央行发行数字货币区块链是真的吗,央行发行数字货币区块链是什么

央行发行数字货币区块链是真的吗？这是一个让人们充满好奇的问题，今天我们就来探讨一下这个话题。相关的关键词有：数字货币、区块链技术、央行发行。

数字货币，也叫做加密货币，是一种新型的虚拟货币，它是利用密码学技术和分布式记账技术来实现数字货币的发行和流通。它是一种不受国家政策控制，安全性高，转账速度快，交易费用低廉的货币。数字货币具有自由流动性，可以跨越国界，在世界范围内流通，并且不受汇率限制。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它是一种非常先进的技术，可以用来存储数据，进行数据处理，实现数据共享和数据交换。它具有去中心化、不可篡改、安全性高等特点，可以有效地防止数据被篡改和伪造，保证数据的安全性和可靠性。区块链技术也可以用于支持数字货币的发行和流通，可以有效地解决数字货币的安全性和可靠性问题。

央行发行指的是央行发行数字货币，是指央行发行一种新型的数字货币，可以与现有的法定货币（如人民币）共存，可以实现跨境转账，可以替代现金，支持网络支付，有效防止金融洗钱、恐怖融资等活动，可以更好地支持金融服务。央行发行数字货币的意义在于，它可以更好地支持金融服务，更好地保护消费者的权益，更好地支持银行业金融机构的发展，更好地促进金融科技的发展，从而更好地促进经济的发展。

从上面的分析可以看出，央行发行数字货币区块链确实是真的，它是一种新型的虚拟货币，可以有效地支持金融服务，更好地保护消费者的权益，更好地支持银行业金融机构的发展，更好地促进金融科技的发展，从而更好地促进经济的发展。只有我们充分了解央行发行数字货币区块链，才能更好地发挥它的作用。

❶ What currency is the central bank issuing digital currency?

The central bank digital currency is a legal digital currency planned to be issued with the approval of the State Council. The Central Bank of China has been studying digital currency since 2014. Positive progress has been made. The People's Bank of China will combine digital currencies with electronic payment tools and will launch a package plan with the goal of replacing part of cash.

The central bank generally refers to the People's Bank of China, which is the central bank of the People's Republic of China. Under the leadership of the State Council, it formulates and implements monetary policies, prevents and resolves financial risks, maintains financial stability, and engages in financial business in accordance with relevant regulations. Activity. It is free from interference from local governments, social groups and individuals.

Digital currency usually refers to a virtual currency that can be used as a means of payment, or can be transferred, stored or traded electronically. For example, Bitcoin, as we usually know, is a type of digital currency. However, Bitcoin does not have a specific issuing institution, and there are certain restrictions on the total quantity.

Bitcoin was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. It has the characteristics of decentralization, global circulation, exclusive ownership, low transaction fees, no hidden costs, cross-platform mining, etc. Bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. Anyone can mine, buy, sell or receive Bitcoin regardless of location.

❷ What is blockchain digital currency

Blockchain digital currency is an encrypted digital currency, that is, digital RMB, and its functions are not limited to payment tools. Among them, digital currency is the initial application tool of blockchain. There is digital currency first, and then there is blockchain. So at first, most startups were engaged in digital currency-related transactions, mining services, wallets and other services. However, as a non-legal currency, digital currency has broken through the central bank's leading position in the field of currency issuance. In the financial field, digital currency has shown its unique application benefits, which has led to its development in cross-border payment, currency exchange, payment settlement and other fields. However, it also has limitations, so there is no need to talk about it. People's recognition.

❸ Di Gang: The central bank is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain

On September 10, the 2021 China (Beijing) Digital Finance Forum was held in Lize Financial Business District, Fengtai District, Beijing hold. Di Gang, deputy director of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, delivered a keynote speech at the parallel forum "Blockchain Empowers High-Quality Development of the Digital Economy". He said that the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain. At the issuance layer, a unified distributed ledger is built based on the blockchain, which improves the efficiency of reconciliation; at the same time, the blockchain has certain advantages in solving trust issues, and technical decentralization does not mean management decentralization.

Di Gang believes that the application of blockchain in the financial field mainly includes two aspects: endogenous improvement and external empowerment: in terms of endogenous improvement, there are supply chain finance, agricultural finance, trade finance and general public finance. Hui Financeand other applications; in terms of external empowerment, financial institutions have also provided better blockchain application services for smart cities, "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and people's livelihood and other fields.

According to reports, the Digital Currency Research Institute has actively strengthened the construction of the blockchain standard system and has led multiple domestic and foreign standardization organization working groups and standardization projects to promote the formulation of blockchain standards.

Regarding the application of blockchain technology, Di Gang proposed four major principles: talk less about subversion, talk more about scenario applications, use technology to solve industry pain points; be rational and pragmatic, and integrate various mature and advanced technologies to achieve results Optimal, this is also the starting point for adopting a mixed technology architecture for digital RMB research and development; technology is neutral; neither overestimate nor underestimate blockchain, solving problems is the starting point for applying blockchain technology.

In order to empower the high-quality development of digital finance, Di Gang believes that the current blockchain can achieve breakthroughs in eight aspects, including increasing basic theoretical research, mastering core technologies, and formulating core technical standards.

❹ What are the development prospects of the central bank’s digital currency DCEP?

The prospects for the development of the central bank’s digital currency DCEP are worthy of attention and anticipation. On the one hand, DCEP uses blockchain technology to realize the issuance, circulation and transaction of digital currency, which is fast, convenient and safe. It can provide the people with more convenient and efficient payment methods, and can also promote the innovation and development of the financial system. On the other hand, the development of central bank digital currency also faces some challenges, such as how to balance the concerns of various aspects such as technology, law, and supervision, and how to unify and coordinate with the existing financial system.

In general, the development of central bank digital currency DCEP has many potentials and opportunities, and is expected to bring new development opportunities and changes to the financial and economic systems. But at the same time, it also requires the joint efforts of the government, financial institutions and other parties to strengthen the standardization of late letter management and technical support and promote the popularization and development of DCEP.

❺ What is the relationship between blockchain and digital currency

Blockchain refers to a chain connected by a series of data blocks (i.e. blocks). The connection method is: The N+1 block contains the hash value of the N block. Moreover, such a chain of data blocks is simultaneously stored and maintained by a widely distributed and huge number of server nodes. Each server node has a complete copy of the blockchain. Digital currency is another form of existence and circulation of legal currency. Compared with the banknotes and coins currently in circulation, digital currency exists in a digital way. The legal existence of digital currency is legal and is based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology for digital currency issuance. This is also the most direct relationship between the two. They can exist independently of each other. The content of this article comes from: China Law Press "Financial Code of the People's Republic of China: Application Edition"

❻ What is digital currency and why does the central bank issue digital currency

Digital currency is electronic currency shapeIt is a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm.
At this stage, the central bank’s digital currency design focuses on M0 replacement, mainly to solve two major problems in the practical application of cash and electronic payments: First, banknotes and coins are easy to be anonymously counterfeited, and may be used for money laundering and terrorist financing. The second is that electronic payment based on the existing bank account tightly coupled model cannot meet the needs of anonymous payment.
Digital currency has the following three characteristics:
1. Low transaction costs
Compared with traditional bank transfers, remittances and other methods, digital currency transactions do not require payment to a third party, and their transaction costs are lower , especially compared to cross-border payments that require high fees from payment service providers.
2. Fast transaction speed
The blockchain technology used in digital currency has the characteristics of decentralization. It does not require any centralized organization similar to a clearing center to process data, and transaction processing speed is faster.
3. High Anonymity
In addition to the fact that physical currency can realize point-to-point transactions without intermediary participation, one of the advantages of digital currency compared to other electronic payment methods is that it supports remote point-to-point payment. It does not require With any trusted third party acting as an intermediary, both parties to the transaction can complete the transaction without trusting each other without trusting each other. Therefore, it has higher anonymity and can protect the privacy of the trader.
[Extended information]
BDC, the full name is Central bank digital currencies, translated as central bank digital currency.
The Bank of England, the Bank of England, gave this definition in its research report on CBDC: Central bank digital currency is an electronic form of central bank currency that can be used by households and businesses to make payments and store value.
The Chinese version of CBDC is described as a digital renminbi, which is issued by the People's Bank of China, operated by designated operating agencies and redeemed by the public. It is based on a broad account system and supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, and is compatible with banknotes and coins. It is a controllable and anonymous payment instrument with value characteristics and legal liability.
What we call DC/EP is the Chinese version of central bank digital currency, which is translated as "digital currency and electronic payment tools".
The Center for International Settlements (BIS) and the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI), two authoritative international organizations, jointly conducted two questionnaire surveys of more than 60 central banks around the world in 2018 and 2019. The questionnaire included the progress of central banks’ work on digital currencies, their motivations for researching digital currencies, and the possibility of issuing digital currencies. 70% of central banks have stated that they are participating in (or will participate in) digital currency research.

❼ The purpose of the central bank’s research and issuance of digital currency: to enhance the control of the money market

The central bank’s focus on digital currency does not come from Bitcoin. Bitcoin does not pose any threat to the central bank and legal tender. threaten. Strengthening the control of the money market may be the core of the central bank’s research and issuance of legal digital currencies.reason. Many people have misunderstandings about digital currency, thinking that digital currency is the digitization of currency. In fact, it’s completely wrong. Today’s legal tender has basically achieved currency digitization. More importantly, it is precisely because of the digitization of currency that the central bank’s control over digital currency has been taken away by commercial banks. Today, central banks are concerned about whether digital currencies can allow them to regain control of their currencies.

Because there is a fundamental difference in the nature of claims between currency digitization and digital currency: currency digitization is M2, a liability of commercial banks; digital currency is MO, a liability of the central bank. This change in the nature of claims will have a great impact on the structure of the money market and currency control. Technology is the fundamental driving force for all these changes. The underlying technology for currency digitization is computers and the Internet, while digital currency is blockchain.

In the computer age, commercial banks bring M2 to control monetary creativity

Currency digitization is a change brought about by the information technology revolution after 1970. Before this, banks did not have computer systems or network systems, and ATM machines did not appear in banks 24 hours a day. Banks relied on manual settlement, and it was inconvenient for users to store, withdraw, transfer and remit money. Many people and companies had large amounts of cash in case of emergencies. needs. In the currency market at that time, the proportions of M0 and M1 were larger than they are now, while M2 was much smaller.

The purpose of the central bank’s research and issuance of digital currency: to enhance the control of the money market

However, after the emergence of computers and the Internet, the bank’s clearing and settlement system has brought fundamental changes to the currency structure. Sexual changes. Banks can realize fast storage, borrowing, withdrawal, and transfer remittances. Users deposit large amounts of cash into banks, resulting in a substantial reduction in cash in the market and a large increase in deposits. This change leads to three results: First, the nature of claims has fundamentally changed. The cash held by users is the debt of the central bank and falls under the MO category. If it is deposited in a commercial bank, it is the debt of the bank and falls under the M2 category. Second, the money creation capacity of commercial banks has been greatly increased. The proportion of M2 and money multiplier have increased, and the debts and assets of banks have increased significantly. On the one hand, commercial banks absorb more deposits (debts) and also lend more loans (assets) from a profit perspective; on the other hand, due to the emergence of computers, banks can control risks more accurately, expand their balance sheets, and continuously Take in more deposits and release more loans. Third, the control power of commercial banks has increased, the control power of the central bank has weakened, the market leverage ratio has increased significantly, and debt has expanded massively.

There is also a significant change in the field of investment banking. In 1971, the U.S. dollar was decoupled from gold, and major countries in the world began to implement floating exchange rates. Under floating exchange rates, exchange rates and interest rates fluctuate greatly, creating room for speculation and arbitrage. The arbitrage space has induced various financial innovations, including options, futures, trusts, various funds and derivatives, investment banksTake advantage of this to arise. The emergence of the Internet and computers has greatly enhanced the risk control capabilities of investment banks and also encouraged their rapid expansion. High returns have prompted more funds to flow from commercial banks to investment banks, and commercial banks have resorted to "shadow banking" to transfer money to investment banking due to pressure on profitability. It can be seen that after the advent of computers and the implementation of floating exchange rates, the central bank's control over currency was weakened by commercial banks and investment banks. Although the United States implemented separate management of banks at that time and supervised the expansion of commercial bank balance sheets, commercial banks circumvented the Federal Reserve's supervision by expanding off-balance sheet businesses. This period of history seems familiar, and it is happening in China today.

In the era of blockchain, can the central bank regain control through the digital currency M0?

Recently, the central bank of China has been a little tired of deleveraging and has started to "struggle" with the Ministry of Finance. . There are many problems reflected here. The central bank is indeed relatively passive in deleveraging. Commercial banks have experienced asset mismatches, surges in off-balance sheet business, and increased leverage ratios in front of local governments, local financing platforms, and state-owned enterprises. This greatly weakens the central bank's monetary control capabilities and the regulatory effect of monetary tools.

The emergence of digital currency may be similar to digital monetization, changing the structure of the money market and enhancing the central bank’s monetary control. Although cash has been basically eliminated in the digital currency era, MO has returned. Digital currency, like cash, is MO and is a liability of the central bank. According to the information disclosed by Dr. Yao Qian of the People's Bank of China, the central bank's digital currency plans to adopt a "two-tier structure", that is, a bank account plus a digital currency wallet account. Digital currency wallet accounts are actually personal "wallets" mapped to the commercial banking system and belong to the M0 category. The funds in the bank account system belong to the M2 category.

We can speculate that if the central bank issues digital currency according to a two-layer price design, what impact will it have on the currency market? First, digital currencies in “private wallets” return to the category of MO like cash. Users master their own keys and store cash in their private wallets without worrying that commercial banks will take away the money. Secondly, if digital currency adopts blockchain technology, it will promote the "disintermediation" of commercial banks, and commercial banks' funds may flow out again, more to investment banks and other newly derived financial institutions. In this way, the money creation ability of commercial banks is compressed, and the proportion of M2 may be reduced. Third, the central bank’s ability to control currency has been enhanced.

The purpose of the central bank’s research and issuance of digital currency: to enhance the control of the money market

Currently, the currency issued by the central bank circulates freely in society. How do you get back in the end? One is the withdrawal of the currency derived from commercial banks, and the other is the withdrawal of the central bank's base currency. The former can be controlled by the central bank through deposit reserves, interest rates and other policies, while the latter is accomplished by the tax system and open market operations.

However, after the issuance of digital currency, the proportion of base currency controlled by the central bank increases, and M2 may decline, which increases the central bank’s control chips. However, Japanese professor Kuroda Akinobu found in his research in "The World History of Monetary Systems" that after a large amount of cash flowed into the market, the authorities were almost unable to recover it, and the cash seemed to have "sunk". Digital currency belongs to MO just like cash. Is it easy for the central bank to control and recycle it?

Ao Meng, chief architect of Tencent Cloud Blockchain, believes that programmable currency can greatly strengthen the central bank’s control over digital currencies. Dr. Ao Meng believes: "Through programming, the central bank can control the entire life cycle of currency - creation, circulation, and withdrawal." How do you understand? For computers, there is a certain self-control function inside it. Taking early object-oriented languages ​​as an example, it is required to have at least two functions, one is a constructor and the other is a destructor. You have to solve both the problem of its creation and the problem of its demise. If we move to programmable digital currencies in the future, the central bank will have much greater control. Control can be added even at the circulation level. This is why central banks in various countries are very interested in blockchain technology.

If the central bank’s digital currency can improve the central bank’s control over currency, then the excessive expansion of commercial banks’ balance sheets and off-balance sheet businesses, excessive leverage ratios, and debt ratios caused by the rise of computers and digital monetization will Higher-level problems may be alleviated. The central bank has stronger monetary control. If it controls the money market scientifically and properly, it should be able to better prevent and alleviate financial crises.

Technology promotes change. The emergence of computer technology has led to a large amount of cash entering the commercial banking system, the transfer of monetary claims, and changes in the structure of the money market. The central bank's liability M0 is reduced, and its control over the money market is weakened. Commercial banks create a large amount of M2 through money multipliers, and their balance sheets expand on a large scale. At the same time, they cause problems such as induced inflation and high debt. The emergence of blockchain technology also triggers changes in currency claims, currency market structure and currency control rights. The central bank can issue digital currency, or facilitate the transfer of currency from cash and banking systems into digital currency wallet accounts. The central bank can regain control of MO and currency, and commercial banks' ability to create M2 is weakened.

Enhancing monetary control should be the main motivation for the central bank to research and issue legal digital currencies. The real problem is how to resolve the contradiction between the central bank's demand for currency control and the decentralization of the blockchain, how to combine the advanced anti-money laundering, taxation and other laws, balance the interests of all parties, and formulate a management mechanism for the central bank's digital currency.

❽ The establishment of financial sovereignty, look at the difference between central bank digital currency and blockchain coins such as Bitcoin

In recent months, central bank digital currency testing has been in full swing, especially on 29 The sudden explosion of the CCB App digital wallet has pushed the central bank’s digital currency to unprecedented popularity..

Many people will think that since the central bank's digital currency will be launched soon, have blockchain-based currencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., also reached the practical stage? Will it be recognized in the country?

The answer is no, because there is an essential difference between the central bank's digital currency and the blockchain digital currency. It is even said that there is no relationship at all, and many principles are opposite. The main differences are as follows:

1. Central bank digital currencies are centralized, while blockchain coins are decentralized.

This can be said to be the fundamental difference. The essence of the development of blockchain coins is decentralization, that is, no one person or organization can control the blockchain network, and all participants jointly maintain the entire area. Blockchain; the central bank’s digital currency is organized by the central bank. The central bank is the center and is responsible for managing all related technologies and businesses.

2. The central bank’s digital currency is real-name, while the blockchain currency is anonymous.

This is the second biggest difference. Blockchain currency has become a hotbed for organized crime because of its anonymity. Various blackmails and threats also require ransom to be paid in blockchain currency, because It is anonymous and cannot trace the real user. The central bank’s digital currency requires real-name authentication, and all users can be found without fear of being used for bad things.

3. Central bank digital currencies are guaranteed by legal payment, while blockchain coins are not guaranteed.

This is also the biggest risk of blockchain coins. You can say that a Bitcoin is worth 10,000 yuan, or you can say that it is not worth a penny. And in terms of the rigidity of redemption, it is just a bunch of numbers. Of no value. The central bank’s digital currency has a one-to-one correspondence with banknotes and can be exchanged for banknotes if necessary.

4. Central bank digital currency can be paid offline, while blockchain coins must be used online.

The central bank’s digital wallet supports online and offline payments, and can be used directly even without an Internet connection, which greatly expands the scope of application. Blockchain coins are more troublesome to use. Not only do they have to be used online, most also require the installation of a dedicated client, increasing the difficulty of use.

5. Central bank digital currencies support high concurrency, while blockchain coins have transaction speed limitations.

The nature of blockchain currency determines that its transactions are inefficient. If a high transaction speed is to be achieved, cost and security are difficult to guarantee. The central bank's digital currency is not based on blockchain and may be used in some scenarios, but it does not require blockchain to ensure it, so it can reach the speed of traditional electronic transactions. Even if people across the country use electronic currency, it can still meet transaction requirements. .

From this we can see that central bank digital currency not only has nothing to do with blockchain currency, we can even say that central bank digital currency is the opposite of blockchain currency and will not endorse blockchain currency. , and even basically declared that it is not allowed in ChinaAny blockchain currency can be used.