区块链发行币的分类有哪些,区块链发行币的分类包括

A. What are the currencies of Blockchain 3.0?

Blockchain 3.0 currencies include digital currencies, represented by Bitcoin, which are essentially generated by distributed network systems. Digital currency is a digital currency whose issuance process does not rely on a specific centralized institution.

Blockchain 3.0 is the core of the Internet of Value. Blockchain can confirm, measure and store property rights for every information and byte representing value in the Internet, so that assets can be tracked, controlled and traded on the blockchain. The core of the Internet of Value is a global distributed accounting system constructed from blockchain. It can not only record transactions in the financial industry, but can record almost any valuable thing that can be expressed in the form of code: sharing Access to cars, traffic light status, birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, education, financial accounts, medical procedures, insurance claims, voting, energy. Therefore, with the development of blockchain technology, its application can be extended to any field with demand, including auditing and notarization, medical care, voting, logistics and other fields, and then to the entire society.

Blockchain will transcend the financial field and enter the field of social notarization and intelligence (blockchain 3.0). Blockchain 3.0 is mainly used in the field of social governance, including identity authentication, notarization, arbitration, auditing, domain names, logistics, medical care, mail, visas, voting and other fields. The scope of application has expanded to the entire society. Blockchain technology may become A bottom-level protocol for the “Internet of Everything”.

B. What are the types of blockchain?

The currently known classification of blockchain technology Jinwowo Group believes that it can be roughly divided into three categories:
1-Public blockchain: refers to a blockchain that anyone can read, send transactions to confirm validity, and anyone can participate in its consensus process to jointly maintain the security, transparency, and inaccessibility of public blockchain data. tamper.
2-Community blockchain: Also known as alliance chain, it means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between the nodes;
3-Private block Chain: The participating nodes have a limited scope, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Write permissions are only in the hands of participants, and read permissions can be opened to the outside world.

C. Chain classification of blockchain

Two days ago, a friend asked a lot of questions about blockchain on WeChat. One of the questions was about the chain of blockchain. How to classify. Blockchain can currently be divided into four categories: public chain, private chain, alliance chain and side chain. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain outsourcing development company, welcomes discussions for cooperation. The following will help you understand the characteristics of these blockchain chains and how to apply them. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Public chain - everyone can participate

Public chain means that anyone can read it, anyone can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed.A blockchain that is recognized and anyone can participate in the consensus process.

The public chain adopts the proof-of-work mechanism (POW), proof-of-stake mechanism (POS), and share authorization proof mechanism (DPOS), and combines economic rewards and encrypted digital verification. And establish a principle that the economic rewards that each person can obtain are proportional to the workload. These blockchains are often considered to be completely decentralized.

Features:

1. Open source, because the operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, this system is an open source system; 2. Protect users from the influence of developers, in the public domain Program developers in the chain have no right to interfere with users, so the blockchain can protect users who use the programs they develop; 3. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical capabilities can access it, that is, as long as there is a computer that can connect to the Internet Computers can meet the access conditions; 4. All data is public by default, although all associated participants hide their true identities. This phenomenon is very common. They generate their own security through their public nature, where every participant can see all account balances and all their transaction activity.

Case: There are many familiar figures in the public chain: BTC, ETH, EOS, AE, ADA, etc.

2. Private chain - rights are in the hands of a few people

A private chain refers to a blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read permissions are either open to the public or arbitrarily restricted. Relevant applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases it is desirable to have public auditability, in many cases public readability is not necessary.

Features:

1. Fast transaction speed. The transaction speed of a private chain can be faster than any other blockchain, or even close to not being a blockchain. the speed of a conventional database. This is because even a small number of nodes have a high degree of trust, and each node does not need to verify a transaction. 2. Good privacy, giving better privacy protection The private chain makes the data privacy policy on that blockchain exactly the same as in another database; there is no need to deal with access permissions and use all the old methods, but at least it says , this data is not publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. 3. Low transaction costs. Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero. Transactions can be carried out completely free or at least very cheaply on the private chain. If one entity controlled and processed all transactions, they would no longer need to charge fees for their work.

Case: Linux Foundation, R3CEV Corda Platform and Gem Health Network’s Hyperledger ProjectThe Hyperledger project is either developing or using private chains.

3. Alliance chain - partial decentralization

The degree of openness and decentralization of the alliance chain is limited. The participants are screened out in advance or designated directly. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be limited to the participants of the system like the write permission.

Features:

1. Low transaction costs, transactions only need to be verified by a few trusted high-computing nodes without the need for confirmation by the entire network; 2. Nodes Easy to connect, if something goes wrong, the consortium chain can be quickly repaired through manual intervention, and allows the use of consensus algorithms to reduce block times, thereby completing transactions faster; 3. Flexible, if necessary, run a private blockchain community or Companies can easily modify the rules of this blockchain, revert transactions, modify balances, etc.

Case: Ripple has established an alliance chain for international remittances between Japan and South Korea and inter-bank remittances in Japan. At the same time, Xunlei Link, which has been popular for a while, is also a semi-open alliance chain.

4. Side chain - extended protocol

Strictly speaking, "side chain" is not a blockchain itself, but can be understood as an extension of the blockchain. Protocol. The early "side chain" was to solve the limitations of Bitcoin blockchain technology. Side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. Side chains Completely independent of the Bitcoin blockchain, but the two ledgers can "interoperate" and interact.

Features:

1. Independence, side chain The advantage of the architecture is that the code and data are independent, which does not increase the burden on the main chain and avoid excessive data expansion. The side chain has an independent blockchain, an independent trustee or witness, and an independent node network, that is, a The blocks generated by the side chain will only be broadcast among all nodes where the side chain is installed. 2. Flexibility. All blockchain parameters of the side chain can be customized, such as block intervals and block rewards. , the whereabouts of transaction fees, etc., advanced users can also modify the consensus algorithm.

Case: LSK, RDN, ARDR and other currencies use side chain technology.

For the current In the entire digital currency field, this year may still be a competition for the underlying public chain projects. The reason is that the current public chain as the infrastructure of the blockchain still has obvious shortcomings, and it is still unable to achieve true security, reliability and efficiency. This is also Obviously restricting the development of the entire blockchain industry.

D. There are several classifications of blockchain

1. Decentralization
Due to the use of distributed computing and storage , there is no centralized hardThe rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system.
2. Openness
The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain through the public interface. Data and development related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Autonomy
The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment. , so that trust in "people" is changed to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.
4. Anonymity
Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to Making the other party trust you by disclosing your identity is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.
Outstanding advantages:
Information cannot be tampered
Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, otherwise Modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high.
(4) Classification of blockchain-issued coins Extended reading:
Blockchain originated from Bitcoin, two weeks after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, which marked the starting point of the last financial crisis, on November 1, 2008 On the same day, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc. The architectural concept of electronic cash system, which marks the birth of Bitcoin.
Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first Bitcoin genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.
In recent years, the world's attitude towards Bitcoin has been ups and downs, but blockchain technology, one of the underlying technologies of Bitcoin, has received increasing attention. In the formation process of Bitcoin, blocks are storage units one by one, recording all communication information of each block node within a certain period of time.
The links between each block are realized through random hashing (also called hash algorithm). The latter block contains the hash value of the previous block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block and Blocks are continued one after another, and the result is called a blockchain [3].

E. Blockchain, 4 types, how much do you know

——Hello, I It’s a mentality, focusing on sharing your understanding of blockchain and investment thinking. I hope it can help you.

Blockchain is divided into 4 types according to different usage requirements and scenarios: public chain, alliance chain, private chain and hybrid chain.

1. Public chain

Public chain means that anyone at any node in the world, at any geographical location, can enter the system to read data, send transactions, and compete. Blockchain that participates in consensus such as accounting. No institution or individual can tamper with the data in it, so the public chain is completely decentralized.

Bitcoin and Ethereum are both representatives of public chains. Public chains generally encourage participants to compete for accounting (i.e. mining) by issuing tokens to ensure data security and consensus updates.

Bitcoin generates one block every 10 minutes on average, and its POW mechanism is difficult to shorten the block time. The POS mechanism can shorten the block time relatively speaking, but it is more likely to cause forks. So the transaction needs to wait for more confirmations before it is considered safe.

It is generally believed that a block in Bitcoin is secure enough after 6 confirmations, which takes about an hour. Such a confirmation speed is difficult to meet commercial-level applications. Therefore, public chains such as ETH and EOS that support more writing speeds are constantly developing.

2. Alliance chain

Alliance chain refers to a blockchain that is jointly participated and managed by several institutions, with each institution running N nodes.

The data of the alliance chain only allows different institutions in the system to read, write and trade. The PKI-based identity management system transactions or proposals are initiated through digital certificates and are verified by the joint signature of the participants. A consensus is reached, so there is no need for proof of work (POW), and there is no digital currency (token), which improves the efficiency of transaction completion and saves a lot of computing costs (computing hardware investment and electricity energy consumption).

Normally, nodes participating in the alliance chain will be divided into different read and write permissions, which can support more than 1,000 data writes per second.

3. Private chain

Unlike the public chain, which is completely decentralized, the private chain’s access rights are controlled by an organization, and the participation qualifications of each node are controlled by the organization. Authorization control.

Since the participating nodes are limited and controllable, private chains often have fast processing speeds and can support more than 1,000 data writes per second, while reducing the transaction costs of internal nodes.

Nodes can participate under real names and therefore have financial attributes to confirm identity. The value of the private chain is mainly to provide a safe, traceable, non-tamperable, and automatically executed computing platform, which can prevent both internal and external security attacks or tampering of data, which is difficult to achieve in traditional systems.

The application scenarios of private chains are generally within enterprises, such asInventory management of branches, summary statistics of data from various places, etc. can also be used in areas that can be supervised by the public, such as government budgeting and execution. Large financial groups are also currently inclined to use private chain technology.

4. Hybrid chain

When the respective advantages of public and private chains are combined, a hybrid chain will appear. The development of hybrid chains is difficult, but the prospects are broad.

In the future market, there will definitely be giant companies that develop underlying technologies and protocols. These giant companies will set up public chains, private chains or alliance chains for different purposes, based on performance and security. and the different needs of application scenarios, and then grafted on applications in different industries. For example, a communication public chain that supports high concurrency, a payment alliance chain that focuses on security, etc.

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F. The technical classification of blockchain mainly includes

1. Public chain, no official organization, no management organization, and no central server. Participating nodes freely access the network in accordance with the rules of the system. There is no control and the nodes work based on a consensus mechanism. (Subversive: absolutely credible and open)

G. What are the domestic blockchain coins?

1. Introduction to Bitcoin BTC: the originator of digital currency and the most valuable virtual currency. Known as the "King of Coins".
2. Introduction to Ethereum ETH: Ether is the currency name used in Ethereum and is used for payment calculations within the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
3. Introduction to Bitcoin Cash BCH: Bitcoin Cash is a fork of Bitcoin. In order to solve the problem of long Bitcoin transaction times, at 20:20 on August 1, 2017, a small number of mining machines began mining using 8M blocks, and the transaction confirmation speed was the number of Bitcoins using 1M blocks. Thousand times.
[Extended Information]
The concept of Bitcoin was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009.
The open source software designed and released based on Satoshi Nakamoto’s ideas and the P2P network built on it. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Bitcoin’s transaction records are open and transparent. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.
Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific currency institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm and record all Transaction behavior, and the use of cryptographic design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins. Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred or paid only by real owners. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. BitsThe total number of coins is limited. The currency system once had no more than 10.5 million coins in 4 years, and the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million coins thereafter.
In June 2021, El Salvador passed the "El Salvador Bitcoin Law", which makes Bitcoin legal tender in the country. On September 7, Bitcoin officially became El Salvador’s legal tender, becoming the first country in the world to grant legal status to digital currencies.
On September 24, 2021, the People's Bank of China issued a notice to further prevent and deal with the risks of speculation in virtual currency transactions. The notice states that virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as legal tender.
On November 10, 2021, the price of Bitcoin hit a new record high, approaching US$69,000 per coin for the first time.
In January 2022, Bitcoin continued to fall, falling below $42,000, touching a level not seen since September last year.

H. Classification of blockchains

Currently blockchains are divided into three categories, among which hybrid blockchains and private blockchains can be regarded as: generalized private chain, public area Blockchain public blockchain. This means that any individual or group in the world can send transactions, the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Public blockchain is currently the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. Each virtual digital currency of the Bitcoin series is based on a public blockchain, and there is only one blockchain in the world corresponding to this currency.
Extended information
1. Industrial blockchain industry blockchains: multiple pre-selected nodes in the group are designated as bookkeepers, and the generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), others Access nodes can participate in transactions but do not interfere with the accounting process (essentially, it is managed bookkeeping, but it becomes distributed bookkeeping). How many pre-selected nodes and how to determine the bookkeeper for each block become the main risk points of the blockchain ), anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API. Private Blockchain Private Blockchain ((privateblockchains)): Only the general ledger technology of the blockchain is used for accounting. It can be a blockchain with exclusive written permission from a company or individual. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. At present (December 2015), conservative giants (traditional finance) want to try private blockchains, while the applications of public chains, such as Bitcoin, have been industrialized, and the application products of private chains are still being explored. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Essentially, it is a decentralized database.
2. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks associated with encryption methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. In fact, the term blockchain does notAppears in the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper, but appears in the blockchain. In the earliest Bitcoin white paper, blockchain was translated as blockchain. This is the time when the Chinese word "blockchain" first appeared. The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which came into effect on February 15, 2019. In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order, and a tamper-proof and forgery-proof distributed ledger guaranteed by cryptography. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses blockchain data structures to verify and store data, distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access, using smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data.

I. What are the classifications and applications of blockchain projects

In view of the decentralization, openness, high reliability, zero data loss, and autonomy of blockchain technology Six characteristics of security and non-tamperability. The scope of the current international consensus includes but is not limited to smart contracts, securities trading, e-commerce, Internet of Things, social communications, file storage, existence proof, identity verification, equity crowdfunding, Prediction markets and other fields.
Theoretically, blockchain can be applied in any scenario that requires a third party. For example, the art industry can use the technical features of blockchain such as "decentralization" and "unforgeability" to solve issues such as authenticity and traceability in the art transaction process. Art Block is a new ecological project in the art industry based on blockchain technology. Buyers can see the entire process of artwork from production to completion, so there are no fakes, making it very suitable for ordinary art investors.