区块链分几种链,区块链几种类型

区块链技术是一种分布式记账技术，可以记录所有交易数据，并且可以实现自动化、去中心化、安全可靠的记账服务。它有几种不同的链，比如公有链、联盟链和私有链。它也有几种不同的类型，比如公有链、联盟链和私有链。下面，我们就来介绍公有链、联盟链和私有链三种区块链类型。

公有链是一种完全开放的区块链，它的网络中的节点可以任意加入和离开，节点之间的交易是完全匿名的，没有任何中心机构可以控制或管理它。它的特点是拥有高度安全性，它是一种去中心化的网络，可以被任何人加入，因此它可以更好地保护用户的隐私和安全。

联盟链是一种类似公有链的区块链，但它受到一群机构或公司的控制，只有被认可的参与者才能加入这个网络。它的特点是拥有高可操作性，因为它是一种有中心化的网络，只有被认可的参与者才能加入，因此它可以更好地保证网络的安全性和可操作性。

私有链是一种完全封闭的区块链，它受到一个组织或公司的控制，只有被认可的参与者才能加入这个网络。它的特点是拥有高度安全性，因为它是一种封闭的网络，只有被认可的参与者才能加入，因此它可以更好地保护用户的隐私和安全。

总之，公有链、联盟链和私有链是区块链技术的三种不同类型，它们各自具有不同的特点和优势，可以满足不同的应用场景。

Ⅰ The classification of blockchain does not include

Excluding alliance chains. Blockchains are divided into three categories. The first is the public chain, which refers to A blockchain like the Bitcoin blockchain that is completely decentralized and not controlled by any institution. Any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain. Anyone can Participate in its consensus process.

The second one is the alliance chain. The so-called alliance chain refers to a group that designates multiple pre-selected nodes as bookkeepers. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all the pre-selected nodes. Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but are not involved in the accounting process. Anyone else can make limited inquiries through the open API of the blockchain.

The third is private chain, which refers to the use of distributed accounting within a company or unit. We see that these three classifications are actually classified according to the form of the management center.

Blockchain Characteristics

1. Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

2. Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.

II Classification of Blockchain

Currently, blockchain is divided into three categories, among which hybrid blockchain and private blockchain can be regarded as: generalized private chain, public block chain public blockchain. This means that any individual or group in the world can send transactions, the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Public blockchain is currently the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. Each virtual digital currency of the Bitcoin series is based on a public blockchain, and there is only one blockchain in the world corresponding to this currency.
Extended information
1. Industrial blockchain industry blockchains: multiple pre-selected nodes in the group are designated as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), others Access nodes can participate in transactions but do not interfere with the accounting process (essentially, it is managed bookkeeping, but it becomes distributed bookkeeping). How many pre-selected nodes and how to determine the bookkeeper for each block become the main risk points of the blockchain ), anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API. Private Blockchain Private Blockchain ((privateblockchains)): Only the general ledger technology of the blockchain is used for accounting. It can be a blockchain with exclusive written permission from a company or individual. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (December 2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to try private blockchains, while the applications of public chains, such as Bitcoin, have been industrialized, and the application products of private chains are still being explored. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Essentially, it is a decentralized database.
2. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks associated with encryption methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. In fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English Bitcoin white paper, but appears in blockchain. In the earliest Bitcoin white paper, blockchain was translated as blockchain. This is the time when the Chinese word "blockchain" first appeared. The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which came into effect on February 15, 2019. In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order, and a tamper-proof and forgery-proof distributed ledger guaranteed by cryptography. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses blockchain data structures to verify and store data, distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access, using smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data.

Ⅲ Chain classification of blockchain

Two days ago, a friend asked a lot of questions about blockchain on WeChat. One of the questions was about blockchain. How to classify this chain. Blockchain can currently be divided into four categories: public chain, private chain, alliance chain and side chain. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain outsourcing development company, welcomes discussions for cooperation. The following will help you understand the characteristics of these blockchain chains and how to apply them. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Public chain - everyone can participate

Public chain means that anyone can read it, anyone can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed A blockchain in which anyone can participate in the consensus process.

The public chain adopts the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), proof-of-stake mechanism (POS), and share authorization proof mechanism (DPOS), and combines economic rewards and encrypted digital verification. And establish a principle that the economic rewards that each person can obtain are proportional to the workload. TheseBlockchain is often considered to be completely decentralized.

Features:

1. Open source, because the operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, this system is an open source system; 2. Protect users from the influence of developers, in the public domain Program developers in the chain have no right to interfere with users, so the blockchain can protect users who use the programs they develop; 3. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical capabilities can access it, that is, as long as there is a computer that can connect to the Internet Computers can meet the access conditions; 4. All data is public by default, although all associated participants hide their true identities. This phenomenon is very common. They generate their own security through their public nature, where every participant can see all account balances and all their transaction activity.

Case: There are many familiar figures in the public chain: BTC, ETH, EOS, AE, ADA, etc.

2. Private chain - rights are in the hands of a few people

A private chain refers to a blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read permissions are either open to the public or arbitrarily restricted. Relevant applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases it is desirable to have public auditability, in many cases public readability is not necessary.

Features:

1. Fast transaction speed. The transaction speed of a private chain can be faster than any other blockchain, or even close to not being a blockchain. the speed of a conventional database. This is because even a small number of nodes have a high degree of trust, and each node does not need to verify a transaction. 2. Good privacy, giving better privacy protection The private chain makes the data privacy policy on that blockchain exactly the same as in another database; there is no need to deal with access permissions and use all the old methods, but at least it says , this data is not publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. 3. Low transaction costs. Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero. Transactions can be carried out completely free or at least very cheaply on the private chain. If one entity controlled and processed all transactions, they would no longer need to charge fees for their work.

Case: The Linux Foundation, R3CEV Corda platform, and Gem Health network’s Hyperledger project are either developing or using private chains.

3. Alliance chain - partial decentralization

The degree of openness and decentralization of the alliance chain is limited. The participants are screened out in advance or directly designated. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be like writing.Access permissions are also limited to system participants.

Features:

1. Low transaction costs, transactions only need to be verified by a few trusted high-computing nodes without the need for confirmation by the entire network; 2. Nodes Easy to connect, if something goes wrong, the consortium chain can be quickly repaired through manual intervention, and allows the use of consensus algorithms to reduce block times, thereby completing transactions faster; 3. Flexible, if necessary, run a private blockchain community or Companies can easily modify the rules of this blockchain, revert transactions, modify balances, etc.

Case: Ripple has established an alliance chain for international remittances between Japan and South Korea and inter-bank remittances in Japan. At the same time, Xunlei Link, which has been popular for a while, is also a semi-open alliance chain.

4. Side chain - extended protocol

Strictly speaking, "side chain" is not a blockchain itself, but can be understood as an extension of the blockchain. Protocol. The early "side chain" was to solve the limitations of Bitcoin blockchain technology. Side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. Side chains Completely independent of the Bitcoin blockchain, but the two ledgers can "interoperate" and interact.

Features:

1. Independence, side chain The advantage of the architecture is that the code and data are independent, which does not increase the burden on the main chain and avoid excessive data expansion. The side chain has an independent blockchain, an independent trustee or witness, and an independent node network, that is, a The blocks generated by the side chain will only be broadcast among all nodes where the side chain is installed. 2. Flexibility. All blockchain parameters of the side chain can be customized, such as block intervals and block rewards. , the whereabouts of transaction fees, etc., advanced users can also modify the consensus algorithm.

Case: LSK, RDN, ARDR and other currencies use side chain technology.

For the current In the entire digital currency field, this year may still be a competition for the underlying public chain projects. The reason is that the current public chain as the infrastructure of the blockchain still has obvious shortcomings, and it is still unable to achieve true security, reliability and efficiency. This is also It obviously restricts the development of the entire blockchain industry.

IV What are the classifications of blockchain and what is the structure of the blockchain

The concept of blockchain has been around recently. It can be said to be quite popular. It comes from the implementation of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, but now this technology has been gradually used in various fields. So do you know what the classifications of blockchain are? What is the structure of a blockchain? Let’s learn about Follow us to learn more.
What are the classifications of blockchain?
1. Public Blockchain (PublicBlockChains)
Public Blockchain refers to:Any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain, and it is also the most widely used blockchain at present. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is one and only one corresponding to this currency in the world. Blockchain.
2. Consortium (Industry) Blockchain (ConsortiumBlockChains)
Industry Blockchain: Multiple preselected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly performed by all preselected nodes. Decision (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (essentially still managed accounting, but become distributed accounting, how many slag points are pre-selected, how to decide each The bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), and anyone else can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.
3. Private Blockchain (privateBlockChains)
Private Blockchain: Only uses the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and has exclusive access to the writing of the blockchain. With access permissions, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (Dec2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.
4. Sidechain (Sidechain)
Sidechain is a blockchain used to confirm data from other blockchains. Through the two-way peg (TwoWayPeg) mechanism, various assets such as Bitcoin and Ripple coins can be Transfers are realized on different blockchains at a certain exchange rate.
What is the structure of blockchain?
1. Basic network layer: The basic network layer consists of a data layer and a network layer. The data layer includes underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, Data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism, etc.
2. Intermediate protocol layer: The intermediate protocol layer consists of a consensus layer, an incentive layer, and a contract layer. The consensus layer mainly includes various consensus algorithms of network nodes; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system. , mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable features of the blockchain.
3. Extension layer: This layer is similar to a computer driver and is designed to make blockchain products more practical. There are currently two categories. One is various trading markets, which are important channels for exchanging fiat currencies for cryptocurrency. They are simple to implement, get money quickly, and have low costs, but the risks are also high. The second is the expansion implementation in a certain direction. For example, based on the Yishu side chain, it can provide customized services for third-party publishing organizations, forum websites and other content producers.
4. Application service layer: The application service layer serves as the blockchain industry chainThe most important link includes various application scenarios and cases of blockchain, including programmable currency, programmable finance and programmable society.
The above are the blockchain classifications brought to you by the editor? What is the structure of blockchain? all content.

IV What are the common basic types of blockchains

Common blockchain types include public chains, private chains, alliance chains, permissioned chains, hybrid chains, complex chains and others Some sayings.

Public chain: The so-called public chain is a block in which anyone can read and send transactions, and the transactions can receive relevant and effective confirmation, and everyone can participate in the consensus process. Chain, the consensus process determines which blocks can be added to the blockchain, while clarifying the current state.

The public chain has the following characteristics:

1. It can protect users from the influence of developers. In the public chain, program developers have no right to interfere with users, and the blockchain can protect users.

2. The threshold for access is low. Anyone can access the public chain, and only a computer that can connect to the Internet is needed to meet the most basic access conditions.

3. All data is public by default. In the public chain, every participant can see all transaction records in the entire distributed ledger.

Other explanations: In the classification of blockchain, in addition to the ones mentioned above, there are also several other explanations: permissioned chain, hybrid chain and complex chain. .

Permissioned chain refers to a blockchain system in which each node requires special permission to join. Both private chains and consortium chains are permissioned chains. With the continuous popularization of blockchain technology, the technical architecture of blockchain is no longer simply divided into private chains and public chains, and the boundaries between the two are becoming increasingly blurred. Against this background, the concepts of complex chains and hybrid chains were born.

Ⅵ The classification of blockchain according to the network includes

Legal analysis: The classification of blockchain according to the scope of the network includes public chain, alliance chain and private chain, as follows: < p>1. Public chain: It mainly refers to a setting deployed within the Internet. There is no special permission setting, and there are no other conditions for login. Anyone can directly download the node and use it. You can also directly connect to a node through a client. There are no restrictions, and the data in it can also be accessed arbitrarily;

2. Alliance chain: It is an alliance network composed of several node members. , this type is mainly used in business environments, such as between multiple businesses, government affairs, banking, taxation, etc. They can jointly form an alliance to serve a specific scenario, such as enterprises An alliance network can be formed with its customers, suppliers, etc. Compared with the public chain, the alliance chain generally has an identity authentication, and not everyone can directly connect to the alliance chain. This network has aPersonal identity authentication, and also has more protection for data;

3. Private chain: more within the enterprise, such as a group enterprise, between its various departments, and between its subsidiaries , from this perspective, one of the main differences between these three types is the difference in network deployment based on different application scenarios and the distribution range of a network. It is a flexible concept. Among the three, The time is a division based on different network ranges and application scenarios, and is not a strict definition.

Legal basis: "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China"

Article 1 is to ensure network security, safeguard cyberspace sovereignty and national security, and social and public interests, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and promote the economy This law is formulated for the healthy development of social informatization.

Article 2 This Law shall apply to the construction, operation, maintenance and use of networks within the territory of the People's Republic of China, as well as the supervision and management of network security.

VII What is the difference between blockchain and public chain, private chain and alliance chain?

Blockchain is strictly defined into three types: public chain, private chain and alliance chain. The core difference between these three types of blockchains is the degree of openness of access rights, or the degree of decentralization. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of decentralization, trust and security, the lower the transaction efficiency.

In general, each type of blockchain has its own specific model and value. It cannot be said which one is better. As long as whoever solves the needs is valuable.

Ⅷ What are the chains in the blockchain?

Let’s learn about what chains are in the blockchain, let’s go.

1. Public Blockchain

A blockchain open to everyone and anyone can participate.

@Bitcoin is the representative.

The public chain is completely decentralized and not controlled by any organization. The ledger is completely open and transparent, and anyone can participate in the maintenance and data reading of the blockchain.

2. Consortium Blockchain

The nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance and are open to specific organizations or groups.

@R3CEV is the representative of the alliance chain.

The alliance chain is open to specific organizational groups, which means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes.

Features:

(1) The transaction speed is very fast;

It can achieve good connections between nodes and only requires a few The cost can maintain operation, its transaction speed is very fast, a small amountNodes also have a high degree of trust and do not need to be verified by each node.

(2) Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero;

When a centralized entity alliance handles accounting, there is no need for a high incentive mechanism. It can also prompt nodes to keep accounts, so the handling fee will be reduced a lot, or even zero.

(3) Data can have a certain degree of privacy;

Data reading permissions in the alliance chain are hierarchical, external and internal, as well as between internal nodes. The permissions can also be different. The alliance chain also means that the application scope of this blockchain will not be too wide, and it is not like the network spread effect of Bitcoin.

3. Private Blockchain

It is open to individual individuals or entities. The participating nodes are only themselves. The access and use of data have strict permission management. Generally, For internal audit purposes.

@Since it is a control center that has the final say, the data inside cannot guarantee that it cannot be changed, and there is not much protection for third parties and the public. It is generally used for internal auditing.

Blockchain knowledge points, bit by bit.