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『一』 What are the applications of the hot blockchain technology in the financial system

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The imApp2.0 version of the Blockchain Application Center has been officially launched. imApp is the world's first blockchain application store that provides dividends to all people. It aims to create a super entrance to the blockchain industry and make it easier for users to use blockchain applications. The interface of imApp version 2.0 is more concise and beautiful, the function has added news and DAPP, and the content has enriched the guessing game. Users can obtain the IMAPP Ecological Pass IA by browsing, forwarding, downloading, updating, and opening applications through IMAPP. imApp has officially reached a strategic cooperation with the Bitcoin Diamond Foundation. The ecological token IA can be exchanged for Bitcoin Diamond BCD at a certain ratio.

『二』What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database that simultaneously operates Wu Zhibu is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information. (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

2. In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China’s economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the renaissance that generations have been striving for. dream.

Puyin Group held the Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony in Guizhou on December 9, 2016. At the meeting, the blockchain will realize the digital circulation of assets and the blockchain financial transaction model. , and discuss the application of blockchain services and social public industries.
A detailed explanation of each application is as follows:
1. Digital Currency
At present, the most extensive and successful application of blockchain technology is the digital currency represented by Bitcoin. Digital currency has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the characteristics of decentralized credit and frequent transactions, it has a high transaction value and can maintain a relatively stable price through the development of hedging financial derivatives as a quasi-super-sovereign currency. Digital currency has established digital currency transaction credit backed by sovereign currency. The greater the transaction volume and the more frequent transactions, the stronger the digital currency transaction credit foundation. Once the blockchain credit system is implemented globally, digital currency will become a gold-like global payment credit.
2. Payment and settlement
At this stage, settlement and payment of commercial trade transactions all rely on banks. This traditional payment method is through intermediaries.Transactions must go through the account opening bank, counterparty bank, central bank, and overseas bank. In this process, each institution has its own accounting system, needs to establish an agency relationship with each other, and needs a credit line; each transaction needs to be recorded in its own bank, and must also be cleared and reconciled with the counterparty, resulting in Transactions are slow and costly. Compared with the traditional payment system, blockchain payment is carried out directly by both parties to the transaction without involving intermediaries. Even if part of the network is paralyzed, it will not affect the operation of the entire system. If a universal distributed inter-bank financial transaction protocol is built based on blockchain technology to provide users with cross-border, real-time payment and clearing services in any currency, cross-border payments will become convenient and low-cost.
Take cross-border exchange as an example. If I open an account in a small bank in my country and transfer money to another small bank abroad, the transfer process under the traditional SWIFT system requires the following steps: First, I send money to the small bank to which I belong. Banks submit applications; second, small banks submit applications to large banks in the same country that have signed exchange terms; third, large banks wire transfers to overseas cooperative banks; fourth, cooperative banks remit funds to small overseas banks. Currently, the process takes anywhere from 10 minutes to two days, depending on the country. If you use blockchain-based settlement technology and place an order at a market maker while remitting RMB, a trading bank participating in the system in the world will receive the order, and the two parties will shake hands to complete the exchange. The average payment confirmation speed will be in a few seconds. Within seconds.
3. Digital bills
Digital bills are a brand-new bill presentation form developed by combining blockchain technology with bill attributes, regulations, and markets. It is completely consistent with the technical architecture of the existing electronic bill system. different. The core advantages of digital bills are mainly reflected in: First, the disintermediation of the value transfer of bills. In traditional bill transactions, bill intermediaries often use information differences to match. After point-to-point transactions are realized with the help of blockchain, bill intermediaries will lose their intermediary functions and reposition their identities. The second is to effectively prevent bill market risks. Due to the blockchain's non-tamperable timestamps and the fact that it is open to the entire network, once a transaction is made, there will be no default, thus avoiding the problems of "one vote selling more" for paper tickets and out-of-sync payment and endorsement of electronic tickets. Third, the system construction and data storage do not require a central server, eliminating the development costs of central applications and access systems, reducing the maintenance and optimization costs of the system under the traditional model, and reducing the risks caused by system centralization. The fourth is to standardize market order and reduce regulatory costs. The non-tamperable timestamp formed by the continuous connection of blockchain data greatly reduces the cost of regulatory review. The completely transparent data management system provides a trustworthy traceability path, and shared constraints can be established in the chain for regulatory rules through programming. code to achieve full coverage and hard control of regulatory policies.
4. Proof of Rights and Interests
Every node participating in the maintenance of the blockchain can obtain a complete data record. Using the characteristics of the blockchain's reliability and collective maintenance, the rights of the owners of rights and interests can be confirmed. Blockchain is the ideal solution for the need to store permanent recordsThe solution is suitable for scenarios such as land ownership and equity transactions. Among them, proof of equity is the field with the most applications currently. Equity owners can prove their ownership of the equity with their private keys. When the equity is transferred, it is transferred to the next owner through the blockchain system. The property rights are clear and the records are clear. The entire process does not require the involvement of a third party.
During a keynote address at the 2015 European Financial Journalism Awards for Excellence in Trading Technology in London, Nasdaq CEO Bob Greifeld announced that the exchange intends to use blockchain technology to manage its proxy voting system. Proxy voting is an important and time-consuming operation used by a listed exchange. The application of blockchain technology can allow shareholders to vote without having to attend the company's annual meeting. People can vote using their mobile phones, and Always keep voting records. Blockchain technology is regarded as an advanced technology in the field of equity trading that can ensure transparent transactions in a shorter time.
5. Bank Credit Reference
At present, when developing commercial bank credit business, whether it is for enterprises or individuals, the most basic consideration is the financial credit of the borrower itself. Each bank uploads the repayment status of each borrower to the central bank's credit reference center. When inquiries are needed, the bank will download the reference from the central bank's credit reference center with the customer's authorization. There are problems such as incomplete information, inaccurate data, low usage efficiency, and high usage costs. In this field, the advantage of blockchain is that it relies on program algorithms to automatically record massive information and store it on every computer in the blockchain network. The information is transparent, difficult to tamper with, and has low cost of use. Commercial banks store and share customers' credit status in their own institutions in an encrypted form. When applying for a loan, customers do not have to go to the central bank to apply for a credit check, that is, decentralization. The lending institution can retrieve the corresponding information data from the blockchain. Complete all credit reporting work.
In short, blockchain has become one of the hot spots of innovation in the financial industry. However, as a new technology, blockchain also has considerable risks. The current settlement system based on blockchain technology is very sensitive to regulatory risks. If participants are worried about the uncertainty of regulatory policies, it may cause the payment system to collapse due to instability. In addition, since its operating rights are controlled by developers, the obvious technical disadvantage is that if the operator itself controls more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network, it can achieve double payment, leading to a breakdown of trust. This is also an important issue that needs to be solved during the application of blockchain technology.

『四』How to use blockchain in new retail

First, use blockchain technology to connect the supply chains of participants in different commodity circulation with the blockchain storage system. connect. These include origins, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, brands and consumers. Make each participant's information viewable in the blockchain system.
Secondly, the operators of the blockchain alliance chain can be roughly divided into the following categories: alliance chain, automation, visualization, data efficiency, cross-chain bridging. Each link has a complete set of operating mechanisms, and the data chain information has Comprehensiveness, automation, openness, efficiency, rationality and linkage.
This operation and management mechanism is more scientific and rational. Especially in the food industry, taking beef as an example, through the unique traceability code of the purchased beef, consumers can clearly understand the authenticity of the purchased beef and the full traceability information, which greatly enhances trust. At the same time, big data public opinion helps companies carry out smart marketing activities such as brand cultural promotion to maximize the benefits of companies and consumers.
Finally, based on the fact that the retail industry naturally has the remarkable characteristics of fragmented transaction data, diversified transaction nodes, and complicated transaction networks, the collection, storage, and integration of information on commodity production, circulation, and delivery are the end-to-end retail supply chain. The core proposition of management.
Hongqiao Technology uses blockchain to replace the paper model in the existing cross-border trade process, and forms a closed-loop self-certification capability for data on the chain through the integrity and correlation of trusted transaction data. Improve the document review speed and process operation efficiency in cross-border trade. Customs can directly manage the entire process of cross-border trade, review the transaction process in real time, and quickly and accurately analyze and control risks.

What blockchain apps are there in "Wu"

Blockchain apps include: NetEase Planet Base, Shulian App, Lianxiang Finance, Shijilin Blockchain Trading Platform, District Blockchain electronic wallet, Ostrich Blockchain, GXS Wallet, Coin Wallet, Youling Wallet.

5. Youling Wallet

Youling App creates a personal-centered value exchange network and ecology, and creates decentralized interactive entertainment and zones for all. Blockchain new economic platform.

Youling App adopts a decentralized open model, allowing individuals (third-party developers) to develop various applications based on the Youling open platform. Each user can freely choose applications to build their own homepage, including but Not limited to: souvenirs, live broadcasts, sharing, communities, service sales, and product sales.

『Lu』 There are many blockchain applications now. What kind of good blockchain applications are there? Where can I get a clear understanding of them?

I want to know about blockchain. For chain applications, you can refer to many books and opinions, including "Blockchain in Pictures", "Blockchain: Reshaping the Economy and the World", "New Economic Blueprint and Introduction", as well as articles from the Binance community, including comments on the Binance community I also know this platform in detail, and its strength is awesome.

1. What is blockchain

Blockchain, as the name suggests, is composed of blocks and chains. It is a distributed data storage , point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other new application models of computer technology. It is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable, unforgeable, safe and trustworthy distributed ledger.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed blockchain and encryption in his paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"The idea of ​​digital currency. Starting from Bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies.

2. The working principle of blockchain:

1. Basic concepts include:
(1) Transaction: one operation will change the ledger status once , such as adding a record;
(2) Block: records transactions and status data that occurred within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current ledger status;
(3) Chain ( Chain): It is composed of blocks connected in chronological order and is a log record of the entire state change.
Understanding the working concept of blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data record book. This record book only allows additions, deletions and changes. Its structure is composed of individual data records. A linear chain formed by "blocks" connected in series (this is also the origin of the name "blockchain"). To add new data, it must be placed in a new block. The maintenance node can propose a new block. However, a certain consensus mechanism must be used to reach agreement on the final selected block.

2. Take Bitcoin as an example to see how the blockchain works.

Bitcoin blocks are divided into two parts: block header and block body.

3. Core advantages and characteristics of blockchain

1. Decentralization
Block The processes of verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of chain data are all based on the distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations of any node are equal. The data blocks in the system are composed of Nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system are jointly maintained.
2. Open and transparent
The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain through the public interface. Data and development related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Security
The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment. , so that trust in "people" is changed to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.
4. Information cannot be tampered
Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system (almost impossible) can be controlled at the same time, otherwise Modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high.
5. Anonymity
Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to By disclosing one's identity, the other party can create trust and confidence in the other partyThe accumulation is very helpful.

4. Classification of Blockchains

Currently, the most mainstream classification of Blockchains is to divide Blockchains into Public Blockchains based on different participants. ), Private Blockchain and Consortium Blockchain.

1. Public chain: Anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain effective confirmation of the blockchain. The public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present. , typically such as the Bitcoin blockchain, the information is completely public.

If a permission mechanism is introduced, it will include private chain and alliance chain.
2. Private chain: A company or individual only uses blockchain technology and has exclusive write permission to the blockchain, and the information is not made public. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) all want to experiment with private blockchains, and the application products of private blockchains are still being explored.
3. Consortium chain: It is a blockchain between the public chain and the virtual chain, jointly controlled by multiple organizations. The use of this chain is managed with authority and can be controlled by managers and also based on The manager's wishes are open to others.
In addition, according to the different usage scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it is divided into currency chains for the purpose of digital currency, property rights chains for the purpose of recording property rights, crowdfunding chains for the purpose of crowdfunding, etc. .

5. Analysis of specific application scenarios of blockchain

1. Information anti-counterfeiting

On May 28, Tencent CEO Ma Huateng spoke at the Guiyang Digital Expo The problem of Moutai anti-counterfeiting has been raised: the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud-based comprehensive blockchain technology will be much more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. In future anti-counterfeiting verification scenarios, users may only need to perform a simple scan with their mobile phone to obtain a large amount of complete information based on different dimensions.

Take Moutai as an example:

Distillery address, production workshop, operating employees, inspectors, factory time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

The vintage source of raw materials for wine, raw material suppliers, storage warehouse numbers, raw material transportation vehicles and driver information,

All information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and cannot be tampered with.

The authenticity can be easily verified based on the above information.

2. Food safety issues

As early as November last year, Walmart had cooperated with IBM to ensure food safety by using blockchain technology to track food sources. safety and increase the circulation of food to reduce costs. For large supermarkets such as Wal-Mart, when food safety problems occurred in the past, it took several days to investigate the source of the problematic food. After using this technology, only one piece of information about the product is required. It can accurately trace the source of important information such as food origin, inspectors, suppliers, logistics and transportation, and quickly detect problems within a few minutes. Currently using blockchain trackingProducts include packaged products from the United States and pork from China.

3. Information Security

Blockchain technology is promoting a revolution in information security technology. Three major security threats: man-in-the-middle attack, data tampering, and DDoS

(1) Identity protection

PKI is a common public key encryption used in various communication applications such as email, messaging applications, and websites. technology. However, since most PKI implementations rely on a centralized trusted third-party certification authority (CA) to issue, activate and store user certificates, hackers can attack PKI to fake user identities or crack encrypted information.

CertCoin is the first blockchain PKI implementation, coming from MIT, which removes the centralized certification center and uses the blockchain as a distributed ledger of domain names and public keys.

Pomcor Company: Blockchain PKI implementation path: retain the certification center and use the blockchain to store hash values ​​of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, while also improving network access performance through local authentication of keys and signatures based on blockchain copies.

(2) Data integrity protection

GuardTime has developed a keyless signature architecture (KSI) based on blockchain technology to replace key-based data authentication technology. KSI stores hashes of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs hashing algorithms to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored on the blockchain. Any tampering with the data will be quickly detected because the original hash table is stored on millions of nodes.

(3) Protection of critical infrastructure

The "Achilles' heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, and DDoS is still the easiest way for hackers to defeat large targets at low cost. As a weapon, DNS services are the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale damage, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve it.

The distributed storage of blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system using the Ethereum blockchain and the InterPlanetary Internet File System (IPFS, a distributed alternative to HTTP product) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching. Caching makes DDoS attacks possible and is also the bane of centralized governments censoring social networks and manipulating DNS registrations. A highly transparent, distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from manipulating records.

IV. Financial Industry

(1) Digital Currency: Improving the convenience of currency issuance and use

For example, foreign Bitcoin and Ethereum, our country currently There are Nuo Compao and so on.

From the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, to the rise of the Bitcoin network, more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and gradually outside of digital currency applied in many scenarios.

(2) Cross-border payment and settlement: implementation pointDo-it-yourself transactions reduce intermediate fees

Transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and speed up settlement; using virtual currency does not require the intervention of a clearing house, reducing transaction fee. The clearing procedures of each country are different. It takes 2 or 3 days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer going through a third party, point-to-point payment is formed through blockchain technology. Eliminating the need for third-party institutions, you can make payments throughout the day, receive money in real time, quickly withdraw cash, and reduce hidden costs, helping to avoid financial risks. It is timely and convenient.

(3) Bills and supply chain financial business: reduce human intervention, reduce costs and operational risks

Point-to-point value transfer, physical bills or central system for control and verification; intermediary will be eliminated and human intervention reduced. Improved efficiency, smoother financing channels, lower risks, and benefits for all parties.

(4) Securities issuance and trading: realize quasi-real-time asset transfer and accelerate transaction clearing speed

The application of blockchain technology can make the securities trading process simpler, more transparent and faster , Reduce IT systems with repetitive functions and improve the efficiency of market operations. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or spreadsheet records, reduce human errors in transactions, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platforms. Citi and Nasdaq collaborate to advance blockchain applications.

(5) Customer credit reporting and anti-fraud: reduce legal compliance costs and prevent financial crimes

Customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify Abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reporting system. When banks perform "know your customer" (KYC), the data of customers with bad records will be stored in the blockchain.

Equity crowdfunding: Equity crowdfunding based on blockchain technology can achieve decentralized trust and investors’ returns are guaranteed.

5. Supply chain management

Distributed ledger system, participants track the ownership of assets throughout the process, and can be used to track auto parts when moving between countries and factories.

Toyota is developing blockchain technology solutions for its core parts supply chain operations. Using a large amount of data helps Toyota more efficiently ensure the accuracy of recorded data and can also help manage the supply chain. At the same time, the blockchain supply chain can control warranty, repair goods-related costs and specifications through smart contracts, and transactions throughout the product life cycle are irrevocable.

The shipping industry’s first public solution, deployed by Maritime Transport International (MTI), uses blockchain supply chain technology to share Verified Gross Mass (VGM) information for shipping containers. Information about container VGM is important to ensure ships are properly stowed and to prevent accidents at sea and in ports. VGM data is stored on the blockchain supply chain, providing port officials, shipping companies, shippers and cargo ownersPermanent record. This replaces cumbersome logs, spreadsheets, data brokers and private databases.

Logistics Integrity System Wagonbang Wagonbang launched a blockchain-based financial solution for logistics enterprises, aiming to provide enterprises with reliable financial services. It can not only help drivers solve the problem of loan difficulty, but also change the current situation of lack of integrity in the industry and help build a logistics integrity system. Help build the identity chain of logistics companies and create a trusted data ecosystem for logistics companies. Using a transparent, supervisory, and traceable algorithm model, we screen reliable companies that need financial support and provide them with financial services. On the other hand, at the technical level, various law enforcement departments are linked to jointly punish dishonest companies.

6. Government management

(1) Election

Based on the characteristics of blockchain technology and considering the shortcomings of current election technology, we will build an open source , Blockchain applications for elections, voting and lottery, we call it ElectionChain. We hope to optimize election and voting technology to make voting more open and transparent, reduce human manipulation, and allow voters to verify their election results.

Including identity authentication, multi-chain system, flash investment protocol, consensus algorithm EDPOS, privacy protection, voting mechanism design, decentralized ELC rental market, storage solutions, smart contracts, etc.

(2) Government services

Aiming to realize an e-government digital ecosystem based on blockchain technology and provide citizens with government services and an automated mechanism for the business of various government departments, it must be All areas of national government affairs are combined to form a common information space, including government agencies, economic data, financial transactions and social fields. This ecosystem should also include registries and corresponding software for building smart contract-based applications and platforms for government agencies, businesses and public users.