2018年区块链,2017年区块链

2018年，区块链技术已经成为全球最热门的技术之一，它正在改变着我们的社会和经济结构，让我们探索新的可能性。下面我们来看看2018年区块链技术的三个关键词：去中心化，智能合约和可扩展性。

去中心化是区块链技术的核心理念。它指的是没有中央管理机构的网络，它是一个分布式网络，每个节点都是自治的，没有任何第三方可以控制或监督网络的运行。这种去中心化的网络可以极大地提高数据安全性，降低交易成本，并且可以让更多的用户参与，从而提高效率和可信度。

智能合约是一种特殊的电子合同，它可以在无需人工介入的情况下自动执行。智能合约可以帮助用户实现自动化的交易，同时也可以提高交易的安全性和透明度。它可以让用户实现自动化的资金管理，同时也可以让交易更加安全可靠。

可扩展性是指区块链技术可以在不改变网络结构的情况下，支持更多的交易量和更多的用户。这是一种技术上的可扩展性，可以让区块链技术更加实用，从而支持更多的应用程序。可扩展性的实现可以提高网络的吞吐量，改善网络的性能，让更多的用户可以参与到区块链网络中来，从而让整个网络更加安全可靠。

从上面的介绍可以看出，去中心化、智能合约和可扩展性是2018年区块链技术的三个关键词。它们的实现可以帮助我们更好地利用区块链技术，让我们的社会和经济更加安全可靠。

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『一』What is the prospect of blockchain? What will happen if the token economy and sub-economy are combined? Will the chain-man model last?

The blockchain industry is developing rapidly to help entities Economic Cost Reduction and Efficiency Improvement

Currently, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is sweeping the world. New technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and blockchain are constantly emerging. The digital economy is undergoing profound changes
Changing human production and lifestyle, becoming a new driving force for economic growth. As a disruptive technology, blockchain is leading a new round of technological and industrial changes in the world. It is expected to become
the "source" of global technological innovation and model innovation, and promote the "information Internet" to the "value Internet" change.
To achieve dominance in the new generation of information technology. At present, my country's blockchain technology continues to innovate, and the blockchain industry has initially taken shape. It has begun to be rapidly applied in supply chain finance, credit reporting, product traceability, copyright transactions, digital identity, electronic evidence and other fields, and is expected to promote our country's The economic system realizes technological changes, organizational changes and efficiency changes, making important contributions to building a modern economic system.

As of June 2018, China’s blockchain-related businesses have initially formed a scale driven by the government, enterprises, and capital, and have grown in terms of number of patents, financing environment, policy support, and application implementation. All are at the forefront of the world.

The industry is developing rapidly, and the number of companies is increasing rapidly

According to the statistics of the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in the Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, in 2017 There were 406 blockchain-related patent applications globally this year, 225 of which came from China. As of the end of March 2018, the number of companies in my country with blockchain as their main business has reached 456. The blockchain industry has initially formed a scale, and the industrial chain links from upstream hardware manufacturing, platform services, and security services to downstream industrial technology application services, industry investment, media publicity, and talent services are basically complete.

Judging from the changes in the number of newly established companies in China’s blockchain industry, the number of companies in this field began to increase in 2014. By 2016, the number of newly established companies increased significantly, exceeding 100, which was the number in 2015. 3 times more. 2017 is the peak period for blockchain entrepreneurship in recent years. Due to the rapid popularization of the blockchain concept and the gradual maturity of the technology, many entrepreneurs have poured into this field, and the number of newly established companies has reached 178.

From equipment manufacturing to industrial applications, the blockchain industry chain is gradually becoming clear

Judging from the distribution of newly established companies in the blockchain industry segment, as of the end of March 2018 , the largest number of industry application companies in the blockchain field, among which application services for the financial industryThe number of companies providing services has reached 86, and the number of companies providing application services to the real economy has reached 109. In addition, the number of related companies in the fields of blockchain solutions, underlying platforms, blockchain media and communities is more than 40.

Judging from the distribution of investment events in the blockchain industry segment, companies related to industry application services have received the largest number of investment events, with a total of 113. It can be seen that investors have specific application scenarios. Projects that can actually be implemented are increasingly valued. The number of investment events in the underlying platform field was 42, and the number of investment events in the blockchain media and community field also reached 28. The blockchain field is attracting more and more entrepreneurs and capital, becoming a new highland for innovation and entrepreneurship. With the development of blockchain technology and the accelerated implementation of applications, the scale of the industry will continue to increase, and this field is expected to become a new economic growth point in the future.

The influx of Internet giants has rapidly promoted the development of my country's blockchain industry

Blockchain technology has not only been favored by entrepreneurial companies, but also received widespread attention from Internet giants. Internet giants Enterprises have expanded their blockchain business and rapidly promoted the development of my country's
blockchain industry. At present, Internet industry giants such as Tencent, Alibaba, Internet, and JD.com have joined in the research and scenario application of blockchain technology.

The geographical distribution is relatively concentrated, and the industrial agglomeration effect is obvious

Judging from the geographical distribution of China’s blockchain companies, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Zhejiang are still the hot spots for blockchain entrepreneurship. Concentrated areas, the four places together account for over 80%. Among them, Beijing is in the absolute leading position with 175 companies, accounting for 38%; Shanghai ranks second with 95 companies, accounting for 21%; Guangdong Province ranks third with 71 companies, accounting for 16%; Zhejiang ranks third The province ranks fourth with 36 companies, accounting for 8%. In addition, the top ten provinces with the most active blockchain entrepreneurship in China include Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou.

Blockchain applications are diversified, extending from finance to the physical field

Blockchain technology is distributed, tamper-proof, highly transparent and traceable, and is very suitable for It meets the business needs of the entire financial system, so it has been applied in payment and clearing, credit financing, financial transactions, securities, insurance, leasing and other subdivisions. For example, China Minsheng Bank and China CITIC Bank cooperated to launch the first domestic letter of credit blockchain application, China Ping An’s two major application scenarios of asset trading and credit reporting have been launched, and China Merchants Bank has launched the first domestic blockchain cross-border payment application. WeBank shortens the reconciliation time from T+1 to T+0 through a blockchain-based inter-agency reconciliation platform, achieving daily and real-time reconciliation.

As the innovation and development of blockchain technology gradually matures, the practical effects of industrial applications are becoming more and more apparent
The application of blockchain has extended from the financial field to the physical field, and electronic information storage , copyright management and transactions, product traceability, digital asset transactions, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management and other fields. The beginning and implementation of blockchain technologyThe deep integration of the economy and industry has formed a number of "industrial blockchain" projects, ushering in an era of "a hundred flowers blooming" in the industrial blockchain.

Realize the "informatization of collaboration links" to help the real economy reduce costs and improve efficiency

Judging from the current actual implementation cases, the implementation and application of industrial blockchain technology must be pragmatic and practical for the industry. For some "small issues", we focus on improving the informatization level of industrial collaboration links. Specifically, we can promote the development of traditional industries from the two aspects of "cost reduction" and "efficiency improvement".

Using blockchain to achieve information sharing, in addition to low cost and high efficiency, can also achieve "trust transfer" or "trust spillover". Based on blockchain technology, since the information on the chain cannot be Tampering, so after both parties to the transaction jointly verify a transaction, the third party can also be trusted by the information. This actually allows this trusted status to be transmitted to the third party, thereby realizing the assetization of the data. In addition, the organization is transformed from a "black box" state to a "white box" state, that is, the organization's operating mechanism is made transparent, making it very easy to prove one's innocence and greatly reducing the cost of mutual trust between multiple subjects.

Furthermore, blockchain will play the role of "improving the collaborative efficiency of the industrial chain." Improving the level of industrial collaboration is an important way to promote China's manufacturing to the mid-to-high end, and is also an important requirement for building a modern economic system. However, in many industries, the efficiency of industrial chain collaboration is still not high, and this problem is particularly prominent in the field of international trade.

There are certain risks in industrial development caused by technology abuse, which cannot be ignored

Although the positive value of blockchain technology is gradually emerging, a series of inevitable problems are still accompanied by the industrial development process. The risk of neglect. On the one hand, there are compliance risks. In the early stages of blockchain development, due to its inherent property of transmitting value, it attracted some people who were not focused on technology applications, but were keen on conducting ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings). Illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes and even fraud.

The industrial policy system is gradually constructed, and the industrial development environment continues to be optimized

Blockchain technology has risen to the level of national science and technology strategy. In December 2016, the "Notice of the State Council on Issuing the National Informatization Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan" mentioned blockchain for the first time, and combined it with quantum communications, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data cognitive analysis, and unmanned systems. Driving transportation and other technologies are regarded as key cutting-edge technologies, and it is clearly stated that the innovation, testing and application of new technologies such as blockchain need to be strengthened to seize the dominance of the new generation of information technology. Secondly, the formulation of relevant industry, national and international standards is also accelerating to solve the key technical standard issues of the blockchain and promote the ecological development of the blockchain industry. In order to seize the development opportunities of the blockchain industry and seize the commanding heights of the development of the blockchain industry, local governments promptly introduced blockchain technology and industry development support policies, ushering in a new explosion in the blockchain industry.

At present, local governments are actively positioning blockchain technology from an industrial perspective and seizing new opportunities for industrial upgrading brought by technological upgrading. For exampleIn March 2018, the Hebei Provincial Government issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating Industrial Transformation and Upgrading to Build a Modern Industrial System", proposing to actively cultivate and develop future industries such as blockchain and create a world-class high-end high-tech industrial cluster.

Actively strengthen industry supervision and effectively prevent financial risks

According to the overall deployment of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, preventing and resolving major risks is one of China’s economic work priorities in the next three years. The key to preventing and resolving major risks is to prevent and control financial risks. Therefore, our country has also actively strengthened industry supervision to prevent possible financial risks during the development of blockchain, maintain the stability and security of the country's finance, and promote the standardized and healthy development of the blockchain industry to better utilize the "value of the Internet" of blockchain. "The positive effect.

Blockchain is a cutting-edge technology, and the new regulatory challenges caused by the technology also require continued progress in regulatory technology. “Reg-Tech” (regulatory technology) in the financial technology segment. It is to use new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain to solve regulatory compliance issues and reduce compliance costs. Blockchain filing platforms and blockchain-based regulatory systems all belong to the Reg-Tech field. Companies engaged in regulatory technology have emerged in China, and they mainly provide regulatory technology solutions to the government and financial regulatory agencies such as major banks. Companies such as Jinqiu Technology and Zhongxiang Bit have specially launched blockchain-based supervision systems.

『二』What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

1. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable. and an unforgeable distributed ledger.

2. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission. and access security, a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

(2) Extended reading of the 2014 Blockchain Year:

1. In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain The concept, in subsequent years, became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin: serving as a public ledger for all transactions.

2. By 2014, "Blockchain 2.0" became a term about a decentralized blockchain database. For this second-generation programmable blockchain, economists believe that its achievement is that “it is a programming language that allows users to write more sophisticated and intelligent protocols. Therefore, when profits reach a certain level, can be obtained from completed shipping orders or shared certificates."Get profits from red".

3. In 2016, the Central Securities Exchange of the Russian Federation (NSD) announced a pilot project based on blockchain technology. Many institutions with regulatory powers in the music industry began Use blockchain technology to establish a test model for royalty collection and worldwide copyright management.

4. Blockchain timestamp service and existence proof, the time when the first blockchain was generated and the events that were happening at that time are permanently preserved.

5. The Bitcoin company BTCC launched a service "Millennium Chain" in 2015, which is a blockchain engraving service. Based on the above principle. Users can use this service to engrave text on the blockchain and save it permanently.

『三』What exactly is blockchain and what is its connection with Bitcoin

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The Laikelib blockchain underlying architecture operation team believes that blockchain technology can be understood as a public accounting mechanism. It is more of a technical solution than a specific product. The basic idea is to establish a set of public ledgers on the Internet, and all users in the network will jointly record and verify accounts on the ledgers to ensure the authenticity and non-tamperability of the information. The reason why it is called "block" Chain, because the structure of blockchain data storage is composed of "storage blocks" on the network to form a chain. Each block contains all the information exchange data in the network within a certain period of time. As time goes by, the chain Constantly growing.
Blockchain and Bitcoin relationship: Bitcoin was once one of the most successful applications of blockchain technology. Specifically, a blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptography to correlate , each data block contains information on the effective confirmation of multiple Bitcoin network transactions. It can be said that Bitcoin is a "killer application" of blockchain thinking. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, but its role is absolutely It’s not just limited to Bitcoin.

『四』How to apply blockchain technology to actual scenarios

Recently, the Central Cyberspace Administration, the Central Propaganda Department, the General Office of the State Council, etc. 18 departments and units jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing Applications for Blockchain Innovation Application Pilots" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"), announcing that they will organize 16 areas in four categories: real economy, social governance, people's livelihood services, and financial technology. Carry out national blockchain innovative application pilot actions.
The "Notice" clarifies that by the end of 2023, a number of typical cases and practice experiences of blockchain innovative applications that can be replicated and promoted will be formed to further leverage the role of blockchain in promoting The role of data sharing, optimizing business processes, reducing operating costs, improving collaboration efficiency, and building a trustworthy system helps to build a network power and digital China.
Blockchain is a product of the digital economy era. Since October 2019 On March 24, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee emphasized during the 18th collective study session that “blockchain should be used as a core technology and an important breakthrough for independent innovation, and we should accelerate the promotion of blockchain technology and industrial innovation.”"Development", my country's blockchain industry has ushered in rapid development in the past two years.
As one of the first domestic companies to maturely apply blockchain technology to various industrial fields, Yibaoquan is also one of the 2018 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Internet (the only blockchain) demonstration project and the 2019 Cyberspace Administration of China (first batch) blockchain registration enterprise, and was selected as a typical enterprise for China’s blockchain technology innovation in 2019 and 2020 and won the 2020 Global Blockchain The second prize for innovative application in the competition, blockchain qualifications and strength are highly recognized.
Since 2014, Yi Baoquan has been deeply involved in the research and development and application innovation of the underlying technology of blockchain, creating the first "blockchain + judicial + Application" model, it has launched many well-known brands such as "Preservation Chain" in the field of electronic data storage, "Gentleman's Sign" in the field of electronic signing, "Zhongzhengbao" in the field of Internet justice, and "Micro Copyright" in the field of intellectual property protection. Brand.
Based on the underlying technology of blockchain, combined with independent invention patents, Yibaoquan jointly established a blockchain alliance with notary offices, judicial appraisal institutes, arbitration committees, courts, copyright protection centers, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other authoritative institutions to create an alliance blockchain "security chain open" Platform", which ensures that electronic data will be synchronously stored on the blockchain to 20+ authoritative organization nodes as soon as it is generated, and the content will be solidified instantly, ensuring that every node on the chain can realize real-time interoperability of data information, and the stored data cannot be tampered with. .

『五』The birth history of blockchain

Many people will be instinctively intimidated when they hear the three words "blockchain" and think it is unfathomable. The content or technology has nothing to do with me.

2018 is the first year of blockchain technology. During the Spring Festival that just passed, it can be seen that blockchain has become really popular. Take, "Blockchain without Sleep at Three O'clock" from the first blockchain community, articles from major media "How to introduce blockchain to seven aunts and eight aunts", and newbies from all walks of life are ready to enter the currency circle and work hard. One game and so on.

We know that the Internet has connected the world over the course of decades. People will not talk about whether the world is flat, because as long as you have a computer and a mobile phone, It is closely connected to the entire world. Elites are accustomed to calling the past Internet era the information Internet era.

With the advent of blockchain technology in 2008, unprepared humans were drawn into Bitcoin The world, in the future, no matter whether you understand what blockchain technology is? Do you understand how digital virtual currency is realized? You are all being dragged into the second era of the Internet: the era of value Internet. And what you don’t know is the block How was chain technology born?

David Chaum, the "bishop" of the cypherpunks in the 1980s and 1990s, invented the cryptographic anonymous cash system Ecash in 1990. Chaum believes that A distributed, truly digital cash system should encrypt people’s privacy.

British cryptographer Adam BayGrams invented Hashcash in 1997, which used the Proof of Work system. The proof-of-work system is one of the core concepts of Bitcoin.

In 1997, Harper and Stonitta proposed a protocol that uses timestamps to ensure the security of digital files. This protocol has also become one of the prototypes of the Bitcoin blockchain protocol. The biggest feature of timestamps is that when a virtual currency is traded, it is timestamped and it cannot be changed.

Cryptozoology expert Dai Wei invented B-money in 1998. B-money emphasizes point-to-point transactions and immutable transaction records, and every trader in the network keeps track of transactions.

In 2004, Hal Finney, a top developer at PGP Crypto Company, launched the electronic currency "Crypto Cash", which used a reusable proof-of-work mechanism (RPOW).

But their single invention and idea are still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency. Ecash declared bankruptcy in 1998; the proof-of-work system cannot guarantee whether digital currencies have been traded many times; the technical protocol of timestamps is only used on a small scale by the government; in the B.money system, David did not solve the problem of ledger synchronization; finally Halfini's idea is still not enough to become a world-class virtual currency.

In 2008, when all technical conditions were mature and time conditions were mature, a god-level figure was still needed to answer a question: why did the previous virtual currency pioneers fail? The name of the person who answered this question is Satoshi Nakamoto.

He believes that the most important reason for the failure of previous virtual currencies is that they all have a centralized structure, and all transaction data will be aggregated into the company's data center, which is no different from government-issued currencies. Once the company that backs the virtual currency goes bankrupt, or the central server of the general ledger is compromised by hackers, the virtual currency will face the risk of collapse. Satoshi Nakamoto optimized David Chaum's Ecash, integrating timestamps, proof-of-work mechanisms, asymmetric encryption technology, and the structure of UTSO, and ultimately he invented Bitcoin.

It can be seen that blockchain is not a single technology, it is a collection of a series of above-mentioned technologies. Bitcoin is just a typical example of the first large-scale application of blockchain technology. In the future, blockchain technology can be applied to many fields such as financial services and social life.

『Lu』 How many meters of Ethereum could an Ethereum mining machine mine in 2014?

If it ran continuously for 24 hours, it could only mine about 0.33 Ethereum coins in a month.
The concept of Ethereum was first proposed by programmer Vitalik Buterin between 2013 and 2014 after being inspired by Bitcoin, to the effect of ""The next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform" began to be developed through ICO crowdfunding in 2014.
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract functions, through its dedicated cryptocurrency Ethereum Provide a decentralized Ethereum virtual machine to process peer-to-peer contracts.

『撒』 Which year is called the first year of the blockchain strategy

2018 is considered the first year of the blockchain Year 1. Blockchain is the core supporting technology of the digital cryptocurrency system represented by Bitcoin. The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization, which can be achieved through the use of data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus, and economic incentives. Means to achieve point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration based on decentralized credit in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other, thereby solving the common problems of centralized institutions

『eight』HBA public chain: building A public chain ecology covering blockchain + full-scenario applications

The development of blockchain technology has gradually been valued by people and even the country. As a kind of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm Such as new application models of computer technology, the essence of blockchain is a decentralized data storage system, which can be updated but cannot be tampered with.

The application of blockchain technology has extended to digital Asset trading, Internet of Things, commodity traceability, digital culture, digital medicine, network security, medicine and health and other fields are driving major changes in social production, lifestyles and production relations.

HBA Public The research and development of the chain started in February 2019. The core team is composed of early overseas blockchain participants, and is jointly maintained by multiple decentralized distributed communities around the world. It innovatively proposed the 3R circular economy model (Rece, Renue, Racycle ), the token uses the POC+POS mechanism to gradually reward everyone who contributes to the ecosystem. It will not generate a large number of tokens at no cost like other public chains, effectively combating industry chaos and ensuring fairness for every ecological participant. .

HBA has realized a truly decentralized blockchain through a large amount of technology accumulation, developed source code, and established a complete blockchain browser. Users can query each block The generation and process of each transaction. It provides a truly fair and open environment in which no one can cheat and everyone can truly become the supervisor of the system.

HBA The ecological application scenarios of the public chain include digital identity, artificial intelligence, supply chain finance, DEFI platform, cross-chain payment, health care, food safety, and education. Currently, the development of public chain, blockchain browser, and decentralized exchange has been completed . The HBA public chain will be launched on the mainnet test in October 2020!

At the same time, there is also a group of self-organized evangelists and professional lecturers in the ecology of the HBA public chain.Serve the HBA member ecosystem and provide one-stop services such as "incubation, training, and market development" for the HBA ecological community.

Australian, holds senior management positions in multiple chambers of commerce. Started working on blockchain in 2013. In 2014, he applied for the first wallet retrieval patent. In 2015, he went to the government department to teach blockchain. , patent ranking fifth in the world. At the same time, he has his own financial management company in Australia and created the chain33 blockchain underlying architecture. He has a lot of technical reserves and applications, holds BCS and TELC qualification certificates, has published 4 works, and has millions of readers and fans.

In the medical field, we currently face two major challenges: First, the medical system is complex, involving pharmaceutical manufacturers, medical service providers, and patients, etc., so it is necessary to connect all parties and accurately transmit information; second, medical supply The chain lacks traceability. Blockchain technology has the potential to solve the above problems and create new medical models because of its traceability, without the need to coordinate parties, and its high accuracy and reliability.

HBA is based on blockchain technology and combines big data, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies, covering the fields of medical care, medicine, medical insurance, pension, medical equipment, biology, insurance, finance, government and society. public chain.

HBA has rich international medical experience in global new medical health. It can meet the health needs of various users with precise and efficient treatment methods and provide a variety of health-related linkage services. This is because they are very Understand the deficiencies in the current healthcare model. Integrate resources and create a new medical system to solve the problem of difficulty and high cost of medical treatment for the people. We will use 5G technology to efficiently prevent doctor resources from being wasted. With the characteristics of "fast, convenient and accurate" intelligent technology, it provides people with "one-stop" medical and health service solutions.

IPFS, the Chinese name of the Interstellar File System, is a point-to-point distributed file system. It is a hypermedia transmission protocol based on content addressing, versioning, and point-to-point. Its purpose is to supplement or even replace the The traditional centralized storage HTTP protocol has been used for more than 20 years.

The advantages of IPFS are: efficiency, security, privacy, permanent storage, low cost, faster access, etc.

HBA’s block data is stored using the IPFS decentralized storage structure. All blocks have pointer references to the previous block to ensure that the data is not tampered with. The sha256 function is used to hash the data, the ecc asymmetric encryption algorithm is used for identity authentication, the aes encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the private key, and the Merkle number is used to verify and store transactions.

HBA public chain combines the advantages of blockchain for distributed storage, aiming to improve data security, privacy and user control over their data.Control, and users who participate in providing storage space can receive token rewards.

1) Current status: Under development

2) February 2019: Code open source research and development

3) October 2020: Mainnet Tested online

As an emerging technology, blockchain covers decentralization, trustlessness, sharing economy, distributed computing, distributed storage and other aspects, and will comprehensively innovate existing social system.

HBA public chain has always insisted on advancing with the times, constantly learning new design concepts and development technologies, using the latest design concepts to serve customers and achieve a good user experience. The Internet of Things industry is booming, and only innovative technologies and models can last forever. We firmly believe that innovation is the eternal driving force for human progress. Technology has a starting point, but innovation has no end! Innovation, pragmatism and efficiency will be our eternal pursuit!

Eighteen

『九』 What is the future development prospect of blockchain technology?

Blockchain is a technology, "the simplest and most In layman’s terms, blockchain technology means everyone keeps accounts, or distributed ledgers.”
In the Internet era, there is a database behind every system. This database can be regarded as a large ledger. In the past, it was The person who maintains the system is responsible for managing the database and recording user behavior, that is, accounting. The blockchain is "decentralized" and allows every member of the system to participate. Not only does everyone keep accounts, but also through links, Everyone can have a complete ledger.
"Blockchain is essentially a collective recording method. What is special is that it uses a unique set of technologies to achieve the authenticity and credibility of the recording results, which is difficult to destroy and cannot be tampered with." Zhang Xiaorong said, " First, everyone has the right to record and authenticate each other to distinguish authenticity. This is called a consensus mechanism; second, no one can tamper with records because there is a cryptographic signature; third, everyone has a copy, so even if there is a ledger If it is damaged, the whole will not be affected. This is called distributed storage. The information recorded in this way is presented in blocks according to the time chain, so it is called blockchain."
Each currency represented by Bitcoin This encrypted digital currency is originally an application of blockchain technology, which can be said to be version 1.0 of blockchain. But around 2014, the industry began to realize the important value of blockchain technology. Blockchain was gradually separated from digital currency and applied to various economic and social fields other than digital currency.
Broad application prospects
Blockchain technology is considered to be a disruptive innovation after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet. If steam engines and electricity have liberated productivity, and the Internet has changed the way information is transmitted, then blockchain, as a machine that builds trust, will likely change the way value is transmitted.
For example, in the financial field, financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions,The cost of reconciliation, clearing, and settlement has always been high, and there are complicated manual processes. Blockchain technology has data that cannot be tampered with and is traceable. Its application can help reduce the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions. It can significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment services and make small-amount cross-border payments possible. In December 2017, China Merchants Bank completed the transfer of RMB positions from Hong Kong Wing Lung Bank to Wing Lung Bank Shenzhen Branch. This is the world’s first inter-bank cross-border RMB clearing business based on blockchain technology.
In addition, according to the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper 2016" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, the application of blockchain has extended to many fields such as medical health, education, charity, and social management. . Taking the cultural industry as an example, intellectual property protection has always been a pain point in the industry due to low copying costs, high rights protection costs, and difficulty in providing evidence. With the blockchain, the records of the production, dissemination, and transactions of cultural products are authentic, transparent, credible, and verifiable, and the problem can be easily solved.
Cheung Hsiao-rong said that blockchain technology solves two major problems in the digital economy era: first, the flow direction is visible, and second, there is zero trust cost. In the past, the circulation of physical banknotes was invisible, but the flow of all digital assets has a "chain" that can be checked. Yang Yanchao, a researcher at the Intellectual Property Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that the biggest advantage of blockchain is that it truly completes the construction of credit in an anonymous society and brings new opportunities to many fields, thus making various innovative applications possible.
There is a long way to go for future development
In terms of technology promotion, there are not too many barriers to blockchain. This has been proven in the global practice of Bitcoin. The main resistance still comes from conceptual and implementation obstacles.
"On the one hand, society may be very concerned about the 'naked' state in the blockchain. The blockchain builds a 'Skynet' for the business society, and all the company's economic activities are recorded, so there is no There is no secret at all, and such business strategies may not be implemented under the blockchain."
"On the other hand, the current legal system lags behind the development of information technology. How can the emerging blockchain technology be placed under the law? It needs to be studied under supervision." Duan Yongchao said.
The core of blockchain is decentralization, which will have an impact on the central management model that has been formed in society for a long time. In addition to laws, how to establish a regulatory environment that can promote the application of blockchain technology so that the technology can benefit society and not be used for evil is also an urgent problem to be solved.

『Shi』What stages has the blockchain developed in?

The blockchain has developed in five stages
1. Germination stage: The real germination stage of the blockchain is in From 2007 to 2009, a Japanese-American with the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto first expounded a new fantasy report on electronic currency on a cryptography discussion group in 2008 under a different name. Since then, Bitcoin has been born. As early as 2007, Satoshi Nakamoto began to explore a series of new technologies with the intention of creating a new currency, October 31, 2008The Bitcoin white paper was released on January 3, 2009, and the Bitcoin system officially began operation on January 3, 2009.
The main technologies supporting the Bitcoin system include hash functions, distributed ledgers, blockchain, and asymmetric encryption; it can be seen that these technologies build the initial version of the blockchain, which can also be said to be a blockchain It is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. In the three years from 2007 to 2009, Bitcoin was in the experimental stage with the participation of a very small number of people, and real commercial activities had not really begun.
2. "Geek" niche stage: The "Geek" here refers to people who are enthusiastic about Internet technology and who regard technological innovation as their fashion and life. The first Bitcoin exchange appeared on February 6, 2010. On May 22 of the same year, someone bought 2 burgers with 10,000 Bitcoins. On July 17 of the same year, the exchange Mt. Gox was established. This marks As Bitcoin officially flows into the market. Despite this, the only people who can truly understand and enter the market to participate in Bitcoin buying and selling are geeks who are passionate about Internet technology. They discuss Bitcoin technology on forums, mine Bitcoins on their computers, and then buy and sell Bitcoins on Mt. Gox. Today, these geeks have become billionaires.
3. Market brewing stage: At the beginning of 2013, the price of Bitcoin was US$13. However, on March 18 of the same year, the Cyprus government closed banks and the stock market due to the financial crisis, causing the price of Bitcoin to soar. In April, the highest price rose to US$266. . On August 20 of the same year, the German government confirmed the currency status of Bitcoin. On October 14, the Chinese Internet announced the opening of a Bitcoin payment channel. In November, the U.S. Senate hearing also clarified the legality of Bitcoin. On November 19, the price of Bitcoin It rose to $1,242, forming a new high. Despite this, the foundation for blockchain to enter the mainstream social economy is not yet available, and the surge in Bitcoin prices is only due to overly optimistic expectations. The containment of China's banking system, the collapse of Mt.Gox and other events caused the price of Bitcoin to continue to fall. In early 2015, the price of Bitcoin had fallen below 200 US dollars. From 2013 to early 2015, the public began to understand Bitcoin and blockchain.
4. Blockchain mainstream period: Britain left the EU on June 23, 2016, North Korea’s fifth nuclear test in September, Trump’s election in November and other events. The uncertainty of the world’s mainstream economy has led to risk aversion. Functional Bitcoin began to recover. The market demand was large and the increase in transaction volume caused the price of Bitcoin to soar from a maximum of 400 US dollars in 2016 to 20,000 US dollars in 2017. The wealth-making effect of Bitcoin and the transaction overflow caused by the congestion of the Bitcoin network It has led to the explosion of other series of virtual currencies, and various blockchain applications have also exploded. There have been many blockchain assets that are a hundred times, even a thousand times, or ten thousand times, triggering a crazy pursuit around the world, and then Chicago The launch of Bitcoin futures trading on the commodity exchange marks Bitcoin’s official entry into the mainstream investment product series, and Bitcoin and blockchain have completely entered the global spotlight.
5. Industrial implementation stage: After the market frenzy in 2017, virtual currency and blockchain made adjustments in terms of market, supervision, and cognition in 2018, returning to rationality. Many blockchain projects that imitate blockchain technology in 2017 will gradually die out as the market cools down, and projects with real practical blockchain applications will initially be implemented. 2018 is not only the first year of blockchain, but also a blockchain gold rush period. After the big waves wash away the sand, what remains is relatively good gold.
From the perspective of the history of blockchain development, blockchain technology is not yet mature and is currently in the growth stage. Specific practical applications of blockchain are only used in the financial field. To apply blockchain to other industries, there is still need for There is a journey to go, but the blockchain trend should be grasped. There are advantages and disadvantages in actively learning the new field of blockchain.