区块链技术在交通领域的应用前景分析,区块链在交通领域应用

『一』 Can blockchain technology be applied in the transportation industry

Yes, Chongqing Jinwowo analysis:
Blockchain can be used for things Networking enables the creative potential of smart cities. Road signs, traffic lights, cars and other moving and stationary objects will be embedded with sensors that will collect data and send it to a system that will reroute buses, streetcars, emergency vehicles and other municipal vehicles , to find the fastest route and avoid traffic jams.
Ultimately reduce traffic congestion, speed up commuting and reduce carbon emissions. Blockchain-secured sensor data could also help drivers find open parking spaces or charging terminals, pay traffic tickets, and report crashes or maintenance issues.

『二』 Four core issues need to be solved for the implementation of blockchain. Interview with Chen Wei, President of Bank of Communications Investment Banking Center

As the concept of blockchain continues to heat up and this technology is becoming increasingly mature, financial institutions including banks are also increasing their deployment and application in this field. The "Archaean - 2019 China Blockchain Financial Industry Research Report" points out that financial institutions' investment in blockchain is growing year by year. It is expected that by 2022, China's financial institutions' investment in blockchain technology will reach 9.27 billion yuan.

Chen Wei pointed out that the essence of asset securitization business is to replace the subject credit with asset credit, and with the help of blockchain technology, technological mutual trust can be achieved to replace institutional mutual trust. These two points make blockchain technology suitable The needs of asset securitization business scenarios. Based on this, Bank of Communications launched China's first blockchain asset securitization platform - "Chain Fusion". Chen Wei also said that blockchain technology will also play a positive role in promoting Shanghai's "Yangtze River Delta integration" and building an international asset management center.

The "efficiency + trust" problem needs to be solved

"China Business News": Although many banks have explored and researched blockchain, there have been few projects that have been implemented in the end. What do you think is the reason why blockchain technology is difficult to implement?

Chen Wei: Since blockchain mainly uses alliance chain technology, banks mainly face the following four problems when exploring the application of blockchain technology in specific business implementation:

The first one is safety. Commercial banks are important participants in the infrastructure construction of the entire financial system and have particularly high requirements for reliability and security. In the application of new technologies, safety requirements are the most important and must be met. Since the application of blockchain technology is still in the exploratory stage, this may affect the implementation of blockchain technology in specific businesses.

The second is efficiency. In a decentralized setting, all nodes need to reach a consensus and process the data, which takes a lot of time. Therefore, it is currently difficult to effectively balance business efficiency. Some traditional businesses of banks, such as payment, transfer, remittance and other business scenarios, have great impact on time efficiency and data storage.The requirements are relatively high, so there are still some difficulties in integrating blockchain technology with these business scenarios.

The third is cross-agency consensus. The alliance chain requires all parties in the alliance to reach an agreement and jointly promote the formation and expansion of the chain. However, in the actual business promotion process, different institutions have great differences in their understanding of the blockchain and their needs for the alliance chain, and there is a certain degree of difficulty in coordination and promotion. .

The fourth is economic cost. Blockchain applications require high technical development capabilities of banks and require a large amount of software and hardware resources. For example, alliance chains need to deploy nodes and form consensus algorithms and a series of services; banks need to invest a lot of human and financial resources in development. These inputs may not directly produce visible economic profits in the short term, and there will be an intertemporal mismatch of costs and benefits. Any financial institution, whether listed or not, will face the problem of current assessment, which creates a certain contradiction between the current nature of costs and the lag of income.

Of course, despite the existence of these four main contradictions, many banks are crossing the river by feeling the stones and constantly exploring. It can be said that in this regard, Bank of Communications has actively responded to the national call and is at the forefront of its peers in the application of blockchain technology, especially in the field of asset securitization, achieving many breakthroughs.

Chen Wei: The so-called efficiency is a matter of time, and trust is a matter of safety.

Regarding the efficiency issue, combined with the exploration and practice of Bank of Communications, it can be solved in the following three ways: first, through the automation of smart contracts on the chain, to improve the efficiency of business processes; second, , research high-performance public chain technology to meet the computing and storage capabilities in the case of concurrent transactions; third, with the help of cloud computing, use the storage capabilities of the cloud to improve efficiency and reduce economic costs.

Regarding the issue of trust, there are three main ways to solve it: First, reach a consensus before going on the chain. Participants must sign an agreement to express their agreement before going on the chain to avoid problems due to failure to reach a consensus during the business development process. This leads to reduced efficiency and difficulty in implementation; secondly, digital signature and asymmetric encryption technology are used to encrypt the data before uploading it to the chain to ensure that only authorized parties can see the data and achieve control of data permissions; thirdly, Blockchain technology uses distributed ledgers to ensure that data cannot be tampered with and can also be traced to ensure that all participants maintain a high degree of trust in the data on the chain.

Promoting the "integration" of assets and funds in the Yangtze River Delta

"China Business News": What are the characteristics and highlights of Bank of Communications in exploring blockchain scenarios?

Chen Wei: There are many discussions about blockchain usage scenarios in the current market. In terms of blockchain empowering finance, asset securitization business is one of the most suitable scenarios. Based on its practical exploration and first-mover advantage in the asset securitization market, Bank of Communications has been trying to explore the application of blockchain in asset securitization business scenarios since 2016, and officially launched it in 2018.China's first blockchain asset securitization platform - "Chain Fusion" was officially released. The platform has obtained two technology patents - "A cross-agency process solution based on smart contracts" and "Fabric blockchain management solution based on smart contracts", and won the 2018 Shanghai Financial Innovation Achievement Award issued by the Shanghai Municipal Government. Award, "China Banker" Top Ten Blockchain Application Innovation Award and other awards.

There are many participating institutions in the asset securitization business, the issuance cycle is long, and the transaction structure is also relatively complex. How to carry out the business more efficiently requires solving the problem of information asymmetry. Blockchain technology has the four characteristics of decentralization, transparency, sharing, and non-tampering, which means that blockchain technology can achieve a perfect combination with asset securitization.

From the perspective of the business itself, the essence of asset securitization business is to replace subject credit with asset credit; at the same time, with the help of blockchain technology, technological mutual trust can be achieved to replace institutional mutual trust. These two points make the blockchain Chain technology and asset securitization business can fit perfectly. Blockchain technology can make all data information in the system open, transparent, non-tamperable, and non-forgery without the need for third-party endorsement, and it can also trace the information.

"China Business News": In practice, how does blockchain technology empower asset securitization business?

Chen Wei: On the "Chain Fusion" platform, with the help of blockchain technology, underlying assets and due diligence reports and other information are permanently stored on the chain through digital fingerprints. With the help of the transparency and transparency of the blockchain, Features such as sharing and non-tampering solve the problem of mutual trust among the many participants in the asset securitization business and achieve credit penetration; encryption protection of files on the chain is achieved through some algorithms, effectively mitigating the risk of information leakage.

At the same time, the application of blockchain technology also reduces some maintenance costs and system operation pressure. Since the issuance of Asia’s first blockchain technology-enabled credit asset securitization project, “Jiaoying 2018 First Phase Personal Housing Mortgage Asset-Backed Securities,” Bank of Communications has issued approximately seven or eight Projects worth tens of billions of yuan. We have also been committed to promoting more high-quality originating institutions, professional investors and other asset securitization ecosystem users such as Guodian Electric Power to join the chain.

"Chain Fusion" is the incubation result of the "Financial Innovation Joint Laboratory" and the product of the joint linkage between the front, middle and back offices of Bank of Communications. In the early stage of research and development, the business department took the lead in the entire project based on market sensitivity, and the middle and back-end departments collaborated. After blockchain technology is put into use, we continue to keep pace with the times and iteratively upgrade the system.

In addition to the internal collaboration of Bank of Communications for research and development, Bank of Communications also took the lead in establishing the asset securitization business ecosystem - the "Lujiazui Asset Securitization Alliance", and through cooperation with peer institutions, jointly cultivate and Developing an ecosystem system is also a way for Bank of Communications to fulfill its social responsibilities and realize social value.reflect.

"China Business News": In addition to empowering banks' specific businesses, what help can blockchain technology provide to banks in participating in the "Yangtze River Delta Integration" and serving Shanghai in building an international asset management center?

Chen Wei: The application of blockchain technology in asset securitization business scenarios actually shortens the information distance between asset holders and fund holders, and also breaks the boundaries of administrative divisions. With the help of blockchain technology, various participants in the "Chain Fusion" platform reach asset consensus and price consensus. For example, assets in Shanghai can be connected to funds in Jiangsu, which to some extent promotes the development of assets in the Yangtze River Delta region. and the “in-city integration” of funds.

At the same time, blockchain technology can also provide certain help to Shanghai in building an international asset management center. Building an international asset management center means attracting a large amount of overseas funds or fund management institutions to Shanghai. Only by providing a wealth of high-quality assets to choose from can overseas funds or institutions be retained. The asset securitization business has developed relatively maturely and has a large scale in the international market. In contrast, the asset securitization business is still in the development stage in China. As China continues to open up to the outside world, more and more foreign capital will enter China to invest in some high-quality domestic assets in the future, and the "chain integration" platform may play a more important role.

Generally speaking, blockchain technology is closely related to strategic issues such as Shanghai’s Yangtze River Delta integration construction, free trade zone construction, and the construction of a global financial technology center and asset management center, and will also Make new and greater contributions to serving the national strategy.

Source: China Business Network

『三』What are the practical applications of blockchain technology

1. Financial field

Block The chain has potential huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, stock rights registration and stock exchanges.

2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields.

Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved.

3. Public service fields

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the centralization of these fields Characteristics also bring some problems, which can be transformed using blockchain.

4. Digital copyright field

Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. sex.

5. Insurance field

In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the policy will be automatically processed.pay.

6. Public Welfare Field

The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for social welfare scenarios.

『四』What are the application fields of blockchain technology?

Application fields: financial field, Internet of Things and logistics field, public service field, digital copyright field, insurance field, public welfare field .

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the fields of the Internet of Things and the field of mold grinding and cavity flow. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.

Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in the fields of public management, energy, transportation, etc. However, the centralized nature of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed with blockchain.

Blockchain Technology

This major cultivates the comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and labor skills, and masters basic knowledge of natural sciences, humanities and social sciences, basic theories of computer science, and blockchain technology and applications. Professional basic theory and application knowledge, basic skills in blockchain software development, software development practice and project organization, innovation and entrepreneurship awareness, competition and team awareness and craftsmanship, ability to engage in blockchain technology design, High-quality and high-level technical skills personnel for management, service and other tasks.

『五』 Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and blockchain government affairs make things easier

"Blockchain + government affairs" will collide. What kind of spark? Mawei Xingang Community in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province uses blockchain technology to solve the pain points of government informatization and launches a "blockchain + community certification" application. "This application can easily realize the electronic issuance of certificates required by enterprises and the masses, promote the transformation from 'reduced certificates' to 'no certificates', let data run instead of people running errands, improve service efficiency, and better serve the people. "Ms. Zhu, a citizen of Fuzhou, said.

Provident funds can be transferred and continued in other places

"Post-90s" Chen Jing joined a new company at the end of last year, and her work location changed from Hangzhou, Zhejiang to Chengdu, Sichuan. If you change your workplace, how can you transfer the previously accumulated housing provident fund to a new account? After consultation, Chen Jing learned that by searching for the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet on her mobile phone, she could realize the transfer to other places. According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the "National Housing Provident Fund" applet will be launched online in October 2021. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has built a credible data environment for the operation of the applet by deepening the application of new technologies such as blockchain to ensure that depositors information and financial security. Thanks to blockchain technology, depositors can realize housing provident fund accounts,When transferring funds across cities, you no longer need to go to the counter to handle off-site transfer and connection business, which greatly shortens the processing time and further facilitates the cross-regional flow of human resources.

Multiple types of data are shared on the "chain", online and offline services are coordinated, and the use of blockchain technology improves the efficiency of government departments and people's satisfaction. For example, Haidian District in Beijing has opened a "Blockchain Zone" on the Haidiantong APP, which can directly handle public rental housing subsidies, Haidian District high-tech talent training subsidy approval, etc... With the application of new technologies such as blockchain, many government affairs The service realizes "one-stop service and full online service".

In addition, Zhuzhou City in Hunan Province has also innovated administrative approval service methods and launched blockchain application scenarios for electronic certificates, effectively improving the level of government data sharing and business collaboration efficiency; Fuzhou City has launched the "Rongcheng on the Chain" plan , exploring the use of blockchain technology in four fields including e-government, financial technology, social governance, and people's livelihood security.

Why does the government field favor blockchain technology? Industry insiders believe that blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering, security, confidentiality and traceability, and is highly suitable for government service needs such as cross-domain data sharing and business collaborative management. Active use of blockchain technology can solve the problem of data sharing in the government service process. to solve problems such as difficulties in business coordination and improve government management services, overall planning and coordination capabilities.

Effectively supporting people’s livelihood services

Related management service platforms based on blockchain in many places in China have been launched frequently: in Jiangsu, the country’s first transfer of idle residential use rights based on blockchain technology The transaction was successfully completed. Relying on the provincial information service platform, the transaction information can be directly uploaded to the "chain" for certificate storage, ensuring that the housing source is credible and the results are traceable; in Zhejiang, the first intellectual property blockchain public certificate storage platform was officially launched, providing data Assets, original designs and other intellectual property rights provide efficient and fast certificate storage services; in Yunnan, the Provincial Market Supervision Administration and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Blockchain Application Technology jointly carry out Yunnan Province’s blockchain underlying chain food traceability work based on domestically produced independent , through blockchain technology, we can promote product source traceability, one-stop code, logistics tracking, responsibility identification and credit evaluation, so that blockchain technology can truly contribute to people's livelihood services.

Hu Kai, a professor at the School of Computer Science at Beihang University, told this reporter that the current blockchain industry applications are mainly divided into four categories: real economy, financial services, social governance and people's livelihood services. The government attaches great importance to guiding blockchain The application of chain in manufacturing, energy, government affairs, education and other fields has been implemented.

Active drive at the policy level has allowed blockchain to continue to advance in industries such as judicial evidence storage and transportation and shipping data sharing. The Supreme People's Court issued the "Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Strengthening the Judicial Application of Blockchain" in May, proposing that by 2025, the People's Court and the society will be established.The blockchain alliance will be interconnected and shared by all walks of life, forming a relatively complete blockchain application standard system in the judicial field. In June, the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of an Electronic Platform for Imported Dry Bulk Cargo Entry and Port Business Based on Blockchain" in June, proposing to promote the in-depth integration and development of blockchain technology and the transportation industry.

Let data flow safely and orderly

Hu Kai believes that today, with the rapid development of the digital economy, numbers and data are key elements for future social development, but there are still legal issues behind the data. , interoperability, privacy, security, traceability, storage, transactions and many other complex issues. How to make data flow more securely and orderly? Blockchain technology has broad room for development.

Blockchain technology is accelerating breakthrough applications and playing a role in establishing a trustworthy and secure digital economic order and promoting high-quality economic and social development. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology released the "Blockchain Infrastructure Research Report (2022)" in July this year, proposing that as the scale of blockchain infrastructure construction continues to expand and operating capabilities continue to increase, blockchain can not only be used in encrypted digital Currency and other scenarios can also be applied in manufacturing, service industries and other fields. Typical application scenarios such as digital collections, data circulation, supply chain finance, and product traceability have emerged.