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❶ To strategically lay out the application of blockchain technology, China Enterprise Cloud Chain joins forces with Qulian Technology
On December 23, 2019, Hangzhou Yunlian Qulian Digital Technology Co., Ltd. ( (hereinafter referred to as "Yunqu Digital") completed the industrial and commercial registration and the company was officially established, marking the strategic layout of China Enterprise Cloud Chain in the field of blockchain technology application.
Yunqu Digital was jointly funded and established by China Enterprise Yunlian and Hangzhou Qulian Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Qulian Technology"), positioning blockchain technology in the industrial Internet and supply chain scenario finance Development service provider in the field.
Due to the high degree of compatibility between the characteristics of supply chain financial business and the characteristics of blockchain technology, a natural application scenario of blockchain has been formed. In the context of rapid development in their respective fields, China Enterprise Cloud Chain and Qulian Technology, this in-depth cooperation is also the general trend. It will deeply integrate China Enterprise Cloud Chain's scenario financial service innovation and Qulian Technology's HyperChain blockchain underlying platform technology. Advantages, based on the product strategy of "safety, trust, efficiency, and win-win", we provide customers with innovative industrial financial business models, independent and controllable security technical services, serve the industrial Internet ecology, and contribute to the development of industrial and financial digital finance.
From the traditional offline model to the initial realization of onlineization, and then to the gradual formation of multi-centralization, the industrial Internet including supply chain finance is undergoing a new era with the blessing of technology. rounds of iterative change. In the VUCA era, Yunqu Digital will bring more possibilities to reduce risks and build a safe and trustworthy trading environment, which has given new expectations to the entire industry.
Founded in 2016, Qulian Technology is the first quasi-unicorn company in the domestic blockchain field. It has completed Series B financing with a valuation of 3 billion. Qulian takes the domestic independent and controllable alliance chain underlying technology platform as its core competitiveness. The team has strong technical strength, more than 80% of whom have master's or doctorate degrees. Currently, it has applied for more than 140 patents and obtained more than 50 software copyrights. Since its establishment, it has implemented application scenarios with many large state-owned enterprises such as State Grid, China Telecom, and China Southern Airlines, and has been implemented in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China UnionPay, Shanghai Stock Exchange, and Zheshang Bank and other large financial institutions have landed, and are far ahead in the industry in terms of company size, technical strength, asset scale, cooperation cases, social effects, etc. Qulian Technology jointly established the Zhejiang Provincial Blockchain Research Institute with the Cyberspace Administration of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang University, and established the Zhejiang University Blockchain Research Center in cooperation with Zhejiang University.
❷ How to integrate blockchain and sharing economy
In general, grasping the essence of blockchain should be weak control, decentralization, autonomous mechanism, network architecture and coupling connect. The essence of blockchain should be a new social structure in the information society era that is completely different from industrial society. The five core points about blockchain are related to the sharing economy to some extent.Common. The essence of the sharing economy is to abandon the old development mechanism and no longer emphasize concentration. Instead, use decentralized social resources in a peer-to-peer manner to allow participants to participate and contribute in different ways. to benefit.
Blockchain and sharing economy, two mutually relevant Internet hotspots, happen to have ample "space for cooperation." From theory to practice, there have been many bold explorations in the industry, and there have even been some phenomena that challenge traditional business models. In this way, the sharing economy tied to the blockchain will be a brand new business model and a new subversion of interpersonal relationships. I plan to invest in the blockchain industry. After all, in the Internet era, I searched for Guangzhou Xuanling Technology Co., Ltd. and looked at the web page. They are a company that develops software blockchain smart contracts. There are many cases developed and the team is strong.
❸ Does dcpro have anything to say?
Is there anything to say? There is nothing to say at the moment. Because I really can’t translate this word.
❹ Is the win-win community a scam?
Whether the win-win community is a scam, we must first understand what a win-win community is.
The so-called win-win community, also known as the "win-win currency circle", was first initiated by Mr. Guang Shui, a blockchain angel investor, and received positive responses from many blockchain enthusiasts and community members. Created. This is the earliest blockchain learning community in China. Currently, the community has over 10,000 members. It is a large and high-quality blockchain community in China. The key members of its community shoulder the mission of promoting the development and dissemination of domestic blockchain technology, so that all blockchain enthusiasts can obtain the most cutting-edge blockchain knowledge services here, and form a powerful group to create more great value and influence. It is currently promoting the establishment of offline member exchange platforms across the country. Its first offline win-win community is located in Building 405, International Unit E, No. 1292 Airport Road, Guangzhou, providing community members with better and more convenient services.
To sum up, the win-win community should not be a scam. If you want to deceive, you can only deceive you into the next APP. If you are asked to pay any other fees, then you have to think twice.
❺ What kind of community is BLING Community APP?
BLING Community is the world’s first value community for young people based on blockchain technology.
BLING community adheres to the values of openness, co-construction, and win-win. We are committed to allowing users to easily find high-quality and valuable content in the community. At the same time, users will receive generous value rewards for every behavior such as posting content, writing comments, likes or dislikes in the community. At present, the content of the community is mainly pictures + short videos, and the UI interface style is mainly aesthetic.
❻ New opportunities for blockchain development, the future under the new sharing model
1. After equipped with blockchain, the computing power candy Power Candy “New Sharing” practice takes shape
The sharing economy is booming in the Internet environment, but in the current sharing model, "physical sharing" is still the mainstream model, such as shared bicycles, shared charging, shared luggage, shared hotels, etc.
It is true that the contradiction between idleness and lack of physical resources in different projects is the most obvious. For example, people often face traveling without a car or do not want to drive. Therefore, the physical sharing model emerged as the times require. In addition, technological simplicity also allows the most direct application of sharing physical objects to be implemented first.
In fact, blockchain is consistent with the sharing economy in terms of technical applications and business models. The POC computing power candy + sharing economy model launched in 2018 has catalyzed the "new sharing" There is a realized application foundation and long-term prospect planning, which may help the new sharing economy get out of the fog and keep the blockchain away from the hustle and bustle.
Based on this sharing model between super nodes and users, POC intends to expand it so that users (including enterprise users), other users and enterprises can share resources. A "new sharing" model to achieve a "new Internet" with resource synergy and maximum energy efficiency.
The key to the problem becomes how to establish mutual trust with the participation of multiple parties, and decentralization ensures that there is no interest control. This coincides with the concept of POC computing power candy. The launch of POC super nodes is undoubtedly the inevitable result of computing power candy realizing "new sharing" with the help of blockchain technology.
Referring to the concept of the white paper, a series of application scenario settings of POC are also in line with the two-way catalytic relationship between blockchain and "new sharing". This may be the reason for the announcement amidst the clamor of blockchain public opinion. The reason why the POC at the meeting was still confident.
2. "New Sharing" + Computing Candy POC Jumps to the Technical Level
First of all, it is the catalytic effect of computing power candy technology on "New Sharing", which is more reflected in On a technical level.
(1) This new sharing feature is actually decentralization, the concept of "weakening platform ownership and strengthening shared management rights", which again coincides with POC computing power candy, using new It is inevitable for technology to achieve new shared decentralization. The principle is that the computing power candy platform does not need to participate in the transactions between users, and these "rights" are owned by the super nodes, and POC has countless nodes, thus achieving decentralization and new sharing by super nodes. Model principles.
(2) "To own but not to possess", both have the same vision of decentralization. POC computing power sugarGuoxia New Sharing has multiple stakeholders, and essentially follows the "own but not possess" characteristic of the sharing economy: all participants can enjoy the resources in the system equally and efficiently, but no one can possess the system for their own benefit. Additional self-interest. Each user has the right to become a super node, perform their obligations under the supervision of the entire network, and independently obtain super node benefits.
3. Power Candy + "New Sharing" to realize the Internet of Value
(1) The goal of Power Candy is ultimately to return to how to deliver value . Although when it comes to blockchain, public opinion talks about keywords such as decentralization and trust mechanisms. From the practice of POC, we can also see that these characteristics have obvious technical and commercial value, but in terms of computing power candy For Power Candy itself, decentralization, trust, etc. are all its means to achieve the ultimate goal of the value Internet. This means that the participants in the POC project must transfer value to each other through it rather than traditional information, which has also become one of the criteria for identifying those "pseudo-blockchains".
(2) The combination of POC and blockchain is the appropriate practical field for the value Internet
The value of the value Internet in the computing power candy Power Candy means not only monetary value, Rather, it generally refers to resources that can produce utility. In POC planning, these values realize direct flow, rather than needing to be translated from information into value (for example, WeChat's payment is essentially sending instruction information and then the transfer is executed by Tencent's backend).
In addition to reliable digital currency projects, POC is undoubtedly the most suitable blockchain application field for value flow. According to IHS forecasts, the global installed base of IoT devices will reach 20.7 billion in 2020 and 75.4 billion in 2025. In such a huge network, there are a large number of value (computing power, storage, bandwidth, scenario analysis, identity authentication, payment authentication, etc.) flow requirements.
4. As the performance increases and the loss decreases, there are more possibilities for new sharing
Whether it is from new sharing to POC computing power candy, or from POC computing power candy to New sharing, both are mutually beneficial processes. In a situation where digital currencies have copied mining models as incentive mechanisms and are widely questioned, the combination of the sharing economy and POC computing power candy shows that blockchain can reversely reduce social costs. Resource consumption, performance improvement paradigm.
In any case, in today's world of constant quarrels about blockchain, under the new sharing concept, POC computing power candies tied to the sharing economy provide a solution that is not objectionable either on a logical level or on an intuitive level by the public. Blockchain practical cases, new sharing will have more application possibilities.
Overview of this week’s topics:
POC course, computing power candy cooperation model
New opportunities for blockchain development, the future under the new sharing model
Power Candy cooperates with the Sunflower KTV brand to apply blockchain
Deep integration and development of blockchain and transportation application scenarios
Power Candy < br />
Candy Blockchain Application Theory Discussion
❼ What changes can blockchain bring to data sharing?
What changes can blockchain bring to data sharing? Change
Currently, sharing text and photos on social networking sites, as well as sharing each other's joys, sorrows, and joys, has become an important part of public life.
With the progress of the times, sharing is gradually entering the real society. A series of shared economic models such as shared bicycles, shared umbrellas, shared power banks, and shared cars have emerged, bringing great convenience to human life. .
As a distributed shared ledger, blockchain technology seems to be inherently inseparable from sharing, and industry insiders continue to claim that this technology can bring revolutionary progress to sharing.
So, what is the difference between blockchain-based sharing and Internet-based sharing? This article takes data sharing as an example to answer this question.
Blockchain shares more than just data
Data sharing is an innate need of human beings. For example, talking about life ideals in a cafe, writing text, etc., these are all An important way for ordinary people to communicate information with others.
The emergence of the Internet has broken the geographical and time limitations of data sharing. It allows different people to communicate instantly in different locations on the earth. The emergence of email, online instant messaging and other technologies has greatly improved the efficiency of information transmission. efficiency.
In addition, the Internet can collect massive amounts of data, providing a larger capacity than paper archives, allowing users to obtain rich information in a short period of time.
So, how is all this different under blockchain technology?
In fact, blockchain technology is not concerned with the sharing of data, but with data control.The sharing of restricted permissions. The permissions here mainly refer to the power to modify and increase data. It mainly contains two meanings:
First, who can modify the data
Second, in what manner. Revise.
In the Internet model, data reading, writing, editing and deletion are generally accompanied by identity authentication operations. Only specific people can modify the data. In the blockchain model, especially the public chain system Under this system, anyone can participate in reading and writing data, and a trustless system is built in the form of a distributed ledger. The various organizations or individuals participating in reading and writing can not trust each other, but can store the final status of the data in the system. Reach a consensus.
To put it simply, the essential difference between blockchain-based sharing and Internet-based sharing is that blockchain shares not just data, but the control of data. So, how exactly does blockchain handle data control?
Blockchain controls data through rules
Before the emergence of blockchain technology, Internet data was usually controlled by a single entity. Since the website operator has complete control over the central server, these organizations can edit and process the data at will. Although organizations also need to complete data modification and other behaviors under certain laws and agreements, because they are the party that controls the resources, it is difficult for individual users to enjoy complete control.
To give a simple example, a user uploads a photo to the website platform and hopes that friends can see the photo. Excluding some illegal elements, who has the final control over this photo?
Obviously, from the user's point of view, this photo belongs to them, but in fact, these social networking sites are the real controllers. They can modify it at will, but users have nothing to do.
In other words, under the existing Internet system, as long as you have the right to operate the website platform, you can completely control the data on the platform.
Under the blockchain system, data is not controlled by any authoritative party, and its authority is controlled by rules. The main goal of these rules is to stipulate what kind of information is valid, and also stipulates How participants should provide feedback on it.
These rules are usually predefined and participants joining the blockchain network must abide by the rules. Of course, technically speaking, participants can ignore certain rules and construct invalid data based on their own interests. However, due to the existence of the blockchain consensus mechanism, other participants can exclude these invalid data from the network based on predefined rules.
For example, in the blockchain blacklist sharing platform system launched by Suning Financial, there are many such rules-no data can be queried without points, only the organization has the authority to modify the data of this organization, etc. Once an institution performs an operation outside the rules, these operations will be regarded as invalid transactions and are prohibited from occurring.
In general, blockchain regulates data writing behavior based on a technical rule system, while the Internet controls data through power and resources., this is the fundamental difference between blockchain-based sharing and Internet-based sharing.
Blockchain rules are jointly maintained by participants
Although there are some rules in the Internet environment, because the rules are completely maintained by the power parties, it is difficult to avoid black-box operations and other behaviors. In the blockchain system, the rules are jointly maintained by all participants, and each participant will independently verify the data according to the rules.
In this process, we cannot assume that all participants can fully comply with the rules. Therefore, each participant will independently verify the data it receives and determine whether it violates the rules. If the verification data is valid, then the participant will accept the data and forward it to others, otherwise, it will be rejected directly.
Within the blockchain network, new data can be considered valid data and added to the final blockchain shared ledger only after relevant participants agree.
Depending on how the blockchain is constructed, there are major differences in how data is confirmed. For example, in a public chain, most participants need to agree on the validity of the data, while in a consortium chain or private chain, Only a few participants need to agree.
In this method, the participants themselves are the managers, which is the core expression of blockchain decentralization: no institution is superior to others and has complete control authority over the data.
Blockchain is a form of permission sharing, allowing each participant to serve as a data provider, verifier and user at the same time, jointly maintaining the security and validity of blockchain data.
Since the popularity of blockchain, blockchain for everything seems to have become the advertising slogan of the industry, especially some data sharing applications are considered to be excellent examples of blockchain.
In fact, the emergence of the Internet has solved the problem of data sharing to a certain extent. Blockchain realizes the sharing of permissions. This is the most revolutionary change that blockchain has brought to the industry.
❽ Shared community design: Blockchain connects people
The Internet has changed the world, and blockchain has reconstructed the world. Blockchain is a revolution and revolution of the Internet. subversion.
"Blockchain" links people with each other, builds shared communities, links people with organizations, links organizations with organizations, and links organizations and value transactions in global sharing communities.
In the blockchain era, organizational boundaries are actually very dynamic and flexible. People can collaborate dynamically based on projects, smart contracts, and tokens, and can be linked within and outside different organizations at any time.
Entrance to global shared communities
Shared life academies around the world are the front entrance for people to enter shared communities around the world. They are a platform for recognizing shared community values, learning community life, It is the starting point for the gathering of 18.48 "Sharing Meta-Communities". Everyone must pass the training of the Sharing Life Academy before they canYou can join the global sharing community membership network. The sharing community membership network is the import and export of the sharing community, determines the membership blockchain identity in the global sharing community system, and manages members' withdrawal from the sharing community system.
Sharing community life status
Sharing life members have three states of life and production in the global sharing community system. Live and work outside the community, activities, shopping, collaborative services and leisure are within the community; work outside the community, live within the community; live and work within the community.
Types of shared community life and production:
City side
Shared living room: 1-10 "shared meta-communities".
Community vegetable gardens: 1-10 "shared meta-communities".
Settlement: 1 "shared meta-community".
Communities: 10-100 "shared meta-communities".
Complex: 30-100 "shared meta-communities".
Regional platform: 100-300 "shared meta-communities".
Rural side
Shared farms: 10-100 "shared meta-communities".
Camp: 1-3 "shared meta-communities".
Complex: 30-100 "shared meta-communities".
Town: 100-1000 "shared meta-communities".
Global shared community system:
Public welfare system + community system + industrial system = global shared life system.
1. Public welfare system usage scenarios
Sharing meeting:
International Sharing Meeting, referred to as: Sharing Meeting. Sharing Club Vision: A global leader in sharing communities. The mission of the Sharing Club: to develop the Sharing Club and serve the sharing community. The purpose of the sharing club is to share a better life.
The Sharing Club is a voluntary public service organization that does not involve politics, religion, or race, recruits social members who are interested in developing a sharing community, and promotes sustainable lifestyles around the world.
Public welfare foundations:
Sharing community public welfare foundations established in accordance with relevant laws and regulations use property donated by natural persons, legal persons or other organizations to engage in sharing A non-profit legal person established in accordance with the provisions of these regulations for the purpose of community public welfare. It is a public welfare organization that accepts feedback from the shared life industry, accepts donations from sharers, accepts social donations, and promotes the development of shared lifestyles.
Charitable Trusts:
Charitable trust is a new type of charity registered and set up in accordance with the Charity Law of the People's Republic of China. It is an innovative move that combines finance and charity. In the charitable trust structure, charity and finance work hand in hand. On the one hand, it provides more adequate and diversified operating methods for charitable organizations and entrepreneurs to participate in charity; on the other hand, it integrates the flexible, efficient and professional asset management capabilities of the trust system, and each Together, they will play an active role in promoting the development of charity.
Social Impact Investment Fund:
Impact investment, also known as "social impact investment" in China, refers to capital investment that pursues both justice and benefit to create economic and social development. Institutions or projects with comprehensive environmental benefits, their product forms include investments, bonds, loans, trusts, etc.
Shared life time bank:
Generates value from people’s idle time, wisdom, skills, and manpower. It is a collaborative life mechanism for shared life. All shared life communities are Shared life time bank membership.
Sharing Community Association:
Sharing community is the space where shared life members live, and Sharing Community Association is an organization of sharing communities around the world.
Shared Living Industry Association:
It is an industry organization that operates on the demand side, supply side and intermediate platform in the global shared living industry chain. The Shared Living Industry Association is between the government and enterprises and provides services, consultation, communication, supervision, fairness, self-discipline and coordination. It is the bridge and link between the government and enterprises.
International Shared Living Home Cities Cooperation Organization:
International Shared Living Home Development Plan under the International Shared Living Home Cities Cooperation Organization.
In The core city of regional international cooperation has established an "International Shared Living Industry Cooperation Platform" and displayed the "International Shared Living Demonstration Park" on the platform. Using the platform as a demonstration and support, it will develop in two directions, domestic regional cities and foreign regional cities. .
2. Living system usage scenarios
Sharing community membership network:
Accept applications from students who have completed training at the Sharing Life Academy. After certification , accept to join the global shared life system, manage membership dues payment and membership activities, manage shared community member meetings around the world, credit rating and management, members whose credit value is lower than their credit value, or withdraw on their own, or return to the Shared Life Academy to re-study.< br />
Community Owners Committee:
It is composed of owner representatives in the property management area. It represents the interests of the owners, reflects the owners’ wishes and requirements to all parties in society, and supervises the property management company. A non-governmental organization that manages and operates and has independent legal personality.
Community Affairs Committee:
Residents of shared communities can participate in the management of this community after reaching a certain length of stay.
Community General Meeting:
Decisions on major issues in this community are decided by the community’s resident general meeting.
Community life cooperatives:
The production and consumption of agricultural products, daily necessities, furniture, home appliances, clothing, etc. for members of the sharing community are all completed through cooperative organizations. The cooperative board can be elected, and the surplus generated by the cooperative is distributed according to the contributions of the "owners", truly eliminating the middleman and realizing benefit sharing.
Community production cooperatives:
Sharing community colleges, hair salons, supermarkets, restaurants, cafes, teahouses, hotels, properties, fitness, medical clinics, transportation, and entertainment.
3. Industrial system usage scenarios
Shared Life University:
Shared Life University consists of the Graduate School, Business School, Management School, Creative College, It consists of twelve colleges including Teachers College, Parenting College, Marriage and Love College, Youth College, Life College, Elderly College, Philanthropy College, and Blockchain College, which are the core of the shared life regional platform.
Shared living area platform:
The public welfare section, shared community section and shared living industry section form a shared living area platform. The platform establishes research and teaching with the shared living university as the core. , fully segmented model operation area, and platform ecosystem cluster area supporting the industry chain.
The platform is responsible for organizing the construction and operation of shared communities in international and domestic cities within a region.
Vertical segmented industry platforms:
Childcare, marriage, lifestyle, creativity, and elderly care segmented industry chain platforms form an industry intermediate operation system.
Shared life industry chain:
Human settlements, agriculture, landscape, food, supplies, health and entertainment, cultural creativity, leisure, residence, banking, and insurance form a supply-side industrial system .
4. Global Shared Community Regional Platform
In regional core cities around the world, we will build "shared living city regional platforms". In the initial stage, about 10 will be established in China, and more will be added later. to 31. Around 10 will be initially established around the world, reaching around 200 in the mid-term, and 1,000 in the later stages.
1. China
Nanning-ASEAN Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Kunming-Melan Five Countries Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Qingdao- Northeast Asia Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Tibet-South Asia Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Hainan-Pacific Island Countries Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Guangzhou - urban regional platform for shared living homes in Southern Africa;
Fuzhou - urban regional platform for shared living homes in North Africa;
Beijing - urban regional platform for shared living homes in North America Platform;
Shenzhen-European Union Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Chongqing-Central and Eastern European Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Tianjin-Northern Europe Shared living home city regional platform;
Chengdu-Western Europe shared living home city regional platform;
Yinchuan-Middle East shared living home city regional platform;
Urumqi-Central Asia Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Hangzhou-Caribbean Island Countries Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform;
Shanghai-BRICS Shared Living Home Urban Regional Platform ;
Nanjing - South America shared living home urban regional platform;
Xiamen - cross-strait shared living home urban regional platform;
Yangzhou - the world Canal City Shared Living Home Regional Platform;
2. Global
195 countries and regions in the world have established more than one shared living home urban regional development platform.
❾ Blockchain technology concept
Blockchain technology concept
Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, Blockchain has become an area of concern for most people, and many companies have already studied the technology in depth. However, there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology concept 1Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain
1. Basic concepts
Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. districtThe block chain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.
2. Working principle
The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
1. Distributed The ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and of equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.sex.
2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.
3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
3. Others
The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they must be combined. For a long time, they must be combined. In the era of long-term separation, all network information is scattered on the Internet. It is very difficult for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. , the only thing it does is recombine all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of integration and division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.
What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.
At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think it may still appear in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects.There are many disruptive scenarios, especially those that disrupt existing industries.
The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on untrustworthy networks.
One Belt, One Road + One Chain. The bigger thing about blockchain is not to create trust, but to allow trust to be transmitted losslessly, reducing the friction cost of society as a whole, thereby improving the overall efficiency.
The blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum encryption and other encryption appear in this process, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. This phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.
The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.
4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle
It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.
Blockchain technology concept 2The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses a blockchain data structure to verify and store data, and uses distributed nodes to share information.A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses recognition algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but each block The original data of the block cannot be tampered with. It is a "linked module" technology in the field of Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.
Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.
Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, the blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.
Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.
Blockchain Technology Concept 3Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and script programs on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.
Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.
Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.
Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake (POS) system without miners, but that’s beyond the scope of this article.within the scope of discussion. )
Ethereum: abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where you can trade Ethereum. At the time of writing, 1 Ether is worth 65 cents.
Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.
DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)
Ethereum client, smart contract language
p>Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.
Clients available for running Ethereum nodes
Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages, that is, multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network. , including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.
At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.
About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.
Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. In addition, you can use cURL-like commands to interact with the client through JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.
Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.
Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.
Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.
There are several languages to choose from for writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.
solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. Later in the article there areThe programming section assumes you have solc installed.
web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.
