区块链审批系统有哪些,区块链审批系统官网

区块链审批系统是一种具有分布式记账、可追溯性和安全性的新型信息审批系统。它利用区块链技术，将传统的审批流程转变为一种可以跨越多个组织的分布式审批机制。区块链审批系统的出现，为企业提供了一种新的审批方式，可以加快审批流程，提高审批效率，保障审批过程的安全性，并且可以在多个组织之间实现审批流程的可追溯性。

本文将介绍区块链审批系统中的三个重要关键词：分布式记账、可追溯性和安全性。

分布式记账是区块链审批系统的核心技术。它利用分布式账本技术，将审批流程中的各种信息存储在多个节点之间，从而形成一个完整的记账系统，保证了审批流程的信息安全性和可靠性。分布式记账的优势在于，它可以让多个组织之间的审批流程更加高效，而且可以有效地防止数据的篡改和破坏，从而保障审批流程的安全性。

可追溯性是区块链审批系统的另一个重要技术。它利用区块链技术，实现对审批流程中的所有步骤的可追溯性，从而保证审批过程的真实性和完整性。可追溯性的优势在于，它可以让审批流程在多个组织之间实现可追溯性，并且可以有效地防止审批过程中的资料泄露和篡改，从而保障审批流程的安全性。

安全性是区块链审批系统的最重要特性。它利用加密技术，保障审批流程中的信息安全，并且可以有效地防止审批流程中的数据篡改和破坏，从而保障审批流程的安全性。安全性的优势在于，它可以让审批流程在多个组织之间实现安全性，并且可以有效地防止审批过程中的数据泄露和破坏，从而保障审批流程的安全性。

总之，区块链审批系统是一种具有分布式记账、可追溯性和安全性的新型信息审批系统，它可以加快审批流程，提高审批效率，保障审批过程的安全性，并且可以在多个组织之间实现审批流程的可追溯性。

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㈠ Zheshang Bank’s first trial of blockchain application “simplified reimbursement” helps enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency

Since the outbreak, enterprise operations have generally been severely affected, and In special times, companies need to find ways to tighten their belts, and using technology to reduce costs and increase efficiency is a wise choice.

Zheshang Bank keeps up with the new development pattern, exports technology to the outside world, improves internal management efficiency, and overcomes difficulties with enterprises. Its independently developed SaaS-based expense control software - Minimalist Reimbursement, fully utilizes the advantages of blockchain technology in data confidentiality and sharing, and achieves a multi-dimensional simplified reimbursement process, which can reduce the cost of enterprises by about 20%. Financial reimbursement work shortens the reimbursement cycle by 30%, helping enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency.

As we all know, blockchain technology is one of the most promising technologies in recent years. This shared distributed database technology is mainly used in finance, public services, information security, Internet of Things, supply chain, etc. In the field, through smart contracts, we can achieve the purpose of data openness, transparency, non-tamperability, and point-to-point transactions to improve efficiency. During the epidemic, blockchain applications that have been gradually implemented have penetrated more deeply into all aspects of work and life of enterprises and individuals based on past practice and exploration.

For example, Zheshang Bank independently developed a SaaS-based expense control software - Minimal Reimbursement. It was the first to try blockchain technology in payment and successfully used blockchain technology in Advantages in data confidentiality and sharing.

Specifically, the reimbursement business of Simplified Reimbursement automatically generates a payment list through document submission and approval, and registers the generated to-be-paid list data to the blockchain platform. The blockchain platform ensures the reliability, security and non-tamperability of the data to be paid through technologies such as digital signatures, encryption algorithms and consensus mechanisms. At the same time, customers can directly obtain the payment list data from the blockchain platform and store it in the bank-enterprise direct connection system for payment in the form of data signature, realizing the sharing of payment list data between banks and enterprises.

Not only that, based on blockchain technology, minimalist reimbursement can also build a business travel alliance chain with banks, enterprises, airlines, catering companies, etc., and realize the realization of different industries through the distributed ledger characteristics of blockchain. , data sharing between different enterprises can simplify the reimbursement process to a greater extent, and ultimately help customers improve their expense management capabilities and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

In the process of expense management, enterprises will more or less encounter problems such as blocked processes and cumbersome offline operations. The minimalist reimbursement can allow employees, financial personnel and enterprises to enjoy efficiency and convenience. It has many functional highlights, let me explain them one by one:

For employees, they no longer have to worry about advances, invoices, and reimbursements when traveling, using cars, purchasing, and dining. Minimalist reimbursement creatively opens up a model in which "employees do not advance money, do not issue invoices, and do not reimburse themselves; the enterprise has one account, one invoice, and one payment". and established a reimbursement credit system.Under the credit system, the higher the credit score, the shorter the approval time and the faster the reimbursement will arrive.

For financial personnel, minimalist reimbursement also provides financial personnel with work convenience to the greatest extent. It can be said that the functions of all-employee scanning and automatic invoice verification are the favorites of employees and finance. Among them, all-employee scanning allows employees to directly upload attachments such as invoices during the reimbursement process, so that companies do not need to set up dedicated scanning personnel or purchase scanning equipment, and the storage and retrieval of electronic materials are worry-free and convenient. At the same time, the system automatically checks, so financial personnel no longer have to worry about the authenticity of invoices.

For enterprises, minimalist reimbursement is a "data warehouse" that can provide useful information for management decisions. As a large collection of enterprise expense data, Simplified Reimbursement has massive data and can generate multi-dimensional expense analysis reports, advance booking statistical reports, input tax accounting detailed reports, employee current payment reports, etc., which can truly help enterprise management decisions.

Open banking has gradually become the direction of digital transformation for commercial banks. In recent years, Zheshang Bank has actively promoted the platform service strategy and built a comprehensive service platform of "technology + finance + industry + customers", and its internal management technology has also been gradually exported to the outside world.

It is understood that as a free cost control product provided by Zheshang Bank for strategic customers, Jiefang Reimbursement already has hundreds of thousands of individual users, and its customers cover manufacturing, service industries, commercial enterprises, financial industries, It is used in many industries such as construction, Internet, and hospitals, and is used by many large, medium, and small enterprises such as listed companies, central enterprises, and city commercial banks.

Judging from customer feedback, the use of minimalist reimbursement has been widely recognized. Taking a certain city commercial bank as an example, the original paper-based application model, unfixed business travel booking channels, and offline approval processes have all been improved through automation technology in simplified reimbursement, reducing the company's workload by more than 20%. In the reimbursement work, the reimbursement cycle has been shortened by 30%, and employee satisfaction has been greatly improved. The system's budget management module supports multi-dimensional settings, controls corporate budgets, automatically generates accounts, and various report management provides financial personnel and managers with more decision-making information.

Another example is a listed company that is troubled by tedious matters such as paper approval, invoice verification, and manual accounting. Minimalist Reimbursement uses functions such as online mobile approval, automatic invoice verification, and automatic generation of accounts by the system. The approval efficiency of leaders has been greatly improved. System automation and process reengineering have reduced the workload of basic financial work by about 40%. Finance can also report department expenses, abnormal reimbursement invoices and other matters to leaders through data reports. (Jin Wen)

㈡ Technology exploration in progress: Blockchain tests the waters for Internet financial dispute resolution

Financial digitization is replacing the traditional credit model. However, while automated credit approval brings efficiency and convenience to financial institutions, the rapidly growing number of credit transactions also puts pressure on back-end overdue dispute processing.

The collection efforts carried out by financial institutions are not effectiveHowever, when cooperating with third-party collection agencies, it is difficult to manage their standardized collections. This leads to the frequent occurrence of violent collections, which is always a problem that hangs over the heads of agencies to be solved. Blockchain technology is trying to provide solutions to the "stubborn problems" of this industry.

Smart contracts transform the entire business process

"Small amounts and decentralization" are important goals for the in-depth development of inclusive finance. However, the traditional collection model is obviously ineffective in terms of cost and operational difficulty. It cannot match the current needs of Internet finance.

In the past ten years, personal consumer credit has developed rapidly. Data from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission from 2015 to 2021 show that consumer loans have accounted for more than 20% of the total balance of RMB loans for a long time, and this proportion has shown an overall growth trend. According to the "Data on Main Regulatory Indicators of the Banking and Insurance Industry in the Fourth Quarter of 2021", at the end of the fourth quarter of 2021, the balance of non-performing loans of commercial banks was 2.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.5 billion yuan from the end of the previous quarter.

Taking the practice of communication and negotiation between attorneys and borrowers as an example, under normal circumstances, overdue borrowers with low willingness to repay have weak legal awareness, and it is not uncommon to use property transfer and other means to evade debt. Therefore, Ordinary phone calls and text messages to collect collection do not have much effect. However, after accessing the court's judicial blockchain system, parties can log in to the court website to check the loan evidence on the blockchain, which will put pressure on credit penalties for this type of borrowers, both in terms of efficiency and endorsement capabilities. . More importantly, before an overdue transaction occurs, the blockchain evidence can not be tampered with, which can have the effect of urging the entities on the chain to keep their promises in good faith.

A case disclosed by the official WeChat account of the Supreme People’s Court shows that a natural person, Yang, signed a personal agreement with Hangyin Consumer Finance Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hangyin Consumer Finance”) on the “Hangyin Finance” App. Loan Contract. Yang failed to repay the loan on time, and Hangyin Xiaojin filed a lawsuit with the court after repeated reminders. As an access party to the judicial blockchain of the Hangzhou Internet Court, the contract signed by Hangzhou Bank Consumer Finance and Yang has already been synchronized to the judicial blockchain. The objective facts were clear, and the advising judge conducted asynchronous mediation. Yang agreed to repay the money after being unable to deny it, and the case was settled within 7 days.

According to the Supreme People’s Court, in September 2018, the Hangzhou Internet Court officially launched the country’s first judicial blockchain platform. As of April 2022, the total amount of on-chain data exceeds 5.69 billion, more than 9,700 pieces of electronic evidence have been retrieved, and the dismissal rate of relevant cases exceeds 98.7%.

According to MaMa Consumer Finance, the company has currently based on its own blockchain technology, the electronic lawyer's letter automatically generated by the mediation platform and the mediation letter materials confirmed in real time by the customer's online mediation are stored on the chain. “The credibility of blockchain evidence solves the problems of difficulty in obtaining, preserving, and authenticating evidence during judicial proceedings, supports enterprises to efficiently collect non-performing assets, and can especially improve notarization, mediation, and even small-amount batch processing.Improve the efficiency of evidence storage, processing, and review in the execution of inspection and control links. ”

Cross-chain interoperability needs to be further implemented

The person in charge introduced that the current model adopted by the company is to cooperate with electronic certification service agencies licensed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to provide The consumer finance company's loan business provides full-process electronic certificate deposit services, and an electronic certificate deposit report is provided when the case is filed to prove that the whole-process data is true and has not been tampered with. "This is also a common model at present. Its advantage is that it has a wide range of adaptability and can be used in compliance with the jurisdiction. to carry out litigation or arbitration services in multiple courts or arbitration committees stipulated by the authority. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to communicate with the court and the arbitration committee in the early stage to confirm the validity of the electronic evidence storage report, and it takes time to review the electronic evidence storage report corresponding to each case when the case is filed. ”

At the same time, the above-mentioned persons in charge did not hide their expectations for emerging technologies: for judicial blockchain, consumer finance business is combined with the judicial blockchain led by the court, and overdue repayment disputes are submitted to the court for filing. At this time, consumer finance companies can directly authorize the court to access the chain to obtain information on the entire business process, effectively simplifying the evidence submission process, ensuring the authenticity of evidence, improving the effectiveness of the evidence chain and the efficiency of evidence review, and achieving rapid case filing and efficient trials. "Passed This technology enables data submission and docking, which is expected to further enhance the effective protection of personal information. ”

(iii) The first blockchain service platform within the State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company system was successfully registered

On June 7, the State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company applied for registration of the “Large Energy The "Enterprise-level Blockchain Underlying Service Platform" (hereinafter referred to as "Longneng Chain") has been submitted to the National Internet Information Office for approval after multiple reports. This service platform is the first to receive a registration number in the Gansu Electric Power System. A blockchain service platform.

For a long time, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company has implemented the State Grid Corporation’s work arrangements on building the “State Grid Chain” and has implemented the overall structure of the “State Grid Chain”. Next, we conducted in-depth research on our own core technologies in consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, cross-chain collaboration, etc., and developed a blockchain service platform suitable for the company's business applications. The blockchain service platform includes 1 platform, 3 The center supports business applications in eight major application scenarios: "energy distribution, power trading, marketing services, enterprise management, finance, material supply, data assets, and electric vehicles". According to the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" and "Network Security of the People's Republic of China" According to the Law of the People's Republic of China, blockchain information service providers engaged in blockchain information services within the territory of the People's Republic of China must conduct authentic information certification in the national blockchain information service filing management system, and the registration information shall be issued after being reviewed by the National Internet Information Office. Unify the registration number and issue a formal announcement.

The completion of the registration procedures and the successful registration are recognition of the legal compliance of the State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company's blockchain business, which is called "Long Energy Chain" Standardizing operations builds a solid “cornerstone” and supportsThe "pillars" play a positive role in guiding the subsequent development of blockchain business, and provide an authoritative reference for the industry and government agencies to dare, want to use, and be willing to use this blockchain service. Successful filing is Tongxing Intelligent Company's first step in the compliance development of its blockchain business has laid a good foundation for continued work such as expanding its blockchain business and applying for national blockchain innovation pilots.

Author: Huo Xiaoxia and Jia Yifan

㈣ BIM + blockchain, making urban construction smarter

In this article, we talk about blockchain and Integration and application in the construction industry.

Before starting the text, let me first explain the concept of BIM.

BIM (Building Information Modeling) Building information modeling. The U.S. National BIM Standard explains BIM as follows:

(1) Use digital methods to express the physical and functional characteristics of a facility.

(2) A shared knowledge resource.

(3) The process of sharing information related to this facility and providing reliable basis for all countermeasures throughout the life cycle of the facility.

(4) In different stages of the construction project, each participant embeds, extracts, updates and modifies information in the information model to support and reflect the collaborative work of their respective responsibilities.

The construction industry is one of the largest industries in the world today and will remain a key driver of world economic growth in the future.

The construction industry plays an important role in my country's national economy. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, my country's GDP in 2020 was 101 trillion yuan, of which the total output value of the construction industry was 26 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 25%.

The construction industry is an ancient industry. As early as 2,000 years ago, the ancients built magnificent projects such as the Great Wall and the pyramids of ancient Egypt. However, since its development, the overall management level and efficiency of the construction industry are still very low. The main reasons can probably be attributed to the following five points:

1) The one-time nature of the project;

2) The looseness and temporary nature of the organization;

3) The fragmentation of management;

4) The multi-party nature and inefficiency of cooperation;

5) Production Destandardization and deindustrialization of processes.

The problems caused by the above reasons are also obvious:

1) Lack of trust. Due to the one-time nature of the project, the temporary nature of the organization, and the multi-party nature of the cooperation, it brings inevitable trustAny missing.

2) Low efficiency. Due to the loose and temporary nature of the organization, the non-standardization and non-industrialization of the production process, high consumption and low efficiency, the average profit level of construction companies in the entire construction industry is only about 3%

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3) Risk controllability is weak. Due to the lack of a systematic standardized management system and fragmented management, project delays, design changes, and cost claims are inevitable for almost every project.

Domestic building informatization has gone through three stages and is currently in the third stage:

The first stage: design informatization, The "off the drawing board" project in the 1990s promoted the popularization of domestic CAD technology applications;

The second stage: enterprise information management, in 2005 computer-aided management problem solving realized the informatization of project and enterprise management;

The third stage: full life cycle informatization. In 2015, the application of BIM technology assisted the integration of full life cycle information in the construction industry.

1. Why should BIM be implemented in the construction field?

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has a detailed explanation of the significance of BIM application in the "Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Issuing Guidance Opinions on Promoting the Application of Building Information Models". The guidance points out that: BIM should be used to connect the industrial chain and industrialize construction. and provide technical support for prosperous architectural creation. In other words, BIM is the technical foundation for the industrial transformation of the construction industry.

2. What can BIM do specifically?

1) Realize data sharing among all participants in the whole life cycle of the building based on the same multi-dimensional building information model;

2) Support the engineering environment, energy consumption, economy, quality, Analysis, inspection and simulation of safety and other aspects;

3) Provide a basis for program optimization and scientific decision-making in the entire project process;

4) Support the collaborative work of various disciplines and the virtualization of the project Construction and refined management.

3. The significance of industrialization of construction

1) Industrially produced materials and prefabricated construction methods make it easier to form a standardized system to ensure product quality;

2) Most components of prefabricated buildings are completed in the factory, and the overall delivery is 30% to 50% faster than traditional buildings;

3) Prefabricated building sites are mainly dry operations, which can effectively reduce Energy consumption and environmental pollution, low carbon and environmental protection;

4) Prefabricated buildings are also more cost-effective due to their detachable characteristics.Reuse can be achieved;

5) For now, the space for reducing the cost of prefabricated construction is much higher than that of traditional buildings. The later operation and maintenance costs are lower, and the whole life cycle has greater cost advantages.

The transformation of construction industrialization has become a national strategy

In recent years, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments have successively introduced a number of important policies to promote the industrialization, digitalization, green construction, and intelligent construction of the construction industry.

In March 2021, the State Council issued the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-term Goals for 2035". The outline clearly proposes to develop intelligent construction, promote green building materials, prefabricated buildings and steel structure residences, and build low-cost Development goals of carbon cities.

4. The importance of BIM digitalization in the construction industry

Vigorously develop the industrialization, digitalization, and intelligent upgrading of construction, increase the application of intelligent construction in all aspects of engineering construction, and realize the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry It is the strategic goal of the construction industry and even the country in the past 10 to 20 years. Therefore, BIM digital technology will play a fundamental and important role in the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.

The direction of construction industrialization transformation is standardization + factoryization + assembly. BIM solves the digital integration and visualization problems in this process.

Although BIM is an indispensable technology in the industrial transformation process of the construction industry, it cannot effectively solve the problems of production relations, such as trust and efficiency between collaborative parties, and fragmented management under complex systems. And other issues.

Solving trust, collaboration, efficiency, and fragmented management under complex systems are precisely the natural advantages of blockchain technology, and can well complement BIM technology.

Therefore we say: Industrialized production (BIM support) + digital collaboration (blockchain support) + big data decision-making (AI technology) = smart construction

We consider the entire life cycle of the building It is divided into three stages: planning and design, construction, and operation and maintenance to illustrate.

1. Planning and design stage

Cross-department collaborative approval will be the main scenario for the application of blockchain technology.

The planning and design stage is characterized by many administrative supervision roles and collaborative approval procedures. The decentralized features of blockchain technology are exactly suitable for such scenarios and can greatly improve the efficiency of collaborative approval (multiple places The government has started a pilot project for a blockchain government approval system).

We assume that the regulatory units in the planning and design stage include the National Development and Reform Commission, Land and Resources, Transportation, Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Water Conservancy, etc. In addition, relevant units include construction units, planning and design and other consulting units, and they all have their names on the blockchain. respective nodes, and eachIt has its own information management system.

When the consulting unit creates the first-stage BIM conceptual model (for example, suitable for project proposals), and loads various economic indicators such as GIS information, scale, land occupation, cost, etc., the model data is uploaded to the area. Blockchain.

After the BIM conceptual model and project proposal are confirmed by the construction unit, the construction unit will initiate the approval procedures with the National Development and Reform Commission, and the blockchain smart contract will automatically initiate all review processes.

The National Development and Reform Commission accesses the BIM conceptual model on the blockchain through the key, loads the BIM model and GIS information of the surrounding infrastructure when necessary, analyzes whether the project complies with the urban development master plan and the feasibility of the project, and will review and approve it The results are uploaded to the blockchain, and the smart contract automatically sends the data file of the approval results back to the construction unit.

Similarly, the construction unit starts the land pre-examination related procedures, the smart contract is activated, and the land department accesses the BIM land occupation model on the blockchain through the key, conducts the review, and uploads the approval results to the blockchain. The smart contract sends the data file of the approval result back to the construction unit.

At the same time, any regulatory department can use the key to verify the authenticity of the approval results of the National Development and Reform Commission, Land and Resources and other departments.

As the subsequent feasibility study, preliminary design, and construction drawing design continue to improve the model, the National Development and Reform Commission, land, transportation, housing and construction and other industry regulatory authorities can access the project on the blockchain through the key at any time BIM model data can be used to monitor projects in real time for irregular design and construction.

All approval processes run automatically online, but they are no longer based on a centralized platform, but on decentralized blockchain technology, which can effectively reduce collaboration costs and improve collaboration efficiency. and ensure data privacy and security.

2. Construction stage

Similarly, we assume that construction units, supervision units and other third-party consulting agencies also have their own nodes on the blockchain and their own information systems. , then they can all access the BIM model data of the project on the blockchain through the key.

We simply divide the construction process into planning, procurement, production, acceptance, and payment. And it is assumed that the model and the WBS decomposition structure of the construction stage are in one-to-one correspondence.

· Planning link:

The contractor can prepare the plan through the Office series of Projec software or the domestic Glodon Zebra, and import the plan data file into the BIM on the blockchain Model, BIM model has 4D progress visualization attributes (such as can be displayed by InfraWorks of Autodesk series), and the data can also include resources, funds and other plans. All participating parties can use thisProject management is carried out simultaneously with BIM models.

· Procurement link:

The construction industry has a highly decentralized and complex supply chain system. The cooperation between suppliers and contractors may be temporary or one-time, so trust is relatively low. Difficult to establish, low collaboration efficiency.

Let’s first talk about how blockchain solves the trust problem in transactions.

Blockchain uses smart contracts to complete transactions. For example, for the buyer, before the transaction, the smart contract first detects whether the balance of the buyer's digital wallet (central bank digital renminbi) (or bank credit or guarantee limit) is satisfied. If the transaction object is satisfied, it will be locked. When the buyer accepts and signs for the seller's goods, the smart contract will automatically transfer the locked digital renminbi point-to-point to the seller's digital wallet.

Therefore, what the blockchain solves is not the problem of mutual trust between buyers and sellers, but trust is no longer a problem.

Sand and gravel materials are used in large quantities in construction projects, and are purchased frequently and from scattered sources. They are one of the most difficult materials to control in the building materials supply chain.

We assume that the contractor has installed a camera in the silo. The contractor's procurement system detects through the camera that the remaining material in the silo is lower than a predetermined threshold (computer vision recognition technology), and the system calls the planning data (Project If the data imported from the BIM model is found to be greater than the total capacity of the silo, the smart contract will be started to automatically complete the sand and gravel order, and the lowest price can even be selected from multiple suppliers.

Sand and gravel suppliers do not need to join any system. They only need to create their own accounts on the blockchain node to complete automated transaction collaboration with contractors.

During the transportation process, the supplier uploads the GPS location of the transportation vehicle or ship to the blockchain in real time through IOT hardware. The contractor's procurement system can track the location of the goods in real time through the key. The system can Analyze (search algorithm) whether the material delivery time has an impact on the production plan, so that the smart contract can be restarted for remediation.

The purchase batch and arrival time of each batch of materials can be written into the corresponding location of the BIM model and written into the blockchain ledger. The smart contract will remind the supervision unit to organize acceptance or acceptance according to the batch of materials arriving. Test and inspection work.

The system can free project managers from complicated orders, inquiries, and accounting processing, so they can better devote themselves to more important matters.

· Production link:

The production process is inevitably inseparable from people and equipment.

An inevitable result of industrialization is the improvement of efficiency and quality, and the process behavior quality of people and equipment will determine the formation process of product quality.

Therefore, the result-oriented construction process management in the past must turn to the industrialized process-oriented construction management. So which teams will produce each sub-project, and the construction mix ratio of each group of concrete. Parameters are monitored in real time (IOT hardware) and written to the corresponding location of the BIM model. At the same time, these data are written to the blockchain ledger, which is permanently saved and cannot be tampered with. All data in the production process should be authentic and credible.

We assume that large structures are installed by hoisting equipment. We also assume that if it is not suitable for hoisting operations in heavy rain or wind exceeding level 6, then the hoisting equipment will sense the situation through IOT hardware (or network communication). After this extreme state, the blockchain smart contract will remind on-site managers to restore the equipment to a safe state until the dangerous state is relieved.

The fuel consumption and electricity consumption of each equipment during the production process will be monitored through IOT hardware, and these data will be written into the blockchain ledger.

The blockchain smart contract automatically calculates carbon emission indicators for energy consumption (GBT 51366-2019). Once it is found that carbon emissions exceed the approved indicators, new indicators are automatically purchased in the carbon trading market.

The IOT hardware on all the production equipment mentioned above does not need to be connected to the systems of the participating parties. The participating parties only need to access the data through the keys of the equipment. Perhaps this key is designed by the device developer into a client (such as an APP), then all parties involved only need to install a client to access all data generated by the device.

· Acceptance link

We assume that the strength of the concrete construction is determined by the test equipment (IOT hardware) writing the data directly to the location corresponding to the BIM model and writing it to the blockchain ledger.

The appearance dimensions and number of steel bars of the construction may be generated by using 3D laser scanning equipment to generate point clouds and compared with the BIM design model. The percentage of honeycomb pitted surface and the acceptance accuracy can be accurately calculated according to the quality inspection and assessment standards. The accuracy, which is much higher than manual calculation, is written into the corresponding location of the BIM model and the blockchain ledger.

All personnel and data participating in the acceptance are written into the blockchain ledger and stored permanently and cannot be tampered with.

If a quality problem occurs, the ledger records on the blockchain are like a running account arranged in chronological order, starting from the current record and tracing forward. Who has accepted it? Who made it? Who transported it? Who purchased it? It’s clear who supplied it.

· Payment stage:

With the official issuance of digital renminbi and support for programmability, when digital renminbi enters the field of project payment, it can be said that every project payment The destination has been basically fixed, and they can all be in the areaWith blockchain tracking, it is impossible to misappropriate project funds. Then when the quality of the project passes the acceptance inspection and meets the conditions set by the smart contract, the point-to-point payment operation of the smart contract will be automatically triggered. No longer going through banks, it can also reduce the company's financial costs.

Therefore, according to the provisions of the capital construction procedures, projects that have not yet been funded in the future will inevitably not receive approval to start construction. For projects that have obtained approval to start construction, contractors, professional subcontractors, material suppliers and even labor personnel will no longer be able to No need to worry about defaulting on project payment.

When the BIM model is anchored to the physical building and turned into a digital asset, the ownership of the digital asset can flow on the blockchain.

Let’s assume that the ownership of a physical engineering component is temporarily retained in the hands of the contractor before the owner has paid the project fee. When a contractor encounters financial difficulties, it happens that the BIM digital assets on the blockchain (anchored (physical engineering components) to prove a certain future income (a project payment paid by the owner in the future), then the contractor can completely mortgage the ownership of this part of the digital asset, and the smart contract can lock the project payment paid by the future owner. The amount is used by the contractor to redeem the ownership of the digital asset.

3. Operation and maintenance phase

A good scenario in the operation and maintenance phase is the intelligent interaction between devices.

We assume that an unmanned patrol car discovers a defect in the asphalt pavement on the highway through the computer vision recognition system, triggers a smart contract to start another asphalt pavement maintenance vehicle, and this maintenance vehicle also uses smart The contract automatically places an order to purchase the required asphalt mixture repair materials, and automatically drives to the defective location to complete the repair, with little or no human intervention in the process.

In summary, blockchain technology + BIM can better realize smart construction. In turn, the BIM model can be used as a data dashboard for blockchain technology. With the continuous emergence of IOT hardware ( Especially in the operation and maintenance stage), with the continuous filling of data, the continuous refreshing of models, the dimensions becoming more and more full, what you see is what you get, blockchain + BIM will become a smarter smart construction decision-making system.

In the article, we listed some applications in the three stages of planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance. However, the actual application scenarios are far more than these examples. These examples only serve as a point-to-point discussion.

All the technologies mentioned in the article are existing or already implemented functions (such as blockchain government systems, supply chain tracking, quality traceability, etc.). What is lacking is just the integration of these technologies. It seems that blockchain technology is not originally a new technology, but a combination of distributed storage, asymmetric encryption, consensus algorithms and other existing computer technologies.The integration of technologies resulted in this great invention.

Some people may say that BIM forward design has not yet become popular in my country’s construction industry, and 4D and 5D digital construction management based on BIM have only begun to become popular. At this time, we should explore the smart construction of blockchain technology + BIM Is it too early?

What I want to say is,

The concept of BIM was proposed as early as 1975 by Dr. Chuck Eastman of Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States. In 2002, Autodesk officially proposed the BIM concept and technology. 3D visualization has developed to today's 8D concept.

Blockchain technology was also proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto as early as 2008. In addition to digital currency, it has also been widely used in other non-digital currency fields.

Just like artificial intelligence technology,

It was first proposed by computer expert John McCarthy in 1956, but it has been limited by computer technology and hardware and has stagnated until the ImageNET challenge in 2012. The accuracy of visual recognition in the game has reached more than 95%, surpassing the limits of the human eye. After breaking through the limitations of computer hardware and technology, the application of artificial intelligence technology has ushered in a big explosion. Only in recent years have we had beauty cameras, voice cameras in our mobile phones. There is a concentrated explosion of life applications such as identification and intelligent push.

Therefore, before any technology breaks out in large-scale applications, energy has been accumulating. This is a necessary process. On the one hand, it may be due to technology and hardware limitations, and another very important reason is that too few people understand and participate. Once everyone understands and masters it, this explosive power will naturally flourish.

Just like we keep blowing up a balloon, one day it will explode.

If you are also interested in blockchain applications, search the WeChat public account "Candy Chain Notes" and let's move forward together.

Is Bairong Yunchuang’s credit approval system reliable?

It is still reliable, Bairong Yunchuang’s credit The approval system combines Bairong Yunchuang's artificial intelligence, cloud computing and blockchain technology to carry out risk control and cross-checking during the credit approval process to realize the entire process of credit users from qualification review, fraud prevention to credit assessment. I feel very reliable.

㈥ How to register Heilongjiang blockchain information services

1. Blockchain information service registration system operation process
First, the applicant must provide subject information and be responsible according to the situation Personal information, service information, record required material pictures, and then submit to complete.
Waiting for review by the relevant department and reply within twenty working days.
Final officeAfter office review, you will get your registration number. Blockchain information service providers that have completed registration should display their registration number on their Internet websites, applications and other prominent locations.
2. Preparation for the blockchain information service filing period
1. Material preparation: Prepare personal certificates/information related to the enterprise, such as electronic attachments to the business license, ICP filing information, enterprise product introduction, company Official seal and material authenticity statement document (provided by the official website in the attachment).
2. The blockchain information service subject who registers the filing information for the first time needs to register with a real name, fill in the name, mobile phone number, email and other information, and set a password before filling in the filing information.
3. Blockchain information service registration content
It is necessary to submit the application subject information, person in charge information and service information:
(1) Applicant information
Applicants are divided into individuals and mechanism. Both of the required contents include: registration place (detailed address), signing the authenticity certificate of the material according to the template provided by the filing system and uploading the scanned copy; if there is a website, the URL of the homepage of the website must be provided.
1. Individual
Individuals need to submit their name, ID number, ID address, detailed mailing address, and upload a scanned copy of their ID card.
2. Institution
The institution needs to submit the name of the unit, unified social credit code, certificate address, detailed mailing address, and upload a scanned copy of the business license.
(2) Person in charge information
This part requires the submission of name, office phone number, ID card, ID number, mobile phone number, email address and scanned copy of ID card. Contact information, ensure that the contact information is true and valid, and it is an institutional legal person.
(3) Service information
Information is the main content of the archive.
1. Basic service information
The basic information required for the service includes service name, website name, URL/client name, official account name, service description, whether the information service management agency is available, and the information before starting operation information.
If the website content requires publishing, news and other related fields, you need to go to the relevant competent province to apply for pre-approval documents, please select "Items requiring pre-approval", and you must upload a scanned copy of the pre-authorization certificate; otherwise, please select "Any of the above".
When the service person in charge and the host are the same, please check whether the service person in charge and the host are different, and please fill in the name and contact information of the service person in charge.
Use the "Filing Status Query" option to check the approval status of the submitted filing application, such as failed, under approval, passed, or failed. After the review is completed, the filing system will send notifications in the form of text messages and emails, and the filing subject can log in to the official website to view the review results. If approved, a record number will be issued. If the review fails, the reasons will be explained.
2. Service content
Service content is divided into three categories: infrastructure providers, application operation providers and technology providers.
Any service content must be submittedSupported main chain names. The notification system provides a drop-down box listing the main mainstream chains, which is optional. If the name of the chain you want to submit is not in the drop-down list, add the main chain you want to check.
(1) Infrastructure provider
Currently, the infrastructure provider service type options provided by the registration system include "mining pool, cloud mining and node information", and multiple selections are possible.
The aforementioned provider needs to check the service type and fill in the name of the main chain.
(2) Application Operator
Currently, the application operator service type options provided by the filing system include "wallet, blockchain transaction query browser, and others", and multiple selections are possible.
The aforementioned providers are required to check the service type and fill in the name of the main chain. Among them, the blockchain transaction query browser also needs to fill in the URL, annual cumulative visits, average daily visits in the past three months, server IP address, and server deployment location.
(3) Technology provider
Currently, the technology provider service type options provided by the filing system include "Baas and others", and multiple selections are possible.
The above provider needs to check the service type and fill in the main chain name. Among them, the blockchain Y query browser also needs to fill in the URL, annual cumulative visits, average daily visits in the past three months, server IP address, and server deployment location.
All the above providers need to check the service type and fill in the chain name. Among them, baas information service providers must submit information such as whether to provide service quantity, service object enumeration, software and hardware separation, cloud service qualifications, computer room location and other information. Other information service providers must also submit. Upload services, service quantities, open source, source code and technical white papers/documents.
The "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" (hereinafter referred to as the "Management Regulations") issued by relevant departments should be filed online on information service platforms such as websites. The formal implementation of the Regulations marks the beginning of China’s formal supervision of blockchain information services. For practitioners related to information services, filing means that there are laws to follow, preventing those who have not filed from being blocked. It is reported that some suspicious unregistered websites have been blocked, and service providers should initiate applications as soon as possible.

㈦ What are the blockchain system development platforms?

How many stages are blockchains divided into?

There are 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 blockchains. The digital currency based on Bitcoin is Blockchain 1.0; the smart contract platform based on Ethernet is Blockchain 2.0; the application scenarios and platforms of high-performance blockchain are Blockchain 3.0. A simple summary is that 1.0 is mining and currency speculation; 2.0 is ICO and currency issuance; 3.0 is the implementation of the project. Real implementation projects are still far away from us. Most projects use the 2.0 stage as the entry point for industry solutions. The combination of blockchain and industry allows blockchain to be applied in a certain industry.

What is considered a qualified blockchain project?

Potential blockchain projects have different evaluation criteria and different periods. The explosion of digital currencies in 2017 was mainly due to the promotion of ICO and Ethereum smart contracts. In the past, projects that could meet these two conditions were considered good. Now the measurement standard for projects is:

(1) There are application scenarios. The project itself has a team, goals, and real-life scenario applications. Because some teams or companies are not suitable for blockchain applications, it is relatively blunt to establish a connection between the two.

(2) Multiple parties participating in the blockchain can generate transactions

(3) The blockchain has a large number of communities and users. To sum up, good blockchain projects can be put into practice.

For details, please refer to the case of Henan Keduoduo Information Technology Co., Ltd.