阿里 区块链,阿里区块链怎么赚钱
阿里巴巴是全球最大的电子商务公司，旗下拥有多个关键技术，包括云计算、人工智能、物联网、区块链等，其中区块链技术的应用越来越广泛，以及如何利用区块链技术赚钱，也是许多人关注的焦点。
区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它可以把数据存储在网络中的节点上，通过加密技术实现安全性，并且能够记录和跟踪数据的每一个变化，比如货币交易、数据存储、智能合约等。它的优势在于，它不受中心化机构的控制，也不受任何人的操纵，可以让用户之间可以安全、快速、低成本地进行交易。
智能合约是基于区块链技术的一种自动执行程序，它可以根据约定的条件自动完成交易，解决了传统合约执行的困难，可以确保双方在交易中的权益得到有效保护。智能合约可以被用于各种不同的应用场景，如财务、金融、物联网、保险等，它可以帮助企业节省成本，提高效率，改善客户体验。
跨链技术是一种分布式的解决方案，它可以让不同的区块链网络之间进行交互，比如跨链交易、跨链数据共享等，它可以帮助不同的区块链网络之间实现资源共享，让每个网络都能够从中受益，有效提升整个区块链行业的发展。跨链技术的应用范围很广，比如可以用于金融支付、供应链金融、智能合约、去中心化应用等。
总之，阿里巴巴区块链技术的应用越来越广泛，区块链技术、智能合约、跨链技术都是可以利用来赚钱的技术，它们可以用于各种不同的应用场景，帮助企业提高效率，改善客户体验，同时也能够为企业带来更多的利润。
请查看相关英文文档
Ⅰ What is the TPS of the blockchain?
The full English name of TPS is Transaction PerSecond. It is used in digital currency. TPS refers to the system throughput, which is also the system processing per second. quantity. If the TPS concurrency per second is too low, it will easily cause serious network congestion, making the blockchain unable to be implemented in high-value, high-concurrency business fields. For example, because TPS concurrency per second is too low, both Bitcoin and Ethereum have problems with high transaction fees, long confirmation times, and poor scalability. As a result, the Bitcoin community has been divided, and hard forks have become the norm.
Currently, many coins are making a fuss about TPS, hoping to avoid the disadvantages of Bitcoin. For example, for ULAM, USDT, USC, and several currencies, their throughputs are minimum 10,000 TPS confirmation, 7 TPS confirmation, and 100 TPS confirmation respectively. We can compare their TPS levels to identify their speeds.
As we all know, Bitcoin can only conduct about 7 transactions per second
Ethereum is slightly better, only 10-20 transactions.
As a payment system, this is far from enough. Some people often use this as an argument and think that the efficiency of blockchain is low.
Recently I discovered a very good public chain with high TPS: ULAM public chain.
ULAM is the fifth blockchain project with major innovations in consensus algorithms after POW, POS, DPOS, and PBFT consensus algorithms.
The ULAM consensus algorithm uses the characteristics of the hash function to create an ultra-low energy consumption, completely decentralized, and highly stable blockchain system; it is currently the only one that has successfully broken the "Impossible Triangle" of the blockchain. "New consensus algorithm. ULAM does not require hash calculation competition and can allow low-power mobile phones, smart watches, routers, etc. to participate in "mining". The new non-interactive transaction verification algorithm (NITCV) designed by ULAM can enable TPS to reach a minimum of 10,000. ULAM uses the knowledge proof method to construct a non-interactive transaction verification algorithm. ULAM has super fragmented nodes; completely decentralized; resistant to computing power concentration; 49% fault tolerance; resistant to quantum attacks;
Ⅱ 108 essential knowledge points for getting started with blockchain
108 essential knowledge points for getting started with blockchain
(Welcome to communicate with fans)
1. What is blockchain
< p> Pack the information of multiple transactions and the information indicating the block together. The verified package is the block.Each block stores the hash value of the previous block, creating a relationship between blocks, that is,It's a chain. Together they are called blockchain.
2. What is Bitcoin
The concept of Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, with a total number of 21 million. The Bitcoin chain generates a block approximately every 10 minutes, and this block is mined by miners for 10 minutes. As a reward to miners, a certain number of Bitcoins will be issued to miners, but this certain number is halved every four years. Now it's 12.5. If this continues, all Bitcoins will be available in 2040.
3. What is Ethereum
The biggest difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is the smart contract. This allows developers to develop and run various applications on it.
4. Distributed ledger
It is a database that is shared, replicated and synchronized among network members. To put it bluntly, all users on the blockchain have accounting functions and the content is consistent, which ensures that the data cannot be tampered with.
5. What is quasi-anonymity?
I believe everyone has a wallet, and the wallet address (a string of characters) used to send transactions is quasi-anonymity.
6. What is open transparency/traceability
The blockchain stores all data from history to the present, anyone can view it, and can also view any data in history.
7. What is tamper-proof
Historical data and current transaction data cannot be tampered with. The data is stored in the block on the chain and has a hash value. If the block information is modified, its hash value will also change, and the hash values of all blocks following it must also be modified to form a new chain. At the same time, the main chain is still conducting transactions to generate blocks. The modified chain must always generate blocks synchronously with the main chain to ensure that the length of the chain is the same. The cost is too high, just to modify a piece of data.
8. What is anti-DDoS attack
DDoS: Hackers control many people’s computers or mobile phones and allow them to access a website at the same time. Since the bandwidth of the server is limited, a large amount of traffic The influx of data may cause the website to fail to function properly, resulting in losses. However, the blockchain is distributed and there is no central server. If one node fails, other nodes will not be affected. Theoretically, if more than 51% of the nodes are attacked, problems will occur.
9. Definition of main chain
Taking Bitcoin as an example, at a certain point in time, a block is mined by two miners at the same time, and then 6 blocks are generated first. The chain of blocks is the main chain
10. Single chain/multi-chain
Single chain refers to the number of processes on one chain that handles all things.data structure. The core essence of the multi-chain structure is composed of public chain + N sub-chains. There is only one, but in theory there can be countless sub-chains, and each sub-chain can run one or more DAPP systems
11. Public chain/alliance chain/private chain
Public Chain: Everyone can participate in the blockchain
Alliance chain: Only alliance members are allowed to participate in accounting and query
Private chain: Writing and viewing permissions are only controlled by one person In the hands of the organization.
12. Consensus layer, data layer, etc.
There are six overall structures of the blockchain: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Data layer: a layer that records data, belonging to the underlying technology; network layer: a structure for building a blockchain network, which determines how users are organized. Consensus layer: Provides a set of rules to allow everyone to reach agreement on the information received and stored. Incentive layer: Design incentive policies to encourage users to participate in the blockchain ecosystem; Contract layer: Generally referred to as "smart contracts", it is a set of contract systems that can be automatically executed and written according to their own needs. Application layer: Applications on the blockchain, similar to mobile apps. Former Distributed Storage R&D Center
13. Timestamp
The timestamp refers to January 1, 1970 Day 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds 0... The total number of seconds from the current time to now, or the total number of nanoseconds and other very large numbers. Each block is generated with a timestamp indicating when the block was generated.
14. Block/block header/block body
Block is the basic unit of blockchain, and block header and block body are components of blockchain. The information contained in the block header includes the hash of the previous block, the hash of this block, timestamp, etc. The block body is the detailed data in the block.
15. Merkle tree
Merkle tree, also called binary tree, is a data structure for storing data. The bottom layer is the original data contained in all blocks, and the upper layer is each The hash value of a block, the hash value of this layer is combined in pairs to generate a new hash value, forming a new layer, and then upwards layer by layer, until a hash value is generated. Such a structure can be used to quickly compare large amounts of data, and you can quickly find the bottom-level historical data you want without downloading all the data.
16. What is expansion?
The size of a Bitcoin block is about 1M and can save 4,000 transaction records. Expansion means making the block larger so that more data can be stored.
17. What is a chain?
Each block will save the hash of the previous block, so thatThere is a relationship between blocks, and this relationship is a chain. Data such as block transaction records and status changes are stored through this chain.
18. Block height
This is not the height mentioned in terms of distance. It refers to the total number of blocks between the block and the first block on the chain. This height indicates which block it is, and is just for identification purposes.
19. Fork
Two blocks were generated at the same time (the transaction information in the block is the same, but the hash value of the block is different), and then in Two chains are forked from these two blocks. Whoever generates 6 blocks from these two links first will be the main chain, and the other chain will be discarded.
20. Ghost Protocol
Mining pools with high computing power can easily generate blocks faster than mining machines with low computing power, resulting in most of the blocks on the blockchain being generated by these mining pools with high computing power. However, the blocks generated by mining machines with low computing power are not stored on the chain because they are slow, and these blocks will be invalid.
The ghost protocol allows blocks that should be invalidated to remain on the chain for a short time, and can also be used as part of the proof of work
. In this way, miners with small computing power will contribute more to the main chain, and large mining pools will not be able to monopolize the confirmation of new blocks.
21. Orphan block
As mentioned before, orphan blocks are blocks generated at the same time. One of them forms a chain, and the other does not form a chain. Then this block that does not form a chain is called an orphan block.
22. Uncle block
The orphan block mentioned above, through the ghost protocol, makes it part of the proof of work, then it will not be discarded and will be saved in the main chain superior. This block is the next
23 replay attack
The hacker resends the message that has been sent to the server. Sometimes this can deceive the server into responding multiple times.
24. Directed acyclic graph
Also called data set DAG (directed acyclic graph), DAG is an ideal multi-chain data structure. Most of the blockchains mentioned now are single chains, that is, one block is connected to another block, and DAG is multiple blocks connected. The advantage is that several blocks can be generated at the same time, so the network can process a large number of transactions at the same time, and the throughput will definitely increase. However, there are many shortcomings and it is currently in the research stage.
25. What is mining
The mining process is to perform a series of conversions, connections and hash operations on the above six fields, and continue to try them one by one. Looking for random numbers and finally succeedingFind a random number that meets the conditions: the value after hashing is smaller than the hash value of the preset difficulty value. Then, the mining is successful. The node can broadcast the block to neighboring nodes, and the neighboring nodes receive the block. The block performs the same operation on the above six fields, verifies compliance, and then broadcasts it to other nodes. Other nodes also use the same algorithm to verify. If 51% of the nodes in the entire network are successfully verified, this block Even if "mining" is truly successful, each node will add this block to the end of the previous block, delete the list in the block that is the same as its own record, and repeat the above process again. Another thing to mention is that regardless of whether the mining is successful or not, each node will pre-record the reward of 50 Bitcoins and the handling fees of all transactions (total input-total output) in the first item of the transaction list (this is " The most fundamental purpose of "mining" is also the fundamental reason to ensure the long-term stable operation of the blockchain), the output address is the address of this node, but if the mining is unsuccessful, the transaction will be invalidated without any reward. Moreover, this transaction called "production transaction" does not participate in the "mining" calculation.
26. Mining machines/mining farms
Mining machines are computers with various configurations, and computing power is the biggest difference between them. A place where mining machines are concentrated in one place is a mining farm
27. Mining pool
Miners join together to form a team, and the computer group under this team is a mining pool. Mining rewards are distributed based on your own computing power contribution.
28. Mining difficulty and computing power
Mining difficulty is to ensure that the interval between generating blocks is stable within a certain short time, such as Bitcoin’s 10 minutes.
p>Block 1. Computing power is the configuration of the mining machine.
29. Verification
When verification in the blockchain is a confirmation of the legality of the transaction, each node will verify the transaction once when the transaction message is propagated between nodes. Whether the transaction is legal. For example, verify whether the syntax of the transaction is correct, whether the transaction amount is greater than 0, whether the entered transaction amount is reasonable, etc. After passing the verification, it will be packaged and handed over to the miners for mining.
30. Transaction broadcast
The node sends information to other nodes through the network.
31. Mining fees
For the blockchain to work non-stop like a perpetual motion machine, miners need to maintain the system. Therefore, the miners must be given favorable fees to make it sustainable.
32. Transaction confirmation
When a transaction occurs, the block recording the transaction will be confirmed for the first time, and will be confirmed in every area on the chain after the block. Block is reconfirmed: When the number of confirmations reaches 6 or more, the transaction is generally considered safe and difficult to tamper with.
33. Double transaction
That is, I have 10 yuan, I use the 10 yuan to buy a pack of cigarettes, and then in an instant I use the 10 yuan that has not yet been paid to buy a cup of coffee. So when verifying the transaction, you need to confirm whether the 10 yuan has been spent.
34. UTXO unspent transaction output
It is a data structure containing transaction data and execution code, which can be understood as digital currency that exists but has not yet been consumed.
35. Transactions per second TPS
That is throughput, tps refers to the number of transactions the system can process per second.
36. Wallet
Similar to Alipay, it is used to store digital currencies, and blockchain technology is more secure.
37. Cold wallet/hot wallet
A cold wallet is an offline wallet. The principle is to store it locally and use QR code communication to prevent the private key from touching the Internet. A hot wallet is an online wallet. The principle is to encrypt the private key and store it on the server. When it is needed, it is downloaded from the server and decrypted on the browser side.
38. Software Wallet/Hardware Wallet
A software wallet is a computer program. Generally speaking, a software wallet is a program that interacts with the blockchain and allows users to receive, store, and send digital currencies and can store multiple keys. Hardware wallets are smart devices that specialize in handling digital currencies.
39. Airdrop
The project sends digital currency to each user’s wallet address.
40. Mapping
Mapping is related to the issuance of blockchain currency and is a mapping between chains. For example, there are some blockchain companies that have not completed the development of the chain in the early stage. They rely on Ethereum to issue their own currency. The issuance and transactions of the early currency are all operated on Ethereum. With the development of the company, the company's own chain development has been completed. The company wants to map all the previous information on Ethereum to its own chain. This process is mapping.
41. Position
Refers to the ratio of the investor’s actual investment to the actual investment funds
42. Full position
Buy with all funds Enter Bitcoin
43. Reduce the position
Sell some of the Bitcoins, but not all of them
44. Heavy positions
Compared with Bitcoin, Bitcoin accounts for a larger share of funds
45. Light warehouse
Compared with Bitcoin, the share of funds is larger
46.Short position
Sell all the Bitcoins you hold and turn them into funds
47. Take profit
After obtaining a certain amount of profit, sell the Bitcoins you hold Sell out to keep profits
48. Stop loss
After the loss reaches a certain level, sell the Bitcoins you hold to prevent further losses
49. Bull market< /p>
Prices continue to rise, and the outlook is optimistic
50. Bear market
Prices continue to fall, and the outlook is bleak
51. Bull (long) < /p>
The buyer believes that the currency price will rise in the future, buys the currency, and after the currency price rises, sells it at a high price to take profit
52. Short position (short selling)
The seller believes that the currency price will fall in the future, and sells the currency he holds (or borrows currency from the trading platform). After the currency price drops, he buys at a low price to take profits
53. Open a position
Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies
54. Cover position
Buy Bitcoin and other virtual currencies in batches, for example: buy 1 BTC first, and then Buy 1 BTC
55. Full position
Buy all the funds at one time into a certain virtual currency
56. Rebound
When the currency price falls, the price rebounds and adjusts due to the rapid decline
57. Consolidation (sideways)
The price fluctuation is small and the currency price is stable
58. Yin fall
The currency price fell slowly
59. Diving (waterfall)
The currency price fell rapidly and to a large extent
60. Cutting meat
After buying Bitcoin, the price of the currency fell. To avoid expanding losses, sell Bitcoin at a loss. Or after borrowing the currency to go short, the currency price rises, and you buy Bitcoin at a loss
61. Hold on
Expect the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expect the currency price fell, but unexpectedly, after selling, the currency price rose
62. Unwinding
After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but then the currency price rebounded and the loss was reversed To make a profit
63. Go short
After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, the price of the currency continued to rise, and I was unable to buy it in time, so I failed to make a profit
64. Overbought
The currency price continues to rise to a certain height, the buyer's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to fall
65. Oversold
The currency price continues When it falls to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rebound
66. Lure bulls
The currency price has been consolidating for a long time, and the possibility of a decline is high, and most short sellers have already sold When selling Bitcoin, the short side suddenly pulled up the price of the currency, inducing the long parties to think that the price of the currency would rise and buy one after another. As a result, the short side suppressed the price of the currency and locked up the long parties.
67. Lure the shorts
p>After buying Bitcoin, bulls deliberately suppress the price of the currency, making short sellers think that the price of the currency will fall, and sell them one after another. As a result, they fall into the trap of bulls
68. What is NFT
The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", which is non-fungible tokens. Simply put, it is an indivisible copyright certificate on the blockchain. Mainly The difference between the function of digital asset confirmation and transfer and digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.
69. What is the Metaverse
The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.
70. What is DeFi
DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications based on open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system
71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?
72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.
Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not Even if a central organization is neededEnsure that no one can tamper with the ledger.
73. What is a mining machine?
Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional equipment that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan, and only performs A single calculation program consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.
74. What is quantitative trading?
Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.
75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading
Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.
76. What is a timestamp?
The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.
77. What is a blockchain fork?
Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.
78. Soft fork and hard fork
Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the oldNodes refuse to accept blocks created by new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".
79. Classification and application of blockchain projects
Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.
80. USDT against the US dollar
USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).
81. Altcoins and alternative coins
Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.
82. Three major exchanges
Binance
Okex
Huobi
83. Market software
Mytoken
Non-small account
84. Information website
Babbitt
Golden Finance
Coin World News
85. Blockchain Browser
BTC
ETH
BCH
< p> LTCETC
86. Wallet
Imtoken
Bitpie
MetaMask (Little Fox)
87. Decentralized Exchange
uniswap
88. NFT Exchange
Opensea
Super Rare
89. Ladder
Bring your own, buy a reliable ladder
90. Platform currency
A digital currency issued by the platform, used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.
91. Bull market, bear market
Bull market: rising market
Bear market: falling market
92. Blockchain 1.0
Based on distributed The currency transaction system of the ledger, represented by Bitcoin
93. Blockchain 2.0
The contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) is 2.0
94. Blockchain 3.0
In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field to provide decentralized solutions for various industries
95. Smart Contract
Smart Contract is a computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. Simply put, an electronic contract is set in advance and once confirmed by both parties, the contract is automatically executed.
96. What is a token?
The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.
97. The difference between big data and blockchain
Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain It is a new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (The production relationship is simply understood as laborThe core of the dynamic exchange and consumption relationship lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)
98. What is ICO?
ICO, Initial Coin Offering, is the initial public offering of tokens, which is crowdfunding in the blockchain digital currency industry. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.
99. Five characteristics of digital currency
The first characteristic: decentralization
The second characteristic: having open source code
The third feature: independent electronic wallet
The fourth feature: constant issuance
The fifth feature: global circulation
100. What is decentralization?
It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.
101. What is measurement (scarcity)?
Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Although the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining and the fewer coins that are mined, so it is scarce.
102. What is open source code?
The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.
103. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?
Everyone can register and download the wallet online without real-name authentication. It is completely composed of encrypted digital codes. It can be sent and traded globally in real-time point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. It cannot be traced by anyone without my authorization. ,Inquire.
104. What is a contract transaction?
Contract trading refers to an agreement between buyers and sellers to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.
105. Digital currency industry chain
Chip manufacturers Mining machine manufacturers Mining machine agents Mining Mining to exchanges Retail speculationCoin
106. Who is Bei Feng?
Beifeng: Digital currency value investor
Investment style: Steady
Build a community: Beidou Community (high-quality price investment community)
< p>107. Beidou Investment Strategy
Combining long-term and short-term, focusing on price investment, no touching contracts, no short-term play
Reasonable layout, Scientific operation, prudent and conservative, earn periodic money
108. Beifeng?
Welcome currency friends and seek common development
Ⅲ The co-founder of Ethereum said, "Aggregation will push ETH 2.0 to reach 100k TPS
TPS metric is considered is the standard for scalability of any blockchain.
High TPS means a proven network that is able to scale and process user transactions quickly. This part helps position the blockchain as a centralized provider A stable alternative for merchants.
Currently, Bitcoin offers 4 TPS, while Ethereum has increased this to 15 TPS. Smaller cryptocurrencies such as NEO and Cardano say they are building frameworks to reach 1,000 TPS.
Now, with the arrival of ETH 2.0, the protocol may gradually see over 100,000 TPS, with plans to eventually scale to over a million as “sharding” is deployed.
If this happens, the popular argument that public blockchains are slower than VISA will be overturned.
Six-digit TPS is coming to Ethereum
Ethereum is now 26 Year-old co-founder Vitalik Buterin tweeted earlier this week:
ETH 2.0’s scaling of data will precede general computing, explaining 2-3k of ETH 1.0 as a data layer TPS, then reach 100k TPS with ETH 2.0 (Phase 1).
— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) June 30, 2020
Buterin noted in an online comment that “ Rollups can scale to tens of thousands," adding that shards don't need to "talk to each other synchronously, enabling synchronous rollups combined with the scalability of shards. ”
On a related Reddit post, Buterin gave the mathematical formula:
“64shards * 256 kB/12s slot time per block per shard = 1.33 MB/sec. Summary: ~10-12 bytes per tx if packed properly. 1.33m / (10…12) > 100k. ”
He added that the calculation is predicated on aggregation “being ready, Phase 1 sharding being ready, and people actually using the technology.” ”
* Ethereum’s TPS as of June 30th
What is a “rollup”?
For starters, a rollup is A layer 2 framework that helps scale the network to multiples of its current level. Aggregation, in its most basic form, stores transaction data on the Ethereum blockchain in a compressed form, while the heavy computation happens off-chain.
One example is Optimistic Rollup, originally proposed by Buterin in 2018. Some teams are also building application-specific zk-Rollups and iterating on the same architectural design to suit their needs .
IV What Alibaba did on the blockchain
Jack Ma: I want to know what Bitcoin can bring to society
At the two sessions, Jack Ma... …Oh, I’m sorry, Comrade Jack Ma, who doesn’t want to wear a red hat, did not attend the two sessions.
Then, let’s review what Jack Ma said when he evaluated Bitcoin:
In November 2017, Alibaba, Ant Financial and Xiongan signed a strategic cooperation agreement to build the "Digital Xiongan Blockchain Implementation Platform." Currently, Ant Financial has provided regional services in the rental field in Xiongan. Blockchain application technology. It can be said that Xiongan has become Alibaba’s first experimental field for the overall implementation of blockchain technology.
IV Everyone knows that technological innovation is crucial to blockchain companies , so which companies have made major breakthroughs in technology this year
Blockchain unicorn Qulian Technology insists on taking technological innovation as its core, and has achieved three new major breakthroughs in technology this year:< br />1. The account on the chain exceeds 1 billion+: Supporting the transaction linkage between any accounts when the account level on the chain is 1 billion+, the system can maintain good stability and throughput .
2. The single-chain performance breaks through 10w+TPS: The single-chain performance of the underlying infrastructure breaks through 10w+TPS, which can meet the high concurrency performance requirements of various daily business fields, such as smart cities, digital finance and other fields.
3. Node scale exceeds 1,000+: Supports 1,000+ consensus node networking, and can expand hundreds of thousands of multi-type blind segment network node hierarchical architecture networking, in order to achieve large-scale city-level alliance chain infrastructure and large-scale objects Networked consensus networks provide more possibilities.
VI How far is Ant Chain from replacing electronic contracts
As an Alibaba company that was named by Jack Ma himself but has not even completed the name change on the Internet, Ant Chain does seem a bit too low-key.
In that era when everyone must be called Bitcoin and everyone wants to do ICO, Ant Chain seems a bit out of place.
1｜Ant Chain has accumulated more than 50 application scenarios
In 2015, Alibaba established a blockchain interest group internally and used its spare time to build a public welfare blockchain , Ant Blockchain was born.
Even in the hottest era of ICO in 2017, Ant Chain did not pay attention to the noise from the outside world. It has been silently exploring the application of blockchain, and has successively launched authentic traceability, cross-border remittances, etc. Products and services accumulate technical foundation.
Ant Chain is moving forward in the unaccompanied darkness and making its own way, very much like Alibaba Cloud in 2009.
Data source public data compiled by China Software Network
In 5 years, Ant Chain has accumulated more than 3,000 patents, and officially announced that it has more than 50 application scenarios, with an average daily increase of Chained 100 million times, it has become the largest blockchain application company in the world. Let those ethereal on-chain fantasies of 2017 shine into reality.
According to the research of China Software Network, Ant Chain is currently at least in supply chain finance, joint risk control, asset management, financial leasing, blockchain contracts, traceability services, electronic licenses, bill circulation, invoice circulation, and Information data service platform, remote bidding, blockchain copyright, digital logistics, digital warehouse receipts, joint marketing, points marketing, Jifenbao, digital commodity collaboration network, professional qualification certification services, donation traceability, time bank, pension charity It has relatively large-scale applications in 24 scenarios including prescription circulation, health services, etc. With the help of the "open alliance chain" established this year and the scale effect of the entire Alibaba family of enterprises, Ant Chain has reduced the cost of on-chain for small and medium-sized enterprises from millions to thousands.
Data source: public data compiled by China Software Network
Whose face will be hurt the most by such a large, comprehensive, broad and widespread slap?
2｜Ant Chain aims at electronic contracts
What applications will Ant Chain replace? The first unlucky one must be the electronic contract.
Since the promulgation of the Electronic Signature Law of the People's Republic of China in 2005, national departments and agencies such as the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the National Immigration Bureau have successively formulated many laws, regulations, and Standards have greatly promoted the development of the electronic contract industry. At the same time, electronic contract manufacturers such as e-sign, Fada, Shangshangshou, Trust, and Contract Lock were spawned.
Data source: public data compiled by China Software Network
According to public data statistics, the electronic contract market has increased year by year.increase. As of the end of 2019, the cumulative number of electronic contracts signed by eSignature has reached 10.5 billion times, with the average daily signing volume exceeding 20 million times. However, its main application scenarios are still concentrated in purchase and sale contracts of consumer terminals, transaction contracts with external enterprises, labor and social security document contracts related to human resources, as well as internal approval and certification documents within the enterprise.
Data source public data compiled by China Software Network
The country promotes relevant norms and standards, and also promotes the four major elements of legal compliance: true will, true identity, The original text and signature have not been changed.
The traceable, tamper-proof, and partially decentralized solutions provided by blockchain's distributed ledger technology are naturally adaptable.
Data source public data compiled by China Software Network
In the environment of commercial transactions, there are often a large number of multi-node and complex process businesses, which often show linear relationships. Before these nodes Insufficient trust, repeated information confirmation and communication will cause a lot of efficiency losses. Distributed ledger technology is currently the best technical solution in this regard.
As soon as electronic contracts were born, they encountered blockchain. These two things, which were born almost at the same time, suddenly found a natural fit in 2020.
3｜Will Ant Chain completely replace electronic contracts?
The development path of Ant Chain is similar to that of Alibaba Cloud. Both were born and developed out of internal needs, and then transitioned to meet external needs to become a star business.
Starting from tracing Ant Charity’s project donations, it can range from managing Tmall’s cross-border products to providing supply chain financial services to internal companies, to protecting Taobao’s image copyrights and paying for Taobao products. Social security, electricity bills, and water bills have all completely found corresponding external demands.
It has begun to be applied in scenarios such as cold chain food management, tracing external payments, government finance, public welfare fund management, shipping port logistics and warehousing management, chip financing leasing, blockchain prescriptions, blockchain invoices, etc. .
Finally, we have achieved a little explosion in blockchain charity and a lot of flowering.
If Alibaba Cloud has solved the efficiency problem of cloud computing, then Ant Chain can be said to have solved the value problem of cloud computing. Ant Chain has opened up the physical world and the cloud world, and realized the digitization of assets and data. Breaking the ice on the boundaries of capitalization.
But in the final analysis, the cost cannot be avoided. Due to the complexity of blockchain technology, developing a blockchain application is a luxury for many companies. Developing a blockchain application requires investing millions of dollars, and it also requires connecting upstream and downstream to build an enterprise ecosystem. The time and energy behind it cannot be underestimated.
This is the same for Ant. The blockchain application platform that has spent huge sums of money to build has applied for thousands of patents every year in recent years. After all, it needs business.The industry has been implemented, and now through its ecological alliance, the "open alliance chain", this threshold cost has been directly reduced to thousands, which is almost consistent with the charges of electronic contract companies. It is a devastating blow to electronic contract companies.
Whether it is its consensus algorithm performance index (TPS) of more than 100,000 times/second, or the recently released all-in-one software and hardware and end-to-end trusted environment, the technical indicators of Ant Chain have ranked first in the world. Yiqi Juechen, far surpassing international alliance chains such as Fabric, Quorum and Corda. Combined with Alibaba's strong business capabilities and government BD capabilities, it will never take more than 5 years to completely replace the current electronic contract form.
With the release of the Ant Chain all-in-one machine, the cost of enterprise on-chain is expected to be further reduced, and further optimization performance will be achieved in terms of deployment time, transaction speed, consensus delay, and accelerated cryptographic operations.
4｜How will blockchain contracts develop next?
What will happen to the current blockchain electronic contracts in the future? We look at the development of blockchain applications from four levels: business, industry development, products, and technology:
1) At the business level, judging from the current application scenarios, there are still many blank areas with " The potential of "on-chain" needs to be developed. At present, it is very compatible with the financial industry. It can connect with other financial businesses such as banking, insurance, and securities industries, and is expected to be further integrated with RPA.
2) From the perspective of industry development, not only Ant Chain, but also the pursuer Tencent Blockchain are trying to build an ecology and develop alliance chains. The alliance chain can greatly improve transaction efficiency and reduce transaction costs because of its "multi-centered" characteristics and the advantages of independent controllability, privacy protection, and high efficiency.
3) From the product level, the blockchain products of major manufacturers are all moving towards platform-oriented, whether it is Ant Chain’s BaaS platform or Tencent’s “TrustSQL”, they are all moving in the direction of platforms. Walk. In the future, small and medium-sized manufacturers can choose to join the SaaS camp of Internet giants, establish their own advantages in specific fields, and move in the direction of "small but beautiful".
Future on-chain applications are expected to provide users with diverse deployment models and product forms to meet personalized user needs. However, cross-chain data exchange and the adaptability of technology and data from different chains will be a challenge for these platform-based enterprises.
4) Since the development of blockchain, the three generations of public chains represented by BTC, ETH, and EOS have made varying degrees of sacrifices in terms of efficiency, security, and centralization. Although Ant Chain The technology is advancing by leaps and bounds, but these three mutually restricting indicators are still important problems that require continuous breakthroughs and are indispensable.
As the amount of data on the chain increases, this problem will become more and more obvious. And whether the current payment ability of Ant Chain customers can coverHousing costs remain to be seen.
Ⅶ Why do I say that blockchain technology will change the future of social e-commerce?
Why do I say that blockchain technology will change the future of social e-commerce?
1. What problems does blockchain technology solve?
“People often ask me recently, everyone knows that blockchain makes money, but can you tell me in one sentence, blockchain What problem does this technology solve?”
Although many people know that blockchain technology supports the operation of Bitcoin, when it comes to what problem it really solves, or what blockchain has created What is the value? Many people in the industry are speechless. Because of the ultra-high money-making effect, everyone cannot calmly look at this industry or even this so-called ecology from an investment or technical perspective.
Recently, when I interviewed some "old people in the currency circle", I got a better answer.
“Blockchain technology is the first time in human history that the problem of trust between people has been solved through technical means.”
Through the characteristics of blockchain, we It can be completely tamper-proof, traceable, transactions through smart contracts, etc. Therefore, in theory, everything that needs to solve the problem of trust between people through technical means will most likely require blockchain technology for development and innovation.
2. The Internet era gave birth to social networking and e-commerce
The Internet is a problem in which humans have greatly optimized information transmission through technical means. In the Internet era, business models are roughly divided into three major modules: advertising, e-commerce, and games. Therefore, in the Internet era, there is no doubt about the rise of e-commerce and social networking.
Taking the current highly competitive e-commerce industry as an example, Alibaba and JD.com are both leaders in the field of e-commerce. The e-commerce industry in mainland China has realized e-commerce in the Internet wave. 17 years of explosive development in the business field. WeChat, the largest social software in China and the second largest in the world, has also become an industry leader.
The current Internet industry has gone through the baptism of time, and an obvious oligarchic effect has been formed after the great waves. Today, every oligarch in the e-commerce market has become an industry heavyweight. Of course, there are also situations where it is difficult for a large ship to turn around. In this state. All e-commerce companies are looking for new directions to break through. And many people are eyeing the social e-commerce field of cross-border cooperation.
The two major representatives of social e-commerce are e-commerce based on the Weibo and WeChat ecosystems. At present, the total market share of social e-commerce has reached as high as 14%-20%
Although many people say that the biggest application of blockchain is currency speculation, SEC and other The launch of the project indicates that blockchain technology has the potential to improve the current status of the industry. It is precisely because there are many teams like the SEC that find the integration point between technology and industry and solve the key problems of the industry, which will be the research direction and consensus of the overall blockchain in the future.
VIII What are the issues that need to be improved in blockchain applications
2018 is the first year of the blockchain, but the world's overall blockchain industry, except for the financial industry, is still in its infancy. The maturity of the blockchain industry requires the integration of a series of factors such as technology, market, supervision, and popularity. According to the current development of the blockchain Momentum, experts predict that large-scale implementation can be achieved within 3 to 5 years, and the real economy will also have a new development model. What are the issues that need to be improved in the application of blockchain?
Accelerating the implementation of blockchain technology in industrial scenarios still needs to focus on
1. Quick matching of application scenarios.
Use Blockchain technology can effectively solve the pain points of the industry market. In the mainstream B2B transaction mode scenario of the market, it is easier to combine using blockchain technology. If the application scenario meets the conditions of high transaction frequency, fixed transaction scope, insufficient credit, etc., blockchain technology can be easily implemented This scenario. In the future, as the foundation of blockchain technology matures, it will gradually be applied to more transaction models.
2. The technology is further improved.
Blockchain technology is currently perfect Insufficient strength, 51% computing power attack problem, double-spending gap problem, high transaction costs, low TPS throughput, transaction block chain selection problems, excessive energy consumption of the POW consensus mechanism, hacker intrusions and other technical obstacles.
3. The industry mechanism is sound.
Accurately distinguish the relationship between centralization and decentralization. Decentralization means that the entire operating system can operate autonomously under the condition that there is no central agency management. Two strangers Under decentralized conditions, individuals can achieve trust and realize transaction facts at low cost and quickly. However, what is clear is that the ecosystem is not unmanaged, and the blockchain is still the information center and requires constant technical support. , for repeated upgrades, there is a certain centralized mechanism behind it.
Ⅸ Blockchain TPS
As we all know, Bitcoin can only conduct about 7 transactions per second, and Ethereum is slightly Better, only 10-20 transactions. As a payment system, this is far from enough. Some people often use this as an argument and think that the blockchain is inefficient.
In fact, there are many solutions trying to solve the TPS problem. For example, fabric can reach thousands of TPS, graphene series can reach tens of thousands of TPS, and the Off-chain of Bitcoin and Ethereum The solution theoretically supports unlimited TPS. So does it mean that these new technologies are the future of blockchain? This question is always difficult to answer. There are a lot of things like consensus, distribution, and security.
I watched an interview with BM during the Chinese New Year. He mentioned a theory of VB that Scalability, Decentralization and Security cannot be taken into consideration in the blockchain, which is similar to the CAP theory in distributed systems.
I find this theory to be really simple, crude and effective in explaining blockchain technology.
For example: the alliance chain controls the number of verification nodes through the access mechanism and improves Scalability by sacrificing decentralization; the same is true for the DPOS of the graphene series and the consensus of RippleNet; Bitcoin can also increase the capacity of each block. The purpose of expansion is achieved, but the result is higher requirements for mining machines, forming a natural entry threshold, which actually sacrifices decentralization; both Bitcoin and Ethereum mining difficulty can be adjusted, reducing the mining difficulty actually Scalability can also be improved, but the price paid is reduced attack resistance and security is sacrificed.
But this theory is invalid when applied to off-chain solutions, such as the Lightning Network (Thunder Network), Ethereum’s plasma and R3 Corda (this one is quite special, it directly converts all chains into save). Children's shoes who are interested in the principles of the off-chain solution can go here, http://www.8btc.com/ln-rn-corda. The general plan is that both parties to the transaction lock reserves, package massive transactions and upload them to the chain, and only the final results of the transactions are saved on the chain. Through smart contracts and offline multi-signature mechanisms, cheating parties will be fined and forfeit reserves.
The Off-chain solution looks perfect, guaranteeing decentralization and security, while also allowing unlimited expansion.
But there is no free lunch in the world. Let’s take the Lightning Network as an example (in fact, I don’t fully understand plasma yet😅). At least it has the following shortcomings:
1. Bitcoin locked in the Lightning Network can only be used in the Lightning Network. Only when the transaction channel is closed can it truly become a recognized currency on the chain. This will theoretically lead to a situation similar to a bank run. If everyone loses confidence in the Lightning Network and closes channels centrally, it will bring down the Bitcoin network. However, this does not seem to be a big problem, as long as there are no loopholes in the Lightning Network, such as the signature algorithm being broken.
2. The transaction is executed outside the chain, and the chain cannot verify whether the submitted transaction is the latest version. Although the script ensures that attackers who submit old version transactions are at risk of being fined for reserve funds, but the premise is Defenders are required to monitor the network and submit evidence of updated versions of transactions. That is to say, the original passive defense of Bitcoin (the security of funds can be ensured without losing the private key) to active defense. From this perspective, it can be regarded as reducing security. It is unrealistic to leave this active defense operation to users. Eventually, some service companies will inevitably be spawned to save off-chain transaction certificates on behalf of users and prevent cheating. In a sense, it has changed from "disintermediation of trust" to the need to trust an intermediary. this cornerFrom a superficial perspective, it seems that decentralization is also sacrificed.
3. In the Lightning Network, only the final fund status is saved, and all intermediate transaction details are ignored. Supporters believe that the user's privacy is protected, while opponents believe that transaction data is lost.
4. Because channels require reserves to be maintained, it is impossible for there to be a trading channel between any two users. Transfers between users can be done through transfers. In the end, it is likely that large funds will form a centralized Transit node.
X How does Jack Ma respond to blockchain technology?
Jack Ma is an English major and knows nothing about technology. However, Jack Ma has always attached great importance to technology. For example, Alibaba invested 100 billion in the first phase to establish Damo Academy, which mainly focuses on underlying technology research and development.
Jack Ma has also expressed his position many times on the blockchain technology, which is very popular in 2018. At the Second World Intelligence Conference held today, Jack Ma talked about Bitcoin and blockchain again.
Among Internet tycoons, it is not just Jack Ma who is not optimistic about Bitcoin. Ma Huateng has also expressed similar views to Jack Ma. He even believes that digital currency is a very dangerous thing: < /p>
“Blockchain technology is good, but how to use it well is another aspect. If you do a digital currency ICO, I think there are still a lot of risks. It’s not that the technology is immature. If everyone can use it Blockchain technology can issue digital coins at will, which will cause a lot of regulatory issues. Although digital currencies are very hot now, we are not involved in it. We do not consider issuing coins because I think it is a very risky thing."
Robin Li has never opposed Bitcoin, but he also agrees with the value of blockchain technology:
“Blockchain technology is very revolutionary, but it is still in its early stages. stage. In the traditional Internet, virtual things are made a, and there is no new cost. However, with the arrival of the blockchain, virtual items can truly become unique. Such an Internet will be very different from the previous Internet. ”
Obviously, BAT bosses all value blockchain technology, but are not very interested in Bitcoin. In my opinion, the current digital currency speculation does feel a bit like "beating the drum and spreading flowers". Digital currencies are valuable or even very valuable in the eyes of speculators, but they may be worthless in the eyes of people who do not hold Bitcoin.
"Luo Chao Channel" advises readers that it is okay to just hold a little bit for fun, but spending huge amounts of money for speculation is no different from gambling.
BAT is currently deployed on the blockchain, but it does not participate in currency issuance, ICO, or digital currency trading platforms.
In 2015, Internet Finance established a blockchain technology team. In 2016, it invested in Circle, an American blockchain technology company. Last year, Internet blockchain technology began to be implemented on a large scale, and Internet Finance became a major user.
AliAnt Financial is focusing on blockchain. Zeng Ming, chief strategy officer of Alibaba, once revealed that Ant began to deploy blockchain in 2015. Different from the network's centralized application of blockchain to finance, it pursues the breadth of application. To the surprise of the outside world, the first blockchain application scenario for Ant was not finance, but various life scenarios.
As early as 2015, Tencent had established a blockchain team. It was just research and development first, technology exploration, and using alliance chain technology to implement blockchain into micro-gold, supply chain finance, and electronic storage. Projects such as certificates and public welfare tracing are basically related to finance, and the outside world also knows very little about them. Tencent has also built a blockchain infrastructure platform called Blockchain as a Service (BAAS platform) for use by blockchain developers. Tencent is a "latecomer" in many AI technologies. It may make technical layout first, but it will be relatively cautious in implementing applications.
