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『一』What are the characteristics of the public chain in blockchain technology

Jinwowo Network analyzes the characteristics of the public chain in blockchain technology as follows:
(1) Running on the Internet;

(2) Completely distributed;

(3) The number of data nodes is variable and unpredictable;

(4) Data is public;

(5) Anyone can participate anonymously;

(6) Operation and maintenance costs are high and rely on reward mechanisms;< br />
(7) Transaction speed is slow.

『II』 Blockchain and Wealth Redistribution Theory: Wealth and value will be distributed again

When talking about wealth redistribution theory, we have to talk about the current status of wealth distribution in China.

We know that the healthiest societies are olive-shaped. There is a huge middle class in the middle, and a small number of rich and poor at both ends. China's current social structure is definitely not an olive shape, nor a relatively stable pyramid shape, but an inverted T shape. The bottom layer is huge, with a very small proportion of wealth, and the one with huge wealth also accounts for a very small proportion. This structure is like a house supported by a pillar. It is very unstable and the risks are obvious.

To put it simply, capital now accounts for too large a proportion in the primary distribution of national wealth, while labor accounts for too small a proportion in the distribution. Just imagine, if this situation cannot be improved throughout their lives, what will people do? Most people will try to join a game-a game of wealth redistribution. For example, in the capital market, participants mobilize all resources and ingenuity for their own dreams, and fully engage in the game. You come and go, gain and lose, and your heart beats wildly. It is really exciting. After stimulation, social wealth generally changes and secondary distribution is completed. Of course, this distribution is still seriously unbalanced: the wallets of most people will be deflated before the wallets of a few people will be bulging.

Economist Mr. Wu Jinglian once described the Chinese stock market as a casino, where activities such as bookmaking, speculation, and stock price manipulation have reached their peak. No one can say how much wealth transfer and redistribution has been achieved as a result. clear. The GEM created 13 billionaires on the day it was established. The Bank of Beijing created 78 multi-millionaires on the first day it was listed. The Bank of Nanjing also created 66 millionaires on the first day it was listed. The Bank of Ningbo created 7 billionaires. Millionaire executives. Who created this? Of course it was thousands of miserable people.

Another example is real estate speculation. Real estate has long become a "sharp tool" for redistributing wealth. Insightful people have seen this at least ten years ago. The residential attribute of real estate has been repeatedly weakened, while the investment attribute has been over-strengthened, becoming a way to redistribute wealth. Due to the rapid increase in housing prices, ownersThe rich with capital and real estate are getting richer, and the poor are getting poorer. This is the current state of real estate. Since the investment attribute of real estate has gained the upper hand and even begun to dominate, speculation has been following it all the time. Since then, the problems of real estate have become more and more serious. Although the government frequently introduces various policies for macro-control, the resources that the government can use to redistribute wealth are very limited. Sometimes it can only demolish the east wall to make up for the west wall, leaving little room for maneuver.

In 2017, there was a topic about artificial intelligence and wealth redistribution. Specifically, if artificial intelligence is applied, can the gap between rich and poor be solved? At a related summit in Geneva, experts and scholars , policymakers and humanitarians engaged in intense discussions. The answer is simply unrealistic. First of all, it is ridiculous to encourage institutions or large companies to develop artificial intelligence systems that benefit the public. After all, everyone needs to face a question: Where is the money?

In fact, the advent of all new technologies is related to Adoption is accompanied by a redistribution of wealth, which will create another kind of inequality, which will make users of old technologies excluded by technology. At the same time, mastering new technologies also requires certain learning capabilities and the ability to acquire human capital. So those who are initially less capable often do not benefit from new technology but suffer from it. For example, a recent piece of news said that JD.com has begun to use drones for delivery, which will save a lot of labor costs. The question is, what will happen to the labor costs that will be saved? Will there be unemployment? Of course we are not opposed to new technologies, but any technology cannot be too cold and should have humanistic care.

We have repeatedly said that just like Chairman Mao led us to divide the land from landlords, the blockchain will lead us to take back the wealth that originally belongs to us, that is, data assets, and help us own them in the future. The most valuable thing in the economic world - data. In the future, everyone will have a brand-new right that no one can infringe upon, called "data investment right." That is to say, in the future we will use personal data to participate in future economic activities and obtain everything we gain in the process. The right to distribute the income generated. This is where blockchain makes the most sense.

『三』 How to make money with digital currency

This chapter is divided into three parts. It’s a collection of the long Weibo posts I’ve posted in the past few days (Weibo @十一斗地主). It's to make money.
The first part is a summary of some thoughts. Netizens commented that it is reverse thinking, which I think is very appropriate.
The second part is a draft by my colleague. Let me write about how to make money with digital currency.
The third part is to remind speculators to appreciate the beauty of blockchain.
Part 1
Yesterday, during the upgrade from Windows 7 to Windows S10, I was sitting at the front desk chatting. HR came to me and asked me why you are so enthusiastic about Bitcoin. I asked my family to download the company wallet and said there would be token rewards. They all think I look like a pyramid scheme.
At that time, I was thinking, what made us miss the wealth?
1. Many people know about Bitcoin, mainly through media reports, and in China, these reports are basically negative. The joint announcement by several ministries and commissions, amplified through CCTV and other media, immediately created a negative impression on people who basically have no "thinking" ability. I was test driving a Tesla once before, and I joked with the clerk that it would be great if you supported Bitcoin payment. The clerk looked at me doubtfully, "Bitcoin is black market money laundering, right? It's coming from the wrong direction!" The clerk said represents the thoughts of most people. They believe in "credibility" and have no time or energy to think about more essential things.
2. What is more important? What Money Is is a good example. I think, except for people in related fields, ordinary people will not hold RMB at all. Think about the logic behind this. On my nephew's first birthday a few days ago, my uncle said at the birthday party: "This eel is wild. Let's eat more. Wild is better.", I really want to ask "Why is wild good? What's so good about it?" ? Is it taste, nutrition, or simply inertial prejudice? Why are farmed things not recognized? Are wild ingredients really all good?" My spirit of asking "why" is actually a kind of in-depth thinking, which makes me more Get to the essence of things. But many people think that as long as they live a decent life, they don't think about it. To a large extent, they are just living, not trying to live well. Being smart and truth-seeking is a valuable attitude, even more important than how much money you make.
3. Why should I adopt the attitude of “loving wisdom and seeking truth”? This is downward growth. Know how everything around you came into being, how mobile phones were invented, how technology iterates, what is the logic of thought formation, how wealth is defined, what is the basis of power, etc., in the process of searching for answers, It is a manifestation of downward growth and a love for wisdom and truth. These explorations may seem far away from life, but are actually extremely important and can help us establish a good outlook on life.
4. I have read about "sugar" and know that this high-calorie food is always very attractive to primitive humans who are short of food, so I will laugh when I see children clamoring for ice cream. . This is nature. I've thought about why men like white and women like white. When I read news about women who like makeup and men who like to take risks, I understand that this is a result of evolution. This lower knowledge is the "sect" that does not leave its sect. This is also what Laozi said: Knowing the usual will lead to enlightenment, and not knowing the usual will lead to chaos.
5. If we continue to grow downward, keep asking "why", take off the clothes that the environment puts on me one by one, summarize according to our own thinking, and then tailor a suit to wear, then To a large extent, we have the ability to think independently. The media said, "Bitcoin is money laundering." I would ask, "Why did they choose Bitcoin for money laundering? What are its characteristics? Can these characteristics be used in other places?" Others said: "Is wild eel delicious?" I Hui asked, “Wild eels are small and expensive, while farmed eels have a balanced feed ratio and are more nutritious.Why is wild eel more delicious? ”
6. After this kind of thinking is trained, when you watch the news and see new things, you will come to different conclusions. Others only watch the news, but we have a higher perspective and naturally see more. From chasing time Wait for the time and wait for the trend to rush to you.
7. I hope you become the latter. Let’s go.
Part 2
To explain clearly how digital assets make money, I’m afraid I have to start with Start from many aspects, and my ability is limited, so I can only express my opinions very carefully.
The matter can be traced back to the US subprime financial crisis in 2008. At that time, governments of various countries printed a large amount of money in order to rescue the market. In the short term, it was indeed It will help alleviate the current crisis. But in the long run, this approach of throwing hidden dangers to the future is not worth advocating. I previously wrote on Weibo:
“We always long for what we can get immediately. stuff; always be skeptical of better stuff in the future. It's an evolutionary bet. This was a successful strategy in ancient times when food was scarce, but it is a failed strategy now when resources are abundant. It is really difficult for people to escape the control of genes and update the operating system, but it must be done. ”
Directly printing money to save the market is to sacrifice long-term interests to solve immediate problems.
Government revenue comes from two sources. The first is taxation. Taxation attracts more people’s cries and is not conducive to governance. The second is Overdrafting people's trust. By issuing bonds from the central bank, which is "fiat currency", people can't feel the pain for a while. Once the time is extended, it will be too late to find out. It has already been caused by a collision, but there is no way.
However, in The Internet is a borderless place. In the real world, people are helpless against inflation, and finally they come to Satoshi Nakamoto. From an evolutionary perspective, when everything matures, new technologies, new inventions, and new theories will naturally will appear. The maturity and development of cryptography, economics, mathematics and other disciplines to a certain stage will surely give rise to the emergence of "Bitcoin" and the technology behind it "blockchain".
We don't have to care about Satoshi Nakamoto But we should understand from the perspective of historical evolution that people's dissatisfaction with the continuous devaluation of legal currency will naturally put forward new demands. And currency will naturally become the first area to bear the brunt.
Traditional legal currency, no matter what the government promises , no matter how policies are formulated to curb inflation, they cannot be collected from the source. Life experience also tells us that legal currency is becoming less and less valuable. The 30,000 yuan placed in the bank thirty years ago, even if it becomes 100,000 yuan now , the party concerned also feels that he has suffered a big loss. He may not understand economics, but he understands purchasing power. This is the harm of the government spending money indiscriminately. Legal currency is not scarce. Its original sin is that it is becoming less and less valuable. The essence is that the government is always overdrafting People’s trust, this is an invisible exploitation.
What about Bitcoin, a digital currency? What’s so good about it? Or, how do you make money by playing with it?
First, we need to define "Money".
Suppose there is something that the whole village accepts, agrees with, and trusts. It can be recorded and dismantledDivide, circulate, use to buy groceries and pay tuition. This thing looks like money, feels like money, smells like money, so it is money itself. This source of value is the "consensus" of the whole village.
We don’t have to care whether this thing is a stone, a cigarette, or an invisible and intangible Bitcoin. Historically, people did use stones and cigarettes as money.
If you expand the village, it will be very difficult to form a "consensus" among more people. This can only be achieved through a larger "imagined community", such as a country, which can reach consensus through organizations such as governments and churches. . It should be noted that the government and the church here are actually third parties. The stranger recognizes this third party, completes the trust transfer, and then conducts commodity transactions. The value medium here is "legal currency".
So, money, in the final analysis, is consensus. It has little to do with what the real thing is.
Speaking of this, I am reminded of a point of view in the history of human currency. Currency is similar to the "wave-particle duality" in physics. Currency is actually a combination of virtuality and reality.
I used to think that money was tangible and had to be felt, but now my mind has changed. With the development of a cashless society, some new generations even believe that currency should be digital, but physical currency will feel uncomfortable.
My point goes further. I think currency should be completely digital. Digital currency should be scarce, have its own trust mechanism, no one can control it, high liquidity, security, high privacy, and easy to use.
Under the guidance of this kind of thinking, I believe that “money” is what Bitcoin should be like. It is decentralized and available in limited quantities. Mathematics ensures its scarcity and good circulation properties. More and more people around the world recognize it and its privacy is also very good. In the future, with the popularity of Lightning Network, micropayments will be very convenient and fast.
This is the beauty of Bitcoin.
Still saying that, how to make money buying Bitcoin?
I think this question may be asked in reverse: If Bitcoin is a real currency in the future, then what is a legal currency? It may be worthless because holding it will make your asset fall in value, which is not a good way to make money.
But from the current point of view, after all, digital currencies such as Bitcoin are not widely used, and many people have not heard of them. Only a few people cross the threshold of awareness. Essentially, they are making money from people who are not yet awakened and have future thinking.
Looking at the present from the end, everything will be clear. Don't care about temporary gains and losses, don't care about immediate huge profits, but take a long-term view and aim at the stars and the sea.
Part 3
Many people don’t understand blockchain. In their eyes, it is just a profit-making tool, just like stocks, foreign exchange, and gold. Profit from volatility and also explode from volatility. They are chased by time again and again, chasing what will happen next, never stopping to watch and think. The beauty of blockchain is illusory to them, but its external performance is extremely real. it'sBringing yourself orgasms and stimulation time and time again, sinking in the process of pursuing feelings.
As for the real players, I think I can borrow a sentence from Sernoux Da to express it:
"Only beauty and the gaze of beauty seem to make us transcend time in the moment of infinite magnification."

『四』The main roles involved in blockchain electronic invoices are

The roles involved in blockchain electronic invoices are divided into service providers and service users. Service providers include consensus nodes and supervision nodes. , business nodes; service users include financial departments, invoicing units, invoice collectors, invoice users and regulatory authorities

『五』Using knowledge of political life to explain how blockchain technology empowers social governance< /p>

Blockchain technology
① can help the government efficiently integrate information, strengthen department coordination, improve the effective performance of various functions, and improve administrative efficiency;
② Transform government functions, which is conducive to prudent use power and improve the government's scientific decision-making level;
③ better serve the people and improve the government's execution and authority.

『Lu』 Blockchain is not a multiple-choice database code

Blockchain is not an application or a scam. According to the query of relevant public information: Blockchain is a permanent, irreversible record generated by superimposing encrypted data (blocks) in chronological order (chain). In a sense, blockchain technology is a kind of technology in the Internet era. New information delivery technologies.

『撒』 Blockchain is the answer to the problem of risk control system

Finance has three elements: security, profitability and liquidity

And these three have one thing in common, that is, the conflict between the present and the future in space and time. Conflict is an unstable factor that must be restrained through the design of power, and the restraint of this power design is control. This control process corresponds to the principle of equivalent exchange, or conflict defensive design. Original link

Let’s take a look at the principles of this defensive design:

First, we need to do an evaluation. Let’s first look at the definition of risk assessment:

Before or after a risk event occurs (but it has not yet ended), the impact and possibility of losses caused by the event to people’s lives, lives, property, etc. quantitative assessment work.

In other words, risk assessment is to quantitatively evaluate the possible degree of impact or loss caused by an event or thing. From the perspective of information security, risk assessment is an assessment of the threats, weaknesses, and consequences faced by information assets (i.e., the set of information possessed by a certain event or thing).The impact, and the assessment of the possibility of risks brought about by the combined effect of the three. As the basis of risk management, risk assessment is an important way for organizations to determine information security needs and is part of the planning process of the organization's information security management system. We need to realize that people have motivations, while machines and programs only have instructions. This is an important difference between humans and machines.

The following are the problems faced in the process management of defensive design of risk control:

What is the object (or asset) to be protected? What is its direct and indirect value?

What potential threats do assets face? What causes the threat? How likely is it that the threat will occur?

What weaknesses exist in the asset that could be exploited by threats? What about ease of exploitation?

Once a threat event occurs, what kind of losses will the organization suffer or what negative impacts will it face?

What security measures should the organization take to minimize the losses caused by risks? ?

The process of solving the above problems is the process of risk assessment.

When conducting risk assessment, there are several correspondences that must be considered:

Each asset may face multiple threats

Threat sources (threat agents) There may be more than one

Each threat may exploit one or more system weaknesses

The risk control system is a system about motivation and process management. Motivation and process management are the basic logic of the risk control system. Have you noticed that these are all human designs. Human design is based on knowledge structure and empirical judgment. Based on the principles of cases and statistics, there is due diligence.

Yet inquiry is rooted in the uncertainty of space and time; inquiry is motivated by the desire to bring the future and the present into agreement. Please note that this is still a human design. Just as all investigation reports are written by people, the information and data that people refer to are also written by people. So, here comes the key point, can the programs set by humans be replaced by technology? This question may have been unanswerable in the past, but now it has an answer.

The answer may be blockschain.

『8』How to define blockchain and what are its application scenarios

Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology , omnipotent, somewhat mythizing blockchain technology!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.

Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad

As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.

Blockchain technology features include:

Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).

At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.

At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.

As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.

Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.

Blockchain is a system that connects data blocks in an orderly manner andCryptography ensures that it is a distributed ledger (database) technology that cannot be tampered with or forged. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.

Digital currency

After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.

Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.

my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.

Financial asset transaction settlement

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a connectionThe alliance chain network covers core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. Core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the notes are digitized on the chain, they can be transferred between suppliers. Each level of supplier can Digital bills prove that the corresponding amount of financing is achieved.

Digital Government Affairs

Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting

Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Data services

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. districtThe combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.

In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.

Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.

Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.

eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.

Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.

Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "intelligentA contract cannot simply be understood as an electronic contract. It refers to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to confirmation to final execution. "Jin Hongzhou explained.

From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but an integration of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, smart contract and other computer technologies. New application model. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.

Due to the characteristics of "decentralization" and "distribution" With advantages such as "automatic data storage", "traceability", "tamper resistance", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve the problems of data authenticity, security and openness in the data field. A data management environment to prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practical exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions. Empower public resource transaction management services.

Promote transaction data sharing and transaction witness

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Promote transaction data sharing

Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. During the bid evaluation process, it is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders, and the same personnel are duplicated. Problems such as difficulty in troubleshooting as a project manager and low cost of breach of trust by transaction entities. Establishing a cross-regional entity database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.

The distributed ledger features based on blockchain can Effectively guaranteeing the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, it can reduce repeated entry operations of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the authenticity of the data flow process on the chain. The performance of bidders in the regional alliance is directly taken from the data on the chain. This makes it impossible to hide false performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".

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Blockchain-based transaction witness

The document "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" (State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) points out the need to optimize witness, venue, Information, archives, expert extraction and other services. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing strength, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witnessing system is easy to collect data afterwards Be tampered with, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.

Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to verify each transaction The data generated in the link are solidified and stored as evidence.Accurately record the time, content, and data source of data generation through timestamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies

Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates

At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.

At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .

Promote financial services for bidding companies

The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.

Solving the financing problems of successful bidders

Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustainable profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Financing is difficult and expensive, which makes them difficult to attract investors.problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.

Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.

Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.

Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.

Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.

So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.

Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.

Decentralization solves problems.

What application scenarios can blockchain have?

In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day

However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.

What economic applications can blockchain have?

The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.

Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time

The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management

Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.

Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.

The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.

Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.

In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.

At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.

Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.

The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.

An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud

In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode

What is blockchain

If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. So in this data explosion on the Internet, informationThe place where the explosion occurred would be like a magical treasure land if there was such a place.

What can the blockchain do?

If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:

Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.

If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.

The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.

Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.

In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.

1. Cloud storage

This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?

Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.

2. Medical aspects

Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.

『玖』 What is the main way to ensure the security of blockchain?

BlockChain technology is a distributed recording technology that ensures the security and reliability of data by encrypting and distributing data.
The security of the blockchain is mainly ensured through the following methods:
1. Encryption technology: The blockchain uses symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption algorithms, which can effectively protect the security of data.
2. Distributed storage: Blockchain data is not stored centrally on a single node, but is stored dispersedly on various nodes in the network, which effectively prevents data tampering and loss.
3. Consensus mechanism: Blockchain usually uses a consensus mechanism to confirm the legitimacy of transactions, which helps prevent malicious transactions from occurring.
4. Contract mechanism: Blockchain can automatically execute transactions through smart contracts, which helps prevent manipulation of transactions.
Blockchain technology also brings some challenges while achieving security. For example, the security of the blockchain can be attacked by vulnerabilities, or assets can be stolen because private keys are leaked. Therefore, when using blockchain technology, you also need to pay attention to issues such as identity authentication and password security to ensure the security of the blockchain.
In addition, the security of blockchain technology may also be affected by policies, regulations, etc. For example, in some countries and regions, blockchain technology may be subject to censorship and restrictions, which may also have an impact on the security of the blockchain.
In general, the security of blockchain technology is mainly guaranteed through encryption technology, distributed storage, consensus mechanism and contract mechanism, but other challenges and influencing factors need to be paid attention to.