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㈠ In your opinion, what is the future of blockchain?

Major companies in the industry: Ping An of China (601318), Donggang Shares (002117), Information Development (300469), Yuan Optical Software (002063), Boss Software (300525), Feitian Integrity (300386), Sifang Jingchuang (300468), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398), SF Holding (002352)

The core data of this article: China Block Chain market size, number of blockchain tenders in China, number of blockchain companies in China

Industry Overview

1. Definition

In a narrow sense, blockchain It is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable and unforgeable distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

Blockchain is not a single technology, but a combination of new technologies. Each of these technologies performs its own role, solves different problems, and is combined to form a blockchain. As the basic structural unit of the blockchain, the block consists of two parts: the block header and the block body containing transaction data.

2. Industry chain analysis: the downstream industry covers a wide range of areas

The upstream of the blockchain industry chain is mainly the underlying technology and infrastructure. The underlying technology includes core basic components, protocols and algorithms. Represented by Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Ethereum, a network environment such as distributed algorithms, digital keys, data storage, P2P network protocols, and consensus mechanisms based on blockchain technology, transaction rules, and incentives for miners to join network nodes have been built. Mechanism, representative companies include Xiaoyi, Quantum Chain, Wanxiang Blockchain, etc.; the infrastructure is mainly mining machines.

The midstream is the platform layer, which mainly provides developers with applications based on blockchain technology. It provides productized services such as smart contracts, information security, and data services based on the underlying technology to improve development It provides convenience and scalability for developers to develop applications at the platform layer.

Downstream is the vertical industry application layer. It manifests itself as core application components, including smart contracts, programmable assets, incentive mechanisms, member management, etc.

Industry development history: We are in the era of blockchain 3.0

From the perspective of the development history of global blockchain, in 2008, an anonymous person signed by "Satoshi Nakamoto" published The paper "Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Network Electronic Cash System" originally expected to launch a peer-to-peer electronic cash that could circulate freely. The issuance of Bitcoin represented the beginning of blockchain technology; later, in 2013, the launch of Ethereum directly Promote blockchain into 2.0 era; at the end of 2017, the popularity of stablecoins and the launch of MakerDAO pushed the blockchain into the 3.0 era. By June 2019, Facebook released the Libra white paper, which attracted attention and discussion from all walks of life around the world. Regulatory authorities in various countries have successively spoken out, showing outlining the huge potential of blockchain technology in reshaping global financial infrastructure. After entering 2021, NFT-based identification technology has emerged and is the first to be applied in the art field.

Industry policy background: Promote the all-round development of blockchain

In 2016, the State Council issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Informatization", which listed blockchain as a new technology for the first time The scope and cutting-edge layout indicate that my country has begun to promote the development of blockchain technology and applications. Since then, various localities in the country have successively introduced blockchain-related policies, providing a good environment for the development of blockchain.

In February 2019, the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" issued by the State Internet Information Office were officially implemented, standardizing the filing basis for the development of my country's blockchain industry. The purpose of promulgating the "Regulations" is to clarify the information security management responsibilities of blockchain information service providers, standardize and promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, avoid blockchain information service security risks, and facilitate the provision of blockchain information services. , use, management, etc. to provide effective legal basis. The introduction of this "management regulations" also means that my country's "supervision era" for blockchain information services has officially arrived.

At the end of October 2019, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 18th collective study session on the development status and trends of blockchain technology. Central leaders clearly emphasized the use of blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies. , Accelerate the promotion of blockchain technology and industrial innovation and development. This fully demonstrates that blockchain technology has risen to a national level. Chen Chun, a professor at Zhejiang University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, who gave a lecture on the collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said at the 2019CCF Blockchain Technology Conference hosted by the Computer Society of China on October 12 that the development of the domestic blockchain industry is ushering in " "Spring Breeze", the research hotspots of China's blockchain technology will focus on two aspects: the key technology of the alliance blockchain and the blockchain supervision technology.

Current development of the industry

1. The market size will grow by more than 90% in 2020

From 2016 to 2018, large IT Internet companies have deployed blockchain. Start-ups have entered a blowout mode, and the industry scale continues to expand. According to IDC data, China's blockchain industry has experienced changes from a market size of US$85 million in 2017 to an industry scale of US$561 million in 2020.

2. The number of related companies is growing rapidly

In terms of the number of companies, in 2020H1, my country provided blockchain professional technical support, products, solutions and other services, and had input or output The number of new blockchain companies reached 303, a year-on-year increase of 274.07% nationwide. As of the end of 2020, my country’s blockchain-relatedThe number of enterprises reached 64,062, a year-on-year increase of 52.88%.

3. Blockchain finance is the largest downstream application market

According to the disclosure of the "China Blockchain Development White Paper (2020)", as the implementation of blockchain applications accelerates, "Blockchain+" business has become the focus of development for Internet backbone enterprises to enter the blockchain industry. In addition to financial business, it actively deploys the Internet, traceability, supply chain & logistics, digital assets, government affairs and public services, intellectual property, and law. , medical and other fields of application. Among them, finance is the most explored field in the application scenarios of blockchain technology, with specific projects implemented in subdivided fields such as supply chain finance, trade finance, payment and settlement, and fund management.

4. The number of blockchain tenders is increasing year by year

From a year perspective, from 2016 to 2020, the number of government tenders for blockchain-related projects has been growing exponentially. , on the one hand, it benefits from the increasingly prominent application value of blockchain technology, and on the other hand, it also reflects the government’s increased demand for and emphasis on blockchain.

Industry competition status

1. Regional competition: Beijing and Guangdong have the most blockchain technology research and development-related companies

In terms of company distribution, as of the first half of 2021 , the distribution of enterprises is obviously tiered. Among them, Beijing and Guangdong rank in the first echelon with 348 and 341 blockchain development-related companies respectively, and the number of companies in Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang reaches 164, 127, and 81 respectively.

As an important carrier for the development of blockchain industrial clusters, local governments are accelerating the construction of blockchain industrial parks. Judging from the location distribution of industrial parks, there are a large number of blockchain industrial parks in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Qingdao, and Changsha, forming a Bohai Rim agglomeration effect dominated by Beijing and Shandong, with Zhejiang and Shanghai , the agglomeration effect of the Yangtze River Delta dominated by Jiangsu, the agglomeration effect of the Pearl River Delta dominated by Guangdong, and the agglomeration effect of Hunan, Guizhou, and Chongqing dominated by Chongqing and Hunan. Combined with the positioning and development of the industrial park, it is based on the premise of serving enterprises to create a blockchain innovation platform and industrial highland. This positioning also provides the basis for the aggregation effect of enterprises.

2. Enterprise competition: Alibaba’s blockchain is the strongest

In March 2021, at the China Mobile Communications Federation Blockchain Professional Committee and the China Science and Technology System Reform Research Association Under the guidance of the Digital Economy Development Research Group and the Organizing Committee of China's Top 100 Blockchain Enterprises List, Chain Tower Think Tank screened and evaluated thousands of projects and enterprise lists, and finally released the 2020 China's Top 100 Blockchain Enterprises List.

In the context of the outbreak of the epidemic in 2020, the 2020 Blockchain Top 100 List has adjusted the dimensions of enterprise inspection to a certain extent to highlight the performance of outstanding blockchain companies in 2020. It is divided into five main dimensions, namely, the weight of business operation accounts for 25%, the weight of technology research and development accounts for 20%, the weight of product application accounts for 30%, and the weight of team composition.The weight ratio is 15% and the marketing ratio is 10%.

Industry development prospects and trend predictions

1. It is still in the introduction period

Currently, my country’s blockchain industry is in the introduction period, and the industry is showing Two main characteristics: First, large industry companies are actively applying blockchain technology to improve their own businesses, but they are still mainly trying, and the main application scenarios are also non-core businesses in the industry. For example, enterprises such as Ping An of China, China UnionPay, and Ant Financial are limited to non-core businesses in their exploration of blockchain applications; secondly, the business development of enterprises focusing on blockchain technology services is mostly in the initial stage, and their product technology systems and The business model is not mature enough, and the demand side’s understanding of blockchain needs to be improved. Blockchain has already formed some application cases in scenarios such as judicial certificate storage, government affairs management, people's livelihood services, food traceability, supply chain management, etc., but it still needs to be further optimized and improved.

2. The market capacity is expected to exceed US$16 billion in 2026

Blockchain technology is a key direction for China’s new generation of independent innovation breakthroughs in information technology, and it contains huge innovation space. In the fields of chips, big data, cloud computing and other fields, innovation activities are becoming increasingly active, and innovation elements are constantly accumulating. The application of blockchain technology in various industries continues to deepen, which will give rise to a large number of new technologies, new products, new applications, and new models.

China focuses on accelerating the transformation of its economic development model, pays more attention to the improvement of economic quality and people's living standards, and uses new generation information technology, including blockchain technology, to transform and upgrade traditional industries and enhance the quality of traditional industries. Develop quality and efficiency, and improve the level of smart social management, public services and home life. The huge market demand in the future will bring rare development opportunities and broad development space to blockchain technology. Researchers compiled and analyzed that China’s blockchain market will maintain rapid growth, with a compound annual growth rate of 73% in market size from 2021 to 2026. The market size in 2026 will reach US$16.368 billion, and in the next 20 years, China’s blockchain market will The industry market size is expected to reach the trillion level.

The above data refers to the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.

㈡ The virtual currency scam was exposed by CCTV

The virtual currency scam was exposed by CCTV

The virtual currency scam was exposed by CCTV. This type of network uses virtual currency as a gimmick. MLM cases have appeared as early as three or four years ago, and there are more cases abroad. The characteristics of this type of cases are obvious. They are basically hyped with new virtual currency-related concepts. The virtual currency scam was exposed by CCTV.

The virtual currency scam was exposed by CCTV 1

In daily life, there are often strange phone calls claiming to attract people to join the stock group for free; there are also often advertisements for various stock lectures on online platforms. Many people have the mentality of just joining the group to watch and listen to the classes without spending any money. Unexpectedly, they fall into the whirlpool of being cheated step by step and suffer heavy losses. Reporters are investigatingDuring the investigation, it was found that the so-called "teachers" in these stock groups first recommended stocks. After gaining trust, they would recommend self-issued virtual digital currencies to defraud investors of their money.

Websites claiming 100 times premium for "virtual currency" were shut down and money ran away

After lurking into the stock group as an investor, the reporter discovered that there were many victims across the country because of free money. And join the group.

Sound source - lecture audio of a certain stock group: Bateman is my country's first and only digital currency platform that is about to be launched. The platform wants to issue its platform currency equivalent to its stock, which is equivalent to an IPO. I expect its platform currency to have a premium of 10 to 20 times, or even 100 times.

Under the temptation of so-called huge profits of 10 times to 100 times, many people buy large amounts of "virtual coins". Suddenly, the Bateman virtual currency trading platform was shut down overnight without warning, the stock group was disbanded, and no so-called "teacher" or "customer service" could be contacted anymore, and all the funds invested by the victims could not be withdrawn. Some victims said that the amount of money they were defrauded reached up to one million yuan.

Beijing investors: At 1 o'clock in the morning on April 9, I woke up in the middle of the night and took a look at the disk on my mobile phone. I found that the platform could not be opened, all the numbers were gone, and my account number was also gone. It's empty, those groups are gone, and all links can't be opened. In total, I was defrauded of more than 400,000 yuan, and some were defrauded of more than 1 million yuan.

Investor from Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province: My husband was sick, and we took out a loan. Basically, the more than 1 million yuan was borrowed. The main problem now is that I have children who are studying. If I can't pay off my credit card, my credit score will be affected. If my children can't study, my credit will be in trouble. I'm at my wits end.

A woman with nearly 20 years of stock trading experience is very cautious in investing and feels that she will not be cheated. At first, she watched other people in the group follow the teacher to operate digital currencies. Unmoved either. However, as people in the group kept posting some super-profitable profit screenshots, and the "teachers" continued to brainwash them, they invested their first money with the mentality of giving it a try.

Investors from Pingdingshan City, Henan Province: I still couldn’t resist the temptation. I transferred 4,000 yuan first, then won the lottery again during the new lottery. I bought it again at 12 o’clock in the evening, which was equivalent to a total investment of 44,000 yuan. After investing in it, he said it was a lock-up period and started to issue platform coins again. The platform coins were 10 times more profitable.

Xia Yu, a lawyer at Beijing Kangda Law Firm: According to Article 266 of my country’s Criminal Law, suspected of fraud, depending on the specific circumstances of the crime, may be sentenced to a maximum of more than 10 years. Imprisonment, even life imprisonment.

Using stock lectures as a cover to deceive the elderly with human kindness

Why is this common fraud scheme so successful? The reporter found that in addition to playing emotional cards to gain the victim's trust,The most important thing is that these fraud gangs have repeatedly pretended to be large formal financial platforms to endorse themselves, fabricated some false stories of getting rich overnight, and lured victims into taking the bait.

The reporter saw in the stock group that this online lecture platform is called "LANXESS Double Lecture Hall". Investors joined through the stock teaching advertisements it released, and many people initially entered the platform to listen to the lessons with the mentality of giving it a try. In addition to giving lectures, the so-called "teacher" will also post long articles to answer questions for the "students" in the middle of the night every day, and the "assistant teacher" with a beautiful girl's avatar will answer the stock questions of the "students" at any time. After gradually gaining trust, the "teacher" persuades the "students" to buy virtual digital currency.

Investor in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province: He started to recommend a few stocks to you and made money. However, he ignored the next few stocks he recommended and kept asking you to hold them. Then he said that the current market is not good. Let you sell all your stocks and buy new coins.

Beijing investors: The profits of virtual currency are too high. They can rise from a few yuan to dozens of yuan in a short while. Our final speculation will reach 10 times. He lectures in a persuasive and instructive manner, with a strong human touch and special concern for people.

Many victims told reporters that they had also had suspicions, but fraud gangs often used the identities of some large brokerage firms as endorsements to confuse investors. The reporter saw in the stock group that once an investor If you express doubts, you will be banned or kicked out of the group immediately. In the end, the victims who have never been exposed to virtual currencies and lack financial knowledge are left behind.

The victims revealed to reporters that until now they have never seen this so-called Mr. Li of the securities company, and they don’t even know his full name.

Moreover, they realized afterward that the "Bateman Virtual Currency Trading Platform" did not actually exist, and the so-called "virtual currency" new prices and price increases and decreases were not real and were completely a fraud. A digital illusion directed and performed by the platform.

Five types of online fraud are repeatedly banned, and the police warn of risks

At present, many victims have reported the crime. During the investigation, the reporter found that there are still many similar fraud gangs still committing fraud. So, how should ordinary investors avoid being cheated?

Multiple victims told reporters that they have recently discovered that new stock lecture platforms and new digital currency trading platforms have emerged. When they registered and logged in using their mobile phone numbers and ID card information, they found that anyone who had previously registered on the Bateman Trading Platform had their accounts frozen after registering on the new so-called "Osman Trading Platform". Enter.

Beijing investor: I discovered an Ottoman platform, which is also a digital currency. The content is the same as Bateman, but the name is different. There are some differences in currency types, but other operation methods, including fund management, new currency subscription, flow inquiry, etc., are exactly the same.

The reporter also found on multiple online platforms that many victims were deceived by the same method at different times. Except for the name of the platform and the name of the lecturer, the other deception methods were almost exactly the same. Many victims have called the police after learning that they were deceived.

Staff of Hongxing Police Station, Daxing Branch of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau: This case has been filed and investigation has been launched, and the criminal police will be responsible for the later investigation.

The police said that there are many similar fraud cases, and investors must be more vigilant. If they feel abnormal after transferring money to an unfamiliar account, they should call the police immediately.

At present, there are more than 50 types of fraud discovered by the public security organs, among which 5 main types of cases occur frequently, namely online bill rebates, false investment and financial management, and false online loans. , pretending to be customer service, and pretending to be public prosecutor.

Xia Yu, lawyer at Beijing Kangda Law Firm: I would like to remind investors to choose formal and legal investment channels. Keep in mind that "pie in the sky will never fall" and be wary of investments with ultra-high returns.

Virtual currency scam exposed by CCTV 2

With the support of the Metaverse concept, various NFT chain game projects are booming, and criminal gangs are also following the trend, developing so-called chain game projects, issuing game tokens and Launched decentralized exchange.

Ling Feng revealed that such online pyramid schemes using virtual currencies as a gimmick had appeared three or four years ago, and there were more cases abroad. "The characteristics of this type of case are obvious. They basically use new virtual currency-related concepts to hype up and attract people to participate in investment." He said.

Ling Feng said, “On Twitter, Tieba and other platforms, if someone takes the initiative to chat privately and introduce their projects to you, then these can basically be judged as scams; if someone sends an invitation code, it is basically a scam. It can be determined as a pyramid scheme."

According to the "2021 Blockchain and Virtual Currency Crime Trend Research Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") released by Zhifan Technology, virtual currency The models of MLM cases mainly include exchange model, wallet model, false "smart contract" model, smart contract model, mining machine rental model, cloud mining machine model, quantitative robot model, short video model, matrix DAPP model, and chain game yuan. These 10 typical situations of cosmic patterns.

Take the currently popular "Metaverse" as an example. With the support of the Metaverse concept, various NFT chain game projects are booming, and criminal gangs are also following the trend to develop so-called chain game projects and issue Game tokens are listed on decentralized exchanges.

The "Report" pointed out that such cases usually involve project parties attracting investors through hot spots, affiliated with well-known projects, etc., continuously increasing the value of game tokens, and relying on high returns from a combination of dynamic and static To attract more speculators to join, the essence is still to expand the fund pool by relying on users to exchange the mainstream currency consumed by the platform currency, and the project team takes the opportunity to arbitrage money and run away.

Industry insiders said that as a new type of networkIn the form of online MLM, virtual currency MLM is highly concealed, but the scams are ever-changing, with three typical characteristics: first, the entry fee, investors need to pay a fee to qualify to join; second, soliciting people, MLM participants The income comes from the fees paid by the downline members it develops; the third is compound remuneration, which is based on the number of directly or indirectly developed personnel.

In response to the above-mentioned situations, relevant departments are also increasing supervision. For example, at the end of February 2022, the Supreme People's Court included virtual currency transactions into the illegal absorption of funds for the first time. In addition, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has also previously issued risk warnings on preventing illegal fund-raising in the name of "Yuanverse".

The reporter noticed that during this year’s two sessions, many deputies to the National People’s Congress and members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference also expressed their views on strengthening the supervision of industries related to the Metaverse. Tan Jianfeng, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, president of the Fifth Space Information Technology Research Institute, and honorary president of the Shanghai Information Security Industry Association, said that currently, NFT virtual artworks (such as cartoon portraits, electronic oil paintings) based on blockchain technology When the "Metaverse" becomes popular, but supervision is difficult to implement, new money laundering channels may be formed.

"To deepen the development of the digital economy, it must be integrated with the real economy. However, at the same time, we must beware of capital taking advantage of national development plans and hot concepts to create new virtual economic bubbles and prevent individuals from taking advantage of policy dividends." ', cut investors' leeks." Tan Jianfeng said.

Wang Peng, associate professor at Renmin University of China, told reporters that there are currently endless online frauds including telecommunications fraud, illegal fund-raising, etc., which mainly take advantage of two public mentality. One is the emergence of new technologies, new elements or new applications. , everyone generally does not understand it; the second is the speculative psychology, speculating without understanding and trying to make a quick buck.

To this end, Wang Peng put forward the following suggestions to prevent online fraud using concepts such as the Metaverse and NFT as gimmicks. First, relevant government regulatory authorities should strengthen crackdowns, discover relevant clues in a timely manner, and cut off, Deal with it in a timely manner, rather than deal with it after turning small problems into big social problems;

Second, industry associations and other relevant professional institutions should target the Metaverse and NFT Wait for new technologies to issue relevant industry codes and strengthen public education; third, the mass media should strengthen relevant publicity. On the one hand, it should strengthen publicity on the technology application itself and remove the mystery of the technology; on the other hand, it should allow everyone to increase risks. consciousness.

"Finally, I think from my own perspective, one is to strengthen the study of technology, and don't follow what others say. Risks and returns are directly proportional. The higher the returns, the higher the risks; second, don't believe in the so-called It’s a good opportunity, so be cautious about saying you can make quick money in a short period of time, and think about the problem from a long-term perspective,” Wang Peng said.

The virtual currency scam was exposed by CCTV 3

Recently, more than 150,000 young people in the Philippines are addicted to playing a pet-raising gamePlay to make money. The principle is that players obtain electronic cards by raising an elf. This kind of card is actually a kind of virtual currency, and players can freely trade it on a dedicated online encryption trading platform in exchange for real currency.

These young people obtain virtual currencies by "mining" and can earn an income ranging from several hundred dollars per month. This is essentially a blockchain token game disguised as a game. However, in the Philippines, where the per capita monthly income is about US$200, you can earn a lot of money playing games, which is undoubtedly very attractive to young people. .

However, it should be noted that making profits through blockchain token games is unstable and may even be a scam. For example, the "Mars Volunteers" blockchain game became popular at the beginning of this year. Although it has attracted the attention of Metaverse and Musk, promoting "play and earn" and earning up to 10,000 times, it needs to spend more than 600 yuan to purchase virtual currency first. In the end, the high profits promoted by the game were wiped out due to the collapse of currency value.

In response to this kind of behavior, the "Risk Warning on Preventing Illegal Fund-raising in the Name of "Yuanverse"" issued by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on February 18 this year mentioned that, Some criminals took advantage of the hot spots and absorbed funds under the names of "Yuanshi Investment Project" and "Yuanshi Chain Game", and were suspected of illegal fund-raising, fraud and other illegal and criminal activities. In essence, how much money can be exchanged for virtual tokens obtained in the name of playing games is based on extremely unstable market transaction values. Once it collapses, it will eventually become a bubble game.

Therefore, China has always focused on the supervision of Bitcoin. In May last year, the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council held a meeting, requiring resolute prevention and control of financial risks and crackdown on Bitcoin mining and trading. From a purely technical perspective, professional mining machines are far more efficient than ordinary game-playing machines in terms of blockchain “mining” efficiency. China once accounted for more than 60% of the global "mining" computing power, and many "miners" deployed massive mining machines in China in search of cheap energy sources such as small hydropower.

However, even though China can obtain some overseas income by mining various currencies such as Bitcoin, it still resolutely shut down mines in various places, and its proportion of global computing power quickly dropped to less than 5%. This is the right decision, because a huge amount of energy is wasted just to produce casino chips, which is not beneficial to China as a whole. Many people have found that the previous surge in the price of graphics cards is related to the large number of graphics cards being used for mining. If young people are encouraged to participate in blockchain currency speculation, the consequences will be even worse.

However, there are not many countries in the world that are as resolute in regulating and shutting down all kinds of blockchain currency speculation as China. Due to the huge pressure in life, Korean youths have participated in digital currency games, hoping to get rich overnight. In the winter of 2017, two-thirds of the world’s largest Bitcoin transactions occurred in South Korea.

There is no doubt that the development of digital technology has been the highlight of the global economy since the new century, but it may not necessarily be the case for young people in the "e era".All good things. Young people in most countries around the world grew up in an era of rapid development of digital technology. Influenced by various myths about getting rich, their perception of wealth is also changing. The way that the previous generation worked hard on factory assembly lines to accumulate wealth is "gone" in the minds of young people and is no longer attractive.

In fact, for countries with a large labor force and lack of employment opportunities, such as the Philippines, even factory assembly line jobs with average incomes are a good starting point for young people, and factories can also provide a large number of jobs. The local government Very welcome. However, electronic culture invaded these countries before industrial culture, and only low-end computers and mobile phones were enough to make young people in the entire country addicted to it.

Therefore, some countries are aware of this problem and will guide digital technology to the right uses, such as promoting remote teaching during the epidemic, limiting the time for teenagers to play games, and Game content is regulated. However, the development levels of countries around the world are different. It is no longer easy to enjoy the fruits of digital technology through development. To further promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, it poses higher challenges.

No matter how advanced science and technology are, if the country wants to achieve long-term development, the spirit of young people’s hard work cannot be lost. It is the proper meaning of a positive energy society to get rid of the fog woven by technology and correctly understand the Ponzi schemes or bubble economic hype under various new packages.

With the continuous advancement of various technologies such as artificial intelligence, robots, and new energy, the nature of labor in traditional industries may one day fundamentally change, but this change requires leading young people to real jobs. scientific and technological innovation, rather than increasingly indulging in the bubble game of "capital and human nature".

Is blockchain a disguised pyramid scheme?

Blockchain is a new technology and is not a disguised pyramid scheme. It is only claimed by many pyramid schemes to be "blockchain", but in fact it is not. Any technology is just a pyramid scheme in the name of "blockchain". The country has issued announcements many times to crack down on this type of pyramid scheme. The following is Xinhuanet's report on blockchain MLM:

Blockchain is not equivalent to virtual currency, and there are also security risks. Behind the popularity, there are exaggerated hype with "ulterior motives". Only by removing the flashiness can the blockchain return to its true application value.

Invest 80,000 yuan and it will become 800,000 yuan in three months? Shenzhen police uncovered a huge fund-raising fraud case. Under the guise of blockchain concepts and 10 times earnings, thousands of investors have fallen deeply into it, with the amount involved reaching 307 million yuan. Under the "mysterious veil" of the blockchain, criminals have taken advantage of the opportunity to use their tricks, and the blockchain has become a "signature" for economic crimes such as fraud and pyramid schemes.

Why has the blockchain been repeatedly “misused” by illegal activities such as pyramid schemes and fraud? Apart from being “unclear”, what is the “function” of blockchain technology itself? Since the beginning of this year, with the increased supervision and the cooling of the currency speculation trend, new opportunities have been brought to the development of blockchain. How is the implementation of blockchain commercial "applications" now? "Lookout" NewsWeekly reporters recently conducted an investigation into this.

When the three-month "fund release period" promised by the trading platform expired and the staff started "kicking" people in the QQ group, Tang Haiyan, who lives in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, realized that she might have been cheated. .

Previously, Tang Haiyan invested 80,000 yuan to buy a virtual currency called "Puyin Coin" under the introduction of a classmate. "The other party said that this currency is the most advanced blockchain technology at the moment, with Tibetan tea as collateral, and he also showed me a 'technical white paper'. I didn't understand blockchain, so I didn't read it carefully."

Although he doesn’t know much about blockchain or virtual currencies, Tang Haiyan is full of expectations for the high investment returns. She told reporters that the company that issued the "Common Silver Coin" would regularly split the virtual currency at a ratio of 1:10, which means that each split would increase the value of the "Common Silver Coin" in the hands of investors by 10 times. . As long as it is split once, the 80,000 yuan she invested is equivalent to buying "common silver coins" worth 800,000 yuan, and she can get huge profits by selling them on the trading platform.

According to the rules of the trading platform, the "common silver coins" just purchased cannot be traded immediately. They must be frozen on the platform for three months before the "release period" can begin. However, when three months passed, Tang Haiyan not only failed to double her assets, but also the 80,000 yuan frozen on the platform could no longer be used for transactions.

“Other investors began to question the authenticity of this investment in the QQ group. As a result, the company staff kicked these investors out one by one. I felt bad.” She said.

Facts also proved Tang Haiyan’s intuition. At the end of March 2018, Shenzhen police uncovered a huge fund-raising fraud case, with the amount of fraudulent funds reaching 307 million yuan. In this case, the Shenzhen Puyin Blockchain Group Co., Ltd. involved in the case used the "blockchain + Tibetan Tea" model to issue virtual currency and defraud public deposits. Tang Haiyan was one of thousands of victims. .

An investigation by the Shenzhen police found that the company claimed that investors could trade "common silver coins" on the virtual trading platform "Jubi.com" to earn the price difference

. In fact, the change in its buying and selling price was caused by the company using investors' investment funds to perform behind-the-scenes operations, and once raised the price of "common silver coins" from 0.5 yuan to 10 yuan, allowing investors to taste some sweetness. When a large number of investors entered the market, the company continued to cash out by maliciously manipulating the price trend of "Common Silver Coins", which eventually resulted in the "Common Silver Coins" in the hands of investors being worthless.

Since 2018, engaging in fraud and pyramid schemes under the banner of blockchain has become a commonly used "routine" in new criminal methods. In April 2018, Jinan police busted a pyramid scheme gang under the guise of "western development", "national poverty alleviation", "original stocks", "blockchain" and "e-commerce", arrested more than ten main suspects, and froze the funds involved in the case There were more than 100 accounts, and more than 300 million yuan of funds involved were seized.

Jinan police introduced that Huileyi E-commerce CompanyOn the grounds that they are vigorously developing the big data industry, they designed fake virtual disks on the Internet and released various virtual currencies such as so-called "treasure coins" and "precious coins".

They first use the gift as a guise to give a certain amount of virtual currency to newly joined MLM personnel, with the price of each coin being tens of yuan, and then use artificial manipulation to increase the value of the virtual currency to more than 100 yuan or even hundreds of yuan. Yuan, attracting people who do not know the truth to join, and finally "cut leeks" through the cyclical fluctuations of the so-called "devaluation" of virtual currencies, repeated over and over again, and ultimately achieve the purpose of seeking illegal benefits.

In Xi'an, the local police also successfully cracked a huge online pyramid scheme under the banner of blockchain. According to the police, the criminal suspect Zheng paid a high salary to organize network platform administrators Zhang, Li and other 9 people. Since March 28, 2018, he has used collective pyramid schemes and online pyramid schemes as means to sell coins at a price of 3 yuan each. Sell ​​virtual "Datang Coins" on the "Consumption Era" online platform and control the appreciation rate;

At the same time, hold promotion meetings in multiple cities at home and abroad to attract members, and set up There are 28 levels of agents in charge. In just 18 days, the gang has developed more than 13,000 registered members. It has been found that the case involves 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, and the funds involved are as high as 86 million yuan.

The "Tencent 2017 MLM Situation Awareness White Paper" released by Tencent Security Joint Laboratory stated that in recent times, various overseas capital disks, virtual currencies, ICO (blockchain project initial public offering of tokens) Financing) projects emerge in an endless stream, which hide many risks such as illegal issuance, false projects, cross-border money laundering, fraud, pyramid schemes, etc., causing a large amount of funds to flow overseas. Once they collapse, run away, or lose contact, investors often have no way to complain and lose money. recover. For example, Baichuan Coin, Mark Coin, Beta Coin, Dark Coin, etc.

Reporters from "Lookout" News Weekly conducted interviews in Guangdong, Shandong, Shanghai and other places and learned that most people know that the concept of blockchain is very popular, but they are "uninformed" about the specific functions of blockchain. There are different opinions: some people think it is used for "investment and financial management" and "buying and selling currency", while others think it is "a major invention of the same magnitude as the steam engine". Some entrepreneurs are gearing up to seize this "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get rich."

Many people in the industry said that it is precisely because people have many misunderstandings about blockchain that criminals have the opportunity to fish in troubled waters and mislead investors.

First, blockchain is not equal to virtual currency. As of the end of last year, the number of domestic ICO participants and total transaction volume had doubled. A large number of digital currency exchanges have fled overseas, and the agency investment model has involved more ordinary people in high-risk investments.

Many industry self-media and famous speakers have formed interest alliances with issuers, digital exchanges, etc. to endorse the "Air Coin" project platform and create public opinion. In December last year, the People's Bank of China and nine other departments characterized ICOs as "suspected of illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal and criminal activities."

During the interview, many people told our reporter that the existence of tokens has built a set of equity mechanisms for the development of blockchain technology, which is indispensable for stimulating the prosperity of blockchain applications. "Market practice in the past five years has proven that blockchain applications without equity mechanisms are like computers without Internet connectivity and a market economy without currency. The application scenarios and development speed are greatly reduced." said an investor in Shanghai. .

In fact, tokens represented by Bitcoin are only one of the earliest products to verify blockchain technology. There is no equivalence between the two, and the existence of tokens has already affected the blockchain technology. The development of the chain has obvious negative effects.

Xiao Wei, chief engineer of the Internet Blockchain, told this reporter that the myth of ICO getting rich has shaken the R&D efforts of blockchain technology talents, and the myth of getting rich through speculation, which can easily return hundreds of times, is testing the blockchain industry. The patience of chain technology R&D talents. "Many of the 'comrades' in the circle who used to do blockchain technology research and development together have switched to issuing coins, and now there are very few who can still continue to do technology research and development and application."

Beijing Internet Finance Industry Xu Zewei, secretary of the party committee of the association, said that in the context of China’s ban on ICOs, many domestic start-up companies promoting blockchain applications are “selling sheep’s heads to dogs”, packaging originally worthless tokens through conceptual packaging to attract money and raise funds. “ICO has polluted the good atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship and created a speculative product. Many young people don’t think about starting a business, but they are thinking about issuing coins. This gives everyone the illusion of getting rich overnight.”

< p>At present, more and more people in the industry are beginning to think about whether the development of blockchain must rely on the issuance of tokens to achieve incentives. Guo Dagang, secretary-general of the Beijing Internet Finance Industry Association, told this reporter that the so-called incentive mechanism is just a theoretical basis for project parties to issue tokens. Huo Xuewen, director of the Beijing Municipal Financial Affairs Bureau, also believes that if the blockchain does not get rid of the currency issuance dilemma, it will never find a legal implementation mechanism.

Secondly, the blockchain is not omnipotent and has security risks. Blockchain is generally considered to be able to achieve three functions:

First, the data stored on the blockchain cannot be tampered with or forged, and the data has high credibility and credibility; second, The entire transaction process is traceable, enabling accurate tracking of responsibilities; third, smart contracts embedded in the blockchain can be automatically executed based on the contract, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing the risk of default. The industry generally believes that blockchain has broad application prospects in finance, logistics, trade and other fields.

In fact, blockchain is not omnipotent, and its functions also have many limitations. It is generally believed that based on its cryptographic characteristics, if you want to tamper or forge on the blockchain, you theoretically need to control more than 51% of the nodes to achieve it. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this trust creation mechanism with widespread public participation will be difficult to tamper with.

However, in reality, digital currency exchanges are frequently attacked or even stolen. On June 20, 2018, South Korea’s Bithumb Exchange issued an announcement on its official website stating that the exchange had been hacked.A hacker attack resulted in the theft of cryptocurrency worth 35 billion won, or approximately US$32 million.

Ji Xinhua, known as China's first generation "hacker", said that the blockchain will continue to face attacks, and the process of uploading data to the chain is prone to information leakage. Some people in the industry are also worried that once the super computing power of quantum computing is realized, it will also have a direct impact on the blockchain.

Zhao Yao, a special researcher at the Institute of Finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told this reporter that as early as 2013, the academic community confirmed that the blockchain is not perfect and there are many "cheating" strategies. As long as there are sufficient economic incentives, attacks that control more than 51% of the nodes do not only exist in theory.

Zeng Guang, secretary-general of the Shenzhen Internet Finance Association, said that blockchain technology itself is not irreplaceable or subversive. "Some criminals exaggerate the role of blockchain to illustrate that blockchain has huge investment value, which deserves the vigilance of investors."

Thirdly, the popularity of blockchain is not the same. Not entirely true. Data shows that from the end of 2017 to the beginning of 2018, more than 300 self-media companies mainly focused on ICO projects appeared, which became an abnormal phenomenon worth noting.

“Most of these self-media have received financial support from exchange leaders and investors in the currency circle. It is difficult to guarantee the objective independence of their reports. Most of them advocate ICO and currency speculation, and excessively promote digital currencies. Prospects, creating convenience for the spread of public opinion for illegal fund-raising of problematic projects." Xu Zewei said that some blockchain self-media investors are themselves ICO project investors, and their profit model is to charge soft article fees and project promotion fees, becoming a token issuance Public opinion helpers, and some media have developed into agency investment agencies to make profits from it.

(3) Blockchain games attracted 200 million in ten days. Further reading:

On August 24, 2018, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission website issued a risk warning , reminding the general public to guard against illegal fund-raising in the name of "virtual currency" and "blockchain".

The original text is as follows:

Risk reminders on preventing illegal fund-raising in the name of "virtual currency" and "blockchain"

China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission , the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, and the State Administration for Market Regulation remind:

Recently, some criminals have issued so-called "virtual currencies" and "virtual assets" under the banner of "financial innovation" and "blockchain". "Digital assets" and other methods to absorb funds and infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the public. Such activities are not really based on blockchain technology, but are actually hyping up the blockchain concept to conduct illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes, and fraud. They mainly have the following characteristics:

1. Networking and cross-borderization are obvious. Relying on the Internet and chat tools for transactions, and using online payment tools to receive and disburse funds, risks have a wide scope and spread quickly. Some criminals rent overseas servers to build websites, essentially carry out activities for domestic residents, and remotely control illegal activities.

Some individuals in chat tool groups claimed to have obtainedIf you get an investment quota for high-quality overseas blockchain projects, you can invest on your behalf, which is most likely a fraudulent activity. Most of the funds for these illegal activities flow overseas, making supervision and tracking very difficult.

2. Strong deception, temptation and concealment. They use hot concepts to create hype and fabricate numerous "high-level" theories. Some even use celebrity V's "platform" propaganda, and use airdrops of "candy" as temptations, claiming that "currency values ​​only rise but not fall" and "the investment cycle is short. "High returns, low risks", which is highly deceptive.

In actual operation, criminals illegally make huge profits by manipulating the price trend of so-called virtual currencies behind the scenes and setting profit and withdrawal thresholds. In addition, some criminals also issue tokens in innovative forms such as ICO, IFO, and IEO, or conduct virtual currency speculation in the form of IMO under the banner of the sharing economy, which is highly concealed and deceptive.

3. There are various illegal risks. Through publicity, criminals use "static returns" (profits from currency appreciation) and "dynamic returns" (profits from offline development) as bait to attract the public to invest funds, and induce investors and development personnel to join in, constantly expanding the capital pool. , with characteristics of illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes, fraud and other illegal activities.

Such activities use "financial innovation" as a gimmick, but are essentially a Ponzi scheme of "borrowing new and repaying old", making it difficult to maintain long-term capital operations. The general public is requested to view the blockchain rationally, do not blindly believe in promises made by the public, establish correct currency concepts and investment concepts, and effectively improve risk awareness; they can actively report to relevant departments any clues about illegal crimes discovered.

㈣ Re-understanding the blockchain: Enlightenments brought by more than 1,550 application cases

Author: Ran Wei

(This article is excerpted from "2021 Global Area Blockchain Application Market Report")

When we talk about blockchain, anyone who knows something about blockchain can more or less express some of their own opinions on related topics. . For example: from the perspective of technical system, blockchain is a new application of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm; from the perspective of functional attributes, blockchain is decentralized, non-tamperable, and full-process. Features such as leaving traces, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

Looking back at the history of blockchain, there is no way around Bitcoin. On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, on January 9, 2009, Bitcoin block number 1 was born. When two blocks are connected, the blockchain is "born."

The inventor of Bitcoin, whose pseudonym is “Satoshi Nakamoto”, may find it difficult to imagine: In the past 12 years, with Bitcoin as the center, a huge “cryptocurrency family” has spread all over the world. The financial market set off a "big wave" that continues to this day. In the meantime, innovation and risks related to cryptocurrency are intertwined, and progress and bubbles are at the same time.Today, admiration and criticism coexist, and it drives government departments in various countries to continuously improve the monetary and financial systems, social governance and supervision systems.

At the same time, the blockchain that accompanies Bitcoin is also evolving rapidly, and has long gone beyond the scope of "Bitcoin's underlying technology" and has been applied to every corner of social and economic development.

So, what mechanism does blockchain work through? What are its advantages compared to traditional technologies and models? What is its application effect? In the "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report" jointly released by Capital Lab and Yuanwang Think Tank, we tried to provide a certain basis for the above issues through research on more than 1,550 application cases around the world in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. Empirical answer. At the same time, based on the study of these cases, we can establish a new understanding of blockchain: blockchain is trust, blockchain is sharing, blockchain is transaction, blockchain is substitution, and blockchain is efficiency.

In the Bitcoin creation paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency System", "Satoshi Nakamoto" repeatedly emphasized that Bitcoin has the characteristics of not relying on a "trusted third party". That is the characteristic of “decentralization”.

On the other hand, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, is precisely designed for "trust." In other words, reshaping "trust" in the digital age is the most basic function of the blockchain, but this trust has been transformed from trust between people and legal entities to trust between machines and machines. Trust between blocks and between nodes. Interestingly, the subsequent “smart contract” function has further strengthened this trust through its integration with the blockchain.

Identity coding and authentication are the first steps to achieve the above-mentioned trust mechanism, and the distributed identity (Decentralized Identity, DID) system is the core of it. With DID applications, everyone from individuals to organizations to IoT devices, from physical items to virtual products, can be given digital "identities" and achieve trusted interactions. It is precisely because of this that blockchain-based certificate storage, empowerment, verification, circulation, and transactions can be realized, and only then can blockchain be implemented in various industries.

Application cases from around the world show that new trust mechanisms provide new rules and motivation for social and economic operations:

l China is comprehensively promoting blockchain electronic certificates Applications such as "one fish, one code", "one fruit, one code", "one tea, one code" and other applications are driving the global Anti-counterfeiting traceability of agricultural products and upgrading of food safety system;

l Through the combination of blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence, the credit "portraits of enterprises""More accurate, and can obtain faster and lower-cost financing services;

l Charitable institutions have put charity funds "on the chain" to form a more transparent and standardized public welfare Tracking and management system;

l Relevant cities in China have launched a blockchain-based gas cylinder product traceability management system, and the credibility of the source of gas cylinder file information and the level of gas cylinder safety management have been greatly improved;

l Germany is establishing a digital registration system based on identity authentication for its distributed energy assets to promote the development and trading of renewable energy and cope with the arrival of the digital energy era...

Among the three types of blockchain (public chain, alliance chain, private chain), alliance chain has been the most widely used. In addition to considerations of technical performance, operating efficiency, operability, expected results, etc., this mainly This is because all parties in the alliance already have a certain foundation of trust. This also shows from another perspective: in blockchain applications that transcend cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, "multi-centralization" rather than complete "decentralization" is the key A more realistic option.

In addition, it is undeniable that unlike the proof-of-work mechanism on which Bitcoin “mining” relies, blockchain cannot be used in actual applications. The authenticity of the on-chain data is completely guaranteed at the source. In other words, a certain alliance member or node may provide false data intentionally or unintentionally. However, with the help of the blockchain's non-tampering, traceability, multi-party consensus and other characteristics, the alliance can Fraudulent behavior is identified and corresponding punishments are imposed, such as "kicking" the counterfeiting members out of the node. Therefore, in a sense, trust based on the blockchain largely establishes alliance members' confidence in the authenticity of the data. Awe, and the shock of data fraud.

If "trust" is the foundation of blockchain applications, data sharing is the core of blockchain applications. Without data sharing, there will be no cooperation. It is impossible to talk about the practical application of blockchain.

l The State Administration of Foreign Exchange’s “Cross-border Financial Blockchain Service Platform” pilot has been fully launched, through foreign exchange bureaus, taxation, banks and enterprise-related The exchange of information between market entities promotes the development of foreign trade export business;

l The "Preservation/Claims Alliance Chain" jointly established by 11 insurance companies in Taiwan has been put into operation, and each company has achieved " Single application, common documents”;

l Blockchain platforms such as Contour and TradeLens are reshaping the global supply chain through data collaboration among enterprises, financial institutions, shipping companies, terminals, customs and other institutions. And provide impetus for the digital transformation of international trade...

l In China, through data collaboration, various government departments have realized "one number, one source, one source for multiple uses, one network, and the entire process." ";

l Through the "Judicial Chain" platform, all types of electronic evidence can be seamlessly connected with judicial institutions such as notarization, arbitration, judicial appraisal, and courts, which improves the efficiency of the judicial system while reducing costs;

l The "cross-domain collaboration mechanism for trial auxiliary matters" for grassroots courts across the country can realize "cross-domain service and cross-domain evidence collection" between courts in different regions, effectively improving the efficiency of trial auxiliary matters and the quality of trials. It is effective and reduces the cost of judicial operation...

l China's "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Combination Port" project was officially launched, which can support the interconnection and interoperability of trade parties among the five major customs jurisdictions of the Greater Bay Area and become the first connected port in the Greater Bay Area , customs, logistics, enterprise, finance and other trade processes, interconnected and shared blockchain network;

l Japan's KDDI Telecom, Hitachi, Kansai Electric Power, Sekisui Construction and other large enterprises have established blocks Chain Alliance NEXCHAIN ​​to form a cross-industry real estate information sharing and management model and promote cross-industry innovation;

l The French Renault Group completed the test of its blockchain project "XCEED" for zero Sharing compliance information between component suppliers and automakers and simplifying compliance certification….

Although the above application cases in finance, government affairs and various industries are only a few typical cases, they are enough to illustrate that: on the one hand, data sharing is an inherent requirement of blockchain applications. In terms of specific implementation, everything must start from breaking "data islands" and "information asymmetry"; on the other hand, the application practice of blockchain has in turn promoted cross-level, cross-department, cross-industry, cross-region, and cross- Data sharing and unprecedented cooperation across national borders.

It can also be seen from the above cases that based on the transparency, security, trustworthiness and other characteristics of the blockchain, data sharing allows cooperation that originally seemed impossible to be achieved, and more Open innovation results; data sharing can effectively improve the operating efficiency of business systems, financial systems and social governance systems; various organizations promote their own organizational changes and process changes while sharing and cooperating with external institutions.

Based on trust and sharing, "transaction" is the most intuitive and deepest manifestation of the value of blockchain applications. Currently, blockchain is opening a new chapter in the transformation of transaction models in various industries around the world.

From the perspective of functional architecture, blockchain-based transactions are by no means just a change in the transaction process. Instead, they integrate various unique functions of the blockchain. Integrated integration of blockchain applications such as logistics, payment/settlement, supply chain financing, insurance, and network security.

In terms of application form, blockchain-based transactions transcend the traditional concept of product or service transactions and represent the value of a wider range of data in circulation.value realization.

From the perspective of application scenarios, transactions based on blockchain involve the upgrading of the physical industry, the digital advancement of the financial industry, and the innovative application of the "token economy".

In the physical industry, take the application of agricultural blockchain as an example: on the one hand, supply chain traceability based on blockchain has become an important barrier to food safety; but on the other hand, for growers or For farmers, the supply chain traceability function is far from enough. How to help them expand the sales of agricultural products and obtain more income as much as possible is the "hard truth" for blockchain technology to continue to promote agricultural development. In other industries, the same applies.

Against the above background, new trading platforms in the global physical industry continue to emerge:

l The Indian government uses blockchain platforms to help farmers in remote areas sell agricultural products to reduce the While eliminating intermediate fees, obtain higher income;

l The Swiss company Cerealia builds a blockchain-based agricultural product trading and financing platform to promote the export of agricultural products in emerging market countries around the world;

l The world's largest independent refined sugar producer, Al Khaleej Sugar Company of the United Arab Emirates, launched DigitalSugar.io, a blockchain-based sugar product trading platform, to realize spot-based international raw sugar trading;

l Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, has launched an international timber electronic trading platform based on blockchain, which will manage the entire timber transaction process on the chain, and will provide the timber market with full industry chain services such as cloud warehouse supervision, logistics, finance, and insurance;
< br /> l Shandong Province launched the Shandong Internet Traditional Chinese Medicine Trading Platform, which will use blockchain and other technologies to achieve online integrated services of quality control, trading, payment, settlement and supervision;

l Suzhou Phase Weitang Town in the urban area has released a blockchain-based pearl online trading platform, which will store the core parameters and test reports of pearls on the chain, and will also add functions such as supply chain management, trade finance, smart contracts, payment settlement, and incentive mechanisms;

l Honeywell launched GoDirect Trade, an online trading platform for new and second-hand aircraft parts, providing a valuable reference for large manufacturers on how to apply blockchain to parts trading and circulation... ….

In the financial industry, blockchain is promoting the digital advancement of financial transaction business in aspects such as securities trading, asset securitization, trade financing, and cross-border settlement:

l The Australian National Stock Exchange has launched ClearPay, a digital securities trading platform based on distributed ledger technology, which can provide multi-currency, real-time DVP settlement on the same day and will replace the original exchange settlement system;

l Switzerland CompanyFinka launched a related securitization token investment platform based on livestock from organic pastures in Bolivia to promote the development of local livestock industry;

l American company Securitize established a Japanese real estate investment platform based on digital securities. Aiming to revitalize idle real estate in rural Japan and enhance rural economic vitality;

l Postal Savings Bank of China and China Construction Bank completed the first cross-blockchain platform forfaiting transaction, and Hua Xia Bank Kunming Branch achieved this for the first time Secondary market forfaiting resale business;

l Nanjing Iron and Steel has completed blockchain-based iron ore transactions with Rio Tinto of Australia and Vale of Brazil respectively;

l Baosteel Co., Ltd. and Australia's Rio Tinto completed the first blockchain-based RMB cross-border settlement transaction...

Of course, while blockchain promotes the advancement of financial transaction business, dark sides such as hype, scams, money laundering, and cyber attacks related to blockchain and cryptocurrency continue to follow. How to continue to promote financial innovation while also carrying out efficient risk prevention and control and effectively cracking down on illegal crimes is an important issue that requires long-term response. From a global perspective, China has responded with clear attitudes, strict measures, and effective measures in this regard.

The transaction changes realized by the blockchain in the real industry and financial industry are only the initial stage of the blockchain changing the traditional transaction method. The "Token Economy" is the blockchain "transaction" A higher level of functionality.

Under the framework of the "token economy", from electronic certificates to skill certificates, from credit records to public welfare activity participation records, from social media tracks to carbon emission reduction actions, when various data become When an encrypted digital proof of rights is circulated and exchangeable, it is given the function of "token".

Regardless of the investment/speculation craze of "Non-Fungible Token (NFT)", we can already see many early applications of "token economy" around the world:

l The HotCity project supported by the Austrian government uses a crowdsourcing model combined with blockchain and gamification tokens to encourage residents to submit heating waste heat hotspots to meet urban heating needs more efficiently;< br />
l Ford establishes "Green Miles" for commercial and municipal fleets using hybrid vehicles to help improve urban air quality;

l Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, in its In the blockchain industrial park project, tokens are issued based on the points system for merchants and enterprises to establish a new commercial service platform;

l Chengdu released a blockchain-based community governance product "Chain Community", Residents can passActivities such as volunteer service can earn "time bank" points from the platform and be exchanged for benefits and discounts provided by community merchants;

l Electric vehicles from the global non-profit organization "Mobile Open Blockchain Initiative" The Charging Network Working Group (EVGI) launches a global standard system for decentralized car charging technology, covering the Tokenized Carbon Credit (TCC) scenario;

l Blockchain reward platform MiL.k and South Korea Retailers collaborate to provide blockchain-based points management services to their members. Members can convert existing points into local MLK tokens through the MiL.k platform, or exchange them into other third-party points...

As can be seen from the above cases and more, the "token economy" has several distinctive features:

The "token economy" gives assets to a wider range of data Attributes and tradable attributes, and through cross-domain and cross-platform mutual trust and circulation, can improve the operating efficiency of the entire social and economic system;

"Token economy" is a new value creation and The realization process does not necessarily use currency directly as the medium of exchange, but is more reflected in the exchange, mutual benefit and reallocation of various elements and resources;

"Token economy" is often combined with incentive mechanisms. At the same time, through incentives for "good people and good deeds", "good companies" and "good institutions", the social value system and social credit system will be effectively reshaped.

Generally speaking, the "token economy" will spawn new production factors, reshape production relations, and greatly liberate social productivity; the "token economy" represents the direction of the "information Internet" The evolution of the "Internet of Value" indicates the most exciting future of the digital economy; the "token economy" based on the blockchain has begun to take shape and has begun to bring changes to economic operations, social governance, and everyone's lifestyle. Continuously visible change. All types of institutions and individuals should be mentally and physically prepared for this change.

Like other new technologies, in the process of application and popularization, blockchain continues to produce substitution effects in terms of platforms, media, models, methods, etc.: physical documents are replaced by electronic documents, and credit records are replaced by electronic documents. Tokens are replaced, manual review is replaced by data verification, and the city management platform is replaced by the "city brain"...

Such substitutions have become the norm:

l Argentina’s central bank has begun a proof-of-concept for a new blockchain clearing system, which may replace the existing clearing system;< br />
l Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO) expanded its blockchain digital gift certificate business to replace paper gift certificates and achieved record revenue despite a sharp decline in the issuance of banknotes and coins. Improve;

l Courts across China have begun to use blockchain electronic seals to replace traditional paper seals in the enforcement of real estate seizures;

l The Shanghai court system is adopting new technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain , exploring the use of digital court trial records to replace manual court trial transcripts;

l Japanese company SUSMED launched a "Clinical Data Monitoring System Demonstration Using Blockchain Technology" pilot to demonstrate the necessary monitoring in clinical trials of drugs or medical equipment The process can be replaced by a blockchain system;

l Alipay and Wukong Car Rental have cooperated to launch a "face-swiping" car rental service. Through blockchain technology and a credit-free model, tourists only need to "swipe their faces" You can rent a car and return it through mobile phone operations;

l Under the new crown epidemic, local governments in China have intensively launched "no face-to-face, no contact, zero errands" government affairs combined with blockchain technology The service has replaced the traditional offline service method, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of remote bidding, "cloud" customs clearance, financial support, resumption of work and production, etc. during the epidemic...

In addition, we can also see that through the use of blockchain technology, various enterprise-level services are also realizing substitution and evolution: from paper contracts to electronic contracts, to program-based, Blockchain contracts that can automatically execute smart contracts. Blockchain is pushing contract signing into the era of "chain signing"; from offline human resources companies to online human resources platforms to the blockchain-based human resources market , global human resources services have experienced continuous changes from the 1.0 era to the 2.0 era, and then to the 3.0 era.

Generally speaking, when the blockchain "invades" various industries, it will "mercilessly" delete all unnecessary links and processes, all unnecessary manual operations, and accelerate the The era of paperless, unmanned and automated is coming.

In the process of our analysis of more than 1,550 blockchain application cases around the world, words like "improve", "accelerate", "shorten", "lower", "reduce", "save", " Words such as "save" appear frequently in front of our eyes. These words show that the improvement of efficiency is the common pursuit of all parties involved in blockchain applications and is also the most direct result of the substitution effect of blockchain.

Numerous application practices are contributing to this:

l Kenyan company Shamba Records provides blockchain traceability, transaction and financing services to farmers in the country, currently covering more than 6,000 Small farmers and helped them increase their income by at least 40%;

l TradeWaltz, a blockchain trading platform invested by NTT DATA, Mitsubishi and other companies, completed a trial run, and the results showed that the platform can reduce traditional Trade process 50%workload;

l Walmart Canada has significantly reduced invoice disputes with carriers by 97% through the application of the DL Freight blockchain platform;

l The State Grid Corporation of China’s power transaction certificate traceability inquiry platform was put into operation, automating the entire authenticity review process for registered users and saving 99% of the trusted manual review time;

l COSCO Shipping Lines and Shandong Port Group Qingdao Port cooperates to launch a blockchain paperless import and delivery model, which can save customers nearly 24 hours on average per container;

l Taizhou, Zhejiang uses "Internet of Things + Blockchain" The "chain" recycling system solves the problem of marine pollution control. Compared with traditional treatment methods, this recycling system can save 94% of labor costs and 84% of operating costs...

In summary, through the joint action of trust mechanism, sharing mechanism and transaction mechanism, blockchain has formed an obvious substitution effect, improved the operational efficiency of finance, government affairs and various industries, and will Continue to create systemic change. This change is reshaping the relationship between people and machines, people and society, and people and the environment, and clearly points to three ultimate goals: efficiency, well-being, and environmental protection.

㈤ Does blockchain have a "money" future?

Does blockchain have a "money" future?
This year, blockchain has become popular in China. Taxi drivers all know that it is a new outlet for the Internet economy. The latest data released shows its popularity in China - World Intellectual Property Organization statistics show that China applied for 225 blockchain technology patents last year, accounting for more than half of the world (406), followed by the United States (91) and Australia (13 items). These patents do not cover the field of cryptocurrency.
There are reports that Chinese Internet companies and financial service providers are competing to apply for patents on this "distributed ledger" technology, believing that it will revolutionize finance and other supply chains. It has nothing to do with "coin speculation". In the eyes of blockchain water testers, new technologies can make up for a crucial link - credit.
The transaction volume is not large, but financial giants dare not take it lightly
Blockchain is a decentralized recording system. The ledger of the blockchain is jointly recorded by all nodes participating in the transaction. Therefore, From investors to Internet hackers, they are all interested in the unprecedented "authoritative and tamper-proof" characteristics of blockchain.
Many "coin speculators" know that China has one of the largest number of "mines (computers involved in blockchain calculations)" for Bitcoin and other blockchain currencies in the world. Similarly, from 2012 to 2017, six of the nine companies with the most blockchain technology patent applications were from China.
However, the most active patent applicant in the past five years has been the US-based payment giant Mastercard, followed by Liechtenstein’s n-chain holdings.
Research institution Guangzhou AllianceRui pointed out that famous companies that have applied for blockchain patents also include Bank of America and British Telecom. Bank of America plans to develop a person-to-person payment system where all parties can transact under pseudonyms; British Telecom's technology can detect attacks on the blockchain; Mastercard focuses on payment tracking and uploading sales data to the blockchain.
In fact, the current transaction volume of the blockchain system is still a drop in the bucket compared with the mainstream world financial transaction system. The giants are actively developing patents to take precautions and avoid obstacles in the future.
Blockchain will convince you that this hairy crab comes from Yangcheng Lake
In the view of Dr. Shen Jie, an Internet of Things expert and leader of the overall group of the National Internet of Things Basic Standards Working Group, the distributed ledger of blockchain and The credit system brings opportunities to solve some credit problems, and through this, financial value can also be discovered.
"In the circulation of agricultural products, data is easily adulterated and lost." Shen Jie gave an example. For example, there are many hairy crabs on the market that claim to be produced in Yangcheng Lake, and they all have certificates or some "authoritative" data records to prove it. , but so many hairy crabs cannot all come from Yangcheng Lake. How do consumers know which ones are real?
"Today's traceability of agricultural products requires many links, from seedlings, chemicals to the environment, and all kinds of data must be complete. However, the lack of credit in China is now a serious problem, and consumers cannot confirm that they are good agricultural products. Agricultural products We cannot sell at high prices, and farmers’ profits are getting thinner and thinner.” Shen Jie said, “Now the government and e-commerce companies use a single force to promote traceability, and the cost is very high.”
Internet of Things technology uses a large number of devices to collect physical data To better perceive and manage the world's information, it is originally a good means of traceability; but if there is only the Internet of Things and each subject transmits data to the platform, the possibility of fraud and tampering cannot be ruled out. Shen Jie said: “To ensure that everything from the device to the platform cannot be tampered with, the credit reporting mechanism at the bottom of the blockchain can be used.”
According to reports, companies such as JD.com are trying to introduce blockchain technology in agriculture , so that every step of a cow's data from birth to slaughter to market shelves is uploaded to the blockchain, making it trustworthy.
A piece of land may be turned into an asset by blockchain credit reporting
“In the past, the value mining of entities in the physical world in circulation was insufficient.” Shen Jie said, “For example, I have A field, but no one invests in it, it is just a field. If it is digitized, it can be traded and rights and interests can be shared."
Shen Jie believes that the Internet of Things could have mapped this field into a digital asset. But in the past, it was not easy for financial institutions to use IoT data, and blockchain has made the combination of sensor data and finance possible.
“The Internet of Things plus blockchain can help banks and insurance companies obtain reliable data and solve the problem of information asymmetry. A credit reporting mechanism has been established between farmers and financial institutions.”
Shen Jie An ongoing case was introduced, which is to apply blockchain technology to fisheries. IoT sensors can monitor and manage water quality in fish ponds while alsoIt can help financial institutions collect farmer data and provide loans. While farmers get more profits, they can also improve the quality of their products and make them traceable.
And blockchain data has cross-platform credibility. "Alibaba Sesame Credit Points are meaningless outside Alibaba's system." Shen Jie said that blockchain technology relies on collaboration and data transmission among multiple entities, and will make the financial value of data as real as the physical world.
From medical insurance to game points, trust is no longer difficult
Jiangsu Hengwei Information Technology Company is an early company involved in the research and development of blockchain technology. Xu Yuchun, the person in charge of the company, said: "You can put the blockchain Chain is popularly understood as 'distributed electronic ledger technology that is open to the entire network'. It realizes the establishment of a low-cost credit system and value transfer, and can solve pain points and difficulties in many fields such as finance, public welfare, supervision, and anti-counterfeiting."
Perhaps it is precisely because of the inherent openness and transparency of blockchain that it fits well with China’s application scenarios that lack trust, thus triggering the enthusiasm of enterprises for R&D and patent applications.
Shen Jie believes that in some areas that are already digitalized, the credit advantages of blockchain will emerge faster.
“One is digital copyright, such as the intellectual property rights of Internet music. Blockchain applications may develop rapidly; the other is the gambling industry. In the past, it was difficult to avoid the possibility of fraud in gambling on the Internet. With blockchain, credit can be established ." Shen Jie said, "Another possibility is the virtual income of games, such as points. In the past, these points were useless without the game. Blockchain may promote the interoperability of various games."
Shen Jie said, Areas such as digital bank bills are also actively testing blockchain. He believes that it is still the early days of blockchain technology, and everyone is enthusiastic to promote development; but after innovation enters the deep water zone, breakthroughs in one point or one line are not enough, and the cooperation of ecological and systemic concepts is needed.

㈥ What currency is fuu legal?

Digital currency, it seems that only Bitcoin is legal among virtual currencies in our country.

㈦ "Metaverse" is popular, what is this thing?

Metaverse is a virtual world that uses technological means to link and create, and maps and interacts with the real world. The world is a digital living space with a new social system. [12]
The Metaverse is essentially a virtualization and digitalization process of the real world, which requires a lot of transformation of content production, economic systems, user experience, and physical world content. However, the development of the Metaverse is gradual, supported by shared infrastructure, standards, and protocols, and supported by numerous tools, platforms, andTaiwan continues to integrate, evolve and finally take shape. [23] It provides an immersive experience based on extended reality technology, generates a mirror of the real world based on digital twin technology, builds an economic system based on blockchain technology, and closely integrates the virtual world and the real world in the economic system, social system, and identity system. , and allows each user to perform content production and world editing. [23]
The term metaverse was born in the 1992 science fiction novel "Snow Crash". The novel depicts a huge virtual reality world where people use digital avatars to control and compete with each other to improve their status. , so far it seems that it still describes an advanced future world. [1] Regarding the "metaverse", the more recognized source of thought is the American mathematician and computer expert Professor Verno Vinci. In his novel "Real Names" published in 1981, he creatively conceived a brain-computer system. Interface to enter and gain sensory experience in the virtual world.

㈧ What kind of medicine is being sold in the blockchain MOBA game that claims to be profitable

Recently, a game has The concept of “chain games” has once again been brought to the public’s attention.

Starting from the server launch at the end of November, the blockchain game "Thetan Arena" (hereinafter referred to as "Thetan Arena") produced by the Vietnamese company Wolffun Game ") has attracted a lot of attention, and the official Twitter has announced from time to time that the number of players has hit a new high, from 1 million on the second day after the server was launched to 6 million now.

Considering that the industry estimated the number of monthly active players in Axie Infinity, the most popular chain game in the past, to be about 2 million, Xitan, a late-stage star, is indeed The momentum is building.

Many players may not be familiar with the concept of "chain games". Chain games are "blockchain games". An abbreviation for "Chain Game", also called Game Finance or GameFi, which is generally interpreted as performing a "decentralized financial operation" by playing games.

Of course, judging from most situations now, we can understand it relatively simply and crudely as "making money in online games", except that the gold coins are replaced by cryptocurrency. Or other things related to blockchain technology. Most players choose to play chain games for a simple purpose: to make money.

Xitan is such a multiplayer MOBA chain game. Regardless of the blockchain part, its gameplay is similar to the previously popular "Brawl Stars" There are many similarities. But in the circle of chain games,Xitan's relatively mature battle mechanism, smooth and beautiful graphics, smooth operation feel, rich hero pool, etc. are enough to reduce the dimensionality and combat the many chain games whose technology is still at the level of web games and the gameplay is boring.

And the biggest trump card of Xitan Arena is not In terms of gameplay, it lies in the free admission threshold.

Most chain games have a high entry threshold. Players need to invest a large amount of money to purchase some game props before they can officially start. game. For example, the Axie Infinity players mentioned above need to purchase 3 virtual pets to play the PVP or PVE sessions in the game. The lowest price of each pet on the market is equivalent to about one hundred US dollars. If you consider "cost-effectiveness", you have to choose a more expensive pet. Generally, you can't start the game without preparing a thousand or eight hundred dollars.

The Xitan Arena has the banner of free play and earning while playing, allowing players to start the game without any barriers. On the one hand, there is a threshold of several hundred dollars, and on the other hand, there is a free entry with nothing. It is self-evident which one is more tempting.

Some people also upload videos on Youtube to show people how they "earned" $100 in one hour, which is even more envy-inducing. Admission is free and you can make money by playing games. It’s not just a small amount of money. Where can you find such a beautiful thing?

Is this wool easy to grow?

Let me start with the conclusion, which is very difficult. The process of "making money" in Thetan Arena is roughly like this. Players choose heroes to start the battle. After the battle, they will be rewarded according to the results. The winner will get more. The reward is a kind of Thetan Coin (THC). ) cryptocurrency. There is no limit to the output of Sitan coins and they can be exchanged on several exchanges. After some operations, they can be converted into US dollars. After each player registers an account and enters the game, he will get three random heroes to start the game.

But here is the first trap. The starting hero that the player gets is called a "free hero". Players use free heroes to complete the battle, regardless of winning or losing. You won't get any rewards. The rewards mentioned above are only available to NFT heroes who need to pay to purchase them. We often joke that the ecology of free games is often"Free players are the gaming experience of paying players." I didn't expect there to be such a way to achieve it.

Of course, even if there are only free heroes, players You can gain income by improving your rank. You can get 10-30 Westan coins by playing just a few games. If you are more aggressive, you can also get one or two hundred Westan coins. If you can reach the highest level, you can get a total of 1500. Sitan coins. According to the time when the article was first written, the official exchange rate was that 1 West Tan dollar was equivalent to about 0.3 U.S. dollars. Doesn’t it sound bad for free prostitution players?

But the player really tries to get the When exchanging Westan coins for money, I discovered that this was not the case - free players actually need to reach the Bronze 1 rank to use the official cash withdrawal function. Of course, increasing the cash withdrawal threshold can prevent the studio's robots from swarming in, quickly earning a large amount of virtual currency, crashing the price and then leaving, but for free players who play normally, this threshold is not just "real person recognition" Such an easy level.

In the game, players will get points for winning. A win usually earns about 24 points, but when a player loses, 24 points will also be deducted. To reach Bronze 1, a full 4128 points are needed.

If the player's winning rate is 60%, then he will have to fight 860 games, based on the fastest "Team Deathmatch" game in the game, which takes 3 minutes. , he needs to devote about 43 hours to the game. When he reaches Bronze 1, he can get about 210 Sitan coins from the promotion reward, which is equivalent to about 60 US dollars at the exchange rate mentioned above.

If it is used as a reward for a 40+ hour game, it sounds okay. If it is to make money, then the opportunity cost and time spent will make people think again. What's more, it's also a question mark whether players with only three free heroes can maintain a considerable winning rate against the high-rarity heroes of various Kryptonian tycoons.

Of course, given that this Bronze 1 limit is only for Free players, so what happens if players do start "paying"?At this stage, players are no longer just raking in wool. The heroes purchased with krypton gold become "early investments", while the Xitan coins earned become "returns". Some players even calculate the "return rate". , "payback cycle". As mentioned earlier, the chain game called GameFi has gradually taken off the coat of game, revealing what appears to be "finance".

As for what kind of "return" can be obtained from the gold spent in Krypton, Xitan Arena has a complex reward mechanism. For this purpose, we consulted the official white paper , and created a table for further analysis. Paid NFT heroes are divided into three rarities: common, epic and legendary. In addition to the difference in the strength of the heroes themselves, the higher the rarity of the hero, the more Sitan coins they can earn for each victory, and their maximum number of battles will be greater (yes, every paid hero has battles Once the upper limit is reached, this hero will no longer be able to earn Sitan coins).

Obviously, the difficulty and selling price of high-rarity heroes will also increase accordingly. Xitan Arena provides two ways to obtain heroes, namely looting from boxes and market transactions, neither of which is cheap. There are three price points for opening boxes: 1000THC, 2000THC and 10500THC. The higher the box, the higher the chance of opening a high-rarity hero.

In market transactions, players trade freely. The lowest rarity hero that has not consumed any battles will be priced at around $150, while the highest rarity hero will be priced at around $150. The legendary level requires a high price of at least US$3,000. The "huge profit" of "$100 per hour" mentioned earlier can only be achieved on the premise that the video recorder purchases a legendary hero. In fact, in his video, what he is doing is actually "recovering the money." ” or even “stop loss.”

And here is the second trap, it is The game sets a "daily reward battle number", and each paid hero has a corresponding daily upper limit, ranging from 12 to 22 times. Even for legendary heroes, it will take about 15 days to recover the money in the extreme case of winning every game. If the player's winning rate is not as good as expected, the cycle will be longer.

On December 8, the official The release of a patch significantly reduced the "number of daily reward battles" for all paid heroes, basically to the point of halving, further lengthening the player's payback cycle, and the player community was sad for a while.Hong everywhere.

It can be said that there is no essential difference in the operation of Xitan Arena as a chain game and traditional games. The production team has a clear understanding of the game and the virtual property of players. Control is still almost absolute, and the concept of "decentralization" in GameFi is more like a player's fantasy in the game Xitan Arena. On the other hand, the production team's behavior of not hesitate to take tough measures to extend the players' return period is also quite intriguing.

Over time, it will affect more than just players "Efficiency of making money/recovering costs". In fact, the XITAN coins earned by players are not stable income. Friends who are familiar with cryptocurrency may know that the price of cryptocurrency fluctuates greatly, and this is especially true for XITAN coins, a cryptocurrency with no issuance limit. .

Judging from the records of the Coingecko exchange, the price of Xitan Coin has dropped from nearly $1 at the beginning of the server to the current $0.19, 14 It fell 76% within one day, and even if we only look at the last seven days, it was a 35% drop. Therefore, the player's "recovery/money-making efficiency" calculated above has actually continued to decline in the past two weeks, and may even be negative.

The official response naturally stated that they would use corresponding mechanisms to maintain a relatively stable price of Sitan coins to ensure the long-term economic ecology of the game. However, Whether this promise can be realized and whether the stable price is consistent with players' expectations is another question.

For the officials, this is probably not a big problem. As long as players make transactions or withdraw cash, they will charge There is a 4% handling fee, and it is charged in other cryptocurrencies instead of XITAN. In other words, for every transaction that players make in Xitan, the official can obtain income from the outside world that is basically equivalent to real money and silver. In the early days of the server opening, the Xitan coins that most players first used to open boxes were often Buy from official or affiliated channels.

If the game can develop in the long term, then the official can earn long-term benefits through handling fees. If it does not persist for too long, the early profits will also be considerable. , can’t lose anything.

Considering the huge amount of money "Sitan Arena" has received, we do not doubt that some players can really make money from the game. , and maybe even make a lot of money. But for most players, free play is just to fill your head and enliven the atmosphere. Paying for heroes has a long payback period, which is highly uncertain, and may come true at any time.

After continuously peeling off the sugar-coating of Sitan, it is not difficult to find that even with the blessing of blockchain and NFT, the "playing games to make money" kind of The beautiful thing about pie in the sky is just an illusion, and there is a big question mark as to whether it can even be regarded as a "financial investment".

*The authorized translation of this article is reproduced from the game industry media Superpixel