网络区块链合法吗,区块链信息网站

① What is the blockchain’s network information filing and does it have any effect?

The main responsibilities of service providers are clearly defined. Mainly include: First, implement information content security management responsibilities. Second, it has the technical conditions suitable for its services. The third is to formulate and make public management rules and platform conventions. The fourth is to implement the true identity information authentication system. Fifth, blockchain information services are not allowed to engage in activities prohibited by laws and administrative regulations or to produce, copy, publish, or disseminate information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. Sixth, for users of blockchain information services who violate laws, administrative regulations and service agreements, disciplinary measures should be taken in accordance with the law and contracts.
As an emerging technology, blockchain has the characteristics of non-tamperability and anonymity. While it brings opportunities to national development and convenience to social life, it also brings certain security risks. Through the combination with the field of communication, it is used by some lawless elements to spread illegal and harmful information, carry out illegal and criminal activities on the Internet, and damage the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. Some blockchain information service providers have a weak awareness of security responsibilities, and their management measures and technical support capabilities are imperfect, posing new challenges to Internet information security.
"Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations"
Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations

" Article 9 stipulates that blockchain information service providers develop and launch new products, New applications and new functions must be reported to the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices for security assessment in accordance with relevant regulations.

Article 11 of the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" stipulates that blockchain information service providers shall pass the approval within ten working days from the date of providing services

State Internet Information Office

The blockchain information service registration management system fills in the service provider’s name, service category, service form, application field, server address and other information to perform the registration procedures. The platform can conduct the assessment itself or entrust an assessment agency with corresponding qualifications to conduct the assessment, and submit a security self-assessment report through the National Internet Security Management Service Platform.

② Why does a transaction in the blockchain require 6 blocks of confirmation? Is it a rigid rule?

This is not a rigid rule and has nothing to do with the blockchain. . There is a relationship between the algorithm of this coin and the confirmation method of each coin is different, so this is not a hard and fast rule.
The number of confirmations for Bitcoin, Ritecoin, Litecoin, and Dogecoin are all different.

③ Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations

Article 1 is to regulate blockchain information service activities, safeguard national security and social public interests, and protect the rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. Legitimate rights and interests, promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, in accordance with the "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", "Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services" and the "State Council's Authorization of the National Internet Information Office to be responsible for Internet information content""Notice on Management Work", formulates these regulations. Article 2 Those engaged in blockchain information services within the territory of the People's Republic of China must comply with these regulations. If laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail. The term “blockchain information services” as mentioned in these regulations refers to the provision of information services to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems. The term "blockchain information service provider" as mentioned in these regulations refers to the entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public, as well as the institutions or organizations that provide technical support to the entities of blockchain information services; the term "blockchain" as mentioned in these regulations refers to Chain information service users refer to organizations or individuals who use blockchain information services. Article 3 The Cyberspace Administration of China shall be responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services nationwide in accordance with its duties. The Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services within their respective administrative regions according to their responsibilities. Article 4 encourages blockchain industry organizations to strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry self-discipline systems and industry standards, guide blockchain information service providers to establish and improve service specifications, promote the construction of industry credit evaluation systems, and supervise blockchain information service providers Provide services in accordance with the law, accept social supervision, improve the professional quality of blockchain information service practitioners, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry. Article 5 Blockchain information service providers shall implement information content security management responsibilities and establish and improve management systems for user registration, information review, emergency response, and security protection. Article 6 Blockchain information service providers shall have technical conditions suitable for their services. For information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, they shall have immediate and emergency response capabilities and technical solutions for the release, recording, storage, and dissemination of information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. It should comply with relevant national standards and specifications. Article 7 Blockchain information service providers should formulate and disclose management rules and platform conventions, sign service agreements with blockchain information service users, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, and require them to promise to abide by legal regulations and platform conventions. Article 8 Blockchain information service providers shall, in accordance with the provisions of the "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", collect the real identity information of blockchain information service users based on organizational codes, ID number or mobile phone number, etc. Certification. If users do not authenticate their real identity information, blockchain information service providers shall not provide relevant services for them. Article 9 If a blockchain information service provider develops and launches new products, new applications, or new functions, it shall report to the national and provincial, autonomous region, or municipality Internet Information Office for security assessment in accordance with relevant regulations. Article 10 Blockchain information service providers and users shall not use block chain information services to engage in activities that endanger national security, disrupt social order, infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, or other activities prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, and shall not use block chain information services to produce , copy, publish, and disseminate information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. Article 11 Blockchain information service providers shall apply for blockchain information through the State Internet Information Office within ten working days from the date of provision of services.The information service registration management system fills in the service provider's name, service category, service form, application field, server address and other information, and performs the registration procedures. If a blockchain information service provider changes its service items, platform URL, etc., it shall go through the change procedures within five working days from the date of change. If a blockchain information service provider terminates its services, it shall go through the cancellation procedures thirty working days before terminating its services and make appropriate arrangements. Article 12 After receiving the filing materials submitted by the filing party, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices shall, if the materials are complete, be filed within twenty working days, issue a filing number, and pass the filing through the State Internet Information Office District The blockchain information service filing management system publishes filing information to the public; if the materials are incomplete, the filing will not be granted, and the filing person will be notified within twenty working days and the reasons will be explained. Article 13 Blockchain information service providers that have completed registration shall indicate their registration number in a prominent position on the Internet websites, applications, etc. that provide services to the outside world. Article 14 The Internet Information Office of the state and provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall conduct regular inspections of blockchain information service registration information. Blockchain information service providers shall log in to the blockchain information service registration management system within the specified time and provide relevant information. Article 15 If the blockchain information services provided by a blockchain information service provider have potential information security risks, they must make rectifications and comply with laws, administrative regulations and other relevant provisions and relevant national standards before they can continue to provide information services. Article 16 Blockchain information service providers shall take warning, function restriction, account closure and other disposal measures against blockchain information service users who violate laws, administrative regulations and service agreements in accordance with the law and contract, and deal with illegal information content Take corresponding measures in a timely manner to prevent the spread of information, save relevant records, and report to the relevant competent authorities. Article 17 Blockchain information service providers shall record information such as content and logs released by blockchain information service users, record backups shall be kept for no less than six months, and shall be provided when relevant law enforcement authorities inquire according to law. Article 18 Blockchain information service providers shall cooperate with the supervision and inspection implemented by the cybersecurity and informatization department in accordance with the law, and provide necessary technical support and assistance. Blockchain information service providers should accept social supervision, set up convenient complaint and reporting portals, and handle public complaints and reports in a timely manner. Article 19 Blockchain information service providers violate Article 5, Article 6, Article 7, Article 9, Article 11, Paragraph 2, Article 13, Article 15, Article 10 of these Regulations As stipulated in Articles 7 and 18, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipal Internet information offices shall give a warning in accordance with their duties and order them to make corrections within a time limit. The relevant business shall be suspended before making corrections; those who refuse to make corrections or the circumstances are serious shall be fined 5,000 yuan. A fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan shall be imposed; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law. Article 20 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Articles 8 and 16 of these Regulations, the Internet Information Office of the country and provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in accordance with their duties and responsibilities, in accordance with the provisions of the "People's Republic of China"be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the Cybersecurity Law. Article 21 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 10 of these Provisions by producing, copying, publishing, or disseminating information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, the Internet Information Office of the country, provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, on the basis of Responsibilities include giving a warning and ordering correction within a time limit, and relevant business should be suspended before correction; if the violation is refused or the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than RMB 20,000 but not more than RMB 30,000 will be imposed; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law. If users of blockchain information services violate the provisions of Article 10 of these Provisions and produce, copy, publish, or disseminate information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices shall, in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations, regulations will be dealt with. Article 22 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 11, Paragraph 1 of these Regulations, fails to perform registration procedures in accordance with these Regulations or fills in false registration information, the Internet Information Office of the country, province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall In accordance with their duties, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; if they refuse to make corrections or the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a warning and fined not less than RMB 10,000 but not more than RMB 30,000. Article 23 Those who engage in blockchain information services before the promulgation of these regulations shall complete relevant procedures in accordance with these regulations within twenty working days from the date when these regulations come into effect. Article 24 These regulations will come into effect on February 15, 2019.

④ What is blockchain

Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.

The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.

We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".

The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is very different from the traditional "centralized database" in storage, update and operation.

A centralized database can be thought of as having this shape:

For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, all data requests from when I make money to when he receives the money will be centrally processed by Alipay. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally believe it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being hacked, the server being burned, a traitor appearing, and the company running away (Of course, the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.

Then some people think that this kind of low-probability event can use any technical means to avoid individual risks, and not only hand over the data to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process data.

The database structure may look like this:

This picture is a schematic structural diagram of a "distributed database". Each point is a server, they all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it seems that it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but intuitivelyIt's also very confusing and inefficient. Who will handle my information, and who has the final say on the outcome?

At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: who will process a data request (what qualifications are required); who will verify the results (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors and verifiers from colluding with each other, etc.

Some people may like to be questioned when a "rule" is made. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, they must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. We will start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchain and the role of digital currencies.

When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": there are so many nodes that can process information, and I don't know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go and file a lawsuit against it). They all have my data, why should I trust them?

At this time, encryption algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) comes on stage.

In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of a hash algorithm.

Hash algorithms can quickly convert any type of data into hash values. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, and anti-collision. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request could record the information for me, but they had no idea who I was or what I was doing.

So far, the working principle of the decentralized network has been introduced. But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it blockchain?

To understand this matter, we need to clarify a few knowledge points first:

The previous picture is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. . And specifically at the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and strung together in chronological order to form a "chain structure", like this:

Figure Each ring in can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.

In order to academically explain the fields of each part of the data in the block, we tried to use a book metaphor to describe what a blockchain data structure is.

Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.

Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.

It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.

This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.

When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be formed if it is recognized by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.

This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.

Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."

Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.

When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to repay the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.

Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.

This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.

A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.

Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?

Let's go back to 2008.

On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after another, and the Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hoped to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.

Twenty-eight days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography mailing group: "I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third party. Three-party trust institution." The text of the post is a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.

The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.

Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto discoveredReleased the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This also sparked discussion in the bitcointalk forum. Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."

Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.

This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".

After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".

There are also people who are not satisfied with the world described in the "Old Testament" and start new sects, write the doctrines into white papers, and tell the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of the 66 books of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and after 2,000 years of interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.

CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%, and the recent price has been hovering around US$7,200 per coin.

So many currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain value storage and hedging characteristics; Ethereum The digital currency represented by Bitcoin has become the "operational fuel" in its network system; the stable currency represented by USDT and Libra has good payment properties due to its low volatility; the digital currency issued by the central bank represented by DCEP will definitely To a certain extent, it replaces M0, allowing commercial institutions and ordinary people to receive and pay without delay when they are out of cash and disconnected from the Internet.

It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, the first and largest application is digital currency.

Digital currency has also become an attractive reward for participants to maintain the public chain.

So besides digital currency, where else can blockchain technology be used?

Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is—a decentralized database, and its corresponding characteristics: traceability, publicity, anonymity, and tamper-proofing. In theory, you can try to use blockchain to transform traditional scenarios that use centralized databases to see if they are suitable.

Next, let’s talk about several industries and scenarios where blockchain has been successfully implemented:

Blockchain can prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamp, which can provide judicial authentication and identity certification. , property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting traceability, etc. provide perfect solutions

In the field of anti-counterfeiting traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Give two examples.

Blockchain can allow government data to be run, greatly streamlining service processes

The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts, and the workers only need to be in one department Through identity authentication and electronic signature, smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent approvals and signatures can be completed in sequence.

Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of blockchain technology in China. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting significantly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion.

Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Give two examples as well.

The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security is jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which will be issued to Chinese citizens based on the citizen's identity number as the root and cryptographic algorithm. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively alleviating the problems of personal identity information being fraudulently used, abused and privacy leaked.

Odaily Planet Daily compiled 5 identity chain projects registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes

In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, there are many markets Participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. In just a few minutes, they can complete payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that currently take two or three days to complete, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.

In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complicated. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer can handle the issuance on its own through smart contracts. , regulatory authorities conduct unified review and verification, and investors can also bypass intermediaries for direct operations.

In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. The current supply chain finance is difficult to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain.Because they often have no direct trade relations with core enterprises, it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Give me an example.

The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing

The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. As more new technologies develop, blockchain may be able to be combined with them and play a role in unexpected cross-fields and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.

In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.

Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.

In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

During this trial process from traditional technology to blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, they also have problems with the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance). , the requirements are not high, and this field is quite suitable for combining blockchain.

At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.

Typical cases of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric mainly contributed by IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.

These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. Businesses or individuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.

It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.

Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.

Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.

I hope that after reading this, you have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain infrastructure:

Blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.

⑤ How to effectively promote the innovative application of blockchain technology in the financial field

On February 24, the China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the Notice No. 03009 of the Fifth Meeting of the 13th CPPCC National Committee (Finance and Taxation Letter of reply to the proposal No. 199 (Financial Category No. 199). Proposed: According to the "Notice on Issuing the National Blockchain Innovation Application Pilot List" by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the People's Bank of China and the China Securities Regulatory Commission actively cooperated with the Cyberspace Administration of China to carry out the pilot work of the National Blockchain Innovation Application and took the lead in establishing the pilot list. Huaitai has established national pilot projects in the characteristic fields of "blockchain + equity market" and "blockchain + trade finance" to effectively promote the innovative application of blockchain technology in the financial field.
With the encouragement and support of multiple policies and financial regulatory authorities, it means that electronic signatures willIt has become a digital business processing tool for financial institutions to realize online business. In the future, electronic signatures and electronic contracts have become the general trend!
Ebaoquan’s brand Junzizhuan, as a professional blockchain electronic signing platform in China, has been committed to creating a one-stop full ecological financial closed-loop service for financial institutions for many years, from signing to depositing certificates to lending. A complete set of mature, reliable and secure blockchain electronic contract solutions helps financial institutions reduce costs and increase efficiency while improving risk management and control capabilities and effectively promoting the development of online business.
In addition to mature and reliable solutions, Junzi Sign has also successfully applied blockchain technology in the financial industry.
At present, the Junzi Signing Platform has established cooperation with many large domestic banks and achieved efficient business development.
Open up authoritative institutions such as Internet courts, notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, and arbitration committees to create a judicial support service system in Qiangming Town, which can provide complete evidence storage, evidence consolidation, and evidence production services. Compared with paper contracts, it has More rigorous and safe legal effect.

⑥ Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations

According to the relevant laws of our country, blockchain information service providers shall pass the national approval within ten working days from the date of providing services. The Blockchain Information Service Registration and Management Department of the Internet Information Office handles the registration procedures.
Blockchain filing means that according to the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations", information services provided to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems need to be registered and filed. The "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" were reviewed and approved by the Office of the State Internet Information Office and will come into effect on February 15, 2019.
Whether it is a public chain, a consortium chain, or a private chain, it is theoretically within the scope of registration; "information services" refer to blockchain media, market information, community and other services that are not based on blockchain technology or system operation. , does not fall within the scope of filing. Blockchain registration is only a registration of the subject’s blockchain information services and does not represent recognition of its institutions, products and services. No institution or individual may use it for any commercial purpose.
As long as they are based on blockchain technology or systems and provide information services to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc., including BaaS platforms, metaverses, digital collections, and NFT services, they also belong to the blockchain. Blockchain information service registration is required.
Blockchain registration process:
1. Enter the official website of the registration system, register an account, fill in the basic information, and after the registration is completed, you can log in to the registration system with your mobile phone number.
2. After logging into the filing system, the applicant should gradually fill in the application subject information, person in charge information and service information according to the system guidance, upload the materials and pictures required by the filing system, and then submit.
3. Wait for the review by the Cyberspace Administration of China and receive a reply within twenty working days.
4. After passing the office review, obtain the registration number. Blockchain information service providers that have completed archiving should clearly indicate on their Internet websites, applications, etc.The filing number is displayed in the display location.
Legal basis:
"Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations"
Article 11 Blockchain information service providers shall pass the National Internet Information Office District within ten working days from the date of providing services. The blockchain information service registration management system fills in the service provider's name, service category, service form, application field, server address and other information, and performs the registration procedures.
If a blockchain information service provider changes its service items, platform URL and other matters, it shall go through the change procedures within five working days from the date of change.
If a blockchain information service provider terminates its services, it shall go through the cancellation procedures thirty working days before terminating its services and make appropriate arrangements.
Article 12 After receiving the filing materials submitted by the filing party, the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices shall, if the materials are complete, file the filing within twenty working days, issue a filing number, and submit the filing through the National Internet The Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System of the Information Office publishes the registration information to the public; if the materials are incomplete, the registration will not be granted, and the filing party will be notified within 20 working days and the reasons will be explained.

⑦ What is the development trend of China’s blockchain in 2021?

Looking forward to 2021, the top-level design of my country’s blockchain will be further improved, application standards for various industries will be gradually established, and the development direction will be from Technology leads the way into market penetration; blockchain integration applications have begun to be implemented in many fields such as finance, supply chain, government affairs, etc., and the industrial scale will show rapid growth. However, many problems currently faced by the development of blockchain in our country still need to be focused on and started to be solved or alleviated in 2021. For example, the independent innovation capabilities of core technologies still need to be further strengthened, security issues and talent gaps need to be improved urgently, and integrated applications The scene still needs to be explored in depth. Therefore, CCID Research Institute proposed to accelerate the construction of the blockchain ecosystem, improve standards and regulations, improve the supervision system, strengthen the independent innovation capabilities of core technologies, promote the coordinated development of blockchain and other new technologies, and vigorously cultivate professional talents to achieve The blockchain industry is developing healthily.
Yibaoquan has been committed to the research and development and application independent innovation of blockchain since 2014. It is a blockchain electronics company that has maturely used blockchain technology to solidify and store electronic data and has been recognized by judicial authorities. Data storage and security agency. Through the pioneering "blockchain + judicial + application" model, with blockchain technology as the underlying technology and electronic data storage and preservation as the basis, we have launched intellectual property protection (micro-copyright), electronic contract signing (gentleman's signature), Internet Notary System (Zhongzhengbao) has three application layer brands.
E-Baoquan jointly launched the "Preservation Chain" open platform together with the Notary Office, Arbitration Commission, Copyright Protection Center, CA Organization, etc. At the same time, it has connected with the Guangzhou Internet Court and the judicial chain involving more than 30 courts led by the Supreme People’s Court. Continuously improving the "blockchain + judicial" ecosystem, Yibaoquan can provide one-stop blockchain security services such as evidence collection, evidence storage, and certificate issuance for different groups.
Currently, 15 items have been obtainedIndependent invention patents, 27 copyrights, ISO 27001 information security system certification, Ministry of Public Security Level 3 certification, national double-high enterprise, 2018 National Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Industrial Internet Pilot Demonstration Project (the only blockchain selected project), 2019 National The Cyberspace Administration of China is one of the first batch of domestic blockchain information service registration companies.

⑧ An introduction to the principles and applications of blockchain technology

1. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains The information of all Bitcoin network transactions in the past ten minutes is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. It is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, like a database ledger that records all transaction records.

2. Broad definition: Use encrypted chain structure to verify and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, use automated script code (smart contract) to convert and operate data A new decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing paradigm.

3. Narrow definition: A decentralized shared account that combines data blocks into a specific data structure in a chain in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable.

4. Characteristics of blockchain: Decentralization: The verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of blockchain data are all based on distributed system institutions, using pure Mathematical methods rather than central structures are used to establish trust relationships between distributed nodes, thereby forming a decentralized and trustworthy distributed system.

5. Time series data: Blockchain uses a chain block structure with timestamps to store data, thereby adding a time dimension to the data and having strong verifiability and traceability.

6. Collective maintenance: The blockchain system uses a specific economic incentive mechanism to ensure that all nodes in the distributed system can participate in the verification process of data blocks, and select specific nodes through a consensus algorithm Add new blocks to the blockchain.

7. Programmable: Blockchain technology provides a flexible script code system to support users in creating advanced smart contracts, currencies or other decentralized applications.

8. Safe and trustworthy: Blockchain technology uses asymmetric cryptography principles to encrypt data, and at the same time uses the powerful computing power formed by consensus algorithms such as workload proof of each node of the distributed system. To resist external attacks and ensure that blockchain data cannot be tampered with or forged, it has high security.

9. Blockchain application scenarios: Digital currency: Represented by Bitcoin Damin Coin, it is essentially a digital currency generated by a distributed network system. Its issuance process does not rely on a specific centralized institution. .