区块链 于浩,刘明区块链

『一』Is the popularity of blockchain a hype?

Recently, the virtual digital currency market has become popular, and blockchain technology has also become popular. At present, many ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and many industry giants at home and abroad have established specialized teams or laboratories to actively promote research on blockchain technology and its applications.

On October 13, 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting Supply Chain Innovation and Application" and proposed that relevant enterprises study the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence Use emerging technologies such as intelligence to establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on the supply chain. Promote the organic docking of various supply chain platforms and strengthen the disclosure and sharing of information such as credit ratings, credit records, risk warnings, illegal and untrustworthy behaviors.

At present, not only many financial institutions, related enterprises, and scientific research teams are actively investing in researching blockchain technology, but many ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, have also set up specialized teams or laboratories to actively promote blockchain technology and its applications. Research.

The market generally believes that blockchain technology is expected to further develop in the following aspects.

——In the financial field, it can record all transaction party information, process steps, time series and other core information in financial transactions, and ensure the authenticity and non-tamperability of the information.

——Supply chain management can record the status of goods and the flow of funds in real time to ensure the authenticity of transactions. Improve supply chain transparency while effectively preventing counterfeits from entering the market.

——Food safety management, large supermarket chains can use data blockchain technology to track the origin of food, improve food traceability, and track and review the production and transportation process of food at a lower cost.

——Media and public communication, in the Internet public opinion environment, can use blockchain technology to trace the source of information, confirm the authenticity and accuracy of information, and inhibit the production and dissemination of false information.

However, Qin Yi, Deloitte Asia Pacific investment management industry leader, believes that the current large-scale application of blockchain technology is lower than expected. Further breakthroughs are needed in terms of establishing a data open alliance system, ecosystem construction, and Internet of Things application support. In particular, the strong demand for data openness caused by the "decentralization" characteristics of blockchain technology is full of resistance.

Strengthen supervision of "buying a casket for a pearl" type of speculation

Blockchain technology has attracted a wave of investment, and the virtual digital currency transactions associated with it are "hot like hell." This attracted great attention from the financial regulatory authorities, and at the beginning of the new year of 2018, they issued three articles in a row, pointing directly at virtual currencies.

As early as September 2017, seven ministries and commissions including the People's Bank of China issued an announcement clearly stating that token issuance financing is essentially an unapproved and illegal public financing act. From now on, the issued ICO (Initial Coin Offering) projects must be liquidated, and new projects are not allowed to be reissued.

Entering 2018, on January 2, the leading group for the special rectification of Internet financial risks issued a document requiring all localities to guide enterprises within their jurisdiction toThe company promptly exited the “mining” business and reported work progress regularly; on January 12, the Internet Finance Association of China issued a risk warning to prevent ICO activities and named Xunlei’s “Wankebi”. On January 17, the Business Management Department of the People's Bank of China issued a notice requiring all legal person payment institutions within its jurisdiction to carry out self-examination and rectification work immediately, strictly prohibit providing services for virtual currency transactions, and take effective measures to prevent payment channels from being used for virtual currency transactions.

“There is no necessary connection between the development of blockchain technology and digital currency. Digital currency is just one of the application scenarios of blockchain technology.” Guo Feng believes that blockchain is a pearl, while digital currency is just a Box. The reason why the hype of virtual digital currency is out of control is because some people think that the "box" is exquisite, the price is opaque, and the profit can be higher than that of the "pearl". "This is a typical 'buying a casket for a pearl'."

"Monitoring and managing risks does not mean that we reject innovation." Yang Dong, director of the Financial Technology and Internet Security Research Center of Renmin University of China, believes , as a technical tool, blockchain is technology neutral and does not directly involve financial and legal risks; the current shutdown of the virtual digital currency trading platform does not conflict with the current vigorous development of blockchain.

Those who need it will pay attention, and those who don’t will not be fooled.

『二』 Lesson 4 Summary of cryptography learning in blockchain

This is the fourth lesson of deep learning in Ulord. Dr. Yang will give everyone a lecture on cryptography in blockchain. Regarding cryptography issues, this course helped me understand a question about public keys and private keys that has been bothering me. What is the relationship between them? I got the answer in this study, and now I will share with you what I learned.

The public key and private key in the blockchain are two basic concepts in asymmetric encryption.

Public key and private key are a key pair obtained through an algorithm. The public key is the public part of the key pair, and the private key is the non-public part. Public keys are usually used to encrypt conversations, that is, messages or information, and can also be used to verify digital signatures signed with private keys.

The private key can be used to sign and the corresponding public key can be used for verification. The key pair obtained through this public key system can be guaranteed to be unique worldwide. When using this key pair, if you use one of the keys to encrypt data, you must use its corresponding other key to decrypt it.

For example, data encrypted with a public key must be decrypted with a private key. If a private key is used for encryption, the corresponding public key must be used to decrypt it, otherwise the decryption cannot be successful. In addition, in the Bitcoin blockchain, the public key is calculated through the private key, and the address is calculated through the public key, and this process is irreversible.

『三』 Address of Wenzhou, China, the Global Blockchain City

Ledong Village, Beibaixiang Town, Yueqing City, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province.
Wenzhou people have special sensitive businessSense of smell. Wherever there are opportunities and profits, there are Wenzhou people. Therefore, Wenzhou people moved the entire blockchain project to Wenzhou, and the world's first blockchain industrial village was settled in Ledong Village.
Ledong Village belongs to Beibaixiang Town, Yueqing City, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It is located in the west of Yueqing City, northwest of Beibaixiang Town, separated from Baishi Street, and adjacent to Wuniu Town, Yongjia County. It is only 7 kilometers away from Yueqing Station and 30 kilometers away from Wenzhou Longwan Airport. Ledong's original name was Dong'ao, its ancient name was Xiangpu, and its old place name was Jinzhuxi. It belongs to the mid-levels of the mountainous area and is the twelfth capital of Mingyu Township. In the 20th year of the Republic of China, it belonged to Baishi and was called Dong'ao Village. Later it belonged to Shiyibao, Mingyu Township. After liberation, it belonged to Mingxi Township. During the communeization process, it was included in Baishi Commune. In 1983, Hongduqiao Commune was established and it was returned to Hongduqiao Commune. , changed its name to Ledong in 1986, and now belongs to the Mingxi Office of Beibaixiang Town. Specialties of Ledong Village include bayberry, tea, etc. Ledong Village has scenic spots such as "Xianlingyan Scenic Area" and "Xiangpu Ancient Road" as well as ancient relics such as "Guishan Ancient Kiln Site".

『四』What is the Proof of Stake mechanism (PoS) in the blockchain?

What does it mean when Bitcoin mining uses a proof of work mechanism? Proof of Stake, referred to as POS, is also called the proof of equity mechanism. It is similar to storing assets in a bank. The bank will allocate corresponding income to you based on the amount and time you hold the digital assets. In the same way, with PoS digital assets, the system will allocate corresponding rights and interests to you based on your currency age. The currency age is the product of the number of coins you hold and the time. For example, if you hold 100 coins for a total of 30 days, then your coin age will be 3,000. Compared with PoW (proof of work mechanism), PoS has two advantages. First, PoS will not cause excessive waste of electricity because PoS does not require mining by competing for computing power. Second, POS is more difficult to carry out 51% attacks. You can only launch an attack if you have 51% of the coins. If the network is attacked, your own interests will be damaged, which is obviously not cost-effective. Compared with PoW (proof of work mechanism), PoS has two advantages. First, PoS will not cause excessive waste of electricity because PoS does not require mining by competing for computing power. Second, POS is more difficult to carry out 51% attacks. You can only launch an attack if you have 51% of the coins. If the network is attacked, your own interests will be damaged, which is obviously not cost-effective. Currently, there are many digital assets that use PoW to issue new coins and PoS to maintain blockchain network security.

『五』 Malta Foundation registration process and conditions

Hello, host!

The Republic of Malta (Maltese: Repubblika ta Malta, English: Republic of Malta) is commonly known as "Malta". The official languages ​​are Maltese and English. The capital is Valletta, as is Malta. A member of the Commonwealth and the European Union, Malta is a highly developed capitalist country with an economy dominated by the service industry and the financial industry.
Malta was the first country to pass legislation, officiallyCountries that recognize blockchain are quite competitive in the blockchain and ICO industries, and more and more people are paying attention to Malta-registered foundations.
Registration conditions for the Malta Foundation:
1. Sign a cooperation agreement with us;
2. Prepare the information required for registration;
3. Make an appointment with the Malta Embassy;
4 . Bring your passport to the Consulate General of Malta to verify personal information;
5. Register a company or fund in Malta, and simultaneously handle digital currency trading platforms or project ICOs
Documents required to register a foundation company in Malta:
1. Provide 3 company name options, ending with .LIMITED;
2. Certified copy of each shareholder’s passport
3. Proof of address.
The time required to register the Malta Foundation: 20 working days

『Lu』Technological exploration in progress: Blockchain tests the waters of Internet financial dispute resolution

Financial digitization is replacing the traditional credit model. However, while automated credit approval brings efficiency and convenience to financial institutions, the rapidly growing number of credit transactions also puts pressure on back-end overdue dispute processing.

The collection results carried out by financial institutions on their own are not good, and when they cooperate with third-party collection agencies, it is difficult to manage their standardized collections. This leads to the frequent occurrence of violent collections, which are always hanging over the heads of the institutions. problem to solve. Blockchain technology is trying to provide solutions to the "stubborn problems" of this industry.

Smart contracts transform the entire business process

"Small amounts and decentralization" are important goals for the in-depth development of inclusive finance. However, the traditional collection model is obviously ineffective in terms of cost and operational difficulty. It cannot match the current needs of Internet finance.

In the past ten years, personal consumer credit has developed rapidly. Data from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission from 2015 to 2021 show that consumer loans have accounted for more than 20% of the total balance of RMB loans for a long time, and this proportion has shown an overall growth trend. According to the "Data on Main Regulatory Indicators of the Banking and Insurance Industry in the Fourth Quarter of 2021", at the end of the fourth quarter of 2021, the balance of non-performing loans of commercial banks was 2.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.5 billion yuan from the end of the previous quarter.

Taking the practice of communication and negotiation between attorneys and borrowers as an example, under normal circumstances, overdue borrowers with low willingness to repay have weak legal awareness, and it is not uncommon to use property transfer and other means to evade debt. Therefore, Ordinary phone calls and text messages to collect collection do not have much effect. However, after accessing the court's judicial blockchain system, the parties can log in to the court website to check the loan evidence on the blockchain, which will put credit penalty pressure on this type of borrowers, both in terms of efficiency and endorsement capabilities. . More importantly, before an overdue event occurs, the blockchain evidence can not be tampered with, which can urge the entities on the chain to keep their promises in good faith.Effect.

A case disclosed by the Supreme People’s Court’s official WeChat public account shows that a natural person, Yang, signed a personal agreement with Hangyin Consumer Finance Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hangyin Consumer Finance”) on the “Hangyin Finance” App. Loan Contract. Yang failed to repay the loan on time, and Hangyin Xiaojin filed a lawsuit with the court after repeatedly demanding payment. As an access party to the judicial blockchain of the Hangzhou Internet Court, the contract signed by Hangzhou Bank Consumer Finance and Yang has already been synchronized to the judicial blockchain. The objective facts were clear, and the advising judge conducted asynchronous mediation. Yang agreed to repay the money after being unable to deny it, and the case was settled within 7 days.

According to the Supreme People’s Court, in September 2018, the Hangzhou Internet Court officially launched the country’s first judicial blockchain platform. As of April 2022, the total amount of data on the chain has exceeded 5.69 billion, more than 9,700 pieces of electronic evidence have been retrieved, and the dismissal rate of relevant cases has exceeded 98.7%.

According to MaMa Consumer Finance, the company has currently based on its own blockchain technology, the electronic lawyer's letter automatically generated by the mediation platform and the mediation letter materials confirmed in real time by the customer's online mediation are stored on the chain. “The credibility of blockchain evidence solves the problems of difficulty in obtaining, preserving, and authenticating evidence during judicial proceedings, supports enterprises to efficiently collect non-performing assets, and can especially improve notarization, mediation, and even execution of small batches. The efficiency of evidence storage, processing and trial in the investigation and control process."

Cross-chain interoperability needs to be further implemented

The person in charge introduced that the current model adopted by the company is to cooperate with industry and information technology Cooperate with electronic certification service agencies established with permission from the Ministry of Finance to provide full-process electronic certificate deposit services for consumer finance companies’ loan businesses. When filing a case, an electronic certificate deposit report is provided to prove that the entire process data is true and has not been tampered with. "This is also a common model at present. Its advantage is that it has wide adaptability and can carry out litigation or arbitration services in multiple courts or arbitration committees that meet the jurisdiction requirements. The disadvantage is that it requires initial communication with the courts and arbitration committees to confirm the electronic existence It takes time to review the electronic evidence report corresponding to each case when filing a specific case."

At the same time, the above-mentioned persons in charge did not hide their expectations for emerging technologies: for judicial blockchain , the consumer finance business is combined with the judicial blockchain led by the court. When an overdue repayment dispute is submitted to the court for filing, the consumer finance company can directly authorize the court to go to the chain to obtain information on the entire business process, effectively simplifying the evidence submission process and ensuring evidence information. Authenticity, improve the effectiveness of the evidence chain and the efficiency of review of evidence materials, and achieve rapid case filing and efficient trial. "The submission and connection of data through this technology is expected to further enhance the effective protection of personal information."