区块链最先应用,区块链用于存证,主要是利用了其什么技术特征

区块链最先应用于存证，主要是利用了其去中心化、不可篡改、共识机制等技术特征。今天，小编就来介绍相关的三个关键词：去中心化、不可篡改、共识机制。

去中心化是指网络中没有中心化的组织或者机构，每一个参与者都是平等的，没有任何一方拥有绝对的控制权。区块链技术就是一种去中心化的技术，它采用分布式账本技术，每个参与者都可以拥有一份账本的拷贝，每一笔交易都会被多个参与者确认，这样就避免了单一点的失效，达到了去中心化的目的。

不可篡改是指区块链的数据是不可被篡改的，一旦数据被写入到区块链中，就不能被更改，只能被追加。区块链采用了哈希算法，每一个区块都会被计算出一个唯一的哈希值，这个哈希值是根据区块中的数据计算出来的，如果数据发生变化，哈希值也会发生变化，这样就可以验证数据是否被篡改。

共识机制是指区块链网络中的参与者之间通过一致同意的方式来达成一致，其中最常用的共识机制是工作量证明（Proof-of-Work），它的基本原理是，参与者通过计算一个难以解决的数学问题来获得一个答案，这个答案就是整个网络的共识，只有当大部分参与者都达成一致，才能确定这个答案是正确的，这样就能保证网络的安全性。

以上就是区块链最先应用于存证，主要是利用其去中心化、不可篡改、共识机制等技术特征的介绍，希望能对大家有所帮助。

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㈠ What is blockchain

In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger.

To understand what this means, we first have to look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology started with finance, we will also introduce it below using banks as an example.

The following is our process for using bank debit card transactions:

You can swipe your card to purchase goods in stores.

The merchant sends a statement to your bank for the agreed upon amount.

Your bank will verify that you may have authorized the purchase.

The bank sends the money to the merchant.

Finally, the bank records this information in its ledger.

There’s a lot of technology involved here, but that’s basically it. The last step is important - the bank records all transactions made by the customer. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction the bank made.

This ledger is kept, maintained and regulated by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank has complete control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do about it.

Crucially, if hackers were able to access a bank’s ledger, that could cause a lot of problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like certain transactions never occurred, etc.

This is why distributed ledgers are so cool.

Blockchain Network Visualization

If a bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a copy of the ledger, and whenever any member of the bank When they make a purchase, they tell every other member of the bank.

Each member will validate the transaction and add it to the ledger (the added records are called "blocks"). This has some important benefits, as there is no centralized authority that can manipulate records. Hackers accessing one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it.

On the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in financial scenarios).

As mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized list of transactions. If I send Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins, I send a message to everyone in the network saying "I am sending Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins" and they all record the transaction.

The future of blockchain, how will it change our lives?

One thing that is important about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it.

Blockchain is not just science fiction. We don't need to careUnderstand the mechanisms behind this technology, but you need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years.

This may sound bold, but remember, 20 years ago we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using state-of-the-art Motorola flip phones, and buying our first DVD players. At that time, if we imagined that a computer could be held in our hands and that we could buy cars, make payments, and watch movies, it would have been considered a fantasy.

Although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet, nor as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many worries in daily life. Such as intermediaries cheating people, transaction delays, etc. In our current lives, middlemen are everywhere and we take them for granted as a part of life. If one day these intermediaries cease to exist, you will find that the world will become a different place.

Imagine that by 2040, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. When one day you can't live without the blockchain just like you can't live without the Internet now, you will be surprised to find that this decentralized accounting technology has simplified the complexity and become a part of your lifestyle

(ii) How to do a good job in blockchain certification of intellectual property rights

Blockchain, because of its characteristics such as decentralization, distributed accounting, full traces, traceability, etc., is an important part of intellectual property rights. Blockchain certificates lay the foundation.

When the work is completed, users can upload the electronic data of the work to the blockchain for multi-node, decentralized encrypted storage through Yibaoquan's blockchain intellectual property protection platform - Micro Copyright. , using fixed and tamper-proof blockchain technology for storage and preservation, and storing electronic data on the blockchain in the form of Hash values ​​to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with. Through Beidou satellite timing, the evidence time is solidified, and you can also apply online. Copyright certificate issued by the Publication Copyright Office.

Once a dispute arises, users can directly submit the blockchain evidence to the court, effectively improving the efficiency of rights protection.

㈢ Optimize the business environment and decrypt the technical principles of blockchain evidence storage and verification

Blockchain evidence

Certification and verification

The principle of electronic data certification technology, in short, is to save certain electronic data. To prove the existence of the electronic data at a certain point in time. The blockchain certificate storage method is to perform a hash value operation on the original data, and then upload the resulting hash value summary to the blockchain for encryption and storage, without uploading the original data itself.

OriginalThe data is still stored locally and may be modified. How can the judge confirm that the evidence submitted by the parties is consistent with the original data and has not been tampered with? Is it possible that the data on the chain can be tampered with?

This starts with the technical principles of blockchain certificate storage.

Encrypted storage

Blockchain evidence does not store the electronic data itself , instead, the hash value corresponding to the electronic data is stored in the blockchain, also known as the hash value on the chain. The hash algorithm is a one-way encryption function that is difficult to decipher under the current technical conditions. Any original data (and its completely equivalent copy) has and only corresponds to one hash value, and the hash value is therefore called "Data fingerprint". Any modification to the original data will cause its hash value to change, making it impossible to pass subsequent verification and comparison.

Multi-node distributed storage

The blockchain uses "distributed ledger" technology, that is, in a distributed ledger with multiple nodes In the system, each node saves and updates data independently, and there is no central organization that maintains each node. Each node confirms data updates through a consensus mechanism, thereby ensuring that the data on the chain is not tampered with.

For example:

There is a village where the village accountant originally kept accounts, and the village chief kept the books (centralized accounting). However, the accountant and the village chief colluded to make false accounts for personal gain, leaving the villagers helpless. After adopting distributed ledger technology (decentralization), it is changed to a public ledger. The whole village has one ledger. Every time an account occurs in the village, it must be broadcast to the whole village, and the villagers will then include the account in their own account. in the ledger.

If more than 51% of the villagers confirm that the account is valid and reach a consensus based on the principle of the minority obeying the majority, the account will be included in the public ledger, and the entire village will add the account to the public account book. Go to the account book you keep.

If the account is false, it cannot be confirmed by the consensus of the whole village and will be invalidated. The public ledger is based on the consistent version in the hands of the majority of villagers.

Chained data structure

The data unit on the blockchain is a "block". In addition to recording general data, the latter block , and also wraps the hash value of the previous block, which is transmitted and interlocked into a "chain", and the electronic data is stored in the blockchain with time records and is sequential, which makes any blockIt cannot be modified independently, and as time passes, the difficulty and cost of modifying data on the chain have also increased linearly.

Focus on cases

This technology was applied to our hospital’s first "block In the case of "Chain Evidence Verification".

After the bank and the lender sign an electronic contract, the banking business system uses the hash calculation program provided by the blockchain certificate deposit platform to automatically perform hash operations on the electronic contract documents and other related electronic data to form the corresponding hash After the value is obtained, the hash value is uploaded to the blockchain electronic certificate deposit platform for certificate storage. When the two parties filed a case online after a dispute occurred, the bank submitted electronic evidence stored on the blockchain online.

Later in the court trial, during the evidence and cross-examination process, the court performed a hash value calculation on the electronic evidence submitted by the bank on the spot, and compared the resulting hash value with the hash value on the blockchain evidence storage platform. Comparison is made and the verification result is obtained that "the evidence has not been tampered with since the date it was uploaded to the chain." This will help the judge quickly determine whether the evidence has been tampered with since it was uploaded to the chain, and then further certify its authenticity.

The application of blockchain evidence storage and verification technology effectively solves the problem of authenticity determination of electronic evidence in online litigation, effectively reduces the parties’ costs of evidence storage, evidence production and cross-examination, and reduces the burden of litigation for the parties. , and at the same time, the court's certification efficiency has been greatly improved, and the quality and efficiency of trials have been further improved.

Legal Express

"People's Court Online Litigation Rules"

Article 16 [Effectiveness of Data Stored by Blockchain Technology] If the electronic data submitted by the parties as evidence is stored through blockchain technology and is consistent after technical verification, the People's Court may determine that the electronic data has not been uploaded to the chain. has been tampered with, unless there is sufficient contrary evidence to overturn it.

Article 17 [Audit Rules for Data Stored by Blockchain Technology] If a party objects to the authenticity of electronic data stored by blockchain technology after being uploaded to the chain, and has reasonable grounds, the People’s Court shall Make a judgment based on the following factors:

(1) Whether the certificate deposit platform complies with the relevant regulations of the relevant national departments on providing blockchain certificate deposit services;

(2) The parties and the certificate deposit Whether the platform has an interest and uses technical means to improperly interfere with the process of evidence collection and storage;

(3) Whether the information system of the evidence storage platform meets the national standards for cleanliness, safety, reliability, and availability, or Industry standards;

(4) Whether the information system of the certificate storage platform complies with the requirements of relevant national standards or industry standards regarding system environment, technical security, encryption methods, data transmission, information verification, etc.

Article 18 [Authenticity review of data before uploading to the blockchain] If a party claims that the electronic data is no longer authentic before being uploaded to the blockchain and stored, and provides evidence to prove it or explains the reasons, the people's court shall review it.

Based on the circumstances of the case, the People's Court may require the party that submitted the electronic data stored with blockchain technology to provide evidence to prove the authenticity of the data before being stored on the chain, combined with the specific source and source of the data before being stored on the chain. Make a comprehensive judgment based on the generation mechanism, storage process, notarization by a notary agency, third-party witness, and related verification data. If the party concerned cannot provide evidence to prove or make a reasonable explanation, and the electronic data cannot be mutually corroborated with other evidence, the people's court will not confirm its authenticity.

Article 19 [Reinforced Determination of Authenticity of Blockchain Stored Data] The parties may apply for a person with specialized knowledge to provide opinions on technical issues related to electronic data stored in blockchain technology. The People's Court may, based on the application of the parties or ex officio, entrust the identification of the authenticity of the electronic data stored by blockchain technology, or obtain other relevant evidence for verification.

Acknowledgments: Special thanks to Tencent Group Legal Affairs Mr. Jiang Hongming, Product Director of the Ministry of Legal Innovation Center, for his guidance and support in the writing of this article.

㈣ What is the blockchain certification technology for intellectual property protection?

1. The application of blockchain certification technology in intellectual property protection:

< p>Blockchain, because of its characteristics such as decentralization, distributed accounting, full traceability, and traceability, has laid the foundation for blockchain certificate storage of intellectual property rights.

When the work is completed, the user uploads the data to the blockchain, and the work data will be stored on the blockchain in the form of a Hash value for blockchain storage and preservation to realize evidence. Solidification and blockchain preservation effectively ensure the integrity and non-tamperability of electronic data.

The Supreme People's Court pointed out in the "Decision of the Supreme People's Court on Amending the Several Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures" that the people's courts at all levels should implement During the process, it is necessary to accurately grasp the application of electronic data rules and carefully study the impact of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and blockchain on the investigation, identification, and acceptance of evidence.

Blockchain certificate storage opens up the "last mile" of trust in intellectual property data.

5 How blockchain revolutionizes judicial evidence storage

Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, and sharednew application models of computer technologies such as identification mechanisms and encryption algorithms. It has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traces, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for creating trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically solved by blockchain.

Blockchain technology can be used in the entire generation, collection, transmission and storage of electronic data. During the life cycle, electronic data is protected against tampering, and traces of data operations are left, thereby providing effective means for review by relevant agencies. The use of blockchain technology for the storage and issuance of electronic evidence is the basis for the application of blockchain technology in the legal field.

We took the lead in the industry in establishing a blockchain team in the early days, investing in research on core underlying blockchain technologies such as cryptography, distributed ledger storage structures, and consensus mechanisms, and exploring blockchain technology. In the application scenarios of the legal technology industry, we currently mainly apply blockchain technology to the field of distributed electronic data storage, including contract storage, email storage, document storage, structured data storage, etc.

In the future, we will also use blockchain technology to better serve the already very mature electronic contract business and the rapidly developing online arbitration business, and make more blockchain attempts in legal technology. Promote the application of blockchain technology in the field of judicial or legal services while protecting the security and confidentiality of the systems of all parties.

㈥ How to preserve intellectual property rights on the blockchain

Blockchain certification, simply put, is to store electronic data on the blockchain for preservation. .

Microcopyright is a brand of Yibaoquan. Through microcopyright, the data for work rights verification, network evidence collection, and certificate preservation will be stored on the blockchain in the form of Hash, relying on the blockchain to decentralize With the characteristics of digitalization and distributed storage, it can store evidence on the blockchain and effectively ensure the originality and non-tamperability of electronic evidence.

Currently, it has been awarded the 2018 Industrial Internet Pilot Demonstration Project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the only blockchain selected project), and the first batch of domestic blockchain information service registration enterprises by the Cyberspace Administration of China in 2019 .

㈦ What does blockchain mean and how to make money

The meaning of blockchain and how to make money are as follows:
1. The meaning of blockchain: District Blockchain is a piece of information that is ultimately stored in multiple places after being confirmed by multiple parties. It is a tool that can solve credit problems during transactions.
2. How to make money with blockchain:
(1) Provide blockchain technology services. Form a corporate team to specialize in the development and application of blockchain technology, and provide your technical results to companies in need for use, or develop corresponding blockchain technology based on the needs of service recipients. A simple understanding is to be a middleman.
(2) Use blockchain technology to issue coins. In this way, the enterprise acts as the issuer and publishes a certain number ofInvest a large amount of virtual currencies for others, such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Dogecoin. At that time, if you wanted to become an issuer, in addition to having blockchain technology, you also had to apply for a series of filing documents and materials such as business qualification certificates and currency issuance qualification licenses from relevant regulatory authorities. Otherwise, if you don’t have these documents, it would be fraud. . However, successfully preparing these documents will still test the strength and capital of the company. If the funds are not strong enough, it will be difficult to sustain.
(3) Payment for blockchain knowledge. In the early days of the blockchain market, many people did not understand what blockchain was and wanted to participate, which inevitably gave rise to a payment market for blockchain knowledge. Since this year, many public accounts with the theme of blockchain have appeared, and many paid blockchain courses and small investment circles have been born.
(4) Register to receive free candies. Candy is a token that the blockchain project team rewards early users in order to attract more users to join the early use and spread. Similar to the early "Didi", in order to cultivate a large number of early users, a large number of free taxi tickets were issued to users.

㈧ How blockchain is used in the field of certificate depository

Blockchain technology has the advantages of being difficult to tamper with and easy to trace.

Over the years, we have also been continuously polishing our products and deploying intelligence in an all-round way. Our electronic contract SaaS product function, based on the original two core functions of real-name authentication and contract signing, adds six modules: organization management, approval management, seal management, contract drafting, contract template management, and notarization and storage. Earlier, we also released a number of technologies such as handwriting recognition, fragmented storage mechanism, and text and print security and anti-counterfeiting. In addition, in response to problems such as the lack of online judicial processing channels and different standards for determining the validity of electronic evidence, we have launched a "real hammer" preservation system to achieve evidence preservation and real-time issuance of certificates. While providing customers with electronic contract services, we also provide More professional and efficient legal protection services.

㈨ What is blockchain

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.

It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of The information of Bitcoin network transactions is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(9) Blockchain is first about depositing certificates and secondly about answers. Extended reading

Characteristics of blockchain:

1 , Certificate storage

The "non-tamperable" characteristics of the blockchain provide a solution to the "Certificate storage" problem in economic and social development. As long as the authenticity of the on-chain information and data can be ensured, the blockchain can solve the problem of "storage" and "certification" of information.

For example, in the field of copyright, blockchain can be used to store electronic evidence, which can ensure that it is not tampered with and can beLinking original platforms, copyright bureaus, judicial authorities and other parties through distributed ledgers can greatly improve the efficiency of handling infringements.

2. Sharing

The "distributed" characteristics of the blockchain can break through the "data barriers" between departments and achieve information and data sharing. Different from centralized data storage, the information on the blockchain will be distributed to each node through point-to-point broadcasting, and all information can be "truthfully recorded" through "whole network witness".