第四次工业革命的引领包括区块链发展吗,第四次工业革命的引领包括区块链技术吗

『一』 Poor people, how are you preparing to face the fourth industrial revolution?

What is the fourth industrial revolution?

——Definition. According to the introduction in the book, the fourth industrial revolution is a new technological revolution based on digitalization and information technology, driven by rapid technological development, and dominated by physical, digital and biological categories. Among them, physical technologies are represented by unmanned vehicles, 3D printing, advanced robots and new material technologies; information-based digital technologies are represented by the Internet of Things, blockchain technology, and the sharing economy; and biological technologies are represented by biogenetic technology. and gene editing technology as representatives. The three are synergistically integrated, integrated with each other, and promote each other.

——Meaning. "If the first three industrial revolutions liberated human physical strength, the fourth industrial revolution liberated human brainpower." It is said that the impact of this round of industrial revolution will penetrate into the entire industrial chain of various industries and the global production methods. From large-scale production to a new stage of large-scale customization, platform economy, networking and flattening of enterprises have become new trends. New industrial forms such as the sharing economy and platform economy are emerging in endlessly. The innovative exchange of resources brought by the Internet will profoundly affect global resources. configuration method.

——Basics. There are three foundations for the fourth industrial revolution: First, the Internet is ubiquitous and mobility continues to improve. Second, sensors are becoming smaller and smaller, with stronger performance, lower cost, and wider use. Third, artificial intelligence and machine learning are emerging.

——Difference. Compared with the first three industrial revolutions, the fourth industrial revolution has three main characteristics: the speed is increasing exponentially, and new, updated, and more powerful new technologies are constantly being produced; the breadth and depth are constantly expanding, not only changing what we do and methods of doing things, will also change human beings themselves; the systemic impact will become more and more far-reaching, involving changes in all systems of countries, companies, industries, and the entire society.

——Application. Klaus Schwab used a lot of space to introduce 23 changes that may occur in the fourth industrial revolution, including implantable technology, the Internet of Everything, smart cities, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and 3D printing technology. and even human customization and applications of neurotechnology. Most of the 23 technologies have been developed and tested, and the application prospects of various technologies are very promising. Klaus Schwab also carefully analyzed various technologies and put forward the positive and negative impacts for us to think about.

『二』Which technology is most likely to lead the fourth industrial revolution

With the rapid development of science and technology, our society has been changed to a great extent , In the historical process of human development, we have experienced several industrial revolutions, and each industrial revolution will be a great change. Many people will ask, which technology is most likely to lead the fourth industrial revolution? The answer to this question is most likely to be new computer systems andArtificial intelligence, etc., let’s analyze it in detail below.

We all know that science and technology are the primary productive forces, and the development of science and technology can drive the development of our social life. Now the computer industry is in a period of vigorous development, and society is preparing for The development of the country has cultivated more computer talents and increased investment in computer training. In addition, artificial intelligence is also slowly developing. The use of artificial intelligence can greatly reduce our time, improve the efficiency of our work, and thus reduce the stress of our lives. This is a technology with great development prospects.

『三』How will blockchain technology affect the manufacturing industry

How will blockchain technology affect the manufacturing industry
When it comes to blockchain, many people are cloud Inside and outside the fog. However, it has made headlines on major news portals and is making a name for itself in the financial sector. As a distributed accounting technology, blockchain is transforming the financial industry, and it has the potential to revolutionize other industries as well.
Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization and does not rely on third-party notary agencies. The failure of any distributed node will not affect the overall work of the system. Moreover, it has the advantages of not being modified or counterfeited without permission, making it a A completely new data storage and accounting model.
As we all know, the emergence of Bitcoin has changed the way many people deal with finances, but this is just one of many cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is actually a manifestation of blockchain technology. Blockchain technology allows Bitcoin owners to securely complete transactions without a bank as a middleman, which brings great benefits. Now, other industries are beginning to realize the role of blockchain, and in the manufacturing field it can help realize the Industry 4.0 model.

Industry 4.0, also known as the fourth industrial revolution, is a digital revolution whose main purpose is to promote the connection between the virtual world and the physical world, such as connecting factory equipment and virtual machines in computers through digital twins. Model connection enables highly visual production. Blockchain can facilitate this connection, making it easier for humans and machines to connect and understand each other.
So, for the manufacturing industry, what kind of value can blockchain produce? What impact will this distributed data storage technology have?
Reduce manufacturing costs
Since the blockchain is an immutable point-to-point data storage system, it can ensure that data will not be lost due to a node failure. Therefore, when manufacturers transmit and save important files through blockchain technology, they don’t have to worry about losing them midway. When a document is shared, a block is recreated and added to the previous block to form an easy-to-track chain. Everyone can see where the information is going, which will improve supply chain traceability.
Because manufacturing supply chains are often distributed around the world, and their shipment transactions are at different time stages, this makes it difficult to track each component of the product's R&D, manufacturing and delivery process. Then through the blockchain, you can createA smarter, more secure supply chain because it provides a reliable path with real-time visibility.

A transparent real-time supply chain system can enable manufacturers to quickly detect and solve unexpected problems. Whether it is a product error or a security vulnerability, the cause of the problem can be found out through the blockchain, which can reduce product Possibility of recalls, thereby further reducing the cost of product manufacturing services.
Prevent data manipulation and tampering
With the development of digitalization and the industrial Internet of Things, the manufacturing industry has become the second largest target for hacker attacks. So, cyberattacks have clearly become a common threat in modern manufacturing. Blockchain provides an innovative way to improve network security and protect organizations from cyber attacks. Because blockchain uses a completely new method to store information, it can prevent data manipulation and tampering, further improving data security.

Blockchain technology enables visibility into document and process chains, allowing supply chain partners to check the authenticity of products and processes at any stage. Moreover, every transaction can be audited and tracked. It is much more difficult for hackers to attack a distributed network than a traditional centralized network, because it is meaningless to attack a single node in a distributed network unless all nodes are invaded to modify the data. A new block is created every time data is stored or inserted. When a hacker compromises a block, a new block is also created and can be easily traced.
Autonomous machine maintenance
The Industry 4.0 era will use a large number of advanced automation equipment, sensors and actuators. The maintenance of these machines will be an arduous task, and factory managers may need to master more advanced technology to meet the requirements for maintaining equipment. Also, if there is a large number of devices, it can be challenging to maintain.

Some factories are trying new methods to maintain equipment, such as condition-based maintenance, predictive maintenance, etc., using artificial intelligence technology to automatically diagnose and remind employees of maintenance when problems are discovered, thereby reducing costly downtime. time. In this process, blockchain can make the machine more autonomous. When the machine is damaged, it can automatically place an order for replacement parts. The manufacturer and parts supplier are closely connected through the blockchain.
At present, the scope of application of blockchain in manufacturing is not very clear. However, blockchain can indeed simplify enterprises and protect many processes in the supply chain, ultimately benefiting enterprises, suppliers and customers.

『四』What are the advantages of blockchain technology

Recently, many friends have come to ask questions related to blockchain, such as the specific advantages of blockchain and why we should invest in it. Blockchain, what benefits can it bring? Is it not allowed to invest in real estate and wait for appreciation? Is it not allowed to invest in mature markets such as stocks and bonds? Why invest in the newly emerging blockchain? What are the benefits of blockchain? Is investment value? and a series of questions. Below I have made the following summary, which basically summarizes the answers to most related questions:

Blockchain Advantages

Blockchain is regarded as an important part of the fourth industrial revolution. We all know that every industrial revolution will bring about leaps and bounds in human productivity. The history of human development In fact, it is a history of productivity progress

It can be roughly summarized in the following four aspects:

1. Blockchain has good market prospects; as an emerging technology, blockchain is included by investors Many professionals, including Blockchain, have recognized that the expected market value in 2020 is approximately US$60 billion, and the value of blockchain in the global market is expected to reach US$20 million in 2024. The considerable market prospects of blockchain are obvious.

2. The cost of blockchain is low; compared with centralized models such as credit card payment and stock trading that rely on third-party intermediaries, the decentralized distributed structure of blockchain saves investors It eliminates high handling fees and transaction fees, saves investment costs, and improves transaction processing efficiency.

3. Blockchain is more secure and stable; the traditional centralized model often faces serious credit crises, but since every transaction in the blockchain is tracked and permanently recorded by distributed public ledgers, it is greatly reduced. It eliminates counterfeiting, avoids losses caused by third-party credit issues, and provides security for investors' transactions.

4. The programming attributes of the blockchain are more standardized; traditional market investors often affect their returns due to confusion in the market level, while the programmability of the blockchain makes the market level clear and clear, which can Innovative technologies that change people's lives.

I hope it can help you solve related problems. For more details or if you have any questions, please feel free to ask or discuss!

『五』The phenomenon and application of blockchain What should it look like

1. The revolution of blockchain

It was not until the seventh year after the emergence of Bitcoin that its underlying core technology blockchain began to become known to people. With the wealth effect caused by Bitcoin’s multi-million-fold increase, blockchain is becoming more and more popular. Its value is widely recognized and it is generally considered to be the core technology leading the fourth industrial revolution.

In 2018, Xu Xiaoping, a well-known angel investor, raised his arms and shouted: "The blockchain revolution has arrived! We must embrace this revolution!" With one stone, it caused thousands of waves, and soon the official blockchain learning book was launched online , official media interpreted that a wave of entrepreneurship and recruitment are coming one after another. In 2019, blockchain was officially designated as “an important breakthrough for independent innovation in core technology.”

Under this situation, blockchain has become an out-and-out "new trend", and blockchain application has become a keyword. It has significant advantages in optimizing business processes and building trustworthy systems. How can we use these advantages of blockchain technology to empower the real economy?

Not only blockchain project parties are trying, but Chinese Internet companies represented by BAT, financial systems and mobile companies represented by China Merchants Bank, Bank of China, and Ping An InsuranceAll walks of life, including mobile operators, are actively pursuing "Blockchain+". It is also in full swing overseas, with Facebook, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, etc. all actively promoting it.

2. Blockchain+

On August 10, 2018, Tencent issued the first blockchain electronic invoice. As of July 3, 2020, invoices were issued Volume reaches 25 million. Blockchain electronic invoices have the advantages of simple invoicing, on-demand supply, low cost, high efficiency, and anti-counterfeiting. Tencent Blockchain quickly occupied the market with first-mover advantages in blockchain + government affairs and blockchain + taxation.

Ant Financial, owned by Alibaba, began to deploy blockchain as early as 2015. So far, Ant Blockchain has open alliance chain, BaaS platform and other products covering dozens of application scenarios. It has reached on-chain cooperation with many well-known global companies such as Intel, Jingdezhen Porcelain, and Bayer. The Internet also entered the blockchain very early and launched blockchain games, blockchain certificate storage and other services. Currently, the number of certificates stored on the chain has exceeded 100 million.

In 2019, the scale of China's blockchain industry alone reached 1.2 billion yuan. Data from the research institution Research and Markets shows that the output value of blockchain technology in the telecommunications field will surge from 4.66 million US dollars in 2018 to 2023. 993.8 billion US dollars in the year. Against this background, 2020 will usher in multiple policy benefits.

1. Officials have included blockchain into the scope of new infrastructure and new technology infrastructure;

2. Hunan released the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of the Blockchain Industry in Hunan Province" ( 2020-2022)";

3. Guangzhou launched the "Implementation Opinions of Guangzhou on Promoting the Innovation and Development of the Blockchain Industry (2020-2022)";

4. Beijing issued the "Beijing Blockchain Innovation and Development Action Plan (2020-2022)";

5. Jiangxi launched a blockchain service hall online;

6. Wuhan A special event for the transformation of blockchain technology scientific and technological achievements will be held;

7. The Chongqing Smart Expo Blockchain Application Innovation Competition plans to invest a huge amount of 50 million yuan as investment incentives.

However, although the implementation of blockchain in financial, government affairs, charity, games, agriculture, manufacturing, medical care, copyright and other physical fields has achieved remarkable results, it has also played an active role in fighting the new crown epidemic. role.

However, due to the influence of the general environment, more funds, resources, and attention have been attracted to the direction of blockchain empowering the real economy, but the core native applications of blockchain have been ignored.

3. Blockchain native applications

The Internet has opened an era of information explosion, and blockchain will bring a future where value flows freely. In today's global economic and financial system, affected by many factors such as ideology, cultural systems, business models, and technological levels, the cost of value transfer is high and the efficiency is low, especially in cross-border payment scenarios.

In the future blockchain era, value transfer will be like information transfer: global, instant, free, and equally enjoyed by everyone. All offline assets such as stocks, securities, identities, and real estate can be freely converted on the chain.

Moreover, the impact of blockchain technology has far exceeded the technical category itself. It is also an idea. The soul of blockchain lies in consensus. In the era of blockchain, truly powerful vitality will be born in community consensus and application implementation, and community and consensus will become the main body and soul of the industry.

In a community with consensus, individual energy and value will be fully stimulated, offsetting the fission effect of traditional centralization, breaking the original solid underlying structure, and reshaping new business and social values.

Therefore, blockchain native applications should be based on community and consensus, give individuals a path to realize their value, and be able to maximize the application ecosystem that stimulates individual energy and creativity, ultimately breaking monopoly and forming Decentralized free value exchange network.

Individual energy and value are multi-dimensional and highly subjective. These blockchain model designs obviously cannot fully stimulate individual energy, and are even far from it.

Native applications that truly conform to the spirit of blockchain should be grand and comprehensive in application model design, taking into account all online and offline value-creating behaviors of individuals for personalized use by individuals. , each individual’s areas of expertise are different.

Borrowing from the Pareto optimal solution theory, each individual's energy can be maximized to maximize the overall energy, break the original centralized business model, and form a free flow of global individuals. A peer-to-peer value transmission network builds a new decentralized business infrastructure, changes the value creation and delivery model, and reshapes the values ​​of the entire society.

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『鲁』How blockchain technology opens up an unimaginable new world< /p>

The concept of blockchain first appeared in the early 1990s. In 1991, several scientists described the first data block application based on cryptographic technology, which implemented a distributed file system and used document timestamps to prevent file tampering, forgery, and denial. In 1992, improvements were made on this basis, combining multiple document certificates into one block to improve file recording efficiency. With the development of the Internet, in 2008 Satoshi Nakamoto proposed a method based on the above examplesThe electronic currency mechanism implemented by cryptography and calculation methods is also the core of the blockchain. Generally speaking, it means that transactions can be conducted without knowing the background of the other party and without the intervention of a third party.

Information contains all contents of value transmission in human society. Since the emergence of human beings, information has been the primary driving force for human development. Several important stages in the development of human society were driven by the information revolution. For example, writing promoted the invention of tools, and the Renaissance promoted the development of capitalism and natural science. These revolutions all reflect the importance of informatization. In today's digital era, blockchain has brought us the fourth industrial revolution, and according to its characteristics, it ensures the authenticity and traceability of data, and can be extended to many fields such as the Internet of Things and smart manufacturing. Bringing about the integration of informatization and industrialization.

『撒』 Will blockchain trigger the 4th Industrial Revolution

The first industrial revolution brought steam power and factories. The second produced railroads and electricity. The third time gave us the internet, digital computers and the conveniences of the modern world.
These revolutions began and ended with the creation of better, more efficient machines. But the fourth revolution, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), asserts that it is coming, and it will not follow in the footsteps of its predecessors.
The focus of the fourth revolution will not be on stronger and faster machines: it will revolve around machines, processing, sharing, and spontaneous information behavior, fundamentally changing our relationship with tools, the world, and each other. relationship between.
Data Revolution
It’s not coal, steel, or silicon. The currency of the fourth revolution will be data.
A single gas turbine, coupled to the industrial Internet, generates more than four times the data of the entire world’s Twitter in a day, but we analyzed less than 1% of the data. Bill Ruh, CEO of GE Digital, predicts that there will be a deluge of digital information that today’s analytical tools cannot hope to parse.
“Ten years ago, we were probably bringing in 1 terabyte of data every day,” Ruh said in an interview with The Boston Globe. “Today, that’s up to about 10,000 terabytes of data. By 2020, we expect to be bringing in about 1 terabyte of data every day. Millions of terabytes of data.”
The machines of the future will produce roughly the same amount of information every day as the U.S. Library of Congress. Imagine reading every book in the Library of Congress and then having to summarize what you learned in 10 pages. The task is not only huge, it's ridiculous.
The real miracle of the fourth industrial revolution will not be the data produced, but the intelligent machines that can analyze this data and communicate with their kind in the network. Each networked machine will then take action, changing its processes to become more efficient and feeding its changes back to the network.
Hopefully these smart machines will take our world economy into high gear: Ruh and GE believe that in the futureIn the next 20 years, smart machines and the Internet of Things industry will add 10 to 15 trillion US dollars to the global economy. This is a huge increase considering that global gross domestic product (GDP) was approximately $74 trillion in 2015.
The Foundations of the Revolution
Two components are focused and necessary for the coming revolution: a centralized, industry-specific Internet communications network such as GE’s Predix; decentralized approach, as well as hindering dishonest communications to facilitate commerce.
Specific IIoT networks must serve as hubs for intelligent machines to interact with each other and with their human creators. Sensors on computers collect large amounts of data and then sift through the data in real time. In other words, it is conceivable that it occurs on the basis of a machine. But to relay equipment findings and make decisions without human intervention, to truly create a smart network, machines need a single communication network.
Imagine that while the plane is still in the air, sensors in the plane's engine identify a part that is about to fail, then communicates to the destination airport that the engine will need maintenance and orders replacement parts before landing.
This kind of intuitive machinery is no sci-fi dream: it's our future.
I believe that IIoT information network is only half the battle, ultimately it is still about e-commerce. Think of it like public roads that millions of self-driving cars will someday be running on.
Right now, these self-driving cars run a single system. But how do we ensure that every self-driving car will obey traffic rules? For example, how do we ensure that in the event of an accident, the vehicle does not send fraudulent messages regarding its whereabouts? If the accident happened between just two parties, then each passenger would corroborate his own car's story, and there would be no way to verify each party's claimed location.
Consider that decentralized, satellite-based GPS will impact the situation. This system is impartial and connected to every vehicle. Of course, each car can continue to lie, but it's much simpler to verify which party is telling the truth.
Due to the non-cancelable nature of the GPS system, self-driving cars have no reason, or have been tampered with by their owners, to lie about their location in the event of an accident. This strong incentive for integrity is tantamount to promoting trade among self-driving cars and is necessary to make owners feel that their investment in these vehicles is safe.
GPS technology is to autonomous vehicles what network blockchain technology is to the industrial Internet. Of course, self-driving cars can drive on the road without GPS, but their owners probably won't allow them to do so. Likewise, at a larger scale, machines can communicate on a single, centralized network of the Industrial Internet, but must do so without risk. (BlockChain is the core part of Bitcoin's BitCoin technology. Its function is simply similar to a ledger that records all transaction data. This ledger: 1.Stored on various Bitcoin nodes on the Internet, each node has a complete backup; 2. It records all Bitcoin transfer transactions since the birth of Bitcoin; 3. The ledger is stored in blocks, and each block contains a part Transaction Record. Each block will record the ID of the previous block, forming a chain structure, so it is called a blockchain; 4. When you want to initiate a Bitcoin transaction, you only need to broadcast the transaction information to the P2P network , the miner records your transaction information into a new block and connects it to the blockchain, and the transaction is completed.
Blockchain has spurred revolution elsewhere
Of course, blockchain has already facilitated the development of e-commerce in the financial industry. But digital packets of information are discrete assets like currency, and blockchain can create a digital record of their existence and transmission. The technology is essentially a record, or unified ledger of digital events. This ledger is dispersed across the network and shared between different parties, and can only be updated by a unanimous majority of these parties. Once a ledger item is created, it can never be erased.
Blockchain is the missing link in the revolution as it incentivizes e-commerce that will define trust between machines and stakeholders. Take, for example, Volkswagen's recent emissions scandal. Volkswagen's tests showed its vehicles emitted too much nitrogen oxide, so it chose to hide the problem from subsequent inspections.
While blockchain will not prevent machines or humans from tampering with the data, it will create transparent, shared, and indelible documentation of the original emissions data. If this data had been created and shared through a blockchain system, the public would never have gone down the path of fraud because the differences between the two data sets would have been obvious.
The benefits of IIoT are obvious, we have developed machine-to-machine communication technology; now, it is the standardization challenge between society and the next revolution. This has driven database technology over the past three decades, and we're finally seeing momentum building towards it.
Different businesses have different goals, but if we all want to benefit from the efficiencies brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, we must adopt a single model of machine-to-machine e-commerce. And since communication networks must operate commercially between willing participants, we must integrate blockchain into this system. Under the delicate environmental conditions that require constant modification of data and unfettered information trade, blockchain is the best path towards a new industrial revolution.

『8』 Which technologies lead the fourth industrial revolution

The fourth industrial revolution - the green industrial revolution, a series of production functions characterized by the input of natural factors, to The transformation characterized by green factor investment has spread to the entire society.
The goal of the green industrial revolution is first to achieve the "decoupling" of carbon emissions, which includes three aspects: First, to promote the "greening" of existing "black" or "brown" energy, that is, to use lower energy consumption , Use fossil energy in a cleaner way to reduce the pollution intensity per unit of energy consumptionThe second is to promote the "decoupling" between the use of fossil energy and economic output, and try to reduce the proportion of fossil energy in economic production and consumption; the third is to promote the substantial increase in non-fossil energy, renewable energy, and green energy. , and promote the utilization of this type of energy to eventually dominate.
On the basis of "decoupling" carbon emissions, the green industrial revolution requires accelerating the transformation of economic development methods and promoting the "comprehensive decoupling" of relevant elements of ecological capital, including land resources, water resources, ecological environment resources, etc. To achieve this goal, the first step is to improve resource utilization efficiency under the joint action of multiple factors such as technology, system, organization, and material capital investment. The second step is to reach the "peak" of various resource usage as early as possible. Then it can be promoted to decline, thereby achieving a "surplus" of ecological capital elements.

『Nine』The era of intelligent robots is coming, and it is about to trigger the fourth industrial revolution

Looking back on human history, every industrial revolution has brought about a great leap in the productivity of human society!

The first industrial revolution began in 1775, when Watt transformed the steam engine and mechanized production; the second industrial revolution began at the end of the 19th century, and the widespread application of electricity led to large-scale, assembly line production. The third industrial revolution began in the 1950s. The information revolution brought by computers enabled the automation of production.

Today, the fourth industrial revolution, centered on intelligence and information networks, is coming like a tsunami!

China already accounts for a quarter of the world’s industrial robots

It can be clearly said that China is fully equipped to achieve explosive development in the field of intelligent robots! This will be the first time in the past 200 years that China has a real opportunity to overtake in the industrial productivity revolution!

As long as we calm down and focus on the development of new technologies for the fourth industrial revolution led by intelligent robots, I believe that the Chinese people will be able to realize their long-cherished wish to overtake in corners!

Very short inspiration creative base | Text: Wan Shaoqing Pictures: The copyright of pictures from the Internet belongs to the original author.