全民租车区块链

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，全民租车也开始运用区块链技术来改善其服务。本文将介绍全民租车区块链技术的三个关键词：去中心化、智能合约和可信认证。

去中心化是指把一个系统从中心化的控制结构转变为分散的网络结构，它不依赖于任何中心节点，而是通过网络中的所有节点来实现数据的分布式存储和共享。全民租车的去中心化技术可以让租车公司及其用户共同拥有系统的管理权，从而提高系统的安全性、可靠性和可信度。此外，去中心化技术还可以让租车公司和用户直接进行交易，而无需第三方的介入，从而大大降低了交易成本。

智能合约是一种特殊的区块链技术，它可以自动执行合同，满足双方的要求，而无需任何人的介入。全民租车的智能合约技术可以让租车公司和用户之间的租车交易更加安全可靠，同时减少潜在风险。此外，智能合约还可以保证租车公司和用户双方的权益，从而保障双方的利益。

可信认证是指在区块链系统中，通过对节点的身份进行认证，从而确保节点的安全性和可靠性。全民租车的可信认证技术可以确保租车公司和用户双方的身份信息是可信的，从而保障双方的利益。此外，可信认证技术还可以防止恶意攻击，确保租车系统的安全性。

总之，全民租车的去中心化、智能合约和可信认证技术可以极大地改善租车服务，使租车公司和用户双方都能获得更多的利益。

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⑴ What does blockchain mean? What is blockchain?

1. Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, and consensus mechanism. , encryption algorithms and other new application models of computer technology. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each The data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next guess block.

2. In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao.

3. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period and write down his recorded content. Ledger, and the contents of the ledger will be sent to all other people in the system for backup during this period. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.

⑵ What is blockchain

The poster must first understand two logics.

One is blockchain technology and the other is blockchain investment (a mixture of good and bad, need to be distinguished).

Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. P is a big deal, every node on the chain will be replicated and accounted for synchronously, and the information will be transparent and difficult to tamper with. For example, if you say you want to buy a bag for your girlfriend, and she posts it to Moments, everyone knows about it and writes it down in her notebook. You can't deny it, so you have to pay for it. However, having a partner is the first step!

There are three core values ​​of blockchain technology

1. Decentralization

2. Traceability

3. Untamperable

Because of its values, it can solve many trust problems in our daily life, such as food safety, evidence preservation, etc.

It can be said that the application of blockchain in today's society is becoming more and more widespread, but there are also people who don't know much about blockchain. So what exactly is blockchain? Let me talk about my own experience!

In terms of the decentralized storage of the blockchain, the blockchain can be said to be equivalent to a distributed account.This method uses the sequence of time to connect the memory of each block to form an extensive chain, and this combined chain cannot be tampered with or forged by a third party at will, which effectively guarantees the security of the chain formed by combining data. !

Moreover, the characteristics of blockchain are fully in line with the business needs of modern enterprises. Blockchains that are sufficiently decentralized and trustless will be accepted by more people over time. , I believe that blockchain will also be immeasurable in its future development.

So, where exactly can blockchain be used? I believe this is also an issue that many people are concerned about. Just like the Starlight Chain developed by Diandian Starlight, as the Starlight Chain has the same characteristics as the blockchain, more realistic distributed storage and cloud computing will be widely used in our daily life services and the Internet of Things!

In commercial storage, Starlight Chain will also play a vital role, such as distributed hotels or smart life computing, which are inseparable from Starlight Chain's storage, computing and processing work.

It is said that Starlight Chain will be launched soon. If you want to own Starlight Chain, you must prepare in time! But there is another point. If you want to own the Starlight Chain, you have to mine or trade it. If you don’t know it, you need to understand it in advance. Only when you know yourself and your enemy can you choose something that suits you!

What is blockchain? Everyone who knows has a little understanding and their own opinions.

The official definition of blockchain is: Blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that ensures the security of data transmission and access and uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

What is mentioned separately in blockchain technology is "decentralization", which means that online transactions do not require intermediaries such as Alipay, and buyers and sellers directly communicate with each other, and there is no need to worry about being cheated. If you cheat, there is no need to consider the credibility of each other.

Similar to the real-life transactions in a physical store, you give him money and he gives you things. He can see the origin of your money, who has used it in the past, and who holds it, and you can see the raw materials, the place of origin, and the specific manufacturing process. Isn’t this awesome?

In the blockchain, we are all a link in the chain. We are linked back and forth, forming a chain, a loop, and a network. Everyone is a part of it, and everyone is the last source of information for others. and accept the next message.

Regardless of whether you make money or not, participating early will always give you more opportunities.

In one sentence, if Internet technology solves the communication problem, blockchain technology solves the trust problem.

The so-called blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. In layman's terms, blockchain refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. To put it more clearly, blockchain is similar to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important.

At present, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the account books of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the account books of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.

What? I don’t know...

How to use it? The most typical one is probably the economic profit brought about by the exponential explosive growth of Bitcoin. And now every major platform has launched its own blockchain, hoping to get a piece of the pie.

Now the most popular NetEase Planet earns Force Power by signing in every day and earning Force Power by inviting friends. The amount of Force Power directly affects the number of black diamonds you mine. Until now So far, the eldest brother who has dug the most black diamonds probably has only about seventy, and I only have about three.

The current information provided by NetEase is that the black diamond transaction will be carried out in mid-March. At that time, it should be possible to reflect whether the black diamond is valuable. And compared with other blockchain projects, NetEase Planet must have the invitation code of the inviter before you can register.

The second one is Block City, which is also a relatively popular platform. Judging from my current situation, this platform has more types of mines. It’s not just like Black Diamond. It is a kind of thing, and in comparison, the quantity dug is really small. So far, it is calculated based on the output of a few 0.00.

The third one is this inurswallet. I don’t quite understand this one. It’s similar to the other two, but the output is relatively large

The fourth one is this online Leitz dog. This one is a little different from the others. You can get calculus points by signing in. , or you can earn micro points by inviting friends, and you can also earn micro points by buying and selling Leitz dogs. Many people feel that there is nothing interesting about raising a dog, because they don’t need to collect it all the time like other platforms, so it seems a bit boring. The current Leitz dogs are only the 0th generation, and laterDuring the period, the reproductive function may appear, and the first generation, second generation, etc. may appear.

Blockchain is a technology that can make data on the Internet safe, reliable and non-replicable. Moreover, there is no need for an agency or organization to take care of it.

At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature, because there are indeed technical bottlenecks, resulting in unsatisfactory data processing speed in the blockchain. The reason why blockchain is so popular is inseparable from people’s enthusiastic expectations. However, blockchain is indeed a disruptive technology. I believe that one day it will break through the technical bottleneck and truly good applications will appear.

1 and N, public and private, efficient and inefficient

(1) What is the difference between new retail and blockchain?

Many people’s first impression is that there is no essential difference between the two!

Is this really the case?

Share-holding new retail, free access for the people, limited capital, only channel, and the end point is socialist ownership by the whole people. Blockchain, free access to capital, restrictions on people, infinite channels and platforms (N), constantly pushing up channel costs, always points to capitalist private ownership. One is 1, the other is N; one channel has decreasing costs, one channel has increasing costs; one points to socialist ownership by the whole people, and the other points to capitalist private ownership.

(2) What is the difference between new retail and traditional networks?

Many people feel that new retail will help everyone make money in the future, and will be the same as the traditional Internet in other aspects.

Is this really the case?

Consumer-led new retail has free access for consumers and producers, limited capital, and unique channels. The end point is zero marginal cost and a high degree of system security and stability. In contrast, today's traditional networks have free access to capital, and the number and cost of channels are constantly increasing. Each platform may not see the sun next year, and the platform is logically unsafe and unstable. One is 1, the other is N; one is cost-decreasing, the other is cost-increasing; one is a benefit entity, and the other is a pitfall entity; one is heading towards stability and unity, the other is heading towards division and conflict; one is pointing towards common prosperity, and the other is pointing towards polarization.

(3) What is the difference between new retail and the commercial banking system led by the Federal Reserve?

Consumers dominate new retail, with only one channel. Consumers and physical enterprises have free access. The end point is the lowest-cost channel and socialist public ownership. Commercial banks have free access to capital, and the end point is that channel costs are constantly rising, which not only squeezes physical profits, but also points to debt and economic crisis. One is 1, the other is N; one is free access for people, and the other is free access for capital; one is zeroing out channel costs, pointing to happiness, and the other is gradually increasing channel costs, and the economy is driven by investment, which ultimately triggers an irreversible environmental crisis. .

(4) AvenueTo be simple, all methods can be unified

Channels do not directly create value!

The fewer channels, the higher the efficiency. New retail has free access for the people. To maintain the uniqueness is to maintain the lowest cost and to maintain the road to the future!

Looking at blockchain, traditional networks and commercial banking systems, their starting point is N. The more they struggle, the greater the damage to the entities they depend on, and the closer they are to death.

——What is socialist public ownership?

All enterprises are linked by a new retail link into a super enterprise, which only bears production and transportation costs. The wealth of society is determined by production capacity, not by capital and financial algorithms. Strong and excess production capacity determines common prosperity.

——What is capitalist private ownership?

With free access to capital, you can mess around. The number of channels and platforms continues to increase, and channel costs increase exponentially, squeezing entity profits and inhibiting entity enterprises from serving the people. Channels here include blockchain, traditional networks, commercial banking networks, etc. The essence of private ownership is to be conservative and fish in troubled waters.

What is blockchain? This word seems to have become a question that people who have done a little research on the Internet will ask in 2018.

The emergence of blockchain as a new concept word, many people cannot understand it at first. We take the Starlight Chain of Diandianxingguang, code: STA as an example.

Starlight Chain is based on blockchain and has the characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization and trustlessness. The so-called decentralization and trustlessness mean that point-to-point transmission can be carried out in the future, and Starlight Chain Chains can achieve this. The details are as follows:

Based on the decentralization, distribution, point-to-point transmission, non-tampering and other characteristics of the blockchain, the uploaded data will be stored in slices and backed up multiple times and encrypted for storage. Obtaining any one or more pieces cannot constitute complete data. When part of the stored data is lost or damaged, in order to ensure the security of the data and download it at any time, the system will automatically generate a new backup, and only the private key can be used to download, change or delete.

Blockchain is used to jointly record public data, or in a more narrow sense, for accounting.

You said that you can just use a computer to record the accounts yourself. Why do you need a blockchain to record them?

Because others don’t believe the accounts you keep. Who are you? Why do others believe what you remember?

For example, you recorded in your computer that Zhang San owes you 10,000 yuan, and Zhang San said that I also recorded in my computer that you owe me 1 million yuan. What to do?

This used to be the solution: Find a notary and you twoAll accounts are recorded with the notary. If there is a dispute, the notary’s account book shall prevail. For example, this is what banks do. Both of your money is deposited with him, and there are records of transfers and borrowings.

The blockchain solves this problem: When you are keeping accounts in your own computer, Zhang San will also keep the same data in his own computer. After recording, you two will check each other and both agree. Okay, this account is officially recorded. There is no need for third parties or so-called "authoritative agencies" or "certification agencies" to participate in the process.

The way everyone keeps accounts together is also called "distributed" or "decentralized" because everyone keeps accounts, and the accuracy of the ledger is determined by a program algorithm rather than a certain an authoritative organization.

This is the blockchain. The core is finished. The blockchain is as simple as a common ledger.

What is blockchain?

First of all, let’s clarify the concept. Blockchain is a computer technology that integrates multiple disciplines. Like the Internet, it is an electronic platform for processing information data.

Blockchain is not equal to digital currency. Digital currency only applies blockchain technology to increase its uniqueness and security, making it difficult to counterfeit. These digital currencies are actually strings of digital information codes.

Then answer two sub-questions:

(1) How to use blockchain technology

To figure out how to use blockchain, we must First figure out how it works and what its advantages and disadvantages are.

Simply put, on the blockchain platform, the data will be processed and packaged into a fixed size, and then encrypted to generate unique verification information, and the verification information will be used to complete the concatenation of the data. The middle information block will contain the verification information of the previous block and generate new unique information for use by subsequent blocks. Because the generated verification information is unique, changing any of its contents will produce another different verification information. Therefore, blockchain uses this to ensure data security.

On this basis, the blockchain uses distributed storage to store copies of data in the hands of everyone participating in the blockchain. Only the consistent data information is recognized. information. If there are different copies that are different from the majority, then its data is tampered with, that is, forged.

Blockchain also has other features, such as instant broadcast, status synchronization, smart contracts, automatic operation, and public sharing.

When we use blockchain technology, we must think about what actual problems this technology can solve and whether there are any other alternative solutions to these problems. If the cost of using blockchain technology is lower, then it can be adopted.

For example, applying blockchain technology to a company’s financial informationSave, each financial transaction will be securely encrypted and distributed to multiple computers in the company to save copies. Then these stored data are secure enough, and no one can unilaterally tamper with the accounts. If someone's copy of the account is different from other people's, then it is tampered with.

Such an application can save a lot of financial data review costs and create benefits for enterprises.

(2) When will blockchain mature?

Blockchain will mature tomorrow.

Haha, of course this is impossible. To say when the technology will mature, you need to consider where it will be used, whether it is for commercial or civilian use, or for simple data applications. To what extent do you want to use technology?

For example, when will Internet technology mature? Can you call me mature now? What are the criteria for maturity? For civilian use, Internet technology is relatively mature because it can already meet people's daily information processing needs. But for commercial use, Internet technology is not mature enough because it still has some technical bottlenecks. This is why Alibaba produces some transaction volume data every year during the e-commerce festival. You know, in such a short period of one or two hours, hundreds of millions of information flows in. How to deal with it? Whose priority? What to do if data is interrupted? These are all questions that are emerging gradually.

Back to the blockchain, blockchain technology is still in the state of a primitive model and is still in a very preliminary stage. No one has imagined what specific changes it can ultimately bring to society. Everything is castle in the air. Even the current social foundation of blockchain is still very weak. How can we infer its maturity time on such a basis?

If I had to name a time, I would say tomorrow. Why tomorrow? Because technology is developing, tomorrow's progress will definitely be more complete than today's.

Thanks for reading.

⑶ Comic popular science about blockchain, you need to know the basic concepts

No matter what industry you are in, you must have seen information about blockchain in your circle of friends in the past two days Various news on the chain. So, what exactly is such a popular blockchain?
1. What exactly is blockchain?
A cartoon will let you understand in seconds
Blockchain technology refers to a kind of public participation in recording method of accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Currently, each is keeping its own account.
Since there is no centralized intermediary agency, letting everything run automatically through preset programs can not only greatly reduce costs, but also improve efficiency. And since everyone has the same ledger, it can ensure that the ledger recording process is open and transparent.
Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has been operating very stably for many years without any incidents.problem, so some people noticed its underlying technology, abstracted the Bitcoin technology, and called it blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.
According to a report released by Santander, Spain's largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.
Cloud computing is usually defined as providing dynamic, easily scalable and often virtualized resources through the Internet, but it is often a centralized organization that provides a cloud computing platform. The network composed of blockchain generally does not have a specific organization, so blockchain is closer to the definition of a distributed computing system and is a type of distributed computing.
Q Coin is a centralized electronic currency, including the total amount and issuance method, which are controlled by Tencent. The total amount and issuance method of Bitcoin are pre-set by programs and encryption algorithms, and run on multiple nodes around the world. No one or institution can modify them, and they are not controlled by any single person or institution. Q coins are generally called electronic currencies or corporate tokens. Bitcoin is called digital currency or encrypted digital currency.
2. What are the characteristics of blockchain? What can it be used for?
In summary, blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a database ledger that records all transaction records. Its essence It is a decentralized database. This technology has gradually attracted the attention of the banking and financial industries because of its safety and convenience.
Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, no need for central trust, non-tampering, and encryption security. It is entering the vision of government decision-making, financial institutions, and large enterprises, and is used in digital currency, payment settlement, credit financing, and finance. trade.
What can blockchain be used for? From the current point of view, the most obvious application of blockchain is Bitcoin. Blockchain first gained attention thanks to Bitcoin.
Qian Lufeng, chief analyst of the computer industry at Sinolink Securities, said that the most typical application scenarios of blockchain currently include three categories:
The first is currency applications, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.;
The second is The traditional financial field, such as the blockchain technology alliance R3, Hyperledger, etc., brings together institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Ping An, HSBC, and IBM, and is committed to cross-border payment, financial bill management and other application scenarios in the financial field;
Three Right and Wrong The fields of Yuanzhou Finance include energy, luxury goods, telecommunications, Internet and other fields.
Listed companies in the A-share computer sector have actively deployed blockchain in aspects such as equity investment, technology research and development, and project cooperation. However, because it takes a certain amount of time to incubate a new team and new projects/products/services, many listed companies are still in the early trial and error stage in terms of blockchain technology research and development and scenario-based applications.
As for the application of blockchain in the financial and non-financial fields, Industrial Securities said that currently, many traditional financial institutions, including banks and exchanges,Financial institutions attach great importance to blockchain's distributed ledger and other technologies, and have begun to explore its practical applications in cross-border payments, bill transactions, securities issuance, etc. Some industry leaders have already entered the concept verification and project implementation stages.
With the improvement and innovation of underlying algorithms such as consensus mechanisms, Internet companies and non-financial companies have also begun to explore the possibility of applying blockchain in non-financial fields such as supply chain management, copyright transfer, and case management.

⑷ Under the Internet of Everything, what does the blockchain bring to us

The transmission of Internet information is widely used in business reception, culture and education, diagnosis and treatment, finance, industry and Agriculture and other fields have been widely used and developed in depth, driving the integration of many stages such as production and manufacturing, marketing, operations, and management methods. At the same time, it has promoted the progress of online games, IT, news media, tourism and other related industries. The overall information management solution combined with the network has also demonstrated positive significance in the fields of public security agencies, securities, transportation and travel.

Internet technology has become an indispensable part of everyone's daily life. Internet technology is widely used in real life. On the Internet, everyone can chat, play games, view items, etc. More importantly, you can also advertise and buy things on the Internet. Internet technology brings great convenience to our daily lives. On the Internet, people can search for their academic and career needs in the data knowledge base system to assist them in their work and study. Computers can be used for multimedia learning, playing games, watching TV series, reading information, and searching for information. But if you overdo it, there will be disadvantages, just like I am still at home online and not sleeping at night.

⑸ How will the blockchain affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of ordinary people in the future?

How will the blockchain affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of ordinary people in the future
To answer this question, we need to use our imagination.
Let’s briefly talk about the characteristics of blockchain technology:
Data security is high, and data using blockchain technology is almost impossible to be tampered with. .
Data cannot be changed after being recorded.
Data can be highly transparent and can be seen by everyone.
Distributed nodes, data is not recorded in a single central server, but distributed among various distributed nodes.

What changes will these technological features bring to our future lives?
Let us imagine the life of an ordinary person, Xiaoyu, after 30 years when blockchain technology is highly popularized.
First of all, let’s introduce our protagonist Xiaoyu: Xiaoyu is 30 years old and is a freelance writer and photographer. I live in Xingfuli, Dongdaqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing... What, Xiaoyu is a rich man?
No, Xiaoyu is just an ordinary person.
Why can ordinary people afford a house in Xingfuli?
In fact, in the blockchain era 30 years later, regardless ofBoth cities and companies are decentralized. Most people do not have to work through a company to serve others, they only need to provide services on the blockchain. Therefore, there is no need for most people to work in companies concentrated in urban centers. People began to move out of the city and live in satellite towns around the city. Or simply move to a rural town with equally well-equipped facilities. Housing prices in the city center have naturally dropped.
In fact, a house in the center of Beijing will not be more expensive than a villa in a surrounding satellite city 30 years later. Xiaoyu bought this house just to facilitate his photography and collecting in Beijing.

Xiaoyu got up early and took out the milk and bacon bread bought last night from the refrigerator to make a breakfast. In fact, food safety issues have been forgotten after 30 years. Because every can of milk, from the health status of the cow, to factory packaging, to transportation, is recorded in the blockchain. The entire industry chain has been made transparent and updated in real time, and every transparent blockchain will be supervised by artificial intelligence. Once there is a problem in a certain link, artificial intelligence will immediately issue an alarm.
Within three years after the operation of this blockchain recording + artificial intelligence supervision system, the food safety problems that have troubled people for many years will be solved.
After breakfast, Xiaoyu started his day's work. He works about two hours a day, three to four days a week. The main content of the work is to upload the photos I took during this period to the blockchain platform, write a travel experience to introduce my photos, and spend some time communicating with my fans on the platform's social media.
Every uploaded photo will be encrypted by the blockchain, and users can read Xiaoyu’s articles and see photo thumbnails for free. But if you want to download high-definition pictures, you must pay to Xiao Li's account to download.
In fact, when the entire network is blockchain-based, piracy will be very difficult. Because if a user wants to make money from Xiaoyu’s photos, they must obtain Xiaoyu’s authorization. Otherwise, once the user uploads the image to the network, it will be recorded by the blockchain. When accountability is held in the future, every penny this pirate makes through piracy will be traced and held accountable.
30 years later, the popularity of blockchain has completely solved the problem of piracy. Therefore, individual photographers like Xiaoyu can make a good income by relying on the copyright of their own photos.
After work, we had lunch. Xiaoyu remembered that he had made an appointment with his dentist in the afternoon. Get ready to go out and take a taxi. Thirty years later, hailing a taxi will no longer be through a certain company’s taxi hailing software. Instead, just pay on the taxi-hailing platform, and the smart contract in the blockchain will automatically match the car rental driver after receiving the payment. So Xiaoyu only needs to say to his mobile phone before going out: I want to go to the dentist. And just transfer money to the taxi driver's electronic wallet. When we got downstairs, the taxi was already waiting there.
The appointed time has arrivedWhen he went to the dental clinic, Xiaoyu didn’t need to show any medical records. Just use your private key to unlock your case record blockchain and give it to the dentist. The dentist will make judgment and treatment based on the last case record. Then make a new record in the blockchain.

After coming out of the dentist's office, Xiaoyu sat down at a nearby automatic cafe and ordered a cup of coffee using his e-wallet to pay. And go to the blockchain community to see the progress of his various photography projects - Xiaoyu has planned a lot of photography plans for himself, including a photography plan to Antarctica and a photography plan to the Amazon rainforest. But these plans require more funding and a working group that includes planners, photographers, local route planning experts, etc. It is beyond Xiaoyu's ability alone.
So Xiaoyu packaged these plans and ideas and put them in the blockchain community: raising funds for the project and looking for like-minded partners and colleagues. And attached his own blockchain information.
Every Internet user in the world can see these projects, as well as Xiaoyu’s personal credit information. If they feel that this project or this person is reliable, they can transfer any amount of money from their e-wallet to Xiaoyu's account to donate or invest in the project. Interested and like-minded people can also express their willingness to go together. Xiaoyu can find suitable participants based on the credit information of the willing people and the personal resume blockchain. Form a temporary working group to complete the project.
Obviously, there is a future for improving the blockchain credit system. We no longer need to go through banks for financing and borrowing. The way people organize production has also broken away from the scope of the company.
These are some of the details that I can think of that blockchain technology can change our lives in the future. The writing is not very comprehensive. I hope friends who read it will give me more opinions and open up your own imagination.
Blockchain technology is currently a very promising revolutionary technology. Although it is not fully implemented yet. But I believe it will slowly develop and mature over time. and bring disruptive changes to our future.

⑹ How to introduce the blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and what its commercial value will be in the future

There is a real joke, an engineer from Ant Financial, he wrote I submitted a blind date resume, and the job description in it was "code farmer", but no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "blockchain" and received 381 love letters at once.

From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the blockchain carnival. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.

1. What is blockchain?

To put it bluntly, the blockchain is "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big housekeeper to be responsible for "accounting" (maintaining the system and entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose record will ultimately prevail? Of course, it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents of his records into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to everyone in the system. of others to make backups.

2. What is so powerful about blockchain technology?

Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. In the absence of a central steward, everyone is a defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and it is meaningless to just modify one's own results. Who would do such a thankless task? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediaries are the platforms we must pass through when transferring money, such as traditional banks. Now any two strangers can directly complete mutual trust transfers, and the efficiency has been improved not only a little!

3. What is the use of blockchain technology? ?

As mentioned above, the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not require intermediary participation, the process is efficient and transparent, the cost is very low, and the data is highly secure. That is to say, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:

In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to updating a digital, secure and tamper-proof General ledger books. In fact, Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have already begun experiments, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.

In car rental, blockchain also has great potential. A future customer selects the car they want to lease, entering it into the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the lease agreement and insurance policy, while the blockchain updates the information simultaneously. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.

In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.

Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.

In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."

Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.

1. What is blockchain;

2. What are the benefits of blockchain;

3. What are the uses of blockchain;

4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;

Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain

Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockchain in English. This is a very good word. The English name is well chosen and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.

1. What is a "block"?

You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.

For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, it actually corresponds to a block. This block is a record of what it is.

When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.

This is the first dimension.

To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.

Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. Famous. butYes, people's DNA is different. Even if you have identical brothers and sisters, your DNA is different, so this is your unique identifier. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is a benefit of the blockchain.

2. What is "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.

Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.

Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and detected.

The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.

Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?

1. Mathematically speaking, it is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to that you don’t own it, but you can ask questions Learned many details about it.

Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.

2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. That is to say When you buy this bottle of medicine, you can know where it comes from, but others cannot.

For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.

However, he cannot obtain this contract, and he cannot steal this contract from your computer.

Blockchain also has some very interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.

3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn’t do itAnything fishy. I will not secretly do anything in the contract to make you suffer losses.

This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.

In the third block, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain

1. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a cryptocurrency. Of course, you can make another one based on it, either Zhang three coins or Li four coins. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.

2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.

The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?

Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.

3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become like this. All the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed, such as building or decorating a house for you. , your payment must be given to me at any stage of the decoration. If you accept it, no problem, the payment will be automatically given to me.

You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will save many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.

Blockchain can also be used for property registration, car registration, etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.

After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at the technology and existing problems of blockchain.

Today’s blockchain is basically the second generation and the first generation. It is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.

The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins, unlike in the pastWhen you go to Bitcoin, you have to copy it exactly and copy it again. Today on Ethereum, you can easily send your own currency. This is just like today on the Android operating system, you can easily do it. Same as your App.

There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions

1. The transaction delay is very long. I asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.

2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, the early people took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one knows clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.

3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.

Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so whoever can develop new underlying technology and reduce this transaction cost will make a lot of profits in the future.

Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.

Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.

Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!

Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.

The current development directions include digital currency, payment, smart contracts, defi finance, web3 and so on. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.

Today’s Afghanistan may best prove the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage

Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.

Keywords: block, chain, database, ledger, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market

First, what is a blockchain? Blocks and chains are an accounting method and a form of network data storage.

Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution process result data of smart contracts, etc.

Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".

This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain some information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back to the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block must modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.

Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.

Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network

Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since the nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to control everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.

How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of equity, who stakes more assets

Pow means that everyone calculates a difficult mathematical problem together, whoever calculates it Whoever comes out has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.

The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price and receive a certificate of investment, which essentially builds a kind of trust.

When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone will only recognize the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.

Simply put, eachNetwork nodes use programs to package transactions within a period of time, and then connect the transaction blocks one after another and save them in each node. However, encryption algorithms will be used to ensure that the node information is not leaked and the user's information is protected. It is encrypted to ensure that the information in the block is not cracked or tampered

Secondly, the current development of blockchain, various projects and significance, At this stage, it is more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.

Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.

For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.

I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.

Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.

For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.

What does it probably mean? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.

This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.

In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various signatures and verify them, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights

But with blockchain The network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.

Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets. Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.

It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.

There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to integrate all decentralized hard drives intoTake it out. Break all the data and information that need to be stored on the network into small pieces

and then distribute them to the entire network. When we want to use network data in the future, we no longer need large network database or server. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.

If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.

Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.

Initial digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.

Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.

It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.

Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province already has blockchain invoices. For example, there are already some blockchain apps for judicial certification, but for the front-end For you, you can't feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?

This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.

Third, it is essentially the mechanism of trust, the way of value transmission, and the exploration of social governance methods.

What is the essential value of blockchain? The most important thing is that it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values ​​can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.

Mainly in these aspects.

First, before Bitcoin, people did not know how to protect a piece of information, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.

The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.

You buy directlySelling is out of the question. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually come to find a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.

For example, the master who could whip five lightning whips a while ago. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable

Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.

The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.

If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. And transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.

You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brainpower, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.

The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.

You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. We no longer have to worry about some big capitalist taking advantage of everyone and getting the bulk of the profits.

So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.

To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm. It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure

Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.

The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.

The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.

I recommend this book linked below.Easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, the underlying technical logic of blockchain, and some mainstream projects. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.

⑺ What is "blockchain"

Blockchain technology is a technology that jointly maintains reliable databases through decentralization and elimination of trust. Four keywords can be used to describe blockchain technology: trust reduction, decentralization, collective maintenance and reliable database.

When we talk about the concept of "blockchain", Bitcoin is definitely a topic that will not be ignored. In recent years, Bitcoin has begun to enter the public eye, especially in 2017, which has continued to skyrocket throughout the year, making many people aware of this emerging thing.

Blockchain is actually the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin exists because people on the Internet who don’t know each other can move and trade digital currency through the Bitcoin network. And this is driven by blockchain technology. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain ledger. To a certain extent, in the application of Bitcoin, the blockchain plays the role of the underlying database of the bank transaction system. Both are for "keeping accounts". Although it is not very prudent to refer to the blockchain directly as a "database", for the sake of ease of understanding, let's temporarily call it a decentralized, shared, and encrypted database. If described in professional terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology.

Blockchain can usually be divided into the following types:

1. Public blockchain. Anyone can access data on a public blockchain, and anyone can issue transactions waiting to be written to the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to miners in Bitcoin at the time) maintain the security of the database through cryptography and built-in economic incentives.

2. Collaborative blockchain. The nodes participating in the blockchain are pre-selected, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof-of-work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among a hundred financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than two-thirds of the institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be either public or shared internally by these node participants.

3. Private blockchain. The participating nodes are only individual users, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Most of the internally used blockchain technologies announced by some financial institutions recently are vague and may fall into this range.

The blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. Anyone can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily discover whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.

In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.

Everyone can verify this concept, which is of great significance to the blockchain.It's important.

Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.

So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?

In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:

1. Decentralized domain name server, namely domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.

2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.

3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.

4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.

But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.

The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values ​​of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.

Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.

In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions waiting for verification into hash values, and charge a certain amount of Bitcoin as a service fee.

Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.

I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.

Supplement

Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.

Bitcoin has shown the world that blockchain technology is feasible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technological transformation of Bitcoin or the introduction of a completely Different blockchain technologies. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. butBitcoin remains the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.

Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.

In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.

| What is Blockchain

Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links". Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.

It is generally believed that blockchain has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:

Since each block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a specific period of time, Therefore, each block is equal, and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the entire system, so the blockchain has decentralized characteristics.

Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness.

Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .

Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? Is it a disruptive new technology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, as little as one or two years, as much as four or five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect the economy and society.all aspects.

| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system

In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.

Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. Like many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu resisted it at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.

Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless features of the blockchain are fully utilized, what else will the intermediaries of financial institutions do? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.

In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.

| Subverting the financial system, blockchain still faces two mountains

Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides. The more prominent the advantages, the more obvious the flaws. It’s just the perspective. Just different. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.

First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution. Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralization feature of blockchain is destined to only play a role in specific fields (that is, fields that are not suitable for centralization). How can it subvert everything?

Furthermore, it is a question of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. The problem is, each block retains all transaction information, which is not available on small blockchains.It is a problem, but as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and a sharp rise in information storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.

Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.

As a conclusion, Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify that blockchain, as a conceptual innovation, does have great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant way is the golden mean." In the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.

(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)

As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of its information. Next block.

I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.

If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.

To understand what this word means, you need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center. All these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan notes at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.

Golden Yuan Coupons

This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, making it very difficult to illegally modify the ledger through mathematical methods. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.

Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called block chain.ain).

After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.

For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If its processing volume is one day comparable to that of Alipay, the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 terabytes per year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?

For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system

In layman’s terms, it is playing mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the banker, and each other can shoot four people. They all have their own ledger records, but if you want to modify the ledger, you must have more than 50% of the modification rights, so the cost of cheating on the ledger is very high.

In the future, blockchain will be used more in finance to combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and in culture it can be used for copyright protection, etc.

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I have seen a lot of people’s explanations of blockchain in official terms, and some may not even be clear to the person explaining it. I will explain blockchain in vernacular below to ensure that everyone can read it. Gotta understand.

What is blockchain? Let me give an analogy. In 50 years, you can buy an electric fan from the supermarket. This electric fan will automatically mine coins for you when it is blowing. You can mine coins automatically while using the electric fan. When you use this electric fan, When the fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to repair the electric fan. Of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand. When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, they can be paid through membership fees or service fees. Such small fees or other ways to make profits. Just like this, the mined coins can be purchased and repaired. Although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.

And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.

Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient. It is equivalent to upgrading on the basis of the Internet, making it safer and more convenient. This is blockchain! It's that simple.

The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain is impossible to change. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.

At present, the blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, a truly valuable blockchain Internet will be hatched. company.

The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .

1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.

2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.

3. Everyone works on the same blockchain, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission and tampering with the blockchain is prohibited. It is difficult to operate in terms of computing power.

If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is an accounting behavior:

Anyone can verify this public ledger, but there is no single The user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.

(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. nodes, which is equivalent to changing database records; (Consensus mechanism, cryptography)

(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp it with a timestamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)

(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)

(4) Storage, the account book is a partition Block storage, as transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain, forming a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology)

(5) Backup, each Participating traders are all nodes in the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.

Features

1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.

2. Close to zero trust cost.

The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long. For example, Taobao often takes several years to build its credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.

3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.

If traditional assets are to be used for trading, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging and endorsement, and the fees and thresholds are extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.

The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.

Blockchain, simply put, is the underlying technology that supports ICO (virtual currency). The popular Bitcoin is an application of ICO. In other words, the connotation of blockchain is richer, and its main features are:

1. Blockchain is equivalent to digital trust. Both parties to the transaction can independently enter into digital contracts, and companies providing blockchain services are equivalent to Digital trust company;

2. The purpose and characteristics of blockchain are "3 de-intermediaries" - de-intermediation, de-currency, de-sovereignty; yes

3. Bitcoin is An application of blockchain, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and all blockchains apply digital encryption technology;

4. The "3 Go" feature is targeted at the financial industry, and only when high frequency is required Blockchain is only needed in the financial field of transactions;

5. Large platforms with a user base are more suitable for applying blockchain, and small companies’ participation is of little value, so Zuckerberg’s 2018 New Year’s wish includes To study digital cryptocurrency. Kodak also launched a digital currency, and caused its stock price to skyrocket.

Furthermore, when it comes to Bitcoin, it can be cashed out and exchanged into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, and they can also use Bitcoin to purchase real-life items. In this sense, Bitcoin is similar to the world's currency, close to gold.

Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and an early investor in Facebook, believes that Bitcoin is "undervalued" by people and compares it to gold. He said: "If one day Bitcoin becomes the online equivalent of gold, then it will have room for appreciation."

But on January 3, the "People's Daily" published an article saying, "Whether it is from The increase can still be seen from the value of the currency itself. There is a bubble in the price of Bitcoin. This is an issue that needs no discussion." Data show that in the past 2017, Bitcoin has skyrocketed and plummeted: within a year, the price skyrocketed by about 20 times, and in one day It fell more than 40% within the period.

Indeed, Bitcoin has risks. However, blockchain with richer connotations obviously still has greater room for development.

Last night, screenshots of Xu Xiaoping, founder of ZhenFund, encouraging the embrace of the blockchain revolution in an internal group were posted online. In his view, the blockchain revolution has indeed arrived. “I strongly encourage everyone internally to embrace the blockchain revolution and learn blockchain technology. This is my understanding after long-term observation and thinking. I feel the responsibility to tell our entrepreneurs. I don’t want my understanding of blockchain The views have been misunderstood as views on ICO."

However, in the context of the collective entry of Internet companies and investment institutions, the government will definitely take measures.

Recently, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has expressed concerns about this and shelved the proposal of two U.S. companies to launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).

In fact, this is only a matter of time. Because the "three-go" feature of blockchain is inherently contradictory to government centralization.

⑻ How can blockchain cover other industries besides finance?

Blockchain is the most challenging innovation in the field of financial technology (Fintech) One is because blockchain has fundamentally subverted the inherent logic, operating model and business scope of traditional finance, breaking through the limitations of countless conventional rules and regulations, and entering a series of new application fields that were previously unreachable.
Blockchain is called a disruptive technology that will reconstruct the key underlying infrastructure of Internet finance and even the entire financial industry. Its value in the financial field is waiting for people to discover. Specific applications are as follows:
1. Applications in the banking industry
Wallet and payment are the first areas where blockchain technology has been involved, but this is also the traditional business scope of the banking industry. What changes can the arrival of blockchain technology bring?
Cross-border payment - application case:
CircleCircle, founded in October 2013, aims to make Bitcoin "simple and easy to operate, similar to Gmail (Google Mail), Skype (Microsoft's Internet phone) and other customer service tools That way,” the company quickly received a large amount of financing. In mid-2014, it received an investment of US$27 million, becoming one of the most well-funded companies in the field of digital cryptocurrency.
In 2015, Goldman Sachs and IDG Capital Partners led the investment, raising $50 million in funding for Circle. In June 2016, Circle received US$60 million in investment led by Chinese investors, and announced that it had established an independent company in China, Circle China, established a local team, and reached strategic cooperation with Internet and Everbright.
Circle utilizes Bitcoin blockchain transactions to provide instant and free fund transfers around the world. Circle hopes to use Bitcoin as a free Internet payment network to enable the smooth flow of national legal currencies around the world without any hindrance. By partnering with overseas companies like IDG, Circle can provide financial services to users using legal currencies in various countries.
Despite the complex regulatory structures of payment systems in various countries, cooperation between these countries has made progress. In April 2016, Circle received the first electronic currency license issued by the British Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which attracted widespread attention in the industry. Subsequently, Circle announced the establishment of a partnership with Barclays Bank and officially entered the British market. Since then, British consumers can enjoy services such as fast transfer payments and Bitcoin buying and selling like American consumers.
In order to make it more convenient for users, Circle cooperates with Apple. In the iOS 10 system, Apple’s iMessage supports users to use Circle’s Bitcoin payment system. Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire said:
“Consumers will benefit from iMessage allowing payment services to be connected. It would be difficult to install an APP alone for payment, and it would be difficult to share it with friends. Transfer payments between places also require a complex setup process, but directly connecting to the iMessage service is much simpler.”
On September 13, 2016, Circle announced that users can pay to anyone in the world through iMessage. people.
The advantages of blockchain in cross-border payments: low cost, real-time transactions, and high security.
Smart Bills—Application Case:
Complex Beauty Blockchain Bill Project Bills and blockchain technology can be well combined. After adopting the decentralized distributed ledger of blockchain, it has changed the current situation. Some system storage and transmission structures have established a more secure operating mode to solve the problem of counterfeit bills.
The process of the bill from its creation to its demise is completely reflected through the timestamp. Its history can be traced, which makes this model have a new continuous endorsement mechanism and truly reflects the transfer process of the rights of the bill.
The domestic Hangzhou Complex Beauty Blockchain Research Center has also initially developed an open source project for a blockchain lending bill exchange based on Ethereum, which integrates multiple segments such as finance, catering, business management, and express delivery tracking. The concept of applying blockchain technology in the field. As shown in the figure, the open source project of the Complex American Blockchain Network Lending Exchange is an online lending exchange that applies blockchain technology and can complete online transactions claiming to be 150,000 per second with no handling fees.
Blockchain-based bill business has four advantages:
From the perspective of moral hazard, "one vote sells more" in paper bills and the payment and endorsement in electronic bills are not synchronized from time to time. However, due to the non-tamperable timestamp and the publicity of the entire network, the blockchain will not cause any defaults once the transaction is made, regardless of whether it is a paper ticket or an electronic ticket.
From the perspective of operational risks, since the electronic bill system is operated in a centralized manner, once there is a problem with the central server, it will have catastrophic consequences for the entire market. At the same time, the access to corporate online banking will transfer more risks to Regarding the bank’s own network security issues, the entire chain of risks will become longer and longer. With the help of distributed high fault tolerance and asymmetric encryption algorithms in the blockchain, the risk caused by human operations will be almost zero.
From the perspective of credit risk, the collection and assessment of the credit of all participants can be achieved with the help of blockchain data, and real-time control can be carried out.
From the perspective of market risk, a large number of asset mismatches in the intermediary market not only lead to their own losses, but also tie up the interests of banks. With the programmability of blockchain, not only can the balance of participants' assets and liabilities be effectively controlled, , and can also rely on the characteristics of data transparency to promote the authenticity of the entire market transaction price response to capital demand, thereby forming a more realistic price index, which is conducive to controlling market risks.
Bank settlement - application case: VISA
Bank settlement refers to the act of collection and payment through the transfer of funds from bank accounts, that is, the bank accepts the entrustment of the customer to collect and pay on behalf of the customer, and transfers the money from the deposit account of the paying unit , transferred to the deposit account of the receiving unit to complete the settlement of claims and debts between customers or the allocation of funds. In this process, banks serve as both a medium for commodity exchange and an intermediary for clearing funds in social and economic activities.
Unlike domestic banks, which mainly rely on the difference between deposits and loans to make profits, half of the profits of multinational banks come from intermediary settlement business. For them, if they open up new business areas and reasonably reduce settlement costs, it is directly related to their fundamentals. .
VISA is the world's largest credit card company. There is no doubt that the rise of digital cryptocurrency will inevitably have an impact on its credit card payment business. However, VISA has not always been resistant to electronic currency and blockchain, but has adopted an open attitude.
October 2015, VISAIt has launched a “proof of concept” project with DocuSign to use the Bitcoin blockchain to record and store car rental data. The project combines DocuSign’s digital transaction management (DTM) platform and electronic signature solutions with VISA’s secure payment technology. It allows consumers to configure rental, insurance and other daily purchases in the car, such as parking fees and tolls, and users can pay directly with VISA cards.
Peripheral applications do not satisfy VISA. In the same year, VISA cooperated with Coinbase to launch the first Bitcoin debit card that can be used in the United States. On November 30, at the UnBound conference in London, the VISA European Innovation Lab demonstrated a "proof of concept" remittance application through which people can remit money on the Bitcoin blockchain.
In September 2016, VISA launched Interbit, an inter-bank settlement and payment system based on blockchain technology in cooperation with digital payment startup BTL Group, to evaluate whether blockchain technology can facilitate international transfers between banks. Reduce costs, settlement time and credit risk.
A series of major actions in the past two years can be seen: VISA has begun to realize the value of blockchain technology and is working hard to make blockchain technology a powerful tool to expand its sphere of influence.
The advantages of blockchain in bank settlement: safe, convenient and intelligent.
In addition to using blockchain technology to transform existing businesses, major banks around the world have also launched their own encrypted digital currency plans to reduce their operating costs.
Advantages of blockchain in banking digital currency: reducing costs.
2. Securities investment market application
Securities trading - application case: Linq
The securities trading market is an important application field of blockchain. The application of blockchain technology can not only speed up clearing and settlement, but also reduce the number of books that financial institutions need to maintain and ensure more accurate audit trails.
NASDAQ is the earliest pioneer in the securities exchange market. In the second half of 2015, it launched Linq, a trading platform based on Bitcoin trading technology for trading of primary market companies. As shown in the figure below, Linq can record equity transactions before a company's IPO. It can track corporate equity transactions, shareholder and investor information, etc., and is very valuable for asset analysis in the private equity market.
Fredrik Voss, head of blockchain strategy at Nasdaq, is convinced that the high efficiency provided by blockchain technology will greatly enhance Linq’s advantages as a private equity trading platform. . So far, there is no technology that can really get people away from paper work, and blockchain technology will make it a big step forward and will significantly reduce the cost compared to manual processing.Less chance of mistakes.
The advantages of blockchain in securities transactions: speed up settlement, simplify accounts, and facilitate tracking and auditing.
Equity Crowdfunding - Application Case: Xiaoyi
Funding has always been a gap between creative ideas and entrepreneurship, and it was this gap that gave birth to the world's first crowdfunding platform - Kickstarter. The way Kickstarter works is a typical platform business model, where users on one side are people who are eager to create and create, and on the other side are people who have some funds and are willing to fund new ideas. Both parties share the same desire. They all hope that new ideas will become reality and achieve continuous promotion.
Crowdfunding platforms based on blockchain technology can raise funds by creating their own digital cryptocurrency or digital assets, and by distributing their own "digital equity" to early backers, investors receive support for startups. Certificate of shares.
Blockchain crowdfunding platforms usually have a three-layer structure:
The lowest layer is the blockchain network, which builds a decentralized distributed ledger;
The middle layer is business logic Combined with the blockchain, we jointly establish an account center, equity registration, equity certificates, equity transactions, equity management and other functions;
The top layer provides services to customers of various crowdfunding platforms.
In China, Xiaoyi is the first company to use blockchain technology to register company equity. Although this is an innovation, it is not easy to achieve compliance with Chinese laws and connect with the physical world in terms of underlying logic and various details. After in-depth research and analysis of my country’s current legal environment, Xiaoyi has the potential to become a practical blockchain application.
Xiaoyi is a blockchain protocol based on blockchain technology that registers, issues, manages, and trades various equity shares through a peer-to-peer network. In the early stage, the equity of unlisted companies will be used as the entry point to provide digital share incentive solutions for startups and equity management solutions for equity crowdfunding companies. In the future, it will transition to tradable equity, that is, "blockchain IPO", which will gradually become blurred. The boundary between unlisted companies and listed companies.
The advantages of blockchain in equity crowdfunding: transcending time and space constraints, optimizing crowdfunding organizations, and rational distribution of equity and interests.
3. Application in the insurance industry
Policy sales - application case: Bubi Aviation Accident Insurance
Traditional aviation accident insurance has always had problems such as insurance fraud and intermediaries raising prices. As the saying goes, "The wool comes from the sheep", which is ultimately passed on to consumers. Blockchain technology can provide effective means to solve these problems.
On July 29, 2016, Bubi Blockchain cooperated with Sunshine Insurance to launch the "Blockchain + Aviation Accident Insurance Card", which is the first domestically-made mainstream financial assets to be placed on the blockchain. circulation.
Most aviation accident insurance will only pay out claims when an accident occurs on the plane, so in most cases it is not easy to detect when customers buy fake insurance.In order to prevent the purchase of "fake insurance policies", Bubi Blockchain relies on its multi-party data sharing characteristics to trace the entire process of card slips from the source to the customer. All parties can not only check the authenticity of the card slips, but also ensure that the card slips are authentic. The authenticity of the order can also facilitate subsequent processes, such as claims settlement, etc.
In order to prevent middlemen from raising prices and passing them on to consumers, aviation accident insurance cards are set up on the Bubi blockchain. Without middlemen, the price of insurance cards will drop significantly. According to data, this product can be purchased for 60 yuan per copy and can be used by 20 people. Each time, you can get aviation accident protection of up to 2 million yuan, which is equivalent to spending 3 yuan each time to get 2 million yuan of protection.
The advantages of blockchain in the insurance industry: authenticity and transparency, information security, traceability, clear claims process, and low cost.