如何用区块链的方式规避风险呢,如何用区块链的方式规避风险问题

如何用区块链的方式规避风险是当下热门话题。本文将从以下三个关键词出发，探讨如何用区块链的方式规避风险：

1. 区块链技术的安全性

区块链技术是一种分布式的记账技术，其安全性和可靠性是其最大特点。它的安全性体现在：首先，区块链技术的加密技术可以有效保护数据安全，从而减少风险；其次，区块链技术的去中心化特性可以有效防止网络攻击，从而降低风险；最后，区块链技术的共识机制可以有效防止篡改，从而降低风险。

2. 区块链的可追溯性

区块链的可追溯性是其最大优势之一。可追溯性可以有效防止数据被篡改，从而有效降低风险。此外，区块链的可追溯性还可以有效检测和跟踪风险源，从而有效降低风险。

3. 区块链的透明性

区块链的透明性是其最大优势之一。透明性可以有效防止数据被篡改，从而有效降低风险。此外，区块链的透明性还可以有效检测和跟踪风险源，从而有效降低风险。

总结而言，区块链技术的安全性、可追溯性和透明性可以有效降低风险，为企业提供一种安全、可靠、有效的风险规避方式。

A. How does blockchain technology fundamentally solve the problem of data authenticity?

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed and solved the problem in the following ways:
First of all , using all data chains in the blockchain for prediction and analysis, regulatory authorities can promptly discover and prevent possible systemic risks. The decentralized characteristics of the blockchain can eliminate information islands in big data risk control, and use information to Share and improve risk control.

Secondly, the distributed database of blockchain can improve the problem of poor data quality in big data risk control, resulting in diversified data formats, fragmented data forms, missing valid data, and incomplete data content. The problem is solved.

Finally, blockchain can prevent data leakage issues. Since the blockchain database is a decentralized database, any node's operation on the data will be discovered by other nodes, thus strengthening the monitoring of data leakage.

B. How Yibaoquan uses blockchain technology to protect data security

Yibaoquan is the first in China to use blockchain technology for electronic data solidification and storage, and has been recognized by judicial authorities An electronic data storage and security institution, it has been committed to the technology research and development and innovative applications of blockchain since 2013, innovating the "blockchain + judicial + application" model and creating four major trusted blockchain basic applications and alliance areas. Blockchain "security chain open platform".
Use technologies such as blockchain, digital signatures, timestamps, encryption algorithms, and consensus algorithms to firmly build a data security base in terms of technical protection, management operations, and application practices, making data storage and interaction safer.
Ebaoquan connects with many authoritative CA institutions in China, allowing the platform to be directly connected to the CA system, providing users with "trusted digital identity services", using "face recognition, mobile phone number, bank card three elements" and other Identity authentication method provides digital trusted identity proof for each virtual account ID.
At the same time, it combines a variety of will authentication methods such as "signed password, SMS verification code, face recognition" to ensure that all operations of organizations and individuals in the system are supported by real identities and are based on true intentions, better It avoids risks such as account ID leakage, data leakage, and information misuse, and ensures that every piece of data information is authentic and trustworthy.
Since its establishment, Yibaoquan has attached great importance to the management and protection of user data security and privacy. When uploading to the chain, Yibaoquan uses technologies such as timestamps, encryption algorithms, and consensus algorithms to ensure the integrity of the data. and originality; after being uploaded to the chain, the "preservation chain" is used to solidify the electronic data and store it in various judicial nodes from the moment it is generated. Multiple parties back up the evidence to ensure that ordinary electronic data is upgraded to electronic evidence recognized by the judiciary, and Official verification can be carried out in real time at authoritative institutions to protect every piece of data on the chain so that rights and interests are not infringed upon.
Based on the principles of security, compliance, and privacy, and under the strict supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Cyberspace Administration of China and other competent authorities, Yibaoquan provides users with secure and trustworthy blockchain electronic products that comply with legal and regulatory requirements.Data storage and preservation services can be deeply integrated with electronic contracts, copyright protection, judicial services and other fields to ensure that the entire process of each electronic data of the user can be recorded, the entire process can be traced, the entire data can be verified, and the entire link can be trusted to provide evidence.
In terms of qualification certification, Yibaoquan has obtained the Ministry of Public Security Level 3 certification, ISO27001 certification, ISO9001 certification, and has been registered for information services by the National Cyberspace Administration of China for the fourth time. It is also the 2018 Industrial Internet Pilot Demonstration Project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the only regional Blockchain selected enterprise), blockchain technology and qualifications are highly recognized by the country.

C. Security rules of blockchain

Security rules of blockchain, the first rule:
Storage is everything
A person’s property ownership and security property, fundamentally depends on how the property is stored and the right to define it. In the Internet world, massive user data is stored on the platform's servers. Therefore, the ownership of this data is still a mystery. Just like who owns your and my social IDs, it is difficult to determine, but user data assets have pushed up The market value of the platform, but as a user, does not enjoy the market value dividend. The blockchain world has led to changes in storage media and methods, allowing the ownership of assets to be delivered to individuals.
Extended information
The risks faced by the blockchain system are not only attacks from external entities, but also attacks from internal participants, as well as component failures, such as software failures. Therefore, before implementation, it is necessary to develop a risk model and identify special security requirements to ensure an accurate grasp of risks and response plans.
1. Security features unique to blockchain technology
● (1) Security of written data
Under the action of the consensus mechanism, only when most nodes (or multiple key nodes) in the entire network When everyone agrees that the record is correct at the same time, the authenticity of the record can be recognized by the entire network, and the record data is allowed to be written into the block.
● (2) Security of reading data
Blockchain does not have inherent security restrictions on information reading, but it can control information reading to a certain extent, such as encrypting certain elements on the blockchain, The key is then handed over to the relevant participants. At the same time, the complex consensus protocol ensures that everyone in the system sees the same ledger, which is an important means to prevent double payments.
● (3) Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS)
Attack Resistance Blockchain’s distributed architecture gives it point-to-point, multi-redundant characteristics, and there is no single point of failure, so it is more resistant to denial of service attacks. The method is much more flexible than a centralized system. Even if one node fails, other nodes are not affected, and users connected to the failed node cannot connect to the system unless there is a mechanism to support them to connect to other nodes.
2. Security challenges and response strategies faced by blockchain technology
● (1) The network is open and undefended
For public chain networks, all data is transmitted on the public network, and all nodes joining the network Can connect to other nodes and accept connections from other nodes without any obstacles, at the network layerThere is no authentication or other protection. The response to this type of risk is to require greater privacy and carefully control network connections. For industries with higher security, such as the financial industry, it is advisable to use dedicated lines to access the blockchain network, authenticate the accessed connections, exclude unauthorized node access to avoid data leakage, and pass the protocol stack level firewall Security protection to prevent network attacks.
● (2) Privacy
Transaction data on the public chain are visible to the entire network, and the public can track these transactions. Anyone can draw conclusions about something by observing the blockchain, which is not conducive to the legal privacy of individuals or institutions. Protect. The response strategies for this type of risk are:
First, the certification agency acts as an agent for users to conduct transactions on the blockchain, and user information and personal behaviors do not enter the blockchain.
Second, instead of using a network-wide broadcast method, the transmission of transaction data is limited to nodes that are conducting relevant transactions.
Third, access to user data is controlled by permissions, so only visitors holding the key can decrypt and access the data.
Fourth, use privacy protection algorithms such as "zero-knowledge proof" to avoid privacy exposure.
● (3) Computing power
Blockchain solutions using proof-of-work are faced with the problem of 51% computing power attack. With the gradual concentration of computing power, it is objectively possible that organizations that control more than 50% of the computing power will emerge. Without improvement, it cannot be ruled out that it will gradually evolve into the law of the jungle where the jungle prevails. The response strategy for this type of risk is to use a combination of algorithms and realistic constraints, such as joint management and control using asset mortgages, legal and regulatory means, etc.

D. How to ensure safe use of blockchain

One of the characteristics of blockchain projects (especially public chains) is open source. Open source code improves the credibility of the project and allows more people to participate. But the openness of source code also makes it easier for attackers to attack the blockchain system. There have been many hacker attacks in the past two years. Recently, the anonymous currency Verge (XVG) has been attacked again. The attacker has locked a vulnerability in the XVG code, which allows malicious miners to add false times to blocks. After stamping, new blocks were quickly mined, and nearly US$1.75 million worth of digital currency was obtained in just a few hours. Although the attack was successfully stopped, no one can guarantee whether the attacker will attack again in the future.

Of course, blockchain developers can also take some measures

The first is to use professional code audit services,

The second is to understand safe coding standards, Nip problems in the bud.

Security of cryptographic algorithms

With the development of quantum computers, it will bring major security threats to the cryptographic systems currently used. Blockchain mainly relies on the elliptic curve public key encryption algorithm to generate digital signatures for secure transactions. Currently, the most commonly used ECDSA, RSA, DSA, etc. cannot withstand quantum attacks in theory.There will be greater risks, and more and more researchers are paying attention to cryptographic algorithms that can resist quantum attacks.

Of course, in addition to changing the algorithm, there is another way to improve security:

Refer to Bitcoin’s handling of public key addresses to reduce the risk of public key leaks. Potential risks. As a user, especially a Bitcoin user, the balance after each transaction is stored in a new address to ensure that the public key of the address where Bitcoin funds are stored is not leaked.

Security of the consensus mechanism

The current consensus mechanisms include Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), and Delegated Proof of Stake (PoS). Proof of Stake (DPoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), etc.

PoW faces 51% attack problem. Since PoW relies on computing power, when an attacker has a computing power advantage, the probability of finding a new block will be greater than that of other nodes. At this time, it has the ability to undo transactions that have already occurred. It should be noted that even in this case, the attacker can only modify his own transactions and not the transactions of other users (the attacker does not have the private keys of other users).

In PoS, an attacker can only successfully attack when he holds more than 51% of the token amount, which is more difficult than 51% of the computing power in PoW.

In PBFT, the system is safe when the number of malicious nodes is less than 1/3 of the total nodes. In general, any consensus mechanism has its conditions for establishment. As an attacker, you also need to consider that once the attack is successful, the value of the system will be reduced to zero. At this time, the attacker has nothing to do except destroy it. Get other valuable rewards.

For designers of blockchain projects, they should understand the advantages and disadvantages of each consensus mechanism, so as to choose an appropriate consensus mechanism or design a new consensus mechanism according to the needs of the scenario.

Security of smart contracts

Smart contracts have the advantages of low operating costs and low risks of human intervention. However, if there are problems with the design of smart contracts, it may cause greater consequences. loss. In June 2016, The DAO, Ethereum's most crowdfunded project, was attacked. Hackers obtained more than 3.5 million Ethereum coins, which later caused Ethereum to fork into ETH and ETC.

The measures proposed in this regard have two aspects:

The first is to conduct security audits of smart contracts,

The second is to follow the principles of safe development of smart contracts.

The security development principles of smart contracts include: be prepared for possible errors and ensure that the code can correctly handle bugs and vulnerabilities; release smart contracts with caution, do functional testing and security testing, and fully considerboundaries; keep smart contracts concise; pay attention to blockchain threat intelligence and check for updates in a timely manner; be clear about the characteristics of the blockchain, such as calling external contracts with caution.

Security of digital wallets

Digital wallets mainly have three security risks: First, design flaws. At the end of 2014, a serious random number problem (duplication of R values) caused users to lose hundreds of digital assets in a certain lottery. Second, digital wallets contain malicious code. Third, lost assets caused by loss or damage of computers and mobile phones.

There are four main countermeasures:

The first is to ensure the randomness of the private key;

The second is to verify the hash value before installing the software , ensure that the digital wallet software has not been tampered with;

The third is to use a cold wallet;

The fourth is to back up the private key.

E. How to avoid risks when investing in blockchain

The risks and returns of any investment are directly proportional. The greater the risk, the greater the return. , the key is whether you dare to participate. Of course, there are too many uncertainties in the current blockchain industry, not because of the instability of the technology, but more because of some greedy people who have evil intentions and are hard to guard against.

Let me tell you my opinion. Bitcoin is currently the most popular blockchain derivative currency, and there is no one other. Then there are all kinds of other altcoins following closely behind. If you hold some Bitcoins now, but you are short Bitcoin, this is actually equivalent to creating a risk, and you are facing this risk. In the normal way, you can hardly make a profit by shorting Bitcoin, unless you do some I have used up-and-down options to hedge risks. I have done this in Speed ​​New Europe. They are all short-term options. Long-term options are not recommended for everyone, and few platforms can do it. Bitcoin is not a two-way operation like foreign exchange, and there are opportunities for profit in both ups and downs. When you are bullish, you can buy or hold the currency. When you are bearish, you can dump the currency. When you are holding the currency, you can only hedge by buying options, so the risk is relatively higher.

According to the current Bitcoin market, if this position makes a bottom at most, it will go up and touch the upper edge of the box. To put it simply, the fluctuations in this range will increase. If you are on the sidelines, you can wait until it falls to the lower edge of the box and try to buy it. You must set a stop loss, otherwise you will be buried in confusion. If you think Bitcoin is too expensive, it is recommended to find some options to satisfy your addiction.

F. How to use blockchain to reduce enterprise risk control traceability costs

To use blockchain to reduce enterprise risk control traceability costs, blockchain technology should be considered. Based on querying relevant public information, blockchain technology can manage complex financial information of enterprises by establishing a safe and trustworthy distributed database, thereby greatly reducing the risk control and traceability costs of enterprises. Blockchain technology can help companies reduce ambiguities and doubts, thereby controlling risks more effectively and improving risk control capabilities.

G. How to prevent illegal fund-raising in the name of "blockchain"

Tips from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Central Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, and the State Administration for Market Regulation:

2. Strong deception, temptation, and concealment . They use hot concepts to create hype and fabricate numerous "high-level" theories. Some even use celebrity V's "platform" propaganda, and use airdrops of "candy" as temptations, claiming that "the value of currency only rises, not falls," "the investment cycle is short, "High returns, low risks", which is highly deceptive. In actual operations, criminals illegally make huge profits by manipulating the price trend of so-called virtual currencies behind the scenes and setting profit and withdrawal thresholds. In addition, some criminals also issue tokens in innovative forms such as ICO, IFO, and IEO, or conduct virtual currency speculation in the form of IMO under the banner of the sharing economy, which is highly concealed and deceptive.

3. There are various illegal risks. Through publicity, criminals use "static returns" (profits from currency appreciation) and "dynamic returns" (profits from offline development) as bait to attract the public to invest funds, and induce investors and development personnel to join in, constantly expanding the capital pool. , with characteristics of illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes, fraud and other illegal activities.

Such activities use "financial innovation" as a gimmick, but are essentially a Ponzi scheme of "borrowing new and repaying old", making it difficult to maintain long-term capital operations. The general public is requested to view the blockchain rationally, do not blindly believe in promises made by the public, establish correct currency concepts and investment concepts, and effectively improve risk awareness; they can actively report to relevant departments any clues about illegal crimes discovered.

Source: China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission