the Bitcoin blockchain is simple. It does not include other assets except Bitcoin. However, since the blockchain adopts the original code method, it also provides room for modification. Some people who pursue innovation are developing other projects. Alternative coins and blockchain scum must first compete with Bitcoin.

6. Open source. The financial services industry is a system that has been formed by stacking layers of early technologies on top of each other. Now it is crumbling. It is very difficult to promote change in this field now, because every time we improve this kind of engineering, we must go back. Blockchain is an open source technology. You can continue to pursue innovation and keep testing back and forth until you can do it. Achieve satisfactory results on the consensus of network architecture.

The above six advantages. It can change not only payment methods, but also securities, industrial investment, bank accounting and verification work. Venture capital, insurance companies, risk management, retail banking and other pillars that support the industry are also likely to keep up with the pace of change.

③ Why should blockchain technology be used in the financial field, and what are the substantial benefits?

The main advantages of blockchain technology in the financial field are disintermediation and great reduction. cost.

First of all, the financial industry is currentlyTo prevent single points of failure and systemic risks, layers of audits are required to control financial risks, but this also results in high internal costs. And due to the increasing number of regulatory regulations, especially the 2008 financial crisis, the threshold for financial control has continued to rise, and the war on terrorism has led to the scope of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing, which has gradually expanded the breadth and depth of supervision, resulting in the entire financial The regulatory costs of the system have increased dramatically. In this case, blockchain technology can greatly reduce costs for the entire financial system through tamper-proof and highly transparent methods.
According to a report released by Santander, Spain’s largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.

In addition, due to historical reasons, traditional financial institutions rely on central clearing houses for settlement and clearing, and the resulting problem is low efficiency. Traditional cross-border settlements go through institutions like SWIFT, so cross-border wire transfers are often calculated on a daily basis. However, when Bitcoin uses blockchain technology, it has been running perfectly for seven years without a centralized operating organization. Not only can it achieve real-time settlement and clearing, but there has been no accounting error.
So, if all financial systems can achieve decentralized real-time settlement and clearing, it will not only greatly improve global financial efficiency, but also change the pattern of global finance.

④ What challenges does my country’s blockchain development face?

At present, the current development status of my country’s blockchain technology is that there are many patents, few papers and few codes, no independent secure and controllable underlying platform, and no software and hardware. The integrated platform will directly lead to the technical risk of the core technology of the blockchain being controlled by others, the financial risk of foreign open source platforms seizing the financial market, and the economic risk of foreign open source platforms penetrating our country's real and virtual economy. Therefore, it is very important to implement blockchain applications as soon as possible. Now various places have implemented applications with policy support. Changsha High-tech Zone has officially implemented a blockchain project, called SMIC Blockchain Service Platform, which is a The government-enterprise service platform, in cooperation with Changsha Bank, Dean Judicial Services, etc., is now in the stage of recruiting companies to join the chain.

⑤ What does blockchain finance do?

Coin speculation and so on.

The current application of blockchain technology is virtual currency. Therefore, virtual currency is also known as the first birth product of blockchain in the true sense. The popularity of virtual currency is also obvious to all, and it has set off an investment frenzy in many countries. According to foreign media reports, the number of people holding virtual currency transactions in the United States has reached 5 million; South Korea is estimated to be the craziest nation in the world for speculating on coins, with 1 in every 50 people speculating on coins, and 31% of working-class people. Buy and sell virtual currencies; Venezuela has even issued the world’s first nationally sovereign virtual currency - StoneOil coins.

With the popularity of virtual currency, market investors are no longer satisfied with the conventional trading method of buying low and selling high, but are actively seeking simpler and more convenient trading methods to obtain more profits. The trend of virtual currency The trading method was born from this, and successfully captured the hearts of investors in a short period of time, becoming a mainstream trading method.

According to

it is understood that the virtual currency trend trading method is exclusively launched by SPEEDXO, an internationally experienced financial service provider. Yes, it mainly trades currency pairs composed of virtual currency and real currency, and it can make profits as long as it is bullish or bearish. For example, if investors are trading "Bitcoin/USD", they only need to judge whether the price will rise or fall after 30 seconds, and follow the trend to buy whether the price rises or falls. If they buy in the right direction after 30 seconds, they will get 93% of the invested amount. Net income. It is precisely because of this advantage of making money in both ups and downs, taking a short time, and not needing to take orders, that the trend trading method quickly became popular in the entire currency circle.

⑥ How financial institutions identify and respond to potential risks brought by financial technology

Potential risks brought by the development and application of financial technology to financial institutions

Internet technology and finance The high degree of integration of financial technology, which is a light-asset-heavy service network model, has slowly penetrated into financial models and business types, gradually producing a catfish effect and demonstration effect on traditional financial businesses, and promoting changes in financial institutions. However, information asymmetry in the network virtual environment, low transparency of transaction processes, and the inability to guarantee information security make traditional financial institutions prone to moral hazard, technical risk, credit risk, legal risk, and other macro-risks such as reputational risk and systemic risk. Micro risks such as risks, operational risks, market risks, and liquidity risks.

Financial technology is the product of the combination of Internet technology and traditional finance. Financial institutions face many problems when developing financial technology and cooperating with Internet companies. To summarize the causes of financial technology risks for financial institutions, they mainly include the following: Aspects: First, vague financial technology policies, lack of laws, and lagging supervision can easily lead to legal risks and market risks; such as the frequent occurrence of risks such as Ezubao and Dada Group; second, information in the virtual environment of the Internet Asymmetry, opaque transactions, and uncertain identities can easily lead to moral hazard; third, financial technology’s dependence on information systems, tamperability, and vulnerability to attacks can easily lead to technical risks; fourth, the differences between financial technology and traditional financial businesses Intersectionality, comprehensiveness, and substitution can easily lead to systemic risks.

Financial Institutions’ Fintech Risk Classification and Risk Identification

In its essence, Fintech is still finance, and its activities do not deviate from the scope of financial financing, credit creation, and risk management, and do not violate The objective law of risk-return matching has not changed the characteristics of financial risks such as concealment, suddenness, contagion and negative externalities. Not only that, the multi-dimensional openness and multi-directional interactivity of modern cyberspace have made the spread and diffusion speed of financial technology risks, spillover effects and other impacts far exceed traditional finance. The main risk categories for financial institutions conducting financial technology business include the following aspects.

(1) Financial institutions deploy financial technology P2P business, which can easily lead to credit risks. On the one hand, traditional financial institutions have been deploying financial technology businesses. Due to my country's imperfect credit environment and incomplete credit entry data, credit risks are easily caused; on the other hand, traditional financial institutions provide fund custody services for P2P platforms and develop projects based on the platforms themselves. In terms of review and fund management, once credit problems arise on the platform, it will be difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, which will easily lead to accountability for the fund custody of traditional financial institutions, leading to the outbreak of credit risks.

(2) Cooperation between financial institutions and third-party payment, crowdfunding and Internet financial management can easily lead to legal risks. Traditional financial institutions use third-party payment channels to invest in online money market funds, and gradually expand to regular financial management, insurance financial management, index funds, etc. Payment institutions will use fund depository accounts to form fund pools, resulting in a sharp increase in the amount of reserve funds, and payment institutions Illegal operations and misappropriation of reserve funds cause difficulties for customers to redeem, thereby triggering legal risks; illegal fund-raising, fund-raising fraud, money laundering and other illegal issues caused by cooperation with illegal operating companies can easily lead to legal risks.

(3) Financial institutions build financial technology comprehensive operating platforms, which can easily lead to operational risks. Traditional financial institutions have deployed financial technology comprehensive service platforms one after another, integrating financial investments, financing services, securities transactions, fund purchases and other financial services into online platforms. By opening up the boundaries of banking, political and insurance businesses, they have improved the level of comprehensive operations and enhanced customer stickiness. The convenience of the financial technology platform prompts the platform to update information and facilitate user operations. However, on the one hand, it is easy to lack sufficient investor education when opening an account online, which can easily lead to improper investor operations. On the other hand, due to business overlap, it is easy to cause internal control and operation. Improper design of the program may result in loss of investor funds or leakage of identity information, which may lead to operational risks.

(4) Cooperation between financial institutions and P2P, Internet financial management, and Internet banks can easily lead to liquidity risks. On the one hand, P2P and Internet financial management violate regulations and use split bids to promise investors guaranteed principal and interest, centralized redemption, etc., which can easily lead to liquidity risks. On the other hand, third-party payment accounts are highly active and are involved in the field of financial technology. There is a risk factor of fund maturity mismatch. Once there is a big fluctuation in the currency market, there will be a large-scale fund run, which will trigger liquidity risk.

(5) The development and popularization of mobile communication technology can easily lead to information technology risks. The security of mobile communication technology largely depends on the IT technology of the network platform, risk identification technology, and technology to resist hacker and virus attacks. In recent years, incidents of fake base stations, forged bank service information, and information “draining” and “credential stuffing” have occurred frequently. If precautions are not taken properly, information technology risks can easily occur.

(6) Financial institutions involved in baby money fund business have regulatory arbitrage risks.. On the one hand, it leads to cross-border product functions. On the other hand, there may be arbitrage from different regulatory standards. For example, investment in Internet “baby” products and bank agreement deposit funds are not general deposits and do not require the payment of deposit reserves, and are considered by some to be a form of regulatory arbitrage.

Fintech risk response mechanism for financial institutions

At present, regulatory authorities have begun to formulate cross-border Internet financial management and cross-border financial business regulations in the fintech industry. Traditional financial risk response mechanisms are no longer able to Financial innovation adapted to the Internet. On the one hand, the Internet business prevents risks through innovative technological supervision in establishing negative lists, behavioral supervision and investor suitability principles; on the other hand, it is imperative to strengthen the classified protection of assets, funds and investors and strengthen risk control capabilities. OK. In addition, according to the "Guidelines for the Consolidated Management and Supervision of Commercial Banks", whether it is the collaboration of cross-products and cooperative businesses between subsidiaries of the banking group, or between subsidiaries and other financial institutions, or the corporate governance, Capital and finance must be comprehensively and continuously controlled under the existing system. Therefore, when traditional financial institutions deploy financial technology or cooperate with related enterprises, in order to prevent cross-industry risk contagion, they must also integrate the risk categories of financial technology into the current risk management system and build an integrated and comprehensive risk management system to effectively identify and measure , monitor and control the overall risk status after consolidation.

(1) To reasonably control financial technology internal control risks, first of all, financial institutions should establish a complete internal control mechanism to prevent financial technology risks, improve financial institutions’ internal control, operational management and ability to resist external risks, and effectively prevent operational risks; secondly, strengthen the awareness of financial institutions operating risks in compliance with laws and regulations, strengthen employees' moral education and behavioral control, improve employees' professional quality, and effectively prevent moral risks; thirdly, strengthen the monitoring of accounts and fund flows, and strictly enforce identity identification, Transaction review, large-amount reconciliation, etc.; fourth, establish differentiated business strategies for risk taking and risk transfer of financial institution subsidiaries to effectively prevent and resolve reputational risks; finally, establish risk early warning and emergency measures to deal with suspected illegal fund-raising and fund-raising fraud. We must ensure early warning, early handling, and early reporting of illegal activities such as money laundering and money laundering. Once discovered, collection measures will be taken and judicial protection procedures will be quickly initiated to effectively prevent legal risks.

(2) Strengthen financial technology and information technology risk prevention. First, improve the core technical level of financial technology and operate a security prevention system, such as maintaining operating system security, firewall technology, virtual private network technology, intrusion detection technology, Financial information and data security prevention technologies, etc., to prevent technical risks such as system failures, hacker attacks, and virus implantation; secondly, build a self-built credit information collection and application system, cooperate with regulatory agencies to achieve information sharing, and use information technology to achieve on-site and off-site inspection to effectively prevent illegal fund-raising, fund-raising fraud, money laundering and other criminal activities through Internet technology, and effectively prevent systemic risks; finally, use advanced big data mining, blockchain and other technologies to establishThe credit assessment system and risk warning model effectively prevent legal risks arising from information leakage.

(3) Construct a financial technology risk quantitative monitoring indicator system. First, use quantitative indicators to analyze the operation of financial technology, strengthen financial technology risk management and macro decision-making. Financial institutions can separately list financial technology on the asset quality side. The sector regularly provides financial technology product liquidity risk, credit risk, operational risk capital and other quantitative indicator risk monitoring. Secondly, you can rely on the current risk control indicator model to select indicators, such as the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) used across banks, securities and insurance to prevent redemption liquidity risks, and use the five-level asset portfolio Prevent credit risks through classified monitoring, or prevent operational risks by allocating capital for key risk exposures. Finally, a basic framework for risk data collection is constructed from a comprehensive statistical perspective, and an indicator system is constructed by gathering relevant information on financial technology sub-platforms to form a unified monitoring framework that is integrated with the current risk management system as a supplement to the traditional financial risk management system.

(4) To avoid financial technology risk contagion, first of all, as financial technology becomes increasingly complex with the mutual migration and crossover of a large number of customers, it should formulate a single user profile? Individual transaction objects or the groups to which affiliated enterprises belong? Limits on risk concentration types such as specific commodity risk positions and specific information service providers to resist the risk of cross-contagion caused by excessive concentration of transactions. Secondly, for different online lending sub-platforms owned by financial institutions, information systems for the same person, the same related person or the same related enterprise can be established, and a dynamic risk adjustment mechanism of borrowing amount thresholds between platforms can be used to effectively prevent possible risks arising from cross-platform lending activities. Risk of breach of contract or malicious fraud. Finally, establish a notification mechanism for major credit emergencies in the financial technology sector to prevent cross-infection risks when crises occur.

⑦ What are the basic knowledge about blockchain

1. Application of blockchain technology in banking industry

The biggest feature of blockchain technology It is decentralization, and this feature will reduce a lot of costs for the banking industry. The development of digital currency will make it possible to realize real-time digital transactions in banks. For example, in bill transactions, bank bill transactions have always relied on a third party to realize the transfer of valuable certificates. Even electronic bill transactions require interactive authentication through information from the central bank's ECDS system. . Blockchain technology can realize point-to-point transfer of value and no longer requires centralized system control. This not only speeds up the speed of ticket transfer, but more importantly, it can reduce errors caused by human factors and reduce processes. Naturally, it will reduce the bank's demand for personnel and save the bank's labor costs.

2. Application of blockchain technology in the insurance industry

Blockchain technology also has incomparable advantages in the insurance industry. From a data management perspective, insurance companies’ application of blockchain technology can effectively improve risk management and control capabilities, including insurance companies’ risk supervision andThere are two aspects of risk management for policyholders.

The application of blockchain technology in the insurance industry can strengthen the internal risk supervision of insurance companies. Blockchain technology can record the daily operating processes of insurance companies on nodes, and can achieve in-process control over the company's capital flow, investment status, compensation payments and other businesses, and improve the company's risk management and control capabilities.

3. Application of blockchain technology in the securities industry

The application of blockchain technology in the securities industry can increase the flexibility of securities issuance. Companies issuing securities can use smart contracts , by setting the method and time of securities issuance, securities can even be issued 24 hours a day under the most ideal condition.

4. Blockchain technology and financial infrastructure

Blockchain technology uses a decentralized mechanism to exchange value, which will lead to a modern world characterized by centralization. Some financial infrastructures have undergone earth-shaking changes.

5. Application of blockchain technology in supply chain

The application of blockchain technology in supply chain first provides credit guarantee , the blockchain records the circulation information of commodities, etc., which can prove the true reliability of commodities and their circulation, so as to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the utility of enterprises on the chain, etc., and has become an important factor for corporate bank loan credit, financing credit, An effective guarantee for transaction credit.