区块链的智能合约什么意思啊,区块链的智能合约什么意思呀

Ⅰ How to understand smart contracts in blockchain

The term "smart contract" dates back to at least 1995 and was coined by a prolific cross-field legal scholar It was proposed by Nick Szabo. He mentioned the concept of smart contracts in several articles published on his website. His definition is as follows:

“A smart contract is a set of Numerically defined promises, including protocols on which contract participants can execute these promises. ”

Let us explore the meaning of his definition in more detail.

Commitments

A set of promises agreed upon by the parties to a contract (often mutually of) rights and obligations. These commitments define the nature and purpose of the contract. Take a sales contract as a typical example. The seller promises to deliver the goods, and the buyer promises to pay a reasonable price.

Digital form

Digital form means that the contract must be written in computer-readable code. This is necessary because as long as the parties reach an agreement, the rights and obligations established by the smart contract are executed by a computer or computer network.

Further explanation:

(1) Reaching an agreement

When do the participants in a smart contract reach an agreement? The answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation . Generally speaking, a contract is discovered when a participant commits to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract hosting platform.

(2) Contract Execution

" The true meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, execution means active implementation through technical means.

(3) Computer-readable code

In addition, the contract requires The specific "digital form" is very dependent on the protocol that the parties agree to use.

Protocol

A protocol is the technical implementation upon which contractual commitments are fulfilled, or Fulfillment of the contractual promise is recorded. Which agreement is chosen depends on many factors, the most important of which is the nature of the assets being traded during the performance of the contract.

Again, take the sales contract as an example. Assume that the parties agree Payment is made in Bitcoin. The chosen protocol will obviously be the Bitcoin protocol, on which smart contracts are implemented. Therefore, the "digital form" that the contract must use is the Bitcoin Script Language. Bitcoin Script Language It is a non-Turing complete, imperative, stack-based programming language, similar to Forth.

Smart Contract

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only "blockchain technology" approved by the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation" carried out by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. "Professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

II What is blockchain smart contract payment

Blockchain smart contract payment refers to transactions and non-transactions. The first thing to make clear is that blockchain smart contracts are not real contracts. According to the programmable characteristics of the blockchain, people can place contracts on the blockchain in the form of code and automatically execute them under agreed conditions, which is called a smart contract. It's just a broad definition. A smart contract is a piece of code involving assets and transactions. Only by putting it on the blockchain can we effectively prevent "piracy" and "tampering". In fact, before the emergence of blockchain, smart contracts did not receive much development.
As blockchain technology develops and matures, smart contracts will be very useful. Smart contracts are a new way for new participants to reach consensus. It does not depend on any organization or individual for its execution, it does it on its own, not even by default. Smart contracts will become the fundamental structure of the global economy. Anyone can use smart contracts to participate in economic activities without prior review and high upfront costs. In traditional contract making, people must choose trustworthy people and institutions, while smart contracts eliminate the necessary trust in third parties from many economic transactions.
With the emergence of virtual digital currency, blockchain came into being. In essence, blockchain is a decentralized database and distributed ledger technology, that is, data storage in distributed institutions. Compared with traditional centralized storage, decentralized storage makes supervision more open and transparent, avoiding risks such as tampering and forgery. Therefore, the application of blockchain in the field of electronic contracts adds security to the custody of electronic contracts.
Blockchain solves the problems of authentication storage, credit enhancement and real authentication in the use of electronic contracts. Deposit receipts for electronic contracts are susceptible to security breaches through third parties, leading to data leaks. Deposit receipts are single, making it difficult to trace when problems arise. The platform also questioned the validity of the verification data. The application of blockchain technology can generate encrypted storage of data chains during the signing process of electronic contracts. Once the data on the chain is difficult to tamper with, the signing time and operation information can also be accurately recorded through time stamp technology, and the evidence chain can be saved to communicate with third-party institutions. Collaborate to ensure the security of electronic contract signing. After blockchain deposits and third-party institution deposits, the credibility of judicially adopted evidence is effectively improved, and forensic appraisal reports and notarization can be quickly applied for. At the same time, blockchain smart contracts also ensure the authenticity and reliability of the contract's authenticity. Ensure that electronic contracts have full legal effect

Ⅲ What is a smart contract

A smart contract is a piece of computer software that is designed to automate a self-enforcing contract, which means that it triggers certain The action is automatically executed after the predetermined conditions are met. For example, smart contracts can be used as digital agreements to exchange cryptocurrency (or any other digital asset) between two parties. Once the terms of the agreement are set, smartEnergy contracts will verify their performance and allocate assets accordingly.

In other words, smart contracts are basically lines of code that perform a specific function when specific conditions are met. Code often follows "if... then..." statements that trigger predetermined and predictable actions.

For example, an online store might implement a smart contract that ensures "if payment is received, the product is delivered" - this would make the entire process more efficient and less prone to human error.

Although smart contracts have become popular in the context of blockchain and cryptocurrencies, the concept was first described by American cryptographer Nick Szabo in 1994, many years before Bitcoin.

Smart contracts play an important role in the blockchain space and cryptocurrency market, especially when it comes to ERC-20 tokens, which represent a class of ERC-compliant tokens created on the Ethereum network. 20 standard tokens. These tokens are typically distributed through initial coin offering events, and the use of smart contracts enables a trustless and cost-effective exchange of funds during the sale. Their use can also facilitate payment processing in decentralized applications (DApps) or decentralized exchanges (DEX).

Another area where smart contracts are applicable is the financial services industry. For example, the technology could be used to automate the clearing and settlement of trades, the payment of bond coupons, and even the calculation and payment of insurance claims.

Although they have obvious applications in finance, smart contracts are versatile and suitable for almost any industry that requires the transfer of funds, digital assets, or any type of digital information between parties. For example, the equipment rental industry uses these contracts extensively in the real world to make rental agreements more efficient.

In the healthcare field, this technology is being explored as a countermeasure against data manipulation in clinical trials. Smart contracts can even enforce intellectual property agreements by establishing a clear record of shared ownership and allocating all royalties and proceeds from the intellectual property accordingly.

IV What is a smart contract?

Smart Contract is a piece of code deployed on the blockchain. Once an event triggers the terms in the contract, the code will Automatically executed. In human terms: a smart contract is a digital contract based on high technology such as cryptography. The difference from a traditional paper contract is that a vending machine is equivalent to a smart contract, and a salesperson is equivalent to a paper contract.
You will understand with a simple example:
Suppose A borrows a large sum of money from B, although there is a written IOU written in black and white. However, after maturity, A refuses to repay the loan for various reasons. At this time, B can only sue if he wants to get the loan back. wisdomA contract can solve this problem. If both parties A and B package the loan amount, repayment time, and the other party's bank card information into the contract before borrowing, they will be able to solve this problem. On the agreed repayment date, the loan will be automatically transferred to B's account, even if A doesn't want to repay it, there is nothing he can do.
Source: Qian Krypton Finance

IV The key to Defi is what is a smart contract

People often ask, what is a smart contract? So you must first understand what a "contract is" ".

What is a smart contract?

Smart Contract is a concept proposed by cryptologist Nick Szabo in the 1990s. Due to the lack of a trusted execution environment at that time, smart contracts were not applied and developed until Ethereum. The emergence of smart contracts allowed smart contracts to be "resurrected".

So what exactly is a smart contract? Simply put, a smart contract is a contract that uses computer language instead of legal language to record terms and is automatically executed by a program. In other words, smart contracts are digital versions of traditional contracts that run on the blockchain network and are automatically executed by programs.

Vending machines and ATM cash machines can all be understood as machines that execute smart contracts to some extent, but these are not smart contracts in the true sense

Design stage Smart Contract Security Considerations

Consider Threat Modeling and Security Design

What: Implement specific steps to identify and prioritize potential threats to your system from the beginning of the development lifecycle Schemes are important - smart contract developers should identify all security controls to be implemented in development and all threat testing, auditing and monitoring that should be checked during development. All security assumptions, including the expected sophistication and means of attack, should be clearly defined and articulated during the design phase.

How: Follow known threat modeling practices. If the development team does not have in-house security expertise, it should work with a security consultant early in the design phase. Adopt an "attacker's" mindset when designing your system and assume that any person, piece of hardware, or service can be compromised.

What are the characteristics of smart contracts

Compared with traditional contracts, smart contracts have three major characteristics:
1. The content of the contract is open and transparent
Smart contracts are deployed in On the blockchain, the contract content is naturally open and transparent.

2. The content of the contract cannot be tampered
Similarly, because it is deployed on the blockchain, the content of the smart contract cannot be modified.

3. Permanent operation
Smart contracts running on the blockchain are also jointly maintained by network nodes on the blockchain and onlyAs long as the blockchain exists, smart contracts can run forever. There is a sense of brotherhood that "the chain is as long as the contract is there".

Smart contracts supported by the three major characteristics of blockchain have the following main advantages compared with traditional contracts

Smart contracts use computer language instead of legal language to record terms and are composed of A contract that is automatically executed by the program. Deployed on the block, it also has the characteristics of blockchain data being open, transparent, non-tamperable, and running permanently.

Compared with traditional contracts, smart contracts have the advantages of being trustless, safe, efficient, and not requiring third-party arbitration. But smart contracts are not perfect, and they are not smart or have a very low level of smartness.

The article mentioned that the execution of smart contracts does not require the judgment of a third-party agency. It also mentioned that when the execution conditions involve external information, the smart contract cannot sense it, and relevant information needs to be input into the smart contract. Trigger the smart contract to execute the ruling

VI What is the smart contract in Jinwowo blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the smart contracts in blockchain technology as follows:< br />A smart contract is a contract that uses computer language instead of legal language to record terms.
Smart contracts can be automatically executed by a computing system. If the blockchain is a database, smart contracts are the application layers that enable blockchain technology to be applied to reality.
Contracts in the traditional sense are generally not directly related to the computer code that executes the contents of the contract. Paper contracts are in most cases archived, while software enforces the terms of the contract written in computer code.
Potential benefits of smart contracts include reducing the costs of contract signing, execution and supervision

VII What are smart contracts in blockchain technology

Smart contracts can be easily understood It is a piece of code written on the blockchain that is event-driven, has a dynamic state, is recognized by multiple parties, and can automatically process information on the chain according to preset conditions. Once an event triggers the terms in the contract, the code will be automatically executed. The biggest advantage of smart contracts is to use program algorithms to arbitrate and execute contracts on behalf of humans.
Smart contracts are contracts that use computer language instead of legal language to record terms. Once written, they can be trusted by users. The terms of the contract cannot be changed, so the contract is immutable. The procedure will be executed when the conditions are met, without human interference, ensuring absolute fairness and justice.
3 technical characteristics of smart contracts
●Data transparency
All data on the blockchain is open and transparent, so the data processing of smart contracts is also open and transparent, and any party can run it can view its code and data.
●Cannot be tampered
All data in the blockchain itself cannot be tampered with, so the smart contract code deployed on the blockchain and the data generated by its operation are also non-tamperable. Running smartContract nodes do not have to worry about other nodes maliciously modifying code and data.
●Permanent operation
The nodes supporting the blockchain network often reach hundreds or even thousands. The failure of some nodes will not cause the smart contract to stop. Its reliability is theoretically close to permanent operation. In this way This ensures that smart contracts can be as valid as paper contracts at all times.

ⅧWhat is a smart contract in blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes smart contracts as follows:

A smart contract is a type of smart contract that only passes through the zone A new technology that can only be achieved by blockchain. Ordinary, standard contracts cover the terms of an agreement between parties and are often enforced by law; smart contracts are digital, stored on the blockchain, and use encrypted code to enforce the agreement.

In other words, smart contracts are simply software programs that, like all programs, execute exactly as the programmer intended. Smart contracts are like programming applications: "Once it appears, execute it."

Ⅸ Understand the blockchain and what is a smart contract

A smart contract is a type of application that does not require notarization A third party such as a member or public official to verify, promote or execute a contract!

Literally means you can conduct fast, reliable and trustworthy transactions with any third party, without the constraints of ordinary contracts

Healthcare

Who has access to my patient data? Is my digital patient record safe? and many other issues arise from having digital patient records. As we learned, if only a limited number of people need access for a limited time, keep your profile with you at all times and only have access if you allow doctors access.

Highly regulated, such as drug storage and distribution.

X What does smart contract mean?

It is a special protocol used to formulate contracts on the blockchain and has 3 elements. , autonomous (operates automatically without human intervention), self-sufficient (has the authority to coordinate the assets of both parties in the contract), and is decentralized (operated through distributed nodes rather than through a centralized specific server). There are a large number of applications in blockchain projects. For example, the Fintoch financial platform on DeFi has developed the latest technology of smart contracts. When a loss occurs, the smart contract can be used to force a stop loss to protect users from the erosion of their principal. Withdraw funds beforehand. If you don’t understand something, you can continue to ask questions or search online.